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Eor 3
Eor 3
Eor 3
1
Increasing Temperature Lowers Viscosity...
Fig. 11-1 2
Single-Parameter Viscosity Correlation
Fig. 11-5
Two-parameter correlation
B/T
2 Ae
Andrade equation
3
Thermal Properties of Water
Table 11-2
4
Pressure-Specific Volume of Water
Fig. 11-4
5
Enthalpy of Water...
Fig. 11-3
6
Thermal Properties of Selected Rocks
Table 11-3 7
Graphical Construction of Hot Water Flood
Fig. 11-6
8
How Heat is Lost...
9
Heat Loss Sources...
Surface equipment
Rock and water in formation
From wellbore
To adjacent strata
10
Water Issues...
11
Losses to Rock and Water
12
Schematic Temperature Profile in Drill Hole
Fig. 11-7
13
Wellbore Heat Loss
15
Thermal Methods
Process variations
Physical properties
16
Losses to Adjacent Strata...
Fig. 11-13 17
Thin Reservoirs Lose Heat
18
Effect of Oil Saturation, Reservoir Thickness, and
Net/Gross Ratio
19
Ways to Control Heat Loss...
Restrict application
Avoid deep reservoirs
Avoid low porosity reservoirs
Operational considerations
Inject at large rate
Reduce rate after breakthrough
20
Steam Quality Drop in Steam Pipelines
Xsf = Xwh - Q L/ M Lv
S = ά E (Tc-Tf)
Fig. 11-18 24
Midway Sunset Response
26
Kern River 10 Pattern
In seven yr test
18.6 MM bbls steam inj
3 MM bbls oil recovered
Cum OSR = 0.16
SOR ~ 6.15
37% oil recovery
27
Ten-Pattern Performance Well...
1/OSR
Cumulative
Table 11-5
28
Gravity Override...
Kern River
Overburden
Underburden
100000
Oil Rate (BOPD)
100
Water Cut (%)
10
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Injection Phase:
High quality steam is
injected into a producer.