Objective: Elements other than these (C, H & O) elements

N
Cl

Br S

I N&S

Conclusion

Be careful Na metal is
very reactive and
explosion happens if it
come in contact with
water
China dish, funnel, test tubes, ignition tubes, capillary tubes, glass rod, wire gauze, pair of
tongs, test tube holder, dropper, and spatula
 A small piece of metallic sodium is placed in a fusion tube and melted by gentle heating.
 Then the tube is removed from the flame and a small quantity of the substance is rapidly added to the melted
sodium.
 It is again heated gently to complete the reaction and then strongly.
 When the ignition tube is red hot it is plunged into distilled water taken in a china dish.
 The tube breaks and any residual sodium react with water.
 The broken ignition tube is ground well with the bottom of a boiling tube.
 The mixture is boiled well and filtered and the filtrate is known as the sodium fusion extract.
 If necessary, this step is repeated.
 Description of the experiment Observation Inference

To one portion of the sodium fusion extract half *Dirty green precipitate Presence of Nitrogen
of its volume of freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution (about 50 mg in min. vol. of
water) is added, heated gently and acidified Prussian blue color
with dil. H2SO4.
*[If no precipitate is formed, add a few drops of
dilute sodium hydroxide solution to get the
precipitate.]
 Description of the experiment Observation Inference
To the sodium extract (1-2 ml) add 1ml of Violet color formation Presence of Sulfur
freshly prepared sodium nitroprusside solution.
 Description of the experiment Observation Inference
Take 1-2 ml of sodium extract and acidify it with Blood red color Nitrogen and Sulfur are
dilute hydrochloric acid. Add 2-3 drops of ferric present together
chloride solution.
 Description of the experiment Observation Inference
Sodium extract + excess dil. Nitric acid (approx. White curdy precipitate Chlorine is present
equal vol.), boil to half the volume, cool it down soluble in ammonia
+ silver nirate solution

One can directly add AgNO3 if nitrogen is absent

Note: N and halogen will not be given together;
please do not boil the solution with HNO3
unless it is necessary.
 Description of the experiment Observation Inference
Sodium extract + excess dil. Nitric acid (approx. Yellowish white precipitate Bromine is present
equal vol.), boil to half the volume, cool it down sparingly soluble in ammonia
+ silver nirate solution

One can directly add AgNO3 if nitrogen is absent yellow precipitate insoluble Iodine is present
Note: N and halogen will not be given together; in ammonia
please do not boil the solution with HNO3
unless it is necessary.
 COOH C
O
OH COOH O
COOH
C
l C
l Br
H I

Cl C
l

N
O NH2 NH2 NH2 N
O2
2
O

NH2 N
O2
NH2 NH2
NH3+Cl-

SO3H C O 2H NO2

NH2
H H
H N N
N
O O
O H
O O
OH

H
N