ABSTRACT

A water level indicator circuit using transistors is a simple and inexpensive

circuit that can be used for indicating the water level in a tank or reservoir.
The circuit comprises a few basic electronic components such as
transistors, resistors, diodes, and LEDs. The circuit works by detecting the
presence of water using two metal electrodes, which are placed inside the
tank or reservoir. When the water level rises above one of the electrodes, it
completes a circuit that activates the transistor and turns on an LED
indicating the water level has reached above that electrode. The circuit can
be easily customized for different water tank sizes by adjusting the resistor
values. This circuit is reliable, cost-effective, and requires minimal
maintenance, making it ideal for households, farms, and small industries.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 COMPONENTS
Quantit
Name Image
y

BC547
4
Transistor

220-ohm
6
resistor

Color LED 3

Buzzer (12V) 1

9V Battery

+ 5

Battery Clips

Breadboard 1

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 Working Model of the Circuit

Insert BC547 transistor on the breadboard. The left one is collector, the middle one is base
and the last one is the emitter. Insert the other two transistors as well on the breadboard.
Connect 220 ohms resistors to al the collector terminals of the transistor of the breadboard.
Now insert the green Led with its anode to the emitter of first transistor and cathode to the
negative rail of the breadboard and do the same for white and red LEDs. Now connect the
buzzer on the breadboard. Connect the negative wire of the buzzer to the negative rail of the
breadboard and positive wire to the emitter of the third transistor. Connect one wire each to
the base of the transistors. Dip the other end of the wire in the container with water, it is
important to dip the wires in the water level-wise and not keep the bare ends of the wire on
the same level. Connect the power to the circuit and start adding water to the bowl and see
the LED's light up sequentially and the buzzer buzzing at the end. When we power the circuit
via a 9V or 5V battery the circuit is in off state there is no current flow through the transistors
and the remaining circuit. When we dip the base terminals of all the transistors one by one in
water and also add the +Ve terminal of the battery to water tank, a current in micro Ampers
starts flowing via base terminal. This leads to the switching of the transistors to ON state. As
the water level in the mug or tank rises the other base terminals also gets connected to the
battery via water and thus other LEDs and buzzer finally starts glowing.

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 Live Demonstration Pictures of
Working Model of the Project
1. For level 0 (where no LED glows and buzzer doesn’t makes sound)

2. For level 1 (where 1 LED glows and buzzer doesn’t makes sound)

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3. For level 2 (where 2 LED glows and buzzer doesn’t makes sound)

4. For level 3 (where 3 LED glows and buzzer doesn’t makes sound)

5. For level 4 (where 3 LED glows and buzzer makes sound)

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APPLICATIONS
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1. Water tank level control
2. Automatically turn ON/OFF water pumps
3. It is used in factories, commercial complexes, apartments,
homes,
4. Fuel tank level indicator
5. Oil tank level control and indicator
6. High & low-level alarms
7. Pool water level control
8. Leach-ate level control
9. Cooling tower water level control
10. Sewage pump level control
11. Remote monitoring liquid
12. Pump controller Auto
13. Stream level monitoring auto

Conclusion
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In conclusion, the water-level indicator circuit using a transistor is a
simple and effective way of monitoring the water levels in a
container. The circuit works by using the conductivity of water to
trigger the base of a transistor, which in turn activates an LED or a
buzzer to signal the water level. This circuit can be easily built using
basic electronic components and is an affordable way to ensure that
your water tanks or reservoirs are not over or under-filled.
Additionally, this circuit can be modified to include more sensors or
to trigger a pump to maintain the desired water level. Overall, the
water-level indicator circuit using a transistor is a useful tool for
anyone who needs to monitor water levels.

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