MODULE CODE: PASAY-ES9-Q3-W1-D1

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN SCIENCE 9 –EARTH AND SPACE

THIRD QUARTER/ WEEK1/ DAY1
1
OBJECTIVE:
Describe the structure of a volcano and its parts.

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY

What is a volcano?

A volcano is a landform (usually a mountain) where molten rock erupts through the surface
of the planet. In simple terms a volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of a molten
rock (magma) below the surface of the earth. It is a hole in the earth from which the molten rock
and gas erupt.

Volcanoes form when parts of the Earth’s solid mantle melts to form pockets of hot
liquid rock called magma. This magma collects in large pools deep underground known
as magma chambers. As more and more magma is added to the magma chamber, the
pressure increases and causes the rock around the magma chamber to crack. The hot
liquid magma which is lighter than the surrounding rock, is forced upwards through the
cracks in the crust and erupts on land through volcanic vent.

Volcanoes have distinctive

features:
Volcanic bombs

magma chamber - this crater

is where the molten rock is
stored beneath the ground. Main vent

main vent - this is the Secondary

channel through vent
which magma travels to
reach the Earth's surface.
secondary vent - some
magma may escape
through the side of the
volcano, particularly if the
main vent becomes
blocked.
crater - this is found at
the top of the volcano,
where the magma erupts
Magma chamber
from

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Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ___________________

MAIN FEATURES OF A VOLCANO

Magma -molten rock beneath Earth’s surface

Parasitic cone -a small cone- shape volcano formed by accumulation of volcanic

debris.

Sill -a flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack in a volcano.

Vent -an opening in the earth’s surface through which volcanic materials escape.

Flank- the side of a volcano

Lava- molten rock that erupts form a volcano that solidifies as it cools.

Crater – mouth of a volcano, surrounds a volcanic vent.

Conduit an underground passage magma travels through.

Summit the highest point, apex.

Throat entrance of a volcano. The part of the conduit that ejects lava and
volcanic ash.
PARTS OF A VOLCANO
Ash- fragments of lava or rock smaller than 2mm in size that are blasted into the
air by volcanic explosions.

Ash cloud – a cloud of ash formed by volcanic explosions.

©Copyright Mandy Barrow 2013

primaryhomeworkhelp.com

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-ES9-Q3-W1-D1

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ___________________

Activity 1.APPLICATION OF CONCEPTS

Complete the graphic organizer about volcano. You can use any term that describe its structure
and its parts. Give a brief explanation of each term to complete each description.

Example
Magma chamber –
a secondary leaving point
for the magma

VOLCANO

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-ES9-Q3-W1-D1

Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ___________________

Activity 2. Label the parts of o Volcano. Choose your answer in the box.

6.

2. 7.

3.

8.
4.

9.

5.

10.

GENERALIZATION:

A volcano is a conical mountain or hill made up wholly of molten or hot rocks, ashes, lava, and
steam which can escape from magma chamber below the surface due to pressure. Its main
features are magma, parasitic cone, sill, vent, flank, lava, crater, conduit, summit, throat, ash and
ash clouds.

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Name: ________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ___________________

EVALUATION:

DIRECTIONS:

Read each item below carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer before
each number.

___ 1. What is a volcano? It is a _________.

A. Large storm with a very high speed winds.
B. Large cloud that generates rain, hail, and lightning
C. Opening in the earth’s crust where magma erupts to the surface.
D. Violent shaking of the earth that occurs when two tectonic plates bump
each other.
___ 2. What do we call the molten hot liquid rock while it is still below the earth’s surface?
A. Igneous B. lava C. magma D. mauna
___ 3. What kind of rocks are formed when lava from a volcano cools?
A. Igneous b. magma rock C. metamorphic D. sedimentary
___ 4. What is the bowl- shaped basin in the top of volcano?
A. Crater C. sill
B. Conduit D. vent
___ 5. What forms when magma hardens in the pipe of a volcano?
A. Dike B. sill C. volcanic neck d. conduit

Modified True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct if false change the underline
word to make the statement correct.
____________ 1. Volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of a molten rock (lava)
below the surface of the earth.
_____________ 2. The magma chamber is where the molten rock is stored beneath the
ground.
____________ 3. The opening in the earth’s surface through which volcanic materials
escape is called crater.
____________ 4. The secondary vent is the channel through which magma travels to
reach the Earth's surface.

___________ 5. Volcanoes form when parts of the Earth’s solid mantle melts to form pockets
of hot liquid rock called magma.

REFERENCE :
https://www.google.com/search?q=STRUCTURE+of+volcano+and+its+parts&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH809PH811&tbm=isch
&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=LjXTjd3FxmbnGM%252CFIp4iQnaPxtbwM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kSD8E-
https://www.google.com/search?q=structure+of+volcano+with+label
Spiral science 9 by Lahorra et al
Earth science , 10th edition by Tarbuck and Lutgens
Science 9 Module DepEd

Prepared by;
BASILISA D. TOMIMBANG
https://www.google.com/search?q=STRUCTURE+of+volcano+and+its+parts&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH80
PCSHS
H811&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=LjXTjd3FxmbnGM%252CFIp4iQnaPxtbwM%252C

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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-S9ES- Q3-W1-02

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN SCIENCE 9 –EARTH AND SPACE

THIRD QUARTER/ WEEK1/ DAY2

OBJECTIVE: Describe the types of volcano based on structure and activity.

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

What are the types of volcanoes according to structure?

Individual volcanoes vary in the volcanic materials they produce and this affects the size, shape and
structure of the volcanoes . There are three types of volcanoes based on structure: cinder cones (
also called spatter cones) , composite volcanoes ( also called strato volcanoes) and shield
volcanoes.

Type of Volcano Shape Height Slope

Cinder Cone, AKA Symmetrical Cone Up to 1,200 feet ( 370 30- 40 degrees
Scoria Cone meters )
Shield Tall and broad Up to over 30,000 feet Roughly 10 degrees near
( 9,000 meters) the base and 5 degrees near
the top
Composite AKA Strato Tall,steep & Up to 8, 000 feet ( 2,400 Roughly 6 degrees near the
symmetrical meters ) base and roughly 30
degrees near the top

COMPOSITE OR STRATO

Tall, symmetrical shaped and can rise up 8,000 -10,000 feet. It’s explosion emits gases, ash pumice, silica
lava ( called rhyolite ) and deadly mudflows ( lahar ).

Magma inside a composite volcano is rich in silica and much thicker than magma from a shield volcano.
Gases get trapped inside this thicker magma .

Composite volcanoes have much steeper slopes than shield volcanoes.

Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mayon Volcano and Mt. St. Helens in the USA are examples of composite volcanoes.

SHIELD VOLCANO

Big that emits basaltic ( very fluid ) lava has long lasting mudflows , erupts gently and minimal.

They have low slopes and large crater at their summits with flat round shapes around it.

The magma inside a shield volcano is rich in iron, and magnesium and is very fluid.

When shield volcano erupt, the flowing lava gives the volcano the shape of a gently sloping mountain.

Examples: Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Kilauea the youngest and most active Hawaiian Shield volcano.

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

CINDER CONE VOLCANO

The magma inside a cinder cone volcano has large amounts of gas trapped in it.
Eruptions from cinder cone volcanoes are violent and explosive because of all the gas trapped in the
magma.
Cinder cone volcanoes are usually only active for a short time and then becomes dormant ( inactive ).
Cone – shaped volcano whose steep side are formed by loose fragmented cinders that fall to the earth
close to the vent.
There bowl – shaped crater at the top. As the gas filled lava erupts into the air, the lava fragments
into pieces and form a ball cinders.
Mt. Smith and Paricutin in Mexico are examples of cinder cone volcanoes

PRACTICE EXERCISE NO. 1 – A DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES

DIRECTIONS: Complete the table below to distinguish between each of the three types of
volcanoes based on their structure.

TYPE OF
VOLCANO SHAPE HEIGHT SLOPE EXAMPLE

Roughly
Composite AKA 10degrees near
Strato
the base and 5
degrees near the
top

Up to over 30, 000

Tall and Broad feet ( 9,000 Mt. Mauna Loa
meters)

Cinder Cone, AKA

Scoria Cone 30 – 40 degrees

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE NO. 1-B

DIRECTIONS: Write the type of volcano as shown in the picture/diagram below.

Taal Volcano Mt. Pinatubo Mayon Volcano

1. 1._______________________
_ 2. _______________________ 3. ___________________________

__________________ 2. ________________________ 3. _______________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE NO. 2 APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS
Now let’s check your understanding by answering the questions below.
GUIDE QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1. What is the structure of a shield volcano?

2. How would you describe a composite

volcano?

3. What is an example of a composite volcano?

4. What is the difference between a shield

volcano and a composite volcano?

5. What are three common types of volcanoes by

structure?

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

GENERALIZATION:
VOLCANO BASED ON STRUCTURE
There are three types of volcanoes:
1. Shield volcano
2. Composite ( also called stratovolcano)
3. Cinder cones ( also called spatter cones)
I. Shield volcanoes which get their names from their broad rounded shapes are the largest.
Examples: 1. Mauna Loa – rising gradually to more than 4 km. ( 2.5m ) above sea level. Hawaii’s
Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on our planet.
2. Mt. Kilauea
II. Composite volcanoes are the next largest. Ex: Mt. St. Helens
Unlike shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes have a distinctly conical shape, with sides that
steepen toward the summit.
III. Cinder cones are the smallest. These small, straight-sided volcanoes are made of volcanic
fragments, ejected when gas-rich basaltic lava erupts. Ex: Mt. Paricutin

EVALUATION:
I-A Multiple Choice:

DIRECTIONS: Read and analyze each statement carefully then write the letter of the best answer.

1. What type of volcano is formed from continuous lava flows?

A. Cinder C. Shield
B. Composite D. Stratovolcano

2. Which type of volcanoes is made up of alternate solidification of lava and cinders?

A. Cinder C. Dormant
B. Composite D. Shield

3. Which type of volcano has a steep slope and a wide crater?

A. Cinder C. Shield
B. Composite D. Stratovolcano

4. What type of volcano is Taal Volcano?

A. Cinder C. Composite

B. Shield D. Dormant

5. Which type of volcano has a bowl-shaped crater at the top?

A. Composite C. Cinder Cone

B. Dormant D. Shield
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 MODULE CODE: PASAY-S9ES- Q3-W1-02

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

I – B MATCH ME !!!

Match column A with column B

A. B
________1. Kilauea A. low slope and large crater at their summit
________2. Shield B. cone shaped volcanoes
________3. Mauna Loa C. tall, steep and symmetrical
________4. Cinder Cone D. youngest , most active shield volcano
________5. Composite E. world’s largest volcano

REFERENCES:
https://openpress.usask.ca/physicalgeology/chapter11
https://geography.learnon the internet.co.uk>topic>type
Science and Tech. The Next Generation by Santos/Ocampo pp. 258-259
Science Learners Module 9 pp. 175-180
IMAGES:
http://cnnphilippines.com/.imaging/mte/demo-cnn-new/750x450/dam/cnn/2020/1/24/Taal

CNNhttps://image.slidesharecdn.com/mountpinatubo

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/files/2020/07/Mayon_Volcano_July2020.jpghttps://newsinfo.inquirer.net

Prepared by:
ERNA D. DUPITAS
PCSHS

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 PASAY-S9ES-Q3-W1-D3

Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODYUL IN SCIENCE 9
THIRD QUARTER/ WEEK ONE/ DAY THREE

Objective:
Differentiate between active and inactive volcanoes and give examples of each type which are
found in the Philippines

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY

The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7100 islands. Most of these islands are of
volcanic origin. The Philippines lies between the Pacific and Eurasian Plates which makes it highly vulnerable
to typhoons, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The Pacific Ring of Fire that runs at the
western rim of the Pacific Ocean is the most seismically active part of the earth, typified by a belt of active
volcanoes and earthquake generators. Around 20 earthquakes are registered daily, though most are too weak
to be felt. There are about 300 volcanoes in the Philippines. Twenty-two (22) of these are active while the
larger percentage remains dormant as of the record.
CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES

There are several ways by which volcanoes can be classified. An active, inactive (extinct) and
dormant, where dormant volcanoes are considered as an active volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to
erupt again. PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology) have adapted a system where
the Philippine volcanoes as active or inactive. Active volcanoes are those that have a record of eruption
within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analyses of their materials. Active
volcano a volcano that has erupted within the last 600 years and are documented by man or those that
erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analyses of datable materials.

Inactive volcanoes, are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their
physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep long gullies.

A volcano can change at any time and it is difficult to tell whether a volcano is active or inactive.

Active Volcanoes in the Philippines

Mount Mayon – Albay
Mount Mayon, one of the most impressive Philippine landmarks, with an elevation of 2,462 meters, and is the
most active volcano in the Philippines. Based on recorded history of the country, this almost perfect cone
volcano in Albay erupted at least 51 times from 1616 up to present. The first recorded eruption of Mount
Mayon was seen in February 1616 by Dutch explorer Joris Van Spilbergen. One of the most remarkable and
most devastating eruptions of Mount Mayon was its eruption in 1766 that erased the town of Cagsawa in the
Philippine map. Only the bell tower of Cagsawa Church remained above the new surface. This 1766 volcanic
eruption killed 2,200 people in Albay. Though other estimates put the death toll at 1,200 people killed. Ash was
reported to be as deep as 30 feet (9 meters).

Taal Volcano – Batangas

Taal Volcano, situated within Taal Lake, has always been known to be one of the most active volcanoes in the
country and in fact tagged as the world’s most active smallest volcano. This volcano located in Batangas
province had erupted 33 times from 1572 to the present. Taal Volcano had its largest eruption in 1754 that
lasted from May through December. The January 1911 eruption of the Taal Volcano is considered as one of
the most devastating of the volcano’s history killing a reported 1,335 lives. This volcanic explosion was heard
over 600 miles away. Its last eruption occurred in July 2009 and is currently closely monitored for its abnormal
activities which may result to another eruption of this small but very active volcano. It has an elevation of 400
meters. There has not been an actual eruption of Taal Volcano since 1977, there are many earthquakes in the
area and the volcano is off limits to the public. The main today is that there could be steam explosions.

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

Mount Kanlaon – Negros Oriental

With an elevation of 2.435 meters, one of the most active Philippine volcanoes is Mount Kanlaon or Kanlaon
Volcano. It had erupted at least 28 times already from 1886 up to the present. Its last major eruption happened
in 1996. This August 1996 volcanic eruption trapped 24 hikers on the mountain, when the Kanlaon Volcano
erupted without any warning, killing 3 of these hikers. Kanloan Volcano last erupted in 2016. This 2016
eruption produced a thunderous boom shooting a smoke plume into the air for 1500 meters above the crater.
Fireballs also shot out of the crater causing brush fires in the area.

Didicas Volcano - Cagayan

One of the smallest and most active volcanoes in the Philippines is Dicicas Volcano located in Cagayan
province. With an elevation of 244 meters only it had already erupted 7 times from 1773 up to 1990.

Dequey – Batanes
Dequey Volcano, an underwater volcano, is located in the smallest province of the Philippines – Batanes. With
an elevation of -24 meters above sea level, it has been known to have erupted 3 times - 1773, 1850, and 1854.
It is considered as Philippine most active undersea volcano.

Inactive Volcano in the Philippines

If there was an active volcano, there are also not. especially in the Philippines. All-known located in the
Pacific Ring of Fire. Let us know some of the inactive volcanoes in the Philippines.

Alligator Lake
Tadlac Lake, also colloquially known as Alligator Lake, is a freshwater crater lake located in Barangay Tadlac,
in the municipality of Los Baños of Laguna province in the Philippines.

Anilao Hill
Anilao Hill is a mountain and is located in the Province of Batangas, Calabarzon, Philippines. The estimated
terrain elevation above sea level is 248 meters. Variant forms of spelling for Anilao Hill or in other languages:
Anilao Hill (fil), Anilao Hill.

Mount Atimbia
Mount Tagapo, also known as Susong Dalaga mountain, is a conical peak on the lake island of Talim on
Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines. The mountain ridge is 438 m (1,437 ft) in elevation and the
highest point of Talim Island.[1] The peak falls under the jurisdiction of the towns of Binangonan and Cardona
in Rizal province.

Mount Bagacay
Mount Bagacay is a mountain and is located in the Province of Camarines Norte, Bicol, Philippines. The
elevation above sea level is 787 meters.

Mount Balikabok
Balikabok is next to Mount Dangas and is located in the Province of Zambales, Central Luzon, Philippines.

EXERCISE 1
Active and Inactive Volcanoes

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions.

1. It is the most seismically active part of the earth, typified by a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake
generators.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the (3) three categories of a volcano?

________________________________________________________________________________

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

3. What are the two systems adapted by PHIVOLCS in classifying the volcanoes?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Differentiate the two systems adapted by PHIVOLCS in classifying the volcanoes.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why do we have to study active volcanoes more than inactive ones?
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Do we still need to study inactive volcanoes? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2.
Volcanoes in the Philippines
(Adopted from Science 9 Learner’s Module)

Objective:
• classify volcanoes as active or inactive

Materials:
Philippine map
colored pens
triangle ruler

Procedure:
1. Using the Philippine map (fig. 3), plot the location of the following volcanoes.
Assign colors for the volcanoes. Indicate this in the legend.

Table 1. List of some volcanoes in the Philippines

Volcano Latitude Longitude Number of historical Latest eruption or
eruptions activity
Cabaluyan 15042’ 120019’ 0 -
Cocoro 10053’ 121012’ 0 -
0
Iraya 20 29’ 124° 01′ 1 1454
Kanlaon 10° 24′ 123° 7′ 26 2006 June
Mayon 13° 15′ 123° 41′ 49 2013 May
Pulung 7° 55′ 124038’ 0 -
0
Smith 19° 32′ 121 55’ 6 1924
Taal 140 120059 33 1977
0
Tamburok 11° 33′ 124 26’ 0 -
Urot 5° 59′ 121° 15′ 0 -
(Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, accessed Sept. 30, 2013)

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

Fig. 3. Map of the Philippines (Source: Gr 8 LM, UPNISMED)

Choose your shape and color is based on the legend below.
Legend:
Blue = volcano that has no record of eruption
Yellow = volcano that has erupted 1 to 5 times
Green = volcano that has erupted 6 to 10 times
Red = volcano that has erupted more than 10 times

Answer the following questions:

Q1. Are all the volcanoes found in the same location?
____________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Which of the volcanoes had the most number of eruptions? the least number of eruptions? no record
of eruption?
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Q3. How will you classify the volcanoes that have records of eruptions?
_______________________________________________________________________________
Q4. How will you classify volcanoes with no record of eruption?
_____________________________________________________________________________
Q5. In your own words, differentiate an active volcano from an inactive one.
______________________________________________________________________________

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: ______________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

EVALUATION:
DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

____ 1. Which of the following are active volcanoes?

I. Mayon in Albay
II.Taal in Batangas
III. Vulcan in Camiguin
IV. Kanlaon in Negros Oriental
A. I and II only C. I, II, and III only
B. II and III only D. I, II, and IV only
___ 2. Where can we found the majority of the active volcanoes in the Philippines?
A. CALABARZON C. Mindanao
B. Luzon D. Visayas
___ 3. It is considered as Philippine most active undersea volcano.
A. Dequey Volcano C. Musuan Volcano
B. Mount Parker D. Smith Volcano
___ 4. What is the smallest and most active volcano in the Philippines?
A. Dequey Volcano C. Mount Parker
B. Didicas Volcano D. Musuan Volcano
___ 5. What is the most active volcano in the Philippines?
A. Mount Kanlaon C. Mount Mayon
B. Mount Makaturing D. Mount Ragang
___ 6. What agency in the Philippines is principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise
from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami, and other related geotectonic phenomena?
A. DENR C. PHIVOLCS
B. DOST D. USGS
___ 7. Are all the volcanoes found in the same location?
A. No. They are found at the edge of the plates.
B. No. They are found in different places in the Philippines.
C. Yes. They are concentrated in the northern part o the Philippines.
D. Yes. They are concentrated in the southern part of the Philippines.
___ 8. How will you classify the volcanoes that have records of eruptions?
A. active C. extinct
B. dormant D. inactive
___ 9. How will you classify volcanoes with no record of eruption?
A. active C. erupting
B. dormant D. inactive
___ 10. Active volcanoes can produce a thunderous boom shooting a smoke plume into the air. What
is the active volcano that shot out fireballs from its crater causing brush fires in the area?
A. Mount Banahaw C. Mount Hibok-Hibok
B. Mount Bulusan D. Mount Kanlaon

References:
https://sciencelife09.wixsite.com/website/single-post/2017/12/08/Top-10-Active-Volcanoes-in-the-Philippines
https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/voices-dead-or-alive-or-neither-why-dormant-volcano-not-dead-one
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/ChedRavenPatalinghug-2343981-active-inactive-volcanoes/
Science 9 Learner’s Material, pgs. 7 - 10

Prepared by
ALMEDA D. DELIMA
Pasay City South High School

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN SCIENCE 9-EARTH and SPACE

Third Quarter - W1 - D4

Objective:
Describe the different types of volcanic eruption and enumerate the signs of an impending volcanic
eruption

Your Lesson for Today

Types of volcanic eruptions

(Adopted from Science 9 Learner’s Module)

Volcanoes erupt differently. They are generally classified as wet or dry depending on the magma’s water
content. Volcanoes are described according to the style of eruption as follows:

a. Phreatic or hydrothermal – is a stream-driven eruption

as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is
shortlived, characterized by ash columns but may
be an onset of a larger eruption. Shown on the right
is our Taal Volcano in Batangas.

b. Phreatomagmatic – is a violent eruption due to

the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large
column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway
emission of pyroclastics called base surges are observed.

Fig. 7. Taal Volcano (Photo credits: USGS)

c. Strombolian - a periodic weak to violent eruption

characterized by fountain lava, just like the Irazu
Volcano in Costa Rica. It is named after the
volcano Stromboli, which has been erupting nearly
continuously for centuries.
Strombolian eruptions are driven by the bursting
of gas bubbles within the magma. This gas
bubbles within the magma accumulate and
coalesce into large bubbles, called gas slugs.

Fig. 8. Irazu Volcano (Photo credit: USGS)

d. Vulcanian – characterized by tall eruption columns that
reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and
ashfall tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.
Vulcanian eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption
named after the volcano Vulcano.
In Vulcanian eruptions, intermediate viscous magma
within the volcano make it difficult for vesiculate gases
to escape. Similar to Strombolian eruptions, this leads
to the buildup of high gas pressure, eventually popping
the cap holding the magma down and resulting in an
explosive eruption. However,unlike Strombolian
eruptions, ejected lava fragments are not aerodynamic;
this is due to the higher viscosity of Vulcanian
magma and the greater incorporation of Fig. 9. Paricutin Volcano (Photo credits: USGS)
crystalline material broken off from the
former cap. They are also more explosive than
their Strombolian counterparts.Lastly, Vulcanian deposits are andesitic to dacitic rather than basaltic.
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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

e. Plinian – excessively explosive type of eruption

of gas and pyroclastics, just like our Pinatubo
Volcano in Zambales.
Plinian eruptions (or Vesuvian eruptions) a
type of volcanic eruption named for
the historical eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
that buried the Roman towns of Pompeii and
Herculaneum and, specifically, for its
chronicler Pliny the Younger.The process
powering Plinian eruptions starts in the
magma chamber, where dissolved volatile
gases are stored in the magma. Fig. 10. Pinatubo Volcano (Photo credits: USGS)

Now that you have learned about the types of volcanic eruptions, it’s time to find out signs of an
impending volcanic eruption

How can we tell when a volcano will erupt?

Can you predict a volcanic eruption? *Volcanologists can predict eruptions—if they have a thorough
understanding of a volcano's eruptive history if they can install the proper instrumentation on a volcano well in
advance of an eruption, and if they can continuously monitor and adequately interpret data coming from that
equipment. Here are the 10 Signs of Impending Volcanic Eruption:

1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds; the occurrence of volcanic
tremors.

2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to
entrained ash.

3. Crater glow due to the presence of magma at or near the crater.

4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt, and ground fissuring due to magma intrusion.

5. Localized landslides, rockfalls, and landslides from the summit area which not attributable to
heavy rains.

6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano’s upper slopes.

7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, a wells crater lake near the volcano.

8. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes within the vicinity of the
volcano.

9. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano.

10. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones; the appearance of solfatara.
(A solfatara is a volcanic vent emitting only sulfurous gases and water vapor or sometimes hot mud.)

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Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

Exercise 1
Types of volcanic eruptions

Answer the following :

1. How are volcanic eruptions classified?

____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Based on the discussion, what are the types of volcanic eruptions? Describe each type of volcanic
eruption.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. What type of volcanic eruption is also called as Vesuvian eruptions a type of volcanic eruption
named for the historical eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD ?
_____________________________________________________________________________________

4. What volcanic eruption is more explosive than their Strombolian?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why does Phreatic or hydrothermal has short lived?
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2
Signs of Impending Volcanic Eruption

1. How can we predict a volcanic eruption?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. In your own word explain the different signs of impending volcanic eruption:

a. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds; occurrence of volcanic
tremors.
______________________________________________________________________________

b. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to
entrained ash.
______________________________________________________________________________

c. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater.

______________________________________________________________________________

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 PASAY-S9ES-Q3-W1-D4

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

d. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt, and ground fissuring due to magma intrusion.
______________________________________________________________________________

e. Localized landslides, rockfalls, and landslides from the summit area which not attributable to
heavy rains.
_______________________________________________________________________________
f. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano’s upper
slopes.
_______________________________________________________________________________
g. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, a wells crater lake near the volcano.
_______________________________________________________________________________
h. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes within the vicinity of the
volcano.
______________________________________________________________________________
i. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano.
______________________________________________________________________________
j. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones; appearance of solfatara.
_____________________________________________________________________________

EVALUATION:
A. Matching Type; Match column A with column B by writing your answer on the space provided for.
A B
____ 1. Phreatic or hydrothermal A. excessively explosive type of eruption
____ 2. Plinian of gas and pyroclastics
____ 3. Vulcanian B. is a violent eruption due to the contact
____ 4. Strombolian between water and magma
____ 5. Phreatomagmatic C. is a stream-driven eruption as the hot
rocks come in contact with water
D. characterized by tall eruption columns that
reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow
an ashfall tephra
E. a periodic weak to violent eruption
characterized by fountain lava

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 PASAY-S9ES-Q3-W1-D4

Name: ___________________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Section : ___________________

B. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

____ 1. It is a geologist who studies the processes involved in the formation and eruptive activity of
volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions?
A. Archaelogist C. Paleontologist
B. Geographer D. Volcanologists

____ 2. How do scientists predict volcanic eruptions?

I. a thorough understanding of a volcano's eruptive history
II. install the proper instrumentation on a volcano well in advance of an eruption
III. continuously monitor and adequately interpret data coming from that equipment

A. I only C. III only

B. II only D. I, II, III

____ 3.It is a volcanic vent emitting only sulfurous gases and water vapor or sometimes hot mud.
A. solfatara C. sulfaphura
B. soltara D. sulphura

____ 4. An increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds is one of the signs
of impending volcanic eruption, what do you call this sound?
A. earthquake ultrasonic C. volcano acoustic
B. harmonic tremor D. volcano ultrasound

____ 5. What government agency in our country has the authority to give warnings about the
impending volcanic eruption?
A. ASTI C. PNRI
B. PHIVOLCS D. TAPI

Prepared by:

ALMEDA D. DELIMA
PASAY CITY SOUTH HIGH SCHOOL

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