C1: Agriculture Production

System
Professor Dr. Ahmed Jalal Khan Chowdhury
Dr. Syahirah binti Haji Shahlehi
Week 1: 10th January 2023, Tuesday
At the end of the sessions
the students will be able to
know…
✓ Concept of Agricultural Production System.

✓ Agricultural Production Systems and their

Determinants (Factors)

✓ Characteristics of Agricultural System.

✓ Importance of Agricultural Systems and Production.

✓ Principles and Fundamentals of Agriculture

Production System.

✓ Farming System and its Characteristics.

✓ Basic Concept on Food Security and Nutrition.

✓ Main Challenges to Food Security.

✓ Production related to Food Security and Nutrition.

 What Is Production In Food System? What Are The Characteristics Of Agricultural
System?
i. Food production includes factors such land use for
1) It takes a holistic (general) or systematic approach.
agricultural purposes (land use).

2) It is farmers' engagement in the identification and settlement of

ii. Land ownership distribution within communities and regions
(land tenure) and soil management. issues.

iii. Crop selection and breeding. 3) It encourages farmer participation.

iv. Management of crops and livestock as well as harvesting. 4) It depicts location-specific technological solutions.

5) It is intended for a particular clients: small and marginal farmers.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
6) It utilizes a bottom-up approach.
Agricultural production systems: A farmer's utilization of
available resources to meet his needs for food, fuel, and fiber. What Is The Most Important Part Of
Agricultural Product: The cultivation of crops and the raising of
Agricultural Production?
livestock, poultry, and aquaculture in monoculture or integrated Nutrient deficiency in crop production is one of the major constraints to
crop-livestock-poultry-aquaculture systems for the primary
the development of an economically successful agriculture production.
purpose of food production
In modern agriculture, maximizing and sustaining crop yields are the main
objectives and most important parts of agricultural production.
Agricultural production systems can be classified according to the following general categories:
1. Subsistence farming
Smallholder farmers produce food (crops or
livestock) for themselves and their family.
Inputs, such as fertilizer and better seeds, are
often lacking, resulting in low productivity. 5. Arable farming
Farmers only grow crops at small or
commercial scales.
2. Pastoral or livestock farming
Pastoral farming only produces livestock and
no crops. It was also used to fertilize grazing
fields or farms for the production of livestock
feed.
6. Plantation or tree crop farming
Often found in tropical climates,
3. Nomadic farming plantation farming is characterized by
monoculture at commercial scales (>
Similar to pastoral farming, herders relocate
40 hectares).
their livestock in search of suitable grazing
land and water. Livestock typically consists of
cattle, sheep, goats, camels, horses, and
donkeys.
7. Mixed farming

4. Shifting cultivation Farmers grow crops and raise livestock

Farmers clear a plot of forested land by cutting
down or burning vegetation. Wood products
may be used for timber or other purposes. The
newly cleared land is used to grow crops.
at the same time on the same piece of
land. Mixed farming is typically
practiced at small to medium scales.
Agroforestry systems encompass
aspects of mixed farming.
 What are examples of Agricultural Systems?
Following systems are responsible for Agricultural Farming Systems:

1. Legume System 2. Cropping System 3. Tillage (Ploughing) System 4. Poultry, Aquaculture, 5. Ecosystems
Livestock Farming System

6. Organic Farming 7. Agroforestry System 8. Fertilization System

System
 How many Principles of Good Agricultural What are the SEVEN (7) Basic
Practices are there? Principles of Crop Production?
This GAP Scheme Comprises Three (3) Important Areas or Sections: There are about seven (7) basic principles of crop production,
which include the preparation of
i. Standards for GAP;
ii. Structure for implementation in the country; 1. Soil,

iii. Certification and accreditation aspects. 2. Sowing,

These three (3) parts comprise the complete scheme. 3. Manure and fertilizers,

4. Irrigation,

5. Weeding,
What are the Basic Principles of Agriculture?
6. Harvesting
The basic principles of farming are:
7. Proper storage.
1. Choose the right time for farming,
2. Plough (till) the soil,
3. See to its fertility and moisture,
4. hoe (pick over) early to see the marketable size
5. and harvest early.
 What Is The Difference Between
Agricultural System And Farming System?
The agricultural system, which encompasses production, research, and
development, engages in agricultural activities.
Agricultural Production Systems and
Their Determinants (Factors)
The "farming system" is the science or function of farming, which
includes the cultivation of soil for crop production and rearing animals
for food, wool, and other goods.

Agricultural Production Systems Are

Determined By The Following Factors:
1. The production activity (crop, animal, or integrated crop/animal
production).

2. The organizational form (e.g., small-scale family or large-scale

industrial farm).

3. The climatic (e.g., tropical, temperate) and other environmental

conditions (e.g., soil properties).

4. Socio-economic factors (e.g., population density, land availability,

agrarian (agricultural) policy, farm and market structures).
 Why Are Agricultural Systems Important? What is difference between direct and indirect
material?
Agriculture provides the largest share of food supply and ensures a
critical number of ecosystem services. (e.g., food provisioning). There are two types of materials:

i. Direct materials are raw materials that are directly processed

Agriculture produces a variety of raw materials, including cotton,
into finished goods.
sugar, wood, and palm oil, among others.
ii. Indirect materials are used to make things, but they can't be
In ways that most people are unaware of, these materials are essential to
linked directly to a certain good.
major industries, such as the manufacturing of medicines, diesel fuel,
and plastic.

Therefore, agriculture is vital for food security and supports the

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 2 - zero hunger) as well as other
SDGs.
 FARMING SYSTEMS Types of technologies used

The farming system can be classified according to the following Determining the intensity of production and integration of

criteria: crops, livestock, and other activities.

1. A base of available natural resources, including water, Type of Crop Rotation

land, grazing areas, and forests Natural, unused, ley system, field system, and system with

2. Climate. perennial crops.

3. Landscape composition and topography. Type of water supply

4. Farm size, tenure, and organizational form. Irrigated or rainfed: Level of annual and/or perennial crops
used
5. Dominant pattern of farm activities and household
livelihoods, including field crops, livestock, trees, Cropping Pattern

aquaculture, hunting and gathering, processing and off- Integrated, mixed, or separated cropping and animal
farm activities. husbandry
 Origin of Important
Food Crops

Why Are Agricultural Systems

Important?/What Is The Most
Important Factor Of Agricultural
Production?

Soil fertility is one of the most important factors in

crop production.

Its ability to sustain crop production is

determined by the entire of its physical,
chemical, and biological characteristics.
 How do you determine the state of food security?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Food Security is

comprised of three (3) Main Pillars;

(1) Food Availability (2) Food Access (3) Food Use

The Food and Agricultural Origination then included Another Pillar, which is
Stability of these three (3) Pillars over time.
 How Is Food Security Related To Food
Production?
At the national and regional levels, food security implies the assured
availability of food through production, stock depletion, trade, or food aid to
meet minimum requirements per capita as well as to meet any
Why Is Food Security And Nutrition
Important?
unexpected shortfall for a brief time.
Food insecurity puts a huge strain on worker productivity, healthcare
How Is Nutrition Related To Food Security? costs, and military readiness. It affects racial and ethnic minorities,
Food security is defined as the availability and accessibility of food for all people with low incomes, and people who live in rural and remote areas
people, whereas nutrition security requires the consumption of a diverse more than other groups.
range of foods that provide the necessary nutrients.
What Is The Role Of Agriculture In Food And
What Are The Four (4) Social Factors That
Nutrition Security?
Influence Food Security?
The growth in agriculture sector has a much higher impact on food security
Food insecurity may be long-term or temporary. The risk of food
than any other sector.
insecurity increases when there is little or no money to buy food. It may
be influenced by four factors, including: Therefore, agriculture may play a significant role in how many nations
accelerate economic growth and create jobs.
i. Income,

ii. Employment,

iii. Race/ethnicity, and

iv. Disability.
 What Are The Main Challenges To Food
Security?

Challenges

More
Increase Rising Falling Demand Increasing Melting
Rising Increasing Slowing Climate
The Price Incomes; Water for Food Soil Water
Population Demand Irrigation Change
of Food Dietary Tables and Food Erosion Reserves
for Food
Changes Waste