INJURY ANALYSIS BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE

GYMNASTS

A PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO

JASHORE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF COURSE NO: PESS-4000
OF B.Sc. (Hon’s) IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS SCIENCE

BY
ZUBAYER BIN MOHAMMAD
SESSION: 2017-2018
ROLL NO.: 171235
REGISTRATION NO: 1712446

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS SCIENCE

JASHORE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
JASHORE, BANGLADESH

MARCH,2023
 DECLARATION

I, Zubayer Bin Mohammad, student of the Department of Physical Education and

Sports Science, Jashore University of science and Technology, aware of my
responsibility of the penal law, declare and certify with my signature that my project
entitled “Injury Analysis Between Male and Female Gymnast” is entirely the
result of my original work. I have faithfully and accurately cited all my sources,
including books, journals, handouts, and unpublished manuscripts as well as any
other media, such as the internet and personal communication. This project was not
used in the same or in similar version to achieve an academic grading or is being
published elsewhere.
I also declare that I understood all the concepts of plagiarism and I acknowledge that
my project will be rejected in case of plagiarism. This research work will not be
published anywhere without the concern of my supervisor.

………………………………………………..
Signature and Date
Zubayer Bin Mohammad
Examination Roll: 171235

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B‡gj: chairman.pess@just.edu.bd
Dept. of Physical Education & Sports Science
Jashore University of Science and Technology
Jashore -7408, Bangladesh
Phone: +88 0421 62020,62030 -221
Fax: +88 0421 61199, 62238
E-mail: chairman.pess@just.edu.bd

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the project as Injury Analysis Between Male and Female Gymnast”
completed by Zubayer Bin Mohammad under my supervision in his own work and
fulfills the requirement of Course No: PESS-4000 of the Degree of B.Sc. (Hon’s) in
Physical Education and Sports Science at Jashore University of Science and
Technology.
The project report is approved and forwarded for evaluation.

Prof. Dr. Md. Nasim Reza

Supervisor
Department of Physical Education and Sports Science
Jashore University of Science and Technology
Jashore -7408, Bangladesh

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am glad and graceful to the almighty Allah, the supreme ruler of the universe, for
creating me, blessing me and finally giving me the opportunity to pursue my studies
in Physical Education and Sports Science and to complete my project successfully.
I am also very thankful to my honorable teacher and supervisor. Dr. Md. Nasim
Reza, Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Jashore
University of Science and Technology, and co-supervisor Dr. Shaybal Chanda,
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Jashore
University of Science and Technology, for their geniality to provide me with diligent
guidance, whole hearted co-operation, constant inspiration and for their extensive
knowledge in research that helped me in all the spheres to perform the research work.
I would never have been able to complete the research work and writing up of this
project without their help and co-operation.
I would prefer to put forward my most sincere regards and deep gratitude to Dr. Md.
Zafiroul Islam, Professor and Chairman, Department of Physical Education and
Sports Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, for giving me the
opportunity to conduct such an interesting project and for facilitating a smooth
effluence of my study.
I owe special thanks to my fellow research group members for their immense support
& contribution in my research work. I would like to thank my family & friends for
their care & encouragement during my research work.

Zubayer Bin Mohammad

Examination Roll: 171235

iii
 Dedicated To
My Beloved Parents

iv
 ABSTRACT
Gymnastics is a physical activity that involves gymnastic components such as tumbling,
vaulting, swinging, balancing, and performing on apparatus (bars, beams, rings, etc.).
Gymnastics is a sport that tests physical strength, endurance, agility, and coordination and it is
a great way to build muscle strength and improve flexibility, balance, and coordination. It is
also a great way to increase coordination, power, and balance, as well as improve posture, body
control, and body awareness and it can improve physical health, mental health, and overall
well-being. Gymnastics injuries can range from minor ones to more severe ones such as
fractures, torn muscles and ligaments, and sprains and other injuries include ankle sprains, back
injuries, wrist injuries, and shoulder injuries. A total of 50 males and 50 female gymnasts from
Bangladesh were selected as the subject of this present study. Their age range male from 14 to 42
and female from 14 to 32 years. A self-made validated questionnaire was used to collect data.
Data was collected through over phone call randomly selecting the subjects. Only descriptive
statistical tools were used to analyze collected data as per demand to the study designer. There
are 58% number of major injuries were faced by male gymnasts in playing age and on the other
hand, 42% number of major injuries were faced by female gymnasts in playing age, rather that,
24.41% male gymnasts were suffered from ankle injury, 22.09% shoulder injury, 20.93% knee
injury, 11.62% wrist injury, 10.46% elbow injury, 8.13% neck injury and 2.32% back pain
injury, 38.23% female gymnasts were suffered from ankle injury, 26.47% knee injury, 16.17%
wrist injury, 10.29% shoulder injury, 7.35% elbow injury and 1.47% back pain injury, 68%
male gymnasts were recovered from major injury, but 32% male gymnasts weren’t recovered
from major injury, 74% female gymnasts were recovered from major injury, but the rest 26%
female gymnasts weren’t recovered from major injury. The maximum cost of male gymnast is
600000 tk, and minimum cost of is 7000 tk. There are 50 male gymnasts injured cost 2546000
tk. Average cost of the male gymnasts is 50920 tk. The maximum cost of female gymnast is
270000 tk and minimum cost of male gymnast is 6000 tk. 96% male gymnasts were return to
play, and 4% gymnasts were not return to play, but 100% female gymnasts were return to play.
In Gymnastics male receives more injury than the female.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO

I INTRODUCTION 1-5
1.1 General Introduction 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem 4

1.3 Definition of Terms 4

1.4 Delimitation 4

1.5 Limitation 4

1.6 Objectives of the Studies 4

1.7 Significance of the Study 5

1.8 Hypothesis 5

II LITERATURE REVIEW 6-7

III METHODOLOGY 8-11
3.1 The Subject 9
3.2 Criterion Measure 10
3.3 Procedure for Collecting Data 11
3.4 Procedure for Analysis of Data 11
IV PRESENTATION OF DATA AND 12-20
ANALYSIS
4.1 The Data 13
4.2 Presentation of Data and Analysis 13
4.3 The Results 19
4.4 Discussion 20
4.5 Discussion of Hypothesis 20
V CONCLUSION 21-22
5.1 Conclusion 22
5.2 Recommendations 22
REFERENCE 23
APPENDICES 24-31

vi
 LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO
01 Age and playing age of the subject 9
02 Parameter 11
03 Injury occurred in the body parts 14
04 Cost required to cure the injury 15
05 Source of financial support 16
06 After injury whether you could/couldn’t return to 17
sports

LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO
01 Highest level played male 9

02 Highest level played female 10

03 Number of major injury faced by a gymnast in playing 13

age

04 Time required to be recovered from major injury 15

05 Whether you could be recovered performance level after 17

recovery from major injury

vii
Curriculum Vitae of
ZUBAYER BIN MOHAMMAD
B.Sc. in Physical Education & Sports Science.
Jashore University of Science and Technology-7408, Jashore.
Cell: +88 01627507410
Email: zbmlimon1118@gmail.com

Career Objective

To build up my career in an organization where I shall be able to explore my potentiality

by applying my knowledge, creative thinking and time management skills which
provides me the opportunity to improve my skills and allowing me to contribute to the
growth and success of the institution.

Academic Qualification

Degree Institution Concentration/ Result (GPA) Passing Duration

Group Year

B.Sc in Jashore
physical University of Physical Education & Cont. --- ---
education Science & Sports Science (PESS).
Technology.

B.K.S.P.,
H.S.C Humanities. 3.33 (out of 5) 2017 2 years
Savar,
Dhaka

B.K.S.P.,
S.S.C Savar, Dhaka Humanities. 3.94 (out of 5) 2013 2 years

viii
Language Proficiency
Language Reading Writing Speaking

English High High Medium

Bangla High High High

Personal Attributes

● Leadership skills.
● Self-confident & positive.
● Ability to work efficiently under pressure & meeting deadlines.
● Ability to work in teams & maintain effective communication

Participation in Sports

● Bangabandhu 2nd Inter University Sports Champs-2020

● Bangabandhu 3rd Inter University Sports Champs-2022
● Inter University Games Handball Held in IU-2023
● Inter University Games Basketball Held in RU-2023
● Inter University Game Handball Held in IU-2019
● 9th Bangladesh Games-2021
● 8th Bangladesh Games-2013
● Age Group National Gymnastics Competition-2013
● BKSP Cup Gymnastics Competition-2012
● 35th National Gymnastics Competition-2017
● 33th National Gymnastics Competition-2015

ix
Personal Details
Name : Zubayer Bin Mohammad
Father’s Name : Md. Jahangir Hossain
Mother’s Name : Jebun Nahar
Date of Birth : May 9, 1997
Blood Group : B+
Gender : Male
Marital Status : Unmarried
Nationality : Bangladeshi
NID : 5102674768
Contact Number : 01627-507410
Present Address : Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore
Permanent Address
References : Capachow,Gunabati,Chouddagram,Cumilla.

Pro. Dr. Md. Zafiroul Islam, Pro. Dr. Md. Nasim Reza,
Chairman, Dept. of Physical Education &
Sports Science
Dept. of Physical Education & Sports Science, Jashore University of Science &
Technology,
Jashore University of Science &Technology, Jashore.
Jashore. Contact No: 01711159237
Contact No: 01712158313
I here by declaring that the information furnished above is true to the best of my
knowledge.

Signature………………………
Zubayer Bin Mohammad
Examination Roll: 171235

x
 CHAPTER- I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Introduction

1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Definition of Terms
1.4 Delimitation
1.5 Limitation
1.6 Objectives of the Studies
1.7 Significance of the Study
1.8 Hypothesis

1
 CHAPTER-I

1.1 Introduction
Gymnastics is an important aspect of physical fitness and health, and has been an integral part of
human physical activity since the ancient Greeks (Petrou, 2018). Gymnastics is a physical activity
that involves gymnastic components such as tumbling, vaulting, swinging, balancing, and
performing on apparatus (bars, beams, rings, etc.) (Nelson, 2020). Gymnastics is a sport that tests
physical strength, endurance, agility, and coordination (Morgan, 2020). It is a great way to build
muscle strength and improve flexibility, balance, and coordination, while also having fun (Petrou,
2018). It is also a great way to increase coordination, power, and balance, as well as improve
posture, body control, and body awareness (Weber, 2018). Gymnastics can improve physical
health, mental health, and overall well-being (Morgan, 2020).
It is an activity that can be enjoyed by people of all ages (Cheng, 2015). Because of its physical
and mental benefits, gymnastics can be beneficial for both children and adults (Cheng, 2015). The
sport is usually divided into two categories: artistic gymnastics and rhythmic gymnastics (Heitz,
2012). Artistic gymnastics focuses on using advanced body positions and movements to perform
specific skills on the floor, beam, and vault (Heitz, 2012). Rhythmic gymnastics is a more graceful
form of gymnastics and involves the use of ribbons, balls, hoops, and ropes to perform complex
movements (Heitz, 2012).
Gymnastics has been an important part of the Olympic Games since the first modern Olympics in
1896 (Szabo, 2011). The sport has evolved and expanded over the years, with different events and
apparatus being added to the program (Szabo, 2011). Currently, the Olympic gymnastics program
includes artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, and trampoline (Szabo, 2011). Gymnastics is
also a popular sport in the Paralympic Games, with athletes competing in a range of events (Szabo,
2011). In addition to the Olympic and Paralympic Games, there are many other international
competitions for gymnastics, such as the World Championships, the World Cup, and the World
Games (Kouzios, 2011). Additionally, gymnastics is often included in school curricula, as it is a
great way to promote physical activity and health, and to develop motor skills and coordination
(Kouzios, 2011).
According to the Bangladesh Gymnastics Federation, the sport has been popular in the country
since the 1960s, and there are now more than 50 gyms in Bangladesh (Ahmed, 2016). Gymnastics
is a great way to stay fit and build strength, flexibility, and balance. It is also an important part of
the physical education curriculum in many schools (Md. Ismail, Uddin, & Chowdhury, 2017).
Bangladeshi gymnasts have achieved impressive results at both national and international
competitions. In 2014, the Bangladesh Gymnastics Federation held the first National Gymnastics
Championship, and the country has since seen athletes compete in international events such as the
Asian Gymnastics Championships, the South Asian Games, and the Commonwealth Games
(Ahmed, 2016). Gymnastics is an important part of the Bangladeshi sports culture. The Bangladesh
Gymnastics Federation works with the government to promote the sport and to provide training
for young athletes. The federation has been successful in growing the sport and providing more
opportunities for participation (Md. Ismail et al., 2017).

2
Gymnastics injuries can range from minor ones to more severe ones such as fractures, torn muscles
and ligaments, and sprains. Knee injuries are the most common injury in gymnastics, accounting
for about a third of all gymnastics injuries (Lafrenière, 2017). Other injuries include ankle sprains,
back injuries, wrist injuries, and shoulder injuries (Cousins, 2017). According to a study by Wilk
et al. (2014), the most common injuries in young female gymnasts are sprains and strains (21.5%),
fractures (17.5%), and contusions (13.8%). In adolescent female gymnasts, the most common
injuries are contusions (26.2%), sprains and strains (21.3%), and fractures (15.2%). Injuries to the
lower extremities are more common than upper extremity injuries (McCall et al., 2015).
It is a high-risk sport that can result in a wide range of injuries, including acute traumatic injuries
and long-term overuse injuries (Granacher, Muehlbauer, & Gollhofer, 2016). Acute injuries, such
as sprains and strains, can result from a single traumatic event and can be caused by a variety of
factors, including improper form, inadequate instruction, fatigue, and lack of warm-up or
stretching prior to activity (O'Connor, 2013). Overuse injuries, such as tendonitis, are caused by
repetitive movements and can be prevented by proper instruction, proper form, and adequate rest
(Granacher et al., 2016). Other factors that can contribute to injury in gymnastics include
inadequate supervision, lack of proper equipment, lack of flexibility, and improper technique
(O'Connor, 2013). Additionally, body composition and nutrition can affect the risk of injury, as
higher body weight and body fat can increase the risk of injury, while adequate nutrition is
necessary for proper muscle and bone development (Granacher et al., 2016).
Injuries in gymnastics are not uncommon due to the physical nature of the sport. In Bangladesh,
gymnastics athletes are susceptible to sprains and strains, fractures, dislocations, tendonitis, and
overuse injuries (Shahiduzzaman, 2019). A study conducted by Rahman et al. (2017) documented
that gymnasts in Bangladesh are particularly prone to ankle and knee joint injuries, which can be
attributed to the high intensity and complexity of the sport. Furthermore, gymnasts are also at risk
of suffering from spinal cord injuries due to over-stretching and over-rotation while performing
on the apparatus (Rahman et al., 2017). Additionally, head and neck injuries, such as concussions,
are also common due to the risk of falling and head trauma (Shahiduzzaman, 2019). It is therefore
important for gymnasts to be properly trained and supervised in order to minimize the risk of injury
while participating in this sport.
A study by Akhtar et al. (2018) sought to identify the risk factors associated with injuries in
Bangladeshi gymnasts. They found that lack of proper warm-up, lack of proper nutrition, and
inadequate supervision were the most significant factors associated with the risk of injury in
gymnastics. The authors concluded that proper implementation of warm-up, nutrition, and
supervision protocols could help reduce the risk of injury in gymnastics.
In conclusion, sprains, strains, fractures, bruises, and contusions are the most common types of
injuries among Bangladeshi gymnasts. Lack of proper warm-up, nutrition, and supervision are the
major risk factors associated with injury in gymnastics. Therefore, implementation of safety
protocols and preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of injury in gymnastics.

3
 1.2 Statement of the problem:

This study seeks to analyze the differences in injury patterns between male and female gymnastics
players. This research will examine the differences in the types, frequency, and severity of injuries
sustained by male and female gymnasts, as well as any potential risk factors that may be associated
with the differences in injury rates between the two genders. Man and Women gymnast participate
in different events in Gymnastics. And their body structure, physiology, psychology is identically
different. So researcher has taken initiative to reveal the injury nature in both the genders in
gymnastics.

1.3 Definition of Terms:

The most common form of competitive gymnastics is Artistic Gymnastics (AG), which consists
of, for women (WAG), the events Floor, Vault, Uneven bars, and Beam; and for men (MAG), the
events Floor, Vault, pommel horse, rings, Parallel bars, and Horizontal bar.

1.4 Delimitation:
1. Data was called through telephone interview.
2. Subject was only 50 males and 50 female gymnasts in each group.

1.5 Limitation:
1. Over phone it is not possible to worsted the psychology of the subject.
2. Time constrain for the research.
3. In availability of long number of subjects.
4. Getting time for interview from subject.
5. Insufficient source of funding for the study.

1.6 Objectives of the study:

i. This study will analyze the occurrence and prevalence of injuries in gymnastics and the effects
of gender on the risk of injury.
ii. The study will also evaluate the risk factors associated with injury in each gender, as well as the
differences in treatment, recovery and management of injuries in male and female gymnasts.

4
 1.7 Significance of the study:
i.The significance of this study is that it has the potential to provide important insight into the
differences in injury rates between male and female gymnasts.
ii.It can help identify risk factors for injury in male and female gymnasts, as well as provide guidance
for prevention and treatment of injuries.
iii.Additionally, it could provide valuable information for coaches, parents, and athletes about the
importance of proper training and conditioning for injury prevention.
iv.Finally, findings from this study could help inform future research and policy decisions in areas
such as safety guidelines and equipment requirements for gymnastics.

1.8 Hypothesis:
Ho = There is no significant difference in number and nature of injury between male and female
gymnastics.

5
 CHAPTER-II
LITERATURE REVIEW

6
 CHAPTER-II
LITERATURE REVIEW
Gymnasts competing in college can sustain injuries. The majority of short-term or all-female
studies that describe injury trends in college gymnasts (Westermann, 2015). Injuries are common
in collegiate gymnasts. The majority of short-term or all-female studies that describe injury trends
in college gymnasts (MJ, 1980).
Gymnasts competing in college can sustain injuries. The majority of short-term or all-female
studies that describe injury trends in college gymnasts (Lanese RR, 1990).
Gymnasts must train a lot of hours to be able to include abilities with a high degree of difficulty
with greatest perfection into their routines in order to perform at a high level and to satisfy the high
technical demands, with the goal of achieving the best result in competition. While male gymnasts
are more likely to have upper extremity injuries, female gymnasts are more likely to get lower
extremities injuries. The male competitors in events are far more prone to sustain wrist and hand
injuries as a result of their upper body-dominant skills. Ankle and foot injuries are more common
in women. With the exception of uneven bars, where upper body injuries to the shoulder or wrist
are more common, female gymnasts most frequently get ankle sprains on three of the four
apparatus (Kox, 2015).

Young gymnasts' risk of injury increases as their skill level and training time increase because they
spend more time doing increasingly difficult skills while under load. The likelihood of suffering
an injury rises as they use more power in their maneuvers. At the growth plate, wrist injuries are
also more common in younger players. Forces are conveyed to the growth plate as their wrists
lengthen under a load, which may cause pain and injury. Athletes between the ages of 10 and 14
exhibit this the most. In order to prevent wrist injury or treat it quickly, care should be taken to
analyze the overall volume and pain at this level (Saluan, 2015).
Due to the high level skills being performed at faster speeds and higher altitudes without the benefit
of crash pads and landing pits used in practice, injuries are more frequent during competitions.
Tragically, traumatic knee injuries, such as ACL tears, are the most frequent reason for extended
absences from sports, surgery, and medical exclusion from participation. Injuries as a result of
floor routines are the most common mechanism for ACL injury in gymnastics (Weber, 2014).

7
 CHAPTER-III
METHODOLOGY

3.1 The Subject

3.2 Criterion Measure
3.3 Procedure for Collecting Data
3.4 Procedure for Analysis of Data

8
 CHAPTER-III
METHODOLOGY
In the chapter the details procedure for selection subjects, equipment and tools for collecting data,
procedure for conducting data have been presented.

2.1 THE SUBJECT

A total of 50 males and 50 female gymnasts from Bangladesh were selected as the subject of this present
study. Their age range male from 14 to 42 and female from 14 to 32 years. Their Playing age male
from 6 to 32 and female 3 to 20 years.
Table -01 Age & Playing Age of the Subjects
Statistics Age Playing Age
Male (Year) Female (Year) Male (Year) Female (Year)
Minimum 14 14 6 3
Maximum 42 32 32 20
Mean 28 23 19 12
The above table -1shows that minimum age of male players is 14 years, maximum age of male
players is 42 years and mean age of male players is 28 years. Moreover, above table -1shows that
minimum age of female players is 14 years, maximum age of female players is 32 years and mean
age of female players is 23 years. The above table -1 also shows that minimum playing age of male
players is 6 years, maximum playing age of male players is 32 years and mean age of male players
is 19 years. Moreover, above table -1shows that minimum playing age of female players is 3 years,
maximum age of female players is 20 years and mean age of female players is 12 years.

Highest level played male & female

Highest Level Played-

Male

52% 48%

National International

Figure No: 01 Highest level played male.

The Above figure-1 shows that 48% male Gymnast were playing National Competition, and 52%
male gymnast were playing International Competition.

9
 Heighest Level PLayed
Female

National level
24%
International level
58%
Age level
18%

Figure No: 02 Highest level played female.

The Above figure-2 shows that 58% female Gymnast were playing National Competition, 18%
female gymnast were playing International Competition, and 24% Gymnast were playing age level
Competition.

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3.2 Criterion measure
Table No:02 Parameter

Parameter Measure

Age Year

Training age Year

Number of injury Number

Recovery time Number

Cost of injury BDT

3.3 Procedure for collecting data

Self-made validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was collected through over phone
call randomly selecting the subjects.

3.4 Procedure for analysis of data

Only descriptive statistical tool used to be analyzed collected data as per demand to the study
designee.

11
 CHAPTER-IV
ANALYSIS AND RESULT OF DATA

4.1 The Data

4.2 Presentation of Data and Analysis
4.3 The Results
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Discussion of Hypothesis

12
 CHAPTER-IV
ANALYSIS AND RESULT OF DATA

In this chapter the collected data for the present study have been presented. Statistical analysis of
data, results obtained from the analysis, discussion of the results and discussion of hypothesis have
also been presented in this chapter.

4.1 THE DATA

Self-made validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was collected
through over phone call randomly selecting the subject.
4.2 PRESENTATION OF DATA AND ANALYSIS
The raw data analyzed by standard statistical technique. Only descriptive statistical analysis has
been done as per the demand of the study. For better understanding the data have been presented
separately in the following tables and figures:

Question No. 1: Number of major injury faced by a Gymnast in playing age.

Figure: Response to the question no.-1

Number of major injury faced by a Gymnast in Playing

Age

42% Male
58% Female

Figure No:03 Number of major injury faced by a Gymnast in playing age.

The above figure:3 shows that 58% number of major injury faced by male gymnast in playing age,
and 42% number of major injury faced by female gymnast in playing age.

13
Question No.2: INJURY OCCURRED IN THE BODY PARTS
Answer to the question no.:2
Table No.:03

Injury occurred in the body parts

Male Female
Wrist 11.62% 16.17%
Elbow 10.46% 7.35%
Shoulder 22.09% 10.29%
Neck 8.13% -
Back Pain 2.32% 1.47%
Knee 20.93% 26.47%
Ankle 24.41% 38.23%
Total 100% 100%

Injury occurred in the body parts

The above table-3 shows that 24.41% male gymnast were suffer from ankle injury, 22.09% male
gymnast were suffering from shoulder injury, 20.93% male gymnast were suffering from knee
injury, 11.62% male gymnast were suffering from wrist injury, 10.46% male gymnast were
suffering from elbow injury, 8.13% male gymnast were suffering from neck injury, 2.32% male
gymnast were suffering from back pain injury. The above table-3 also shows that 38.23% female
gymnast were suffer from ankle injury, 26.47% female gymnast were suffering from knee injury,
16.17% female gymnast were suffering from wrist injury, 10.29% female gymnast were suffering
from shoulder injury, 7.35% female gymnast were suffering from elbow injury, 1.47% % female
gymnast were suffering from back pain injury.

14
Question No. 3: TIME REQUIRED TO RECOVERED FROM MAJOR INJURY.
Figure: Response to the question no.-3

TI ME R EQU I R ED TO R EC OVER ED FR OM
MA JOR I N JU RY

74%
68%

Male Female

32%

26%

YES NO

Figure No:04 Time required to recover from major injury.

The above figure no-4 shows that, 68% male gymnasts were recovered from major injury and 32%
male gymnasts weren’t recovered from major injury. The above figure no-4 also shows that 74%
female gymnasts were recovered from major injury and 26% female gymnasts weren’t recovered
from major injury
.Question No. 4: COST REQUIRED TO CURE THE INJURY
Figure: Response to the question no.-4
Table No.:04
Cost of Injury
Male Female
Maximum Cost 600000 270000
Minimum Cost 7000 6000
Average Cost 50920 20720

The above table-4 shows that the cost of injured male & female Gymnast. Their maximum cost of
male gymnast is 600000 and minimum cost of male gymnast is 7000. There are 50 male injured
gymnasts cost 2546000. Average cost of the male gymnasts are 50920.The above table-4 also
shows that the cost of injured male & female Gymnast. Their maximum cost of female gymnast is
270000 and minimum cost of male gymnast is 6000. There are 50 female injured gymnasts cost
1036000. Average cost of the male gymnasts are 20720.

15
Question No. 5: Source of financial support
Figure: Response to the question no.-5
Table No.:05

Source of financial support

Source Male Female
Family 64.91% 94.11%
BKSP - 1.96%
Federation 29.82% 1.96%
Charity 1.75% -
Govt. 3.50% 1.96%
Total 100% 100%
Source of financial support

The above table-5 shows that 64.91% injury cost of the male gymnast were carried by family,
29.82% injury cost of the male gymnast were carried by Federation, 3.50% injury cost of the male
gymnast were carried by Government, 1.75% injury cost of the male gymnast were carried by
Charity. The above table-5 also shows that 94.11% injury cost of the female gymnast were carried
by family, 1.96% injury cost of the female gymnast were carried by Federation, 1.96% injury cost
of the female gymnast were carried by Government, 1.96% injury cost of the male gymnast were
carried by BKSP.

16
Question No. 6: After injury whether you could/could not Return to sports
Figure: Response to the question no.-06
Table No.:06

After injury whether you could/could not Return to sports

Source Male Female

Return 96% 100%

No Return 4% -
Total 100% 100%

After injury whether you could/could not Return to sports

The above table-6 shows that 96% male gymnast were return to play and 4% gymnast were not
return to play. The above table-6 shows that 100% female gymnast were return to play.

17
Question No. 7: Whether you could be recovered performance level after recovery from
major injury.
Figure: Response to the question no.-7
W h e t h e r y o u c o u l d b e r e c o v e r e d p e r f o r ma n c e l e v e l a f t e r
r e c o v e r y f r o m ma j o r i n j u r y
74%
58%

Male Female

42%

26%

YES NO

Figure No:05 Whether you could be recovered performance level after recovery from
major injury.

The above figure-5 shows that 58% male gymnast back to the previous performance level and 42%
male gymnasts were not back to the previous performance level. The above figure-5 also shows
that 74% female gymnast back to the previous performance level and 26% female gymnast were
not back to the previous performance level.

18
4.3 The Results
Here we can see that, 58% number of major injuries were faced by male gymnasts in playing age.
On the other hand, 42% number of major injuries were faced by female gymnasts in playing age.
Rather that, 24.41% male gymnasts were suffered from ankle injury, 22.09% shoulder injury,
20.93% knee injury, 11.62% wrist injury, 10.46% elbow injury, 8.13% neck injury and 2.32%
back pain injury.
We can also be informed that, 38.23% female gymnasts were suffered from ankle injury, 26.47%
knee injury, 16.17% wrist injury, 10.29% shoulder injury, 7.35% elbow injury and 1.47% back
pain injury.
On the matter of recovery, 68% male gymnasts were recovered from major injury but 32% male
gymnasts weren’t recovered from major injury.
Whereas, 74% female gymnasts were recovered from major injury but the rest 26% female
gymnasts weren’t recovered from major injury.
Now comes the topic of the cost of injured male & female gymnasts. The maximum cost of male
gymnast is 600000 tk, and minimum cost of is 7000 tk. There are 50 male gymnasts injured cost
2546000 tk. Average cost of the male gymnasts is 50920 tk. The maximum cost of female gymnast
is 270000 tk and minimum cost of male gymnast is 6000 tk. There are 50 female gymnasts injured
cost 1036000 tk. Average cost of the male gymnasts are 20720 tk.
64.91% injury cost of the male gymnasts were carried by family, 29.82% were carried by
Federation and 3.50% were carried by Government, 1.75% were carried by Charity. For the female
gymnasts 94.11% injury cost were carried by family, 1.96% were carried by Federation, 1.96%
were carried by Government and 1.96% were carried by BKSP.
96% male gymnasts were return to play and 4% gymnasts were not return to play. But 100%
female gymnasts were return to play.
58% male gymnasts were back to the previous performance level but 42% were not back to the
previous performance level. 74% female gymnasts back to the previous performance level and
26% were not back to the previous performance level.

19
4.4 Discussion
Probably male gymnastics events are more dangerous to injury than female events. There are 58%
number of major injuries were faced by male gymnasts in playing age and 42% number of major
injuries were faced by female gymnasts in playing age and 68% male gymnasts were recovered
from major injury but 32% male gymnasts weren’t recovered from major injury, but 74% female
gymnasts were recovered from major injury and the rest 26% female gymnasts weren’t recovered
from major injury. 58% male gymnasts were back to the previous performance level but 42% were
not back to the previous performance level. 96% male gymnasts were return to play, and 4%
gymnasts were not return to play. But 100% female gymnasts were return to play. 74% female
gymnasts back to the previous performance level and 26% were not back to the previous
performance level.

4.5 Discussion of Hypothesis

Ho = There is no significant difference in number and nature of injury between male and female
gymnastics, but it is rejected as there is significant difference in gymnastics injuries between male
and female gymnast.

20
 CHAPTER-V
CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation

21
 CHAPTER-V
CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion:
In Gymnastics male receives more injury than the female.
Ankle injury take place the most in both the gender but next highest injury take place in male is
shoulder and female knee, and the third highest injury males receive at knee and female at wrist.
Some injuries occur at elbow, neck, back to both the genders.
Most of the gymnasts of both male and female were recovered from major injury. But the recovery
rate of female is higher than the male, they are respectively 74% and 68%.
Average cost of treatment after major injury for male is approximately half a lakh and for female
it is one fifth of a lakh that is nearly half of the cost of male. Though minimum cost is almost same
(BDT 6500), but max cost is almost double for male (BDT 600000) whereas female spent nearly
half of it (BDT 270000).
In the case of financial support, male gymnasts got less support than female gymnasts. But male
gymnasts got more and more financial support than female gymnasts from the federation. It is
approximately 27.86% more. But male gymnasts didn’t get any financial support where female
gymnasts got 1.96% support from BKSP.
The return rate after injury for male is less than female gymnasts. All the female gymnasts were
return after injury but for the male, the return rate is 96%.
The rate of back to the previous performance for both male and female gymnasts is higher than
couldn’t back rate. But individually, the rate is higher for the female gymnasts than male gymnasts.
The rate is for male and female respectively 58% and 74%.

5.2 Recommendation:
• Players and coaches should use the reviled information to reduce injury.
• Managers may formulate appropriate policy to tackle injury challenges from the findings.
• Sports physician may take appropriate preparation to meet emergency demands of
inhabitable injuries in Gymnastics.

22
 Reference
1. Morgan, T. (2020). The Benefits of Gymnastics for Adults. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellfit.com/benefits-of-gymnastics-for-adults-4152901
2. Nelson, C. (2020). The Benefits of Gymnastics. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellfit.com/benefits-of-gymnastics-4152538
3. Petrou, P. (2018). Health Benefits of Gymnastics for Children. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellfit.com/gymnastics-for-kids-benefits-4152473
4. Weber, M. (2018). 8 Benefits of Gymnastics for Adults. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellfit.com/benefits-of-gymnastics-for-adults-4152901
5. Cheng, A. (2015). The many benefits of gymnastics. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-many-benefits-of-gymnastics_b_8010282
6. Heitz, D. (2012). The benefits of gymnastics. Gymnastics World. Retrieved from
https://www.gymnasticsworld.org/benefits-of-gymnastics/
7. Cousins, S. (2017). Gymnastics injuries: Prevention and treatment. Sports Health, 9(3), 221-224.
8. Lafrenière, S. (2017). Injury prevention in gymnastics. Sports Health, 9(3), 187-189.
9. McCall, A., Hamilton, W., & Comstock, R. (2015). Epidemiology of US high school gymnastics
injuries, 2005-2007. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(8), 2011-2019.
10. Wilk, K.E., Meister, K., & Andrews, J.R. (2014). Injury patterns in adolescent female gymnasts.
The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(2), 488-494.
11. Granacher, U., Muehlbauer, T., & Gollhofer, A. (2016). Injury prevention in gymnastics: A
systematic review. Sports Medicine, 46(9), 1281–1296.
12. O'Connor, J. (2013). Gymnastics: Injury prevention and safety promotion. International Journal
of Sports Physical Therapy, 8(2), 99–105.
13. Rahman, M. M., Shohag, M. K. H., & Ahmed, S. U. (2017). Prevalence of Injuries in Gymnastics
among Different Age Groups in Bangladesh. International Journal of Current Research and
Academic Review, 5(2), 37–41.
14. Shahiduzzaman, M. (2019). Gymnasts’ Injuries: A Review of Literature. International Journal of
Advanced Scientific Research and Management, 4(2), 1–4.
15. Akhtar, M., Islam, M. K., Rahman, M. A., & Hossain, M. (2018). Risk Factors and Injury Profiles
of Bangladeshi Gymnasts: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Physiotherapy and
Research, 6(3), 2059-2064.
16. Ahmed, M. (2016). Gymnastics in Bangladesh: A brief overview. International Journal of
Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 3(2), 138-142.
17. Md. Ismail, M., Uddin, M. J., & Chowdhury, M. S. (2017). Status of Gymnastics in Bangladesh:
An Overview. International Journal of Research, 4(6), 1342-1346.
18. Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2002. p. 729.
19. "Injuries and violence". World Health Organization. 2021-03-19. Retrieved 2022-07-19.

23
APPENDICES
A. PICTURE
B. RAW DATA

24
APPENDICES-A
PICTURE

Moment of Data Collection

25
The Data Sheet

26
 APPENDICES-B
DATA SHEET-MALE
Source of Return/No Previous
Playing Highest Number Type of Body Part Recovery Cost of Financial return in Performance
Sl no. Name Age Age Level Played of Injury Injury of Injury Time Injury Support sports Level
Joint
1 Jamil 36 17 International 1 Injury ACL 1 year 125000 Family Return No
Joint Federation,
2 Borhan 26 14 National 2 Injury ACL 2 year 155000 Family No No
Joint Sholder
3 Masum 32 20 International 2 Injury and Ankle 6 Month 20000 Family Yes No
Joint
4 Minhazul 20 10 National 2 Injury Neck,back 1 Month 7000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
5 Emon 26 15 National 1 Injury Sholder 1 Year 30000 Family Yes No
Ankle,
Joint Sholder, Federation,
6 Rafi 21 10 International 6 Injury ACL 6 Month 160000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Federation,
7 Kitong 22 10 International 1 Injury ACL 4 Month 40000 Family Yes No
Joint Federation,
8 Ukhemong 18 10 National 1 Injury Sholder 3 Month 17000 Family Yes No
Joint Federation,
9 AL-Amin 22 8 International 1 Injury Ankle 2 Month 18000 Family Yes No
Joint Federation,
10 Shisir 23 14 International 2 Injury ACL, Ankle 6 Month 120000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Ankle,
11 Esad 29 18 National 3 Injury Neck 5 Month 27000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
12 Limon 26 9 National 2 Injury Neck,Wrist 3 Month 12000 Family Yes No
Joint Ankle,
13 Nijum 16 10 International 2 Injury Elbow 4 Month 22000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
14 Mongching 14 7 International 2 Injury Neck,Elbow 5 Month 70000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint Wrist,
15 Rafil 16 6 International 3 Injury Ankle 2 Month 12000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint Sholder,
16 Prenthoi 15 9 International 3 Injury Ankle 3 Month 14000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint
17 Tony 15 7 International 4 Injury Wrist, Knee 5 Month 19000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint
18 Uhaimong 17 9 International 1 Injury Knee 2 Month 12000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint
19 soykot 16 8 National 1 Injury Elbow 3 Month 22000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint Sholder,
20 Sajid 17 7 International 4 Injury Wrist, Neck 6 Month 40000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint Sholder,
21 Rajib 17 6 International 2 Injury Wrist 5 Month 27000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint Wrist,
22 Tonuray 16 9 International 2 Injury Chest 6 Month 37000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint Sholder,
23 Keling 16 10 International 2 Injury Ankle 3 Month 17000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint Charity,
24 Saddam 28 19 International 1 Injury Anlke 1 Year 137000 Federation Yes Yes
Joint Bangladesh
25 Nazrul 50 32 International 1 Injury ACL 2 year 100000 Ansar Yes No
Joint
26 Jibon 21 9 National 1 Injury Sholder 3 Month 22000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
27 Arif 21 9 National 1 Injury Knee 2 Month 16000 Family Yes No
Joint
28 Momin 21 9 National 1 Injury Ankle 2 Month 14000 Family Yes No
Wrist,
Joint Knee,
29 Saju 27 11 International 3 Injury Ankle 6 Month 76000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Sholder,
30 Shofiqul 22 13 International 2 Injury Ankle 8 Month 122000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Sholder,
31 Mahmudul 24 13 National 2 Injury Ankle 3 Month 36000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Wrist,
32 Md. Saju 18 7 National 2 Injury Ankle 2 Month 27000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Spinal cord,
33 Barkat 32 8 International 2 Injury Ankle Continue 600000 Government No No
Joint Sholder,
34 Kamrul 30 20 National 2 Injury Knee 8 Month 72000 Family Yes No
Joint
35 Mushfequr 36 22 International 2 Injury Neck, Knee 6 Month 40000 Family Yes Yes

27
 Joint Sholder,
36 Jahirul 36 22 International 2 Injury Ankle 5 Month 20000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Elbow,
37 Kalam 33 20 International 3 Injury Sholder 7 Month 25000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Ankle,
38 Mehedi 30 18 National 2 Injury Knee 3 Month 15000 Family Yes No
Joint
39 Milon 34 21 National 1 Injury Knee 2 Month 8000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Sholder,
40 Rony 38 16 National 2 Injury Wrist 5 Month 18000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
41 Joy 37 13 National 1 Injury Sholder 3 Month 12000 Family Yes No
Wrist,
Joint Elbow,
42 Ashraful 29 10 National 3 Injury Ankle 6 Month 20000 Family Yes No
Elbow,
Joint Knee,
43 Masud 29 11 National 3 Injury Ankle 5 Month 15000 Family Yes No
Joint
44 Forhad 26 11 National 1 Injury Elbow 5 Month 22000 Family Yes No
Joint Knee,
45 Shamim 26 9 National 2 Injury Ankle 6 Month 14000 Family Yes No
Joint Knee,
46 Shahinur 26 9 National 3 Injury Ankel 6 Month 14000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Neck,
47 Dulal 40 23 International 3 Injury Sholder 5 Month 28000 Family Yes Yes
Sholder,
Joint Elboe,
48 Amir 42 22 International 3 Injury Knee 4 Month 15000 Family Yes Yes
Joint Elbow,
49 Mobarak 32 16 National 2 Injury Knee 2 Month 10000 Family Yes No

28
 APPENDICES-B
DATA SHEET-FEMALE
Type
Sl Highest Numbe of Cost Source of Return/N Previous
no Ag Playin Level r of Injur Body Part of Recover of Financial o return Performanc
. Name e g Age Played Injury y Injury y Time Injury Support in sports e Level
Joint
Internation Injur
1 Sonia 21 10 al 2 y Elbow, Ankle 5 Month 15000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Internation Injur
2 Mishu 26 18 al 1 y Ankle 3 Month 26000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Internation Injur Continu Family,
3 bithi 25 17 al 1 y Knee e 25000 self Yes No
Joint
Internation Injur
4 Farjana 25 16 al 1 y Knee 2 Month 14000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Internation Injur 27000 Federatio
5 Nuri 21 12 al 1 y ACL 6 Month 0 n, B.K.S.P. Yes Yes
Joint
Internation Injur
6 Shanta 21 12 al 2 y Knee, Ankle 1 Year 40000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Internation Injur
7 Nargis 21 12 al 1 y Ankle 7 Month 32000 Family Yes No
Joint
Khin Injur
8 Khin 15 6 National 1 y Knee 2 Month 12000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Koi Injur 1.5
9 Naime 17 8 National 1 y Ankle Month 7000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Hlameha Injur
10 i 15 5 National 1 y Knee 3 Month 13000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
11 Sagorika 16 7 National 1 y Wrist 1 Month 8000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
12 Hlaking 17 7 National 1 y Sholder 4 Month 17000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Meme Injur
13 Sing 15 6 National 1 y Elbow 3 Month 22000 family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
14 Rui Tai 15 4 National 1 y Ankle 1 Month 8000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
15 Mita 15 5 National 1 y Knee 2 Month 9000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
16 Mayabi 16 4 National 1 y Ankle 2 Month 6000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
17 Yamaha 17 5 National 1 y Wrist 1 Month 7000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
18 Shimla 17 6 National 2 y Knee, Ankle 3 Month 15000 Family Yes No
Joint
Injur
19 Khadiza 17 5 National 1 y Ankle 2 Month 12000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Bornoful Internation Injur
20 y 16 8 al 2 y Knee, Ankle 4 Month 22000 Family Yes Yes

29
 Joint
Injur
21 Shoiki 14 3 Age level 1 y Wrist 1 Month 6000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur 1.5
22 Shifa 15 5 Age level 1 y Ankle Month 8000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
23 Rubaida 16 5 Age level 1 y Ankle 2 Month 8000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
24 suraiya 16 5 Age level 1 y Knee 2 Month 13000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
25 Newaz 14 4 Age level 1 y Wrist 1 Month 9000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
26 Nadia 15 4 Age level 1 y Ankle 2 Month 11000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
27 Sadia 14 5 Age level 1 y Ankle 2 Month 12000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur 1.5
28 Sharmin 15 5 Age level 1 y Wrist Month 8000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur 1.5
29 Achol 14 4 Age level 1 y Wrist Month 7000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
30 Khadiza 16 5 Age level 1 y Knee 2 Month 13000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
31 Esha 14 5 Age level 1 y Knee 3 Month 17000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Internation Injur Banglades
32 Anita 27 20 al 2 y Ankle, back 7 Month 60000 h Ansar Yes No
Joint
Injur
33 Arifa 22 7 National 2 y Sholder, Knee 6 Month 20000 Family Yes No
Joint
Injur
34 Julekha 19 8 National 2 y Elbow, Ankle 4 Month 18000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
35 Moni 24 8 National 2 y Knee, Ankle 3 Month 15000 Family Yes No
Joint
Injur
36 Fatema 17 6 National 2 y Sholder, Knee 2 Month 12000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur Wrist,
37 Sharmin 26 10 National 3 y Elboe,Ankle 7 Month 28000 family Yes No
Joint
Injur Sholder,Knee,Ank
38 Sithi 23 9 National 3 y le 6 Month 25000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
39 Tasnia 20 6 National 2 y Wrist, Knee 3 Month 18000 family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur Wrist, Sholder,
40 Keya 28 8 National 3 y Ankle 5 Month 15000 family Yes No
Joint
Injur
41 Monisha 32 10 National 3 y Knee, Ankle 6 Month 20000 Family Yes No
Joint
Injur
42 shorna 29 8 National 1 y Knee 2 Month 13000 Family Yes No
Joint
Injur
43 Rukaiya 26 8 National 1 y Ankle 1 Month 8000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
44 Nitu 28 10 National 2 y Wrist,Ankle 2 Month 16000 Family Yes No

30
 Joint
Injur
45 Sithi 24 7 National 1 y Sholder 1 Month 9000 Family Yes No
Joint
Injur
46 Sumaiya 22 7 National 1 y Knee 2 Month 13000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
47 Tonni 19 6 National 1 y Ankle 1 Month 7000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
48 Maisa 16 6 Age level 2 y Wrist,Ankle 1 Month 11000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
49 Happy 21 7 National 2 y Elbow, Ankle 2 Month 14000 Family Yes Yes
Joint
Injur
50 Rubina 22 6 National 1 y Sholder 4 Month 22000 Family Yes No

31