CT2012 - Deployable Structures

- Concepts and Explorations

Tutors:
Japan Shah
Anand Vishwanathan
Priyanka Baghel (TA)
Umang Lapsiwala (TA) Chintan Shah UG190288
 Ex-1 Fascinating Deployable Geometries
in Living Organisms

Deployability of peacock wings

Tutors:
Japan Shah
Anand Vishwanathan
Priyanka Baghel (TA)
Chintan Shah UG190288
Umang Lapsiwala (TA)
Deployment of Peacock’s Tail Wing
The bird lifts its tail to form a fan. The full fan is semicircular, a half-moon expanse.
Once lifted, the tail is shaken sensuously—the motions making the tail look like
ripples of water. The bird also does some legwork—it will go round in neat circles.
And very often, there is no peahen by the time the big bird is done with its.
When courting peahens, Indian and green peacocks unfurl their trains into upright,
semi-circular shapes that can be up to 7 feet wide and 3 feet tall. They are known
to rattle their bodies, so their iridescent feathers catch the sunlight and appear to
shimmer.
Structural member supporting the feather. Wings used by peacock to fly.

The pictorial representation of deployement of peacocks wings.

Deployment of Peacock’s Tail Wing
Even though there is a basic similarity with a flight feather, the
peacock tail feather has an unusual overlapping barbule structure.
The barbules are like long segmented ribbons which overlap to
form a smooth surface on top of the barbs. (Under a microscope
the barbules are slightly curved, and the surface has a bubbly
appearance.) Each barbule contains at least 20 separate segments.
Since a large peacock feather contains up to one million barbules,
there may around 20 million barbule segments in a large peacock
feather.

Geometrical significance of the peacocks feather.

Detailed view of eye pattern of peacock wings.

 Ex-2: Deployable Geometries
in Household Objects

Foldable Chair for camping

Deployed stage of chair Undeployed stage

Tutors:
Japan Shah
Anand Vishwanathan
Priyanka Baghel (TA)
Chintan Shah UG190288
Umang Lapsiwala (TA)
Foldable Chair
This Chair can be used for different purposes.
There are several advantages of this chair such as :
• Easy transportation: One can easily fold this chair and carry it.
• Easy Useablity: As the chair opens and closes easily.
• Comfortable: It has two arm rest, back rest as well as the cupholder.
• Compact design: It compacts to much smaller dimensions when folded.
• Durable: It can carry load upto 150 kgs and the strength of tube &
Fabric is very high.

Pictures showing Deployed and undeployed stage of chair

Different types of high density polymer used to server different purposes.

Detailed drawings
Plan Stages of deployement

Front elevation
Side elevation
Detailed drawings of high density polymer at base Detailed drawings of high density polymer at seat level

35 7 13 25

23 23
27 24
34 35 35

55 55 55 55 55 7 55
7
32 7 7
21 25
21 21
13 13

25 55 7 25
25 24 24
55

25
25

24 7 24
23 55
55

Detailed drawings of high density polymer used at different places.

42
60 60

37
23 27 21 41 23

2 0 10 30 60

Note:-
All the dimensions are in mm.
3D Rendered views
Load distribution diagram

Scan QR Code or click on the link for animation video

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RHxmy7tLY8Jbc_
ZFrSmN4ixZGotLJyg_/view?usp=sharing

The Cloth on which load is directly given acts in tension.

The load from the ends of cloth travel through the pipes to the ground.
 Ex-3 Market Study of Materials
and their Properties

Paper tubes

Tutors:
Japan Shah
Anand Vishwanathan
Priyanka Baghel (TA)
Chintan Shah UG190288
Umang Lapsiwala (TA)
Cardboard tubes
Shapes of cardboard tubes
Most paper tubes have a cylindrical shape or
round cross-section, but paper tubes can be
made with:
• Square
• Oval
• Hexagonal
• Triangular

Why are circular shapes are used?

Round tube has a higher resistance to both flex
and torsional twisting than square for a given
weight.
Paper tubes consist of paper or paperboard sheet layers wound together to
form strong, hollow cylindrical shapes. The paper layers are laminated or Uses of cardboard tubes
bonded together using adhesives. The wall thickness of the tube can vary
depending on the number of layers wrapped during manufacturing. • Construction
Some qualities of Cardboard of paper tubes are as follows: • Beverages packaging
• Corrosion Resistant • Paper Industry
• Lightweight • Adhesive Tapes
• Tough and impact resistance • Electronic
• Accurate dimensions • Textile
• Easy to maintain & Transport • Foil Industry
• Low cost • Spacing
• Sturdy in nature
• Sustainable & Eco friendly
• Sound & Electrical insulating properties.
Cardboard tubes
Types of cardboard tubes. Available sizes in cardboard tubes & Costing
The two main types of paper tubes and cores include spiral wound and Cross Section Circular
convolute or parallel wound paper tubes. Inner Diameter (ID)
1 inch 25.4mm
1.25 inch 32mm
1.75 inch 44mm
2 inch 50mm
2.25 inch 57mm
2.5 inch 63.5mm
3 inch 76mm
3.25 inch 83mm
4 inch 101.6mm
5 inch 152.4mm
A spiral wound tube has the paper ply In convolute tubes, the outer two edges
Thickness 2 -25mm
wrapped around at an angle to the tube’s of the paper strip are wrapped parallel
axis. or at a 90-degree angle to the tube‘s Length 80mm to 4000mm
axis. Density 690 kg/m3
Uses: Price 30-50 Rs/kg
Uses:
• Yarn winding
• Paper and paper board
• FAX
• STD rolls
• Coated abrasives Test on cardboard tubes
• Plastic films and rubber sheet
• Tissue paper tubes 1. Flexural Stiffness
• Woven and nonwoven textiles
2. Flat Crush Side-to-Side Crush Test
• Metal sheet and foil
Features: 3. Radial Crush Test
• Carpeting and flooring
• Moisture resistance 4. Dynamic Load Test
• Light in weight 5. Static Chuck Chew-Out Resistance
Features:
• Uniform thickness
• high strength
Manufacturing Process of Cardboard tubes
1 2 3

Cardboard Paper rolls are used as a raw material for Big rolls are cut into small rolls The edges are cut off to avoid any irregularity due to
making cardboard tubes. damage.

4 5 6

Small rolls are separated after cutting. Small rolls are loaded on machine for further Paper from different rolls are moved further with
process. the help of rollers.
 Manufacturing Process of Cardboard tubes
7 8 9

Strong adhesive is applied on the surface of the paper. Finally the paper stickes around the rod which rotates Labelling is done simulataneously in the process.
as well as move foward.

10 11 12

The cutter at the end cuts the tube in the desired size The Tubes are collected after cutting, the production After manufacturing tubes are packaged for
which is required. rate depends upon the speed of the machine. It varies transportation.
from 75m/min to 160m/min.
Joineries in Cardboard tubes

Image showing joinery between two tubes. Detailed view of joinery between two pipes.
MDF is used for joining multiple tubes

the Cardboard tubes can be use for the overhang, Detailed view of joinery of cardboard tube with timber Timber used as a joinery for multiple tubes.
ceiling/ roof support, etc.
Joineries in Cardboard tubes

Detailed view of joinery of cardboard tube with timber the Cardboard tubes can be use for making trusses.
Source: TU Delft open journals

the Cardboard tubes can be use for making trusses. Detailed view of joinery of cardboard tube with timber Detailed view of joinery of cardboard tube with Metal
Paper Palace in Hanover by Shigeru Ban
Paper log house by Shigeru Ban

Paper dome by Shigeru Ban

Ex.4
Explorations in Origami Tessellations
& Scissor Configurations

Tutors:
Japan Shah Chintan Shah
Anand Vishwanathan UG190288
Origami Tessellations
Variations of accordion fold
Origami Tessellations
Variations of accordion fold
Origami Tessellations
Accordion Fold Radial Folding plate
Scissor Configurations
Undeployed Stage Interim Stage Deployed Stage

55
420

105 595

150 20
Scissor Configurations
Undeployed Stage Interim Stage Deployed Stage

120
295 305

165
170 285
Scissor Configurations
Undeployed Stage Interim Stage Deployed Stage
 Deployed Stage
Scissor Configurations
Undeployed Stage Interim Stage
Scissor Configurations
Undeployed Stage Interim Stage Deployed Stage

250
40
335
315

225
60
Scissor Configurations
Scissor Configurations
Undeployed Stage Interim Stage Deployed Stage Plan

240

240

Elevation

90

240
 Ex-5 : Case study of a deployable structure

Milwaukee Art Museum

Tutors:
Japan Shah
Anand Vishwanathan
Priyanka Baghel (TA)
Chintan Shah UG190288
Umang Lapsiwala (TA)
Milwaukee Art Museum
Architect: Santiago Calatrava
Area: 142050 Sqft
Completed in: 2001
Building material: Concrete

Design Concept
Architect chose to execute this concept through a pavilion featuring a “vast,
glass-enclosed reception hall” with a “transparent, boat-like prow of unique de-
sign, facing the lake” and a “huge, wing-like sunscreen

Deployable sunshade of the museum

• the Burke Brise Soleil, form a moveable sunscreen with a 217-foot wingspan.
• The brise soleil is made up of 72 steel fins, ranging in length from 26 to 105
feet.
• The entire structure weights 90 tons.
• It takes 3.5 minutes for the wings to open or close.
• Sensors on the fins continually monitor wind speed and direction, so when
winds exceed 23 mph for more than 3 seconds, the wings close automatically.
• the Quadracci Pavilion’s building spine are inclined 48.36 degrees toward the
Pavilion.

Source: www.Rethinkingfuture .com

Quadracci Pavilion: Plans & Elevations

Source: www.Wikiarchitectura .com

Plan
Elevation
The Burke Brise Soleil (Sun breaker in french)
• Seventeen specially built A-frames, ranging in length from 98 feet to about 27 feet.
• The A-shaped rafters were computer-designed From a computerized model of the pavilion and its
underlying structure. Once the A-frames have been placed on the oval-shaped ring beam, glass panes will
be inserted, followed by a three-piece steel spine.
• The fixed ‘building spine’ will top off the A-frames. Specially designed A frames having dimensions 350 mm
at the end and 700 mm near the connecting rod. Above it, two rotating spines will support the movable
wings of the Brise-Soleil, an enormous sunscreen that can be positioned to admit or keep out sunlight.
Light is crucial in the concept and operation of the pavilion. By day, it will have natural light. At night,
artificial illumination will be provided by powerful lights set low around the concrete ring beam.
• The movable Burke Brise-Soleil constitutes the signature element of the Calatrava addition, resting on top
of the breathtaking glass and steel atrium above the Quadracci Pavilion.
• This element features two very large wings, each composed of 36 steel rectangular tube fins having a
cross-section width of 350 mm, but varying in length, depth, and thickness which are rigidly connected by
steel spacers.
• Each wing is supported by a rotating spine, to which all fins are connected. The two rotating spines are
in turn supported by the building spine, and 11 pairs of hydraulic actuators turn the rotating spines
90 degrees to fully open or close the wings. Spanning 8.8 m in the N-S direction and 41.6 m in the E-W
direction, the pavilion also supports the back stay beam Source: www.Solarpedia.com

Source: www.Solarpedia.com
3D Views
Physical model
• The Wings has very varying length and are at difference of angle of 1 degree. the lon-
gest wing is vertically lifted at 11 degrees following wings are its succesion with differ-
ence of length and angle. 1
Length 32.01 M
• In this model gear system is used to rotate the wings but in real structure hyadraulic Length 31.31 M 2
3
actuators are used. Length 30.63 M
Length 29.94 M 4

Length 29.25 M 5

Length 28.56 M
6

Length 27.87 M 7

Length 27.19 M
8

Length 27.23 M 9

Length 25.81 M 10

Length 25.12 M 11

Length 24.43 M 12

Length 23.75 M 13

Length 23.06 M 14

Length 22.37 M 15
16
Length 21.68 M
Length 20.99 M 17

Length 20.31 M
18
19
Length 19.66 M
20
Length 18.93 M
21
Length 18.24 M
Length 17.55 M 22
23
Length 16.86 M
24
Length 16.18 M
25
Length 15.49 M
Length 14.80 M 26

Length 14.11 M
27

Length 13.42 M 28

Length 12.74 M 29

Length 12.05 M
30

Length 11.36 M 31

Length 10.67 M 32

Length 9.89 M
33

Length 9.30 M
34

Length 8.63 M 35

Length 7.92 M 36
Bibliography
• Quadracci Pavilion - Milwaukee Art Museum - Data, Photos & Plans - WikiArquitectura.
(2022). Retrieved 8 February 2022, from https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/
quadracci-pavilion-milwaukee-art-museum/
Scan QR Code or click on the link for animation video
• “The building” (2004). Milwaukee Art Museum.
http://www.mam.org/thebuilding/index.htm.
• “Milwaukee Art Museum” (2004). Santiago Calatrava. http://www.calatrava.com/.
• Auer, J. (2000, March 3). “Entering a new era.” Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel Online.
http://www.jsonline.com/enter/finearts/auer/mar00/guide05030300.asp.
• Auer, J. (2000, October 27). “Work on art museum to go on after some galleries open.”
Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel Online.
http://www.jsonline.com/enter/finearts/auer/oct00/muse27102600.asp.
• Arbanas, D. et. al. (2001, October 13). “The Milwaukee Art Museum by level.” Milwau-
kee
Journal-Sentinel Online.
http://www.jsonline.com/onwisconsin/arts/oct01/mamlevels050401.asp.
• Arbanas, D. et. al. (2001, October 13). “Virtual building tour.” Milwaukee Journal-Senti-
nel
Online. http://www.jsonline.com/onwisconsin/arts/oct01/MAMtour101301.asp.
• Auer, J. (2001, March 2). “Calatrava has plenty going on underfoot.” Milwaukee Jour-
nalSentinel Online. http://www.jsonline.com/enter/finearts/mar01/mam04030201. https://drive.google.com/ https://drive.google.com/
asp. file/d/1Dx6n-AepT3d62mC7zLv_ file/d/1vu2c31WIRvEW-
• Badreddine, L. (2002). “Winged victory.” Civil Engineering, ASCE, 72(1):34-43. PMYLdZGPaBOX/view?usp=shar- Jac4vAZHWiTfgTUpqdyx/view?us-
“Milwaukee Art Museum” (2004). Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel Online. ing p=sharing
• Arbanas, D. et. al. (2001, October 13). “Burke brise soleil – Quadracci pavilion.”
Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel Online.
http://www.jsonline.com/onwisconsin/arts/oct01/mamburke101301.asp.
• Auer, J. (2000, January 21). “Museum’s ‘simple’ Calatrava bridge is anything but.”
Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel Online.
http://www.jsonline.com/enter/finearts/auer/jan00/bridge23012100.asp.
• Multiframe 2, Version 8.63 (2004). Formation Design Systems, Fremantle, Western
Australia.
Ex-6 Final Design

Tutors:
Japan Shah
Anand Vishwanathan
Priyanka Baghel (TA)
Chintan Shah UG190288
Umang Lapsiwala (TA)
Ex-6 : Final Design Problem
Design process

3000

1714.1

G.L.
5730.6

800

3000 3000

3080

3000
1945

1592.5 1592.5

G.L.

5801.9 5335
Plan

A A'

250 750
0 1750MM
5400
Elevation

3080

1860

GROUND LINE

250 750
0 1750MM
Section with joinery details

JOINERY WITH
WIELDING & L-BRACKET

THE MOVEMENT OF THE

MEMBER IS RESTRICTED
BY CENTRAL JOINING
MEMBERS.
HYDRAULICS ARE USED
FOR EASY OPENING
AND CLOSING OF ARM.

PULLEY WITH
LOCKING MECHANISM

PERMISSIBLE MEMBER
SIZES ARE
132X132MM SQUARE
HOLLOW SECTION

THE BASE PLATE IS

ANCHORED IN THE
GROUND

GROUND LINE
250 750
0 1750MM
Section with joinery details

523 293.6

288.5

401.2

The thickness of all

plates are 25mm

GROUND LINE

250 750
0 1750MM
Stages of Deployment

645

3436.3

5400

GROUND LINE GROUND LINE GROUND LINE

250 750 250 750 250 750

0 1750MM 0 1750MM 0 1750MM
Material Signficance - Aluminium
• Aluminium is a highly versatile metal that offers a lot of benefits, including being
lightweight and flexible. It can be cast, melted, moulded, machined, and extruded,
allowing it to be moulded into a variety of shapes and then built to fit a wide
range of applications.
• Aluminium is becoming increasingly popular due to its incredible adaptability
and strength, as well as the benefits it provides. Aluminium extrusion enables it
to be supplied in increasingly complicated designs. This extrusion is available in a
variety of finishes, including anodized, milled, and painted, and can be machined
or fabricated further.
• The Physical Properties of Aluminum
1. Color and State: Solid, nonmagnetic, non-lustrous, silvery-white with slight
bluish tint.
2. Structure: Aluminum is strong & lightweight structural material.
3. Surface: Aluminum surfaces can be highly reflective.
4. Hardness: Commercially pure aluminum is soft. It is strengthened when al-
loyed and tempered.
5. Ductility: High ductility. Aluminum can be beaten very thin.
6. Malleability: High malleability. Aluminum is very capable of being shaped or
bent.
7. Corrosion: Aluminum is corrosive resistant due to a self-protecting oxide layer.
8. Density: Aluminum has a low density of 2710 Kg/m3
9. Non combustible:
10. Odourless
11. Durable
Staad Analysis and design
Plan view of staad model Elevation of staad model Design Parameters

Table showing deflection in members 3D View of staad model Loads and defination

Aluminium square Section of 132mmx4mm is used.

3D Model Views Physical Model
Undeployed View

Deployed View
Thank you

Chintan Shah
UG190288