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RIZAL LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS

PROLOGUE
Rizal and His Times  In Rizal’s times, two European nations (Italians
and Germans) Succeeded in unifying their
countries
 February 19, 1861  The Italians under the leadership of Count
Czar Alexander II issued a proclamation Cavour and of Garibaldi and his Army of “Red
emancipating 22,500,00 serfs Shirts” drove out the Austrians and French
Armies from Italy and proclaimed the Kingdom
of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel, with
 April 12, 1861 Rome as capital city.
American Civil War (1861-1865) erupted.  The Prussians led by Otto von Bismarck, the
This conflict pushed President Lincoln to issue the “Iron Chancellor”, defeated France in the
Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1863 Franco-Prussian War and established the
freeing Negros Slaves German empire on January 18, 1871, with King
Wilhelm of Prussia as first Kaiser of the
German Empire.
 June 1, 1861  Emperor Napoleon III’s Second French Empire
A full-blooded Zapotec Indian (Benito collapsed after his defeat in the Franco-Prussian
Juarez) was elected President of Mexico War.
 After the collapse of the Second French Empire,
the Third French Republic arose, with Adolph
 April 1862 Thiers as first President.
A year after Juarez’ election, Napoleon III  England emerged as the world’s leading
of the Second French Empire sent French imperialist power
troops which invaded and conquered Mexico  The British people during the glorious reign of
due to his imperialistic desire to secure a Queen Victoria (1837-1901) proudly asserted:
colonial stake in Latin America. “Britannia rules the waves.”
 Second Opium War (1856-1860)
President Juarez was not able to obtain England won again and forced the helpless
military aid from President Lincoln but Manchu dynasty to cede the Kowloon peninsula
continued to resist the French invaders with opposite Hong Kong.
his valiant Indian and Mexican freedom  1859
fighters After suppressing the Indian Rebellion and
dismantling the Mogul Empire, England imposed raj
 June 12, 1864 (rule) over the subcontinent of India (now consisting
Napoleon III installed Archduke Maximilian of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh)
of Austria as puppet emperor of Mexico at
Mexico City to consolidate his occupation of
Mexico. 
 May 15, 1867
After American Civil war ended, Juarez
(with support from U.S.) defeated the
French forces in the battle of Queretaro

 June 19, 1867


Maximilian execution…Dasurv.

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