PROPHEISED PHYSICS

“Physics is the only profession in which prophecy is not only accurate but routine”

CARNOT ENGINE
A Carnot Engine is a hypothetical engine that operates on the reversible Carnot cycle. he showed that a
heat engine operating in an ideal reversible cycle between two heat reservoirs at different temperature
would be the most efficient engine.
The working of Carnot engine is based on Carnot cycle.

CARNOT CYCLE:
A cycle of a heat engine is completed when the system has returned to its original state.
The operating cycle of Carnot engine is called Carnot cycle. It consists of four processes.

PROCESS 01 (Isothermal Expansion)

Consider a Carnot engine, let the working substance pressure P1, Volume V1 and temperature T1. If the
engine is placed on a heat reservoir and allowed to expand by decreasing the pressure. Let Q is the
amount of heat absorbed by the system. So, that temperature remains constant. The volume and pressure
changes to V1 and P2 increases. But the temperature remains constant.

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 PROCESS 02 (Adiabatic Expansion)

If the engine is placed on an insulator, then no heat can flow in or out of the system. If the gas can
expand by decreasing the weight on the piston. So that volume increases from V2 to V3. In this process
the temperature of the system falls from T1 to T2 and pressure also falls from P2 to P3.

PROCESS 03 (Isothermal Compression)

Let the engine is placed on a cold reservoir, now the gas is compressed by increasing the load on its
piston, let Q2 is the amount of heat rejected by the system to the cold body through the base.

The volume decreases from V3 to V4 and pressure increases from P3 to P4 at constant temperature T2.

PROCESS 04 (Adiabatic Compression)

Let the engine be placed on an insulator. The gas is compressed again but adiabatically such that system
return to its initial stats. The work is done as internal energy and temperature of the system increases.

PV Diagram

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 EFFIECIENCY OF CARNOT ENGINE

Sir Muhammad Atif Email

Cell # 03482091331 matifalibaig@gmail.com