‘ we ab Net Length of Iron (Unit-2 DC machines) Co : aren : The cores of magnetic circuits are built up with laminated shéets and these are insulated from each other by varnish (i., Kaolin clay or enamel). In order to improve the effective cooling of the machine, the length of the core is divided into pockets of about 40 to 80mm width separated by vent spacers. These vent spacers form ventilating ducts through which air is circulated. The ducts are radial as shown in fig.(a) and their width normally varies from 8 to 10mm. From above, itis clear that whole of the machine is not occupied by the iron. Some part of the length is taken by insulation between steel laminations and air spacers created by irregularities in thickness of lamination. Actual length of tron ina stack [tis used to define Iron space factor called stacking factor, K; = Total axial length stack of. . I Length of Iron inastack {tis used to define Iron space factor called stacking factor, K; = ‘eal eng of renin _ Total axial length od stack — oF < =z Grossiron length Ly = Length of slot portion conductor wd = Core Length length of ventilating ducts = L- nly mt 7 ae’ acl ~ G™ Netiron length = M(t nl) t Stacking factor Apu thickness of plete andthe type of insulating material employed. The manufacturers specify the H; fora single lamination, A0.9 may be assumed forall practical purposes. 2 =Real and apparent flux densities Boat Slot flux due to saturation in teeth The flux entering an armature from the air gap flows in teeth. The air gap flux while entering the tooth section divides along two parallel paths. One part is passing through the tooth. Other part is passing through the slot. As per concept, flux is only confined to iron only. But at higher flux density, a flux passing through slot becomes large and it cannot be neglected. Any calculation based on upon no slot flux leads to wrong result. As a result the real flux density in the tooth is always less than the apparent flux density. (Byeci < Bayp )Let, Boy =Apparent flux density; Bran; =real flux density Ys _ Total fluxinaslot pitch — $5 7 Tooth area ~ Ai Actual fluxinaTooth 9; -Tootharea =A, : Brea In actual machines, taking flux over one slot pitch (there are two parallel paths)1. Iron path We Li Area ofiron path, A; = Tooth width X Net tron length= W,X L; = = 2. Air Path Area of air path, A, = Tooth area — Iron area width X Net iron length €w,x l) “ = (Slot pitch X core length) - (W,X L;) Yo *#L = If flux over one slot pitch a 5 = oF % ; = flux passing through Iron over a slot pitch Q, = flux passing through air over a slot pitchOre OS Boer Brea + tex Bay Lo OM ------ Wwe aoe B, = flux density in air = [gH = 4m X 10-7 'at'real = , = 2 = ire where ‘at real =mmf/meter across the tooth for tooth density , Bea! yout 2 2 = A air area: Ly,—L,W, —_— In equation (1) K= — = ———= wea “Ar iron area LW \ a . . ke Ms — 714! From (2) , Breat = Bapp — 4m X 1077 ‘at real * K vy se \we Breet = Bayp — 410 X 1077 'at' real (25\— real = Bopp — 40 at real LW, ue Breat = Bapp — 41 X 1077 'a = ; Total L itch ‘otal area over a slot pitc Where Ks =1+K = —“ “errr = Iron area over a slot pitch1, Calculate the apparent flux density at a particular section ofa tooth from the following data: Tooth width =12mm; slot width =L0mm; gross core length =0.32mm; number of ventilating ducts =4 each 10mm wide; real flux density = 2.2 wh], Permesbilty of teeth corresponding to real fu density: 31.4 10° H/m: stacking factor 0.9, a We = mm Ws = vommen ) eotlm wy = Wa 2 isan. Bray = De Browne = ZV ewe & \va ) Sie on geog e Bea + Cen ee eae re CH) opr : we eet 2A Sak Veo = ~ = gq eet ak ved = Te083-Gihe Tie abana Lea a asaw : = 3 osu ALES kos zat earn *ITeio > Boge = 22 4 (QK#IS )xe To0e3- CEL 33-1) Rago = ae oe wom? th ae1. Determine the apparent flux density inthe teeth of a DC machine when the real flux densitys 2.15 wh/m: slot pitch is + Dom, Slot width is 10mm and gross core length 0.36m. The number of ventilating ducts is 4, each 10mm wide, The : pee fora flux density of 2.15 W/m? i 55000 AT/mn. The iron stacking factor is 9, | Bye = 2 Win \m* ) Ngt Atm Ws = 1S Last Ygs YG, Wa=torm, Dak veal > GGeeo AT\w. Ki = od - - = 2B—-WW = NSN We = bs-Ws e Ct reie )# WH ren\ \¥S— ') Bape = DSrew\ 4 \& Ly eg = yas Linte ox) Li = CL = outs earnihe Tie ie aust Cave!) £55089 # UNSER Boge = | Beppe arte wee eratePree Qrsewwd : Vem Gee 3. Find the apparent tooth densty at a section ofthe toth inthe following case when the real toth density at that section is 15 Wofm’, Goss armature length is 32cm, numberof ventlating ducts = 4, each {cm wide Toth with at the section 1.2m slot width= cm, Parmeaityofthe tet corespondng to real tooth deny = 3881 10° 8 = Re Ae tol 4, Calculate the apparent fluc density atthe armature tooth section of DC machine from the following data at that section, slot pitch 25cm; sot width 12cm, lenth of armature cre including 5 ducts each Lom wide is 45cm; core stacking factor is 092, Real flux density inthe tooth at the section is 2.2 Tesla, for which ampere turns required per meri TO, Bago 2 BR OW