Anagram

ensi
sine
nosice
cosine
nattneg
tangent
gotcanent
cotangent
nacets
secant
nosetanc
cosecant
SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Sine ∅ =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Cosine ∅ =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Tangent ∅ =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Cotangent ∅ =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Secant ∅ =
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆

ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Cosecant ∅ =
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
lecopircar
tidenyti
reciprocal identity
drupoct
yettinid
product identity
notquite
ineditty
quotient identity
phyganotear
deytinit
pythagorean identity
Fundamental
identities
 t𝑎𝑛 – sin − cos ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛

 1. Any function is equal to 1 divided by

the function opposite it, or the product
Sec ∅ Csc ∅ of two opposite functions equals 1.
 (Reciprocal Identity)
 Examples:
1
Tan ∅ 1 Cot ∅  sin ∅ = 𝑐𝑠𝑐∅ sin∅ csc ∅ = 1

Sin ∅ + Cos ∅
 t𝑎𝑛 – sin − cos ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛

 2. Any function is equal to the product

sec ∅ csc ∅
of two function between it lies.
 (Product Identity)
 Example:

tan ∅ 1 cot ∅ sin ∅ = cos ∅ tan ∅

sin ∅ + cos ∅
 t𝑎𝑛 – sin − cos ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛

 3. Any function is equal to the quotient

sec ∅ csc ∅ of one adjacent function divided by
the one next to it.
 (Quotient Identity)
 Examples:
tan ∅ 1 cot ∅ sin ∅ =
cos ∅
or
tan ∅
sin ∅ = sec ∅
cot ∅

sin ∅ + cos ∅
 t𝑎𝑛 – sin − cos ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛

 The quantity at the top of a triangle in

the tan- sin-cos hexagon is equal to
the sum of the quantities at the base .
sec 2 ∅ csc 2 ∅
 (Pythagorean Identity)
= =
 Example:
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ∅ = tan2 ∅ + 1
tan2 ∅ + 1 + cot 2 ∅
=

sin2 ∅ cos 2 ∅
+
 Several strategies to use when you prove identities

1. Know the fundamental identities and look for ways to apply them.
2. Write all the expressions in terms of sines and cosines
3. If you choose to work with only one side of an identity, continuously refer back to the
other side to see what you are trying to obtain.
4. When one side contains only one trigonometric function, attempt to rewrite all the
functions on the other side in terms of that function.
5. Use the Pythagorean identities to substitute for expressions equal to 1.
6. Perform algebraic operations
a. Factor
b. ;Simplify complex rational expressions.
c. Find the LCD and combine fractions.
d. Combine like terms.
e. Multiply both numerator and denominator by the same expression to obtain an
equivalent fraction.
f. Replace a binomial with a monomial.
 EXAMPLES

A. Establish the identity: sin∅ sec∅ cot ∅ = 1

1−sin2 ∅
B. Establish the identity: = sin∅ cos∅
cot ∅

C. Establish the identity: (csc∅ -1)(sin∅ +1) = cos∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑡∅

D. Express as a single trigonometric function:

tan2 ∅+sin2 ∅+cos2 ∅
Take Note:

Proving an identity is not the same as

solving an equation. The vertical line
separating the left side from the right side
is used to show that each side is done
independently. Thus, such equation-
solving techniques as operating on both
sides are not to be used in the proof of an
identity.
 1−cos2∅ sin ∅ 2
1. 2 = ( )
cos ∅ cos ∅
2.
sin2 ∅ +cos2 ∅ 1 2
2 =
cos ∅ cos ∅
 cos 𝛼 1
3. 2 =
1−sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜆
4. =sin 𝜆
sin 𝜆
 1 cot 𝛼
5. = 2 2
tan 𝛼 sin 𝛼+cos 𝛼
 1+cot2𝛼
6. 2 =1
csc 𝛼
 1+cos 𝜇
7. =sec 𝜇 +1
cos 𝜇
 csc2𝜇−1
8. 2 =cos 2
𝜇
csc 𝜇
 sin 2
𝛼
9. 2 =sec 2
𝛼 −1
1−sin 𝛼
10.
csc 𝛽−sec 𝛽
cot 𝛽 − 1 =
sec 𝛽
 Prove the following identities:

1 + sin ⊖ Cos ⊖
20. sec⊖ - tan⊖ =
17. = Sec ⊖ + tan⊖ 1+ sin ⊖
Cos ⊖

18. cos 2 ⊖
1– = Sin ⊖ 21. 1 + tan⊖ cot⊖ + 1
=
1 + sin ⊖ 1- tan⊖ cot⊖ - 1

Sin ⊖
19. Csc ⊖ - cot ⊖ =
1 + cos⊖
 Examples
1 1
 Prove: 2 sec 2 𝜃 = +
1−sin 𝜃 1+sin 𝜃
1 1
2 sec 2 𝜃 +
1−sin 𝜃 1+sin 𝜃
(1+sin 𝜃)+(1−sin 𝜃)
(1−sin 𝜃)(1+sin 𝜃)
2
1−sin2 𝜃
2 cos2 𝜃
= 2 sec 2 𝜃
 cos2 𝜃 sec 𝜃−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
 Prove: 2 =
1+2 sin 𝜃+sin 𝜃 sec 𝜃+tan 𝜃
cos2 𝜃 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
2 −
1+2 sin 𝜃+sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1−sin2 𝜃 1 sin 𝜃
+
(1+sin 𝜃)(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
( − )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) cos 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1 sin 𝜃
( + )𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
=
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Prove each identity:

 11. sin2 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sec 𝜃 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃

1
 12. =𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜙
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙
1
 13. 2
sin 𝛽 = 1 − 2
sec 𝛽
cos 𝛽 cot 𝛽
 14. − = − cos 2 𝛽 cot 2 𝛽
sec 𝛽 tan 𝛽
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆
 15. =1 − sin 𝜆
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜆+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜆
 Prove each identity.

cot 𝛼 cos 𝛼
 32. + = (sec 𝛼)(sin2 𝛼 + csc 𝛼)
1−sin2 𝛼 csc2 𝛼 −1

 33. (5 cos 𝜃 + 12 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)^2 + (12 cos 𝜃 − 5 sin 𝜃)^2 =13

−2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
 34. =1 + sin 𝛼 + cos 𝛼
1−sin 𝛼 −cos 𝛼
2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
 35. = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + cos 𝜃 + 1
sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃 −1
sin 𝛼 −cos 𝛼−1 cos 𝛼+1
 36. =−
sin 𝛼+cos 𝛼 −1 sin 𝛼