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60EDSS
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
(ATMEL/Avr/ARDUINO/ATMEGA328)

Introduction to
Embedded System

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Reference Texts / Website

1. Introduction to Embedded Systems: Using ANSI C and the Arduino
Development Environment - by David J. Russell
2. Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone! - by Steven F.
Barrett
3. https://microchipdeveloper.com/8avr:start
4. http://home.roboticlab.eu/en/avr/architecture

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Our Mission
To use what is taught, to design and program your own innovative
microcontroller devices

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Topics
1. Introduction to Embedded Systems
2. Number System & Data Types Project Applications
3. uC, CPU, Memory & IO
4. C Programming Basics
EDSS
5. Interrupts
6. Timer
- Overflow interrupt C-Programming
- Output compare
- PWM Hierarchy of Learning
7. Analogue-to-Digital Conversion (ADC)
8. Serial Communication
- UART
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- I2C
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That Something Xtra!

● Practical-oriented
● Open book Final Test
● Async Online Learning (Lecture) & F2f (Q&A + Practical)
● Lots of fun! XD

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Module Components
● Weekly
■ AOL (2 hours)
■ Q&A (1 hours)
■ Practical (2 hours)
■ Optional consultation (1 hour), starting from week
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Teaching & Assessment Schedule

● Time-table
● Assessment
● Final Test (Open Book) 25%
● Practical Tests 25%
● Two practical Tests 10% + 15%
● Project 20%
● Presentation & Report Submission 10% + 10%
● Practical (5 sessions) 20%
● Revision Quizzes 10%
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Be participative & ask questions!
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Tools & Resources

● Module Home page access through
○ https://politemall.polite.edu.sg/

● Simulation
○ TinkerCAD (https://www.tinkercad.com/)

● Physical Kit-set

● MS Teams

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Physical Kit-Set
● Each Kit-set contains the following:
○ 1) Arduino Uno + USB Cable
○ 2) Wires
○ 3) 2 Half-size breadboard
○ 4) TMP36 temp sensor
○ 5) LDR
○ 6) Potentiometer - 10k
○ 7) BJT - 2N3904 - TO92 package
○ 8) MOSFET - IRF710 - TO220 package
○ 9) Diode 1N4001
○ 10) LED - red x8, green x1, yellow x1 Additional components:
1) Bluetooth module HM-10 (UART Interface)
○ 11) Resistors - 470R x8, 10k x3 2) 5V Relay SPDT
○ 12) Push button x3 3) PIR Sensor
4) 7 Segment Display - Common Anode
○ 13) Slide switch x1 5) Ultrasonic Sensor (3 pin)
○ 14) Small DC Motor 6) Servo motor – standard
7) Pulse sensor
○ 15) 12Vdc adaptor
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○ 16) Container box to keep all these components
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Any Question?

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Objectives
Upon completing this lesson, you should be able to:
● Describe what an embedded system is
● Name some examples of embedded systems.
● State the features of embedded systems.
● Understand the overall objectives of EDSS

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Embedded System
What is an Embedded System?
● It is a computer system designed to control or operate a
particular application device. It is embedded(hidden) within
the larger system.
Compound
Annual Growth
Rate

Source: https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/embedded-system-market

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Examples of Embedded System

Sony Aibo ERS-110 Robotic Dog.

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Examples in the Context of BME

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Example of Embedded System

● Vending Machine
There’s an Embedded
System Inside

Display Output

Key Input
Microcontroller
based
embedded
System

Coin Input

Dispensing Mechanism 15
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Features of Embedded System

● They are microcontroller/microprocessor based system
● They are programmable
● The microcontroller/microprocessor is ‘hidden’ from the users
(Device is not seen as a computer)
● It runs a fixed* application non-stop upon power up
● It is optimized to execute specific application

* Note that for certain devices like a smartphone, they are having
features that we normally associate with computers. Still they
are generally viewed as a hand phone rather than a computer.

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Comparison
● Compare a general-purpose computer system (e.g. PC) with
an embedded system like a washing machine

Personal Computer Washing Machine

Can run more than one

application?

Can add devices e.g. a

joystick for games?

Can upgrade the processor

for better performance?
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Exercises
● Give 3 examples of devices with embedded systems in your
home?

● Do you know what computer chips are used in these

embedded systems?

● Identify some devices with embedded system that is used

with a PC?

● A car can have up to at least 20 embedded systems. Give 3

examples.

● Are there more embedded systems than PC in this world?

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Mission of EDSS
● To use what is taught, to design and program your own
innovative microcontroller devices
● What do you need to learn in order to achieve the above?
○ Interfacing:
■ Connect input/output devices to microcontroller
● E.g. LED (output), push button (input), etc
○ Programming:
■ Program the microcontroller to execute a set of instructions
■ Troubleshooting skills
○ Digital competencies
■ Info & media literacy skills in research, evaluate, interpret the results
○ Ask meaningful questions
■ An important skills in problem-solving!

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