Neonatal Hematology of Selected Species of Cervidae and Bovidae

Author(s): William B. Karesh, Don L. Janssen and James E. Oosterhuis

Source: The Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Dec., 1986), pp. 138-146
Published by: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20094808
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J. Zoo An. Med. 17:138-146, 1986

dama, blackbuck, Ant?lope cervicapra,
nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus, axis deer,
Neonatal Hematology of Selected Axis axis and fallow deer, Dama dama,
Species of Cervidae and Bovidae born at the San Diego Wild Animal Park.

William B. Karesh, D.V.M.* Materials and Methods

Don L. Janssen, D.V.M.** All animals were born between the fall of
James E. Oosterhuis, D.V.M.** 1983 and the summer of 1984 at the San
Diego Wild Animal Park in Escondido,
Introduction California. Adults lived in 20-50 acre
naturalistic exhibits and neonates were
While information regarding normal
collected for hand rearing within 24 hours
hematology of non-domestic animals is
following birth. Neonates used in this study
becoming more widely available through were randomly selected for hand rearing for
scientific literature and data bases such as
the purpose of future shipment. Animals
the International Species Inventory System, were raised with conspecifics and other
little published data exists concerning the
equivalent-sized ungulates. Formulas were
hematology of neonatal and juvenile
composed of cow's milk diluted with water
ungulates. Thorough studies have been
and, in addition, some individuals received
reported for giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis2
4 cow's colostrum for the first day and/or as
scimitar-horned oryx, Oryx tao3,
10% of their formula until weaning.
springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis6 and Blood samples were collected using
African elephants, Loxodonta africana.1
jugular venipuncture on day 1 (within 24
The following report provides hematology
hours of birth), day 2, day 7, day 30, and
values for hand reared neonatal and
day 80 or 90. Samples collected from any
juvenile springbok, addra gazelle, Gazella
animals showing signs of clinical illness such
Woodland Park Zoological Gardens, 5500 Phinney Ave., N., as poor appetite, hyperthermia, diarrhea, or
Seattle, WA 98103 arthritis were not included in this report.
**San Diego Wild Animal Park, 15500 San Pasqual Valley Road,
Escondido, CA 92027-9614 Evacuated glass tubes containing EDTA
13?

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 Percentage of Total
White Blood Cells
80

90
Age in Days

% Segmented Neutrophils % Lymphocytes

Figure 1. Mean percentages of white blood cells for segmented neutrophils (anuble line) and lymphocytes (solid line) in the blood
of axis deer, Axis axis, ranging in age from less than one day to 90 days.

Percentage of Total
White Blood Cells
80

T
12 7 30 90
Age in Days
a % Segmented % Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Figure 2. Mean percentages of white blood cells for segmented neutrophils (double line) and lymphocytes (solid line) in the blood
of blackbuck, Ant?lope cervicapra, ranging in age from less than one day to 90 days.

139

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were used to preserve for maternal colostrum before neonates were
samples
hematological evaluation. Packed cell collected and colostrum being offered after
volumes (PCV) were determined using a gut closure. The findings of LaMotte and
microhematocrit centrifuge and total plasma Eberhart5 should be taken into account
protein levels (TP) were measured with a when evaluating the leukogram of neonatal
refractometer. White blood cell counts ruminants when exact information regarding
(WBC) were performed manually and white colostrum intake is available.
blood cell differentials were performed of
blood smears using a Wrights-Giemsa stain.
Summary
Data presented in this study provides
Results and Discussion
baseline hematological values for a variety
Hematological data for the 6 different
of neonatal bovids and cervids. This type of
species are illustrated in Tables 1?6.
information is critical to making valid
Springbok and blackbuck had much higher evaluations of healthy or ill neonates of the
PCV and hemoglobin levels than axis deer
same species when variations in
during the first week of life with other
management situations are taken into
species falling in between. All species consideration.
showed at least a slight decrease followed
by an increase in PCV and hemoglobin
levels between day 1 and day 90. This References
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146

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