TED演讲者：Aaron Huey | 亚伦.

修伊
演讲标题：Aaron Huey: America.s native prisoners of war | 沦为战俘的美国原驻民
内容概要：Photographer, adventurer and storyteller Aaron Huey captures all of his subjects --
from war victims to rock climbers to Sufi dervishes -- with elegance and fearless sensitivity.
亚伦. 修伊多年以来努力用镜头记录美国的贫困状况，他去到了松岭印地安人保护区，亲眼目睹了拉科达人如
何为生活而挣扎 -- 他们的生活被外界遗忘，状况令人触目惊心 -- 这使他改变了工作重心。完成了长达五年
的摄影工作之后，他走上了TEDxDU的演讲台，展示了震撼人心的照片，并给观众上了一堂发人深省的历史
课。
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I'm here today to show my photographs of the Lakota. 今天,我给大家展示我拍摄的拉科塔人照片。
[00:12]
Many of you may have heard of the Lakota, or at least the 拉科塔人对于在座的许多人应该不陌生了, 至少也
larger group of tribes called the Sioux. 听说过他们所属的部落 苏族。[00:16]
The Lakota are one of many tribes that were moved off their 拉科塔人是众多被迫离开家园的一支印第安人。
land to prisoner of war camps now called reservations. 他们沦为战俘,被驱赶到集中营里, 也就是所谓的保
留地。[00:22]
The Pine Ridge Reservation, the subject of today's slide 松岭印地安人保留地, 就是今天图片展的主题, 它
show, is located about 75 miles southeast of the Black Hills 位于南达科他州黑岗 东南方向75英里处。[00:29]
in South Dakota.
It is sometimes referred to as Prisoner of War Camp Number 它的别名是 334号战俘集中营。 这里就是现在拉
334, and it is where the Lakota now live. 科塔人的居住地。[00:37]
Now, if any of you have ever heard of AIM, the American 如果你们有人听说过AIM, 也就是美国印第安人运
Indian Movement, or of Russell Means, or Leonard Peltier, or 动(American Indian Movement), 或者拉塞尔.
of the stand-off at Oglala, then you know that Pine Ridge is 米恩斯, 里奥纳德. 皮尔帝尔, 奥加拉拉对峙事件,
ground zero for Native issues in the U.S. 那么你肯定知道,在美国,松岭保留地 就是印第安人
问题集中地带。[00:45]
So I've been asked to talk a little bit today about my 今天,我应邀在此简单介绍 我和拉科塔人之间的不
relationship with the Lakota, and that's a very difficult one for 解之缘, 对于我而言,这相当难能可贵。[01:01]
me.
camps: n.露营,营地;野营房(camp复数)/v.露营,扎营(camp的第三人称单数) reservations: n.保留;预定(reservation的复数形
式) Reservation: n.预约,预订;保留 southeast: adj.东南的;来自东南的/n.东南;东南地区/adv.来自东南 stand-off: n.平衡;
冷淡;支座绝缘子 ground zero: “爆心投影点”组织;着地点
Because, if you haven't noticed from my skin color, I'm white, 因为,你们如果注意到我的肤色, 就知道我是白人,
and that is a huge barrier on a Native reservation. 这在印第安人保留地是一大禁忌。[01:07]
You'll see a lot of people in my photographs today, and I've 今天展示的照片中有形形色色的人, 我有幸成为他
become very close with them, and they've welcomed me like 们的朋友,他们待我如亲人一般。[01:16]
family.
They've called me "brother" and "uncle" 他们亲切地和我以兄弟叔父相称,[01:21]
and invited me again and again over five years. 在过去的五年里一次又一次请我上门作客。
[01:23]
But on Pine Ridge, I will always be what is called "wasichu," 尽管如此,在松岭, 我永远被视
为“wasichu”,[01:25]
and "wasichu" is a Lakota word that means "non-Indian," “wasichu”是拉科塔语, 意思是非印第安
人,[01:30]
but another version of this word means "the one who takes 而这个词还有另一个含义, 意思是“抢走上等好肉
the best meat for himself." 的人”。[01:35]
And that's what I want to focus on -- the one who takes the 这就是我今天的主题 -- 抢走上等好肉的人。
best part of the meat. [01:41]
It means greedy. 这意味着贪婪。[01:45]
So take a look around this auditorium today. 大家四下看看。[01:48]
We are at a private school in the American West, sitting in 我们身处美国西部一所私立学校里, 坐在红色丝绒
red velvet chairs with money in our pockets. 的椅子上, 荷包鼓鼓。[01:50]
again and again: adv.再三地,反复地 auditorium: n.礼堂,会堂;观众席 private school: n.私立学校;私立中小学 velvet: n.
天鹅绒,丝绒;天鹅绒似的东西/adj.天鹅绒的
And if we look at our lives, we have indeed taken the best 如果我们反恭自省, 就不难发现, 我们的确抢走了
part of the meat. 上等好肉。[01:58]
So let's look today at a set of photographs of a people who 我们来好好看看这些图片, 看看我们如何夺走了 本
lost so that we could gain, and know that when you see these 属于另外一群人的生活。 不仅如此,当看到这些人
people's faces that these are not just images of the Lakota; 的脸时, 你知道他们不仅代表了拉科塔人。 还代表
they stand for all indigenous people. 了所有印第安土著人。[02:04]
On this piece of paper is the history the way I learned it from 这张纸上, 记录着我从拉科塔朋友和家人那里 学到
my Lakota friends and family. 的历史。[02:22]
 下面是一组大事年表, 记录了那些被撕毁了的协约
The following is a time-line of treaties made, treaties broken
and massacres disguised as battles. 和一些看似战斗实为屠杀的事件。[02:29]
I'll begin in 1824. 我从1824年讲起。[02:36]
What is known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs was created “印第安事务管理局 实为美国陆军部下属部门 一
within the War Department, setting an early tone of 开始就在对待美国原驻民事务上 充满敌意。
aggression in our dealings with the Native Americans. [02:38]
1851: The first treaty of Fort Laramie was made, clearly 1851年: 第一次《拉勒米堡条约》, 明确划定了拉
marking the boundaries of the Lakota Nation. 科塔人的领土分界线。[02:46]
stand for: 代表;支持;象征;担任…的候选人 indigenous: adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的 massacres: vt.残杀;彻底击败/n.
大屠杀;惨败 disguised: 伪装的 Bureau: n.局,处;衣柜;办公桌 dealings: n.交易;来往 marking: n.标志;打分;做记号;斑纹/v.
注意;作记号于;给…打分数(mark的ing形式)
According to the treaty, those lands are a sovereign nation. 根据条约, 分界线以内的土地构成一个主权国家。
[02:53]
If the boundaries of this treaty had held -- and there is a 如果遵照法律, 条约保留至今, 那么这才是美国今
legal basis that they should -- then this is what the U.S. 天的模样。[02:57]
would look like today.
10 years later, the Homestead Act, signed by President 十年以后, 由林肯总统亲自签署的《公地放领法》
Lincoln, unleashed a flood of white settlers into Native lands. 放任白人殖民者蜂拥闯入原驻民领地。[03:07]
1863: An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota ends with 1863年: 明尼苏达州发生苏族的支部桑蒂人起义,
the hanging of 38 Sioux men, the largest mass execution in 结果38名苏人被绞死, 这成为美国历史上最大规模
U.S. history. 的绞刑。[03:15]
The execution was ordered by President Lincoln only two 下令行刑的正是林肯总统, 而就在两天前, 他刚刚
days after he signed the Emancipation Proclamation. 签署了《解放奴隶宣言》。[03:26]
1866: the beginning of the transcontinental railroad -- a 1866年,跨大陆铁路开始动工 -- 新时代开始了。
new era. [03:34]
We appropriated land for trails and trains to shortcut 为了优化铁路路线, 我们抄捷径直穿拉科塔腹地。
through the heart of the Lakota Nation. [03:39]
sovereign: adj.至高无上的;有主权的;拥有最高统治权的;不折不扣的;极好的/n.君主;独立国;最高统治者 Homestead: n.宅地;
家园;田产 unleashed: vt.释放,解放(unleash的过去分词形式) settlers: n.移居者(settler的复数形式);居住者;移民,侨民
uprising: n.起义;升起/adj.升起的/v.起义(uprise的ing形式);升起 Emancipation: n.解放;释放 Proclamation: n.公告;宣布;
宣告;公布 transcontinental: adj.横贯大陆的;大陆那边的 appropriated: v.挪用;拨款;把…据为己有;顺手牵羊(appropriate
的过去式) trails: n.山径;踪迹(trail的复数);游径/vt.拖尾(trail的第三人称单数)/vi.拖曳(trail的第三人称单数) shortcut: n.捷径;
被切短的东西
The treaties were out the window. 所有条约都被束之高阁。[03:44]
In response, three tribes led by the Lakota chief Red Cloud 拉科达酋长红云率领的三个部落进行反击, 他们攻
attacked and defeated the U.S. army many times over. 打并屡次战胜了美国军队。[03:46]
I want to repeat that part. 我想再强调一遍。[03:52]
The Lakota defeat the U.S. army. 拉科塔人战胜了美国军队。[03:54]
1868: The second Fort Laramie Treaty clearly guarantees the 1868年:第二次《拉勒米堡条约》 清清楚楚地承诺
sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation and the Lakotas' 保证苏族的主权地位 并承认神圣的黑岗为拉科塔
ownership of the sacred Black Hills. 所有。[03:57]
The government also promises land and hunting rights in the 政府另外还承诺他们在其领地周围各州 享有土地
surrounding states. 和狩猎权。[04:06]
We promise that the Powder River country will henceforth 我们承诺白人一律不许踏入 属于印第安人的粉河
be closed to all whites. 地带。[04:10]
The treaty seemed to be a complete victory for Red Cloud 这个条约表面上是红云酋长 以及苏人的完胜。
and the Sioux. [04:15]
I fact, this is the only war in American history in which the 而实质上,这是美国历史上 政府唯一一次为了停战
government negotiated a peace by conceding everything 而完全屈从于敌人的要求。[04:19]
demanded by the enemy.
out the window: 突然失去了,或者是浪费了某样东西。 guarantees: v.保证(guarantee的第三人称单数)/n.保证,[法]担保;
抵押物(guarantee的复数) sovereignty: n.主权;主权国家;君主;独立国 sacred: adj.神的；神圣的；宗教的；庄严的
henceforth: adv.今后；自此以后 negotiated: adj.商谈的/v.谈判,协商(negotiate过去式和过去分词形式) conceding: v.弃
权让步(concede的ing形式)
1869: The transcontinental railroad was completed. 1869年: 跨大陆铁路竣工。[04:30]
It began carrying, among other things, a large number of 成千上万的猎户搭着火车来到苏人的领地, 他们开
hunters who began the wholesale killing of buffalo, 始成批地捕杀野牛, 使得苏人赖以生存的生活资料
eliminating a source of food and clothing and shelter for the 来源濒临灭绝。[04:34]
Sioux.
1871: The Indian Appropriation Act makes all Indians wards 1871年: 印第安人拨款法案 让所有印第安人都受
of the federal government. 到联邦政府的管辖。[04:43]
In addition, the military issued orders forbidding western 不仅如此,美国军队下令 禁止西部的印第安人离开
Indians from leaving reservations. 保留地。[04:50]
All western Indians at that point in time were now prisoners 从此以后,所有西部印第安人 都成为了战后囚徒。
of war. [04:56]
Also in 1871, we ended the time of treaty-making. 另外,1871年, 我们停止制定条约。[05:00]
The problem with treaties is they allow tribes to exist as 条约只会允许印第安部落享有主权, 但我们不能接
sovereign nations, and we can't have that. 受。[05:04]
We had plans. 我们自有对策。[05:09]
1874: General George Custer announced the discovery of 1874年: 乔治. 卡斯特将军宣布在拉科塔地区发现
gold in Lakota territory, specifically the Black Hills. 了金矿, 具体位置就在黑岗。[05:11]
wholesale: adj.批发的;大规模的/n.批发/adv.大规模地;以批发方式/vt.批发/vi.批发;经营批发业 eliminating: adj.排除的/v.
消除(eliminate的ing形式) Appropriation: n.拨款;挪用 wards: n.[医]病房(ward的复数);守卫;受监护的未成年人;监禁/v.守
卫;避开(ward的第三人称单数形式) issued: v.发布,发行(issue的过去分词形式)/adj.发行的/n.发布日期 forbidding: adj.令人
生畏的;严峻的;险恶的/v.禁止;不准(forbid的ing形式)
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The news of gold creates a massive influx of white settlers 这一消息引得白人移民者蜂拥 闯入拉科塔领地。
into Lakota Nation. [05:18]
Custer recommends that Congress find a way to end the 卡斯特向国会提议 尽快解除 与拉科塔人定下的条
treaties with the Lakota as soon as possible. 约。[05:22]
1875: The Lakota war begins over the violation of the Fort 1875年:美国撕毁《拉勒米堡条约》, 拉科达战争
Laramie Treaty. 爆发。[05:28]
1876: On July 26th on its way to attack a Lakota village, 1876年: 7月26日 卡斯特将军率领的第七骑兵 在
Custer's 7th Cavalry was crushed at the battle of Little Big 攻打一个拉科塔村庄时全军覆没, 这就是著名的小
Horn. 盘羊战役。[05:34]
1877: The great Lakota warrior and chief named Crazy Horse 1877年: 伟大的拉科达勇士疯马酋长 于罗宾逊堡
surrendered at Fort Robinson. 投降。[05:44]
He was later killed while in custody. 他之后在关押期间被杀害。[05:51]
1877 is also the year we found a way to get around the Fort 1877年,我们成功地 解除了所有《拉勒米堡条
Laramie Treaties. 约》。[05:57]
A new agreement was presented to Sioux chiefs and their 一项新协议摆在了苏人各部酋长以及他们副手的面
leading men under a campaign known as "sell or starve:" 前, 这次运动被称为“不卖地就饿死”。[06:02]
influx: n.流入;汇集;河流的汇集处 recommends: 推荐/建议/使有优势/被推崇的 violation: n.违反;妨碍,侵害;违背;强奸
Cavalry: n.骑兵;装甲兵;装甲部队 Horn: n.喇叭,号角;角/vt.装角于 surrendered: v.投降,让与;屈服(surrender的过去分词)/n.
电放 custody: n.保管;监护;拘留;抚养权 get around: 到处走走;逃避;说服;传开来(等于getround);有办法应付;有办法应付局
面 chiefs: n.首领(chief的复数)
Sign the paper, or no food for your tribe. 要么在协议上签字,要么你的部落就等着挨饿。
[06:08]
Only 10 percent of the adult male population signed. 只有百分之十的成年男子签了字。[06:11]
The Fort Laramie Treaty called for at least three-quarters of 《拉勒米堡条约》 要求一个部落中至少四分之三
the tribe to sign away land. 的人签字同意 才能出让土地。[06:14]
That clause was obviously ignored. 这一条款很显然已经被忽略不计了。[06:20]
1887: The Dawes Act. 1887:《道斯法案》。[06:22]
Communal ownership of reservation lands ends. 保留地公有的时代就此终结。[06:25]
Reservations are cut up into 160-acre sections and 保留地被分割成块,每块地为160英亩, 分配给每个
distributed to individual Indians with the surplus disposed 印第安人 剩余的部分则被割走。[06:28]
of.
Tribes lost millions of acres. 印第安部落损失了上百万英亩土地。[06:35]
The American dream of individual land ownership turned out 美国人为了实现 就不择手段 将保留地瓜分待尽。
to be a very clever way to divide the reservation until nothing [06:38]
was left.
The move destroyed the reservations, making it easier to 保留地遭到毁灭性打击, 变得更容易让下一代人 进
further subdivide and to sell with every passing generation. 一步瓜分。[06:45]
tribe: n.部落；族；宗族；一伙/ three-quarters: adj.四分之三的/n.四分之三 sign away: 签字放弃 Dawes: n.道斯(美国律
师及财政家,曾任美国副总统) Communal: adj.公共的;公社的 cut up: vt.切碎;抨击 disposed: adj.有…倾向的;打算做…的;有
某种健康状态的/v.处理;配置;使适应(dispose的过去分词);使有倾向 acres: n.英亩(acre的复数) subdivide: vi.细分,再分/vt.
把……再分,把……细分
Most of the surplus land and many of the plots within 那些瓜分剩下的土地 以及许多保留地内的地块 现
reservation boundaries are now in the hands of white 在都成了白人农场主的囊中之物。[06:53]
ranchers.
Once again, the fat of the land goes to wasichu. 最肥沃的土地在一次落到了wasichu（抢走上等好
肉之人）。[07:00]
1890, a date I believe to be the most important in this slide 1890年,我认为是幻灯片上 最重要的一个日期。
show. [07:04]
This is the year of the Wounded Knee Massacre. 就在这一年,“伤膝河惨案”发生了。[07:09]
On December 29th, U.S. troops surrounded a Sioux 12月29日, 美国军队包围了苏人驻扎在伤膝河的营
encampment at Wounded Knee Creek and massacred Chief 地, 并在那里屠杀了“大脚”酋长 以及其他300多
Big Foot and 300 prisoners of war, using a new rapid-fire 名战俘, 他们使用的是一种能够进行扫射的 新式武
weapon that fired exploding shells called a Hotchkiss gun. 器 － 机关枪。[07:11]
For this so-called "battle," 为了这场所谓的战役,[07:26]
20 Congressional Medals of Honor for Valor were given to 国会将20枚荣誉勋章 授予了第七骑兵团以表彰他
the 7th Cavalry. 们的骁勇善战。[07:28]
plots: n.情节;阴谋;小块土地(plot的复数);平面图/v.划分;策划(plot的三单形式);绘制…的地图 in the hands of: 由…掌握;在…
掌握中 ranchers: n.大农场经营者;大农场工人 Massacre: vt.残杀;彻底击败/n.大屠杀;惨败 encampment: n.营地;露营
Creek: n.小溪;小湾 massacred: vt.残杀;彻底击败/n.大屠杀;惨败 rapid-fire: adj.速射的;急速的 exploding: n.爆炸,爆发;水
热炸裂/v.爆炸(explode的ing形式) so-called: adj.所谓的；号称的 Congressional: adj.国会的;会议的;议会的 Medals:
n.[劳经]奖章;勋章(medal的复数)/v.授予…奖章(medal的第三人称单数) Valor: n.英勇;勇猛(等于valour)
To this day, this is the most Medals of Honor ever awarded 直到今天, 这是历史上国会授予最多荣誉勋章的 单
for a single battle. 次战役。[07:34]
More Medals of Honor were given for the indiscriminate 这一次对无辜妇女儿童的残酷屠杀 所获得的荣誉
slaughter of women and children than for any battle in World勋章 多于第一次世界大战,[07:42]
War One,
World War Two, Korea, Vietnam, Iraq or Afghanistan. 第二次世界大战, 朝鲜战争,越南战争, 伊拉克战争
或阿富汗战争中的任何一次战役。[07:48]
The Wounded Knee massacre is considered the end of the “伤膝河惨案” 标志了印第安战争的结束。
Indian wars. [07:56]
Whenever I visit the site of the mass grave at Wounded Knee, 每一次 去伤膝河公墓, 我看到的 不仅仅是拉科塔
I see it not just as a grave for the Lakota or for the Sioux, but 人或苏人的坟墓, 而是所有原住民的坟墓。[08:01]
as a grave for all indigenous peoples.
The holy man, Black Elk, said, "I did not know then how much 印第安圣人黑麋鹿曾说: “我不知道当时 死了多少
was ended. 人。[08:15]
When I look back now from this high hill of my old age, I can 每当回首 那座饱经沧桑的高山, 沿着那条蜿蜒的小
still see the butchered women and children lying heaped 河 我依然能看见那些妇女儿童, 尸横遍地, 这和我
and scattered all along the crooked gulch as plain as when I 年轻时亲见的场景 一般清晰。[08:21]
saw them with eyes still young.
To this day: 至今 awarded: adj.嘉奖,得奖;给予;已获得/v.授予;判定(award的过去分词形式) indiscriminate: adj.任意的;
无差别的;不分皂白的 Elk: n.麋鹿;软鞣粗皮;驼鹿皮革 butchered: vt.屠杀/n.屠夫 heaped: adj.盛满的;满满的/v.堆积;聚集
(heap的过去式和过去分词) scattered: adj.分散的;散乱的 all along: 自始至终,一直 crooked: adj.弯曲的;歪的;不正当的
gulch: n.峡谷;冲沟;干谷峡谷
And I can see that something else died there in the bloody 我能看到在那鲜血染红的泥土中还有另一样东西也
mud and was buried in the blizzard: A people's dream died 被扼杀了, 最后被暴风雪所埋葬。 一个民族的梦想
there, and it was a beautiful dream." 在那里破灭了, 那曾是个多么美好的梦想。
”[08:43]
With this event, a new era in Native American history began. 事件发生以后, 美国原驻民的历史进入了新的篇
章。[08:58]
Everything can be measured before Wounded Knee and “伤膝河惨案” 发生之前, 一切都是可以衡量的。
after. [09:04]
Because it was in this moment with the fingers on the 因为现在美国政府 一边做出扣动扳机的姿态, 一边
triggers of the Hotchkiss guns that the U.S. government 吆喝着原住民的基本权利掌握在政府手里。
openly declared its position on Native rights. [09:09]
They were tired of treaties. 他们厌倦了条约。[09:18]
They were tired of sacred hills. 厌倦了圣山。[09:20]
They were tired of ghost dances. 厌倦了鬼舞。[09:22]
And they were tired of all the inconveniences of the Sioux. 他们厌倦了苏人给他们带来的种种不便。[09:25]
So they brought out their cannons. 于是他们搬出了大炮。[09:28]
'"You want to be an Indian now?" they said, finger on the 要挟着:“你们还做印第安人是吗？” 接着扣动扳
trigger. 机。[09:32]
1900: the U.S. Indian population reached its low point -- less 1900年: 美国原驻民人口跌至历史最低点 － 不足
than 250,000, compared to an estimated eight million in 二十五万人, 远远少于1492年的 八百万人。
1492. [09:42]
blizzard: n.暴风雪,大风雪;大打击/vi.下暴风雪 triggers: n.[电子]触发器;触发物(trigger的复数)/v.引起(trigger的单三形式);
引爆 inconveniences: n.不便;麻烦/vt.麻烦;打扰 cannons: n.大炮;机关炮;扒手(cannon的复数)/v.炮击;相撞;偷盗(cannon的
第三人称单数) estimated: adj.估计的;预计的;估算的
Fast-forward. 时光飞逝。[09:56]
1980: The longest running court case in U.S. history, the Sioux 1980年: 美国历史上耗时最长的官司 在苏族和美
Nation v. the United States, was ruled upon by the U.S. 国政府之间展开, 然而美国最高法院操控了案件的
Supreme Court. 审判。[09:58]
The court determined that, when the Sioux were resettled 法院决定,苏人重整保留地, 允许将七百万英亩土地
开放给探矿者和自耕农。 这些决议违反了 第二次
The court determined that, when the Sioux were resettled
onto reservations and seven million acres of their land were 开放给探矿者和自耕农。 这些决议违反了 第二次
opened up to prospectors and homesteaders, the terms of 《拉勒米堡条约》。[10:09]
the second Fort Laramie Treaty had been violated.
The court stated that the Black Hills were illegally taken and 法院陈述说 黑岗是被非法占有的, 政府应当连本带
that the initial offering price plus interest should be paid to 息 向苏族买下黑岗。[10:22]
the Sioux Nation.
As payment for the Black Hills, the court awarded only 106 为买下黑岗, 法院只承诺给苏族 区区一亿零六百万
million dollars to the Sioux Nation. 美元。[10:30]
The Sioux refused the money with the rallying cry, "The Black 苏人集体抗议,拒绝收钱, 他们呐喊,“决不卖黑
Hills are not for sale." 岗”。[10:37]
Fast-forward: n.快进功能/adj.进展迅速的/vi.快进/vt.使快进 Supreme Court: 最高法院 resettled: vi.重新定居/vt.使重新
定居 prospectors: n.[地质]勘探者;探矿者(prospector的复数形式) homesteaders: n.农场所有人;分得土地之定居者;自耕农
violated: v.违反(violate的过去分词) stated: adj.规定的;阐明的;定期的/v.规定(state的过去分词);陈述;阐明 illegally: adv.非
法地 rallying: 汽车拉力赛(rally的现在分词) for sale: 出售;待售
2010: Statistics about Native population today, more than a 2010年: 今天关于原住民的数据显示, 伤膝河惨案
century after the massacre at Wounded Knee, reveal the 过了一个多世纪之后, 殖民地化,强制搬迁, 违反条
legacy of colonization, forced migration and treaty 约等活动所产生的后遗症 逐渐暴露。[10:43]
violations.
Unemployment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation 松岭印第安人保留地的失业率 一直高达百分之八
fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent. 十五甚至百分之九十。[10:57]
The housing office is unable to build new structures, and 房屋事务管理部门无力建设新的基础设施, 而现存
existing structures are falling apart. 的设施却在渐渐崩塌。[11:03]
Many are homeless, and those with homes are packed into 不少人流离失所, 即使一些人有家,他们也只能勉强
rotting buildings with up to five families. 在危楼里, 五个家庭挤在一起生活。[11:08]
39 percent of homes on Pine Ridge have no electricity. 在松岭,百分之三十九的住房 没有通电。[11:14]
At least 60 percent of the homes on the reservation are 百分之六十以上的住房 发了霉。[11:18]
infested with black mold.
More than 90 percent of the population lives below the 超过百分之九十的人口 生活在国家贫困线以下。
federal poverty line. [11:23]
The tuberculosis rate on Pine Ridge is approximately eight 松岭地区的肺结核患病率 大约比全国平均患病率
times higher than the U.S. national average. 高八成。[11:28]
Statistics: n.统计;统计学;[统计]统计资料 colonization: n.殖民;殖民地化 violations: n.违反,妨碍;违规或不雅行为
(violation的复数形式) fluctuates: vi.波动;涨落;动摇/vt.使波动;使动摇 rotting: vt.腐败,腐坏之(rot的现在分词形式);深蚀
刻/n.沤麻 infested: adj.为患的,大批滋生的(常与with搭配)/v.害虫,野兽大批出没于(infest的过去式和过去分词);遍布于
mold: vt.塑造;使发霉;用模子制作/vi.发霉/n.霉菌;模子 tuberculosis: n.肺结核;结核病 approximately: adv.大约,近似地;近
于
The infant mortality rate is the highest on this continent and 婴儿死亡率 为北美洲之首, 比全国平均婴儿死亡率
is about three times higher than the U.S. national average. 高出三成。[11:34]
Cervical cancer is five times higher than the U.S. national 宫颈癌患病率 比全国平均值高五倍。[11:41]
average.
School dropout rate is up to 70 percent. 辍学率高达百分之七十。[11:45]
Teacher turnover is eight times higher than the U.S. national 教师调动频繁, 比全国平均值高出八成。[11:48]
average.
Frequently, grandparents are raising their grandchildren 孩子通常由他们的祖父祖母抚养, 因为他们的父母
because parents, due to alcoholism, domestic violence and 由于酗酒, 家庭暴力和对子女的冷漠态度, 而无法
general apathy, cannot raise them. 承担抚养责任。[11:53]
50 percent of the population over the age of 40 suffers from 年龄在四十岁以上的人群中有百分之五十 患有糖
diabetes. 尿病。[12:04]
The life expectancy for men is between 46 and 48 years old - 男性的寿命平均在 46岁 到48岁－ 基本上堪比 阿
- roughly the same as in Afghanistan and Somalia. 富汗和索马里亚的情况。[12:09]
The last chapter in any successful genocide is the one in 每一次种族屠杀的结局都一样, 屠杀者 丢下屠刀,
which the oppressor can remove their hands and say, "My 说: “天啊,这些人对自己都干了什么？[12:22]
God, what are these people doing to themselves?
mortality: n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运 Cervical: adj.颈的;子宫颈的 dropout: n.中途退学;辍学学生 turnover: n.
翻覆;[贸易]营业额;流通量;半圆卷饼;失误/adj.翻过来的;可翻转的 Frequently: adv.频繁地,经常地;时常,屡次 grandparents:
n.祖父母(grandparent的复数);外祖父母 alcoholism: n.酗酒;[内科]酒精中毒 apathy: n.冷漠,无兴趣,漠不关心;无感情
diabetes: n.糖尿病;多尿症 expectancy: n.期望,期待 genocide: n.种族灭绝;灭绝整个种族的大屠杀 oppressor: n.压制者,
压迫者
They're killing each other. 他们自相残杀。[12:33]
They're killing themselves while we watch them die." 自取灭亡。 我们只能在一边看着。”[12:35]
This is how we came to own these United States. 我们就是这样建立起美利坚合众国的。[12:40]
This is the legacy of manifest destiny. 这是命定扩张论 所衍生的后遗症。[12:43]
 Prisoners are still born into prisoner-of-war camps long after 虽然监狱看守早已不在了, 在这个战争集中营里,
the guards are gone. 仍然不停地有新的战俘诞生。[12:47]
These are the bones left after the best meat has been taken. 好肉都被瓜分干净了, 剩下的只有骨头。[12:56]
A long time ago, a series of events was set in motion by a 很久以前, 一群和我拥有同样肤色的人,也就是
people who look like me, by wasichu, eager to take the land wasichu, 因为觊觎黑岗的土地, 水资源,以及金子,
and the water and the gold in the hills. 而发动了一系列抢掠行动。[13:03]
Those events led to a domino effect that has yet to end. 这些行动产生的连锁效应, 至今未停。[13:15]
As removed as we the dominant society may feel from a 尽管现在我们作为主导的这个社会 与1890年的大
massacre in 1890, or a series of broken treaties 150 years 屠杀 以及150年前撕毁的条约相隔甚远,[13:19]
ago,
I still have to ask you the question, how should you feel about我仍然要问你们: 对于今天的数据,你们做何感想？
the statistics of today? [13:31]
What is the connection between these images of suffering 这些印第安人受苦的照片 和我刚才所念的历史事
and the history that I just read to you? 件 有什么关联呢？[13:37]
manifest: vt.证明,表明;显示/vi.显示,出现/n.载货单,货单;旅客名单/adj.显然的,明显的;明白的 set in: vi.开始;到来;流行
domino: n.多米诺骨牌;面具;化装外衣 dominant: adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的/n.显性
And how much of this history do you need to own, even? 你们对这些历史事件 应付多少责任？[13:43]
Is any of this your responsibility today? 你们是否对这些历史事件负责？[13:47]
I have been told that there must be something we can do. 有人告诉我说我们肯定能做些什么。[13:51]
There must be some call to action. 我需要号召大家行动起来,[13:54]
Because for so long I've been standing on the sidelines 因为我花了太长时间站在一旁 满足于作个旁观者,
content to be a witness, just taking photographs. 能做的只是拍拍照片。[13:57]
Because the solution seems so far in the past, I needed 还因为时过境迁,时局已无法挽回, 我只有使用时间
nothing short of a time machine to access them. 机器 才能回到过去。[14:05]
The suffering of indigenous peoples is not a simple issue to 原住民的痛苦生活 不是一天两天就能够得到改善
fix. 的。[14:12]
It's not something everyone can get behind the way they get 人们不能像拖延援助海地, 抗击艾滋病,或赈济饥荒
behind helping Haiti, or ending AIDS, or fighting a famine. 那样 拖延对原住民的帮助。[14:18]
The "fix," as it's called, may be much more difficult for the 帮助他们的方法 对于主流社会而言可不简单, 它不
dominant society than, say, a $50 check or a church trip to 是一张五十美元的支票, 不像教会组织 帮助粉刷被
paint some graffiti-covered houses, or a suburban family 涂鸦的房子, 也不是像一个市郊家庭 把他们不要的
donating a box of clothes they don't even want anymore. 旧衣服捐出来那么简单。[14:25]
on the sidelines: 当旁观者,不直接参加 get behind: 支持;落后;识破 suburban: adj.郊区的,城郊的;土气的;见闻不广的/n.
郊区居民 donating: 捐赠/捐献
So where does that leave us? 我们到底应该怎么做？[14:41]
Shrugging our shoulders in the dark? 只能无奈地耸耸肩吗？[14:43]
The United States continues on a daily basis to violate the 美国政府 至今 仍在违反 1851年和1868年的条
terms of the 1851 and 1868 Fort Laramie Treaties with the 约。 也就是和拉科塔人签订的两次《拉勒米堡条
Lakota. 约》。[14:46]
www.XiYuSoft.com 锡育软件
The call to action I offer today -- my TED wish -- is this: 我今天想告诉大家－ 我的TED心愿是－ 请你们遵
Honor the treaties. 守条约,[14:57]
Give back the Black Hills. 归还黑岗,[15:05]
It's not your business what they do with them. 印第安人想怎样利用那些山,你们无权过问。
[15:07]
(Applause) （众人鼓掌）[15:12]
in the dark: 在黑暗中;不知道;秘密地 violate: vt.违反;侵犯,妨碍;亵渎 Give back: 归还;反射;恢复
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