CHAPTER I: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

A. ETYMOLOGY:

Gathered recollections from the elders described the place as originally

rice fields tilled by families from Sumadel (adjacent barangay). It is observed
that the present residents of Bunga are related to the families of Kayan,
Sumadel and Tadian.

Most common recollection is the incursion of the headhunters who

preyed on the farmers tending their rice fields near the area known as Mailek.
Such incursion necessitated a settlement in Bagtey, which is now the center
purok of Bunga.

A few respondents spoke of fruit bearing trees in the area, which may
have led to the name of the place – Bunga as vernacular word for fruit.

Origin of the People

Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards on the 16 th century, Kayan, Tadian,

Lubon, Sumadel and Masla were already established barangays. Likewise,
some lived in their farms. Unfortunately, a man named Pesyocong from Lubon
who was sick with leprosy was exiled in Maelek where he lived alone. In
Bubuwen, a farm between Tadian and Lubon were occupied by Bagsowat,
Petewan, Amado, Sakyat and Naag, while Bunga was a farm with abundant
fruit trees located between Tadian and Lubon was occupied by Lodeg. It was
impossible to trace the origin of these people, however, they presumed that
they came from already established barangay who hid themselves from
rampant tribal wars and headhunting. Finally, they cultivated the land and
lived there. In Sumadel, some settlers especially due to tribal wars and the
discrimination between the rich and the poor. Accordingly, the poor were
brought to the enemies. Because of this, the poor united themselves to leave
during night time. When they were about to start, a woman with small children
requested to postpone the trip anticipating her difficulties to travel a far
distance with her small four children. However, her father Coponan went
ahead and finally reached a pastureland near Maelek, named Pukaw. He built
a hut there then went back to Sumadel to get his daughter and grand children
toward Pukaw. On their second night travel, they spotted a light in Maelek.
Since they were alone, they decided to transfer to Maelek and joined the
exiled Pesyocong. They started tilling the soil with the help of their children
Obanan, Gimmapo, Pagat and Ngetelan who were very industrious. As years
passed, they grew up as adults but they were not satisfied secluding
themselves. Obanan, the first child thought of going to Masla where he
married then he went back to Maelek. The following year Gimmapo, the
second child and Pagat also thought of traveling. Gimmapo went to Lubon
while Pagat went to Kayan where they also married and they went back to
Maelek. The last child Ngetetan was left unmarried but later he went to Tadian
and married Kangkangan. He took his wife to Maelek and settled there.
Settlers in Maelek increased due to the arrival of settlers from adjacent
villagers who attacked by headhunters.

1
 When the Spaniard Missionaries extend their visits as far as Daing,
Cervantes, Illocos Sur, they incidentally saw the place, Maelek. They
convinced the settlers to go down to Daing for the reason that it was a plain
area and nice place to live in. Some were convinced but others refused due
to the tribal killers and the prevailing condition of unusual sickness that killed
settlers in Daing. Some settlers of Maelek claimed that the sickness was
caused by anitos (bad spirit), so many refused to go. The settlers who went
down to Daing were worried when the tribal killers attacked them and killed a
woman named Catalina after which they dispersed. Some went back to
Sumadel, Lubon, Masla and Bubuwen, while Ngetetan and his wife
Kangkangan went to join Lodeg in Bunga. The settlers at Bubuwen and
Bunga had increased in number.

Due to the shortage of food supply, Bagsowat took the courage to

move southward two kilometers away from his place and there he found a
fertile land where he built his hut, while constructed rice fields. Sakyat,
Petewan, Ngetetan and his wife followed until the area was populated.

Later, the two communities felt the difficulty on communication with

their neighbors that they constructed a bagtey (footbridge) linking Bunga
where Petewan resided and Anakwing where Bagsowat resided. During
moonlight the children met at the footbridge to play bagtey (a form of beam
balance) and this is the reason why this place was called Bagtey.

Not so long ago, Lodeg from Bunga joined Bagsowat’s group at Bagtey
for he was attracted to the good yield of crops and built his hut a half-
kilometer away. In order that the people be informed of his transfer, he
thought of celebrating sida (cultural feast) and he invited his neighbors. When
he sent somebody to catch his pig around the yard, the pig was not there so
he was surprised and wondered. Anyhow, the sida pushed thru using another
pig owned by one of his neighbors. A week after, the pig came home but
Lodeg noticed it was going away again. So he followed it and found it near a
big tree somewhere in Anakwing where he found a good source of drinking
water so he thought of building his house near this big tree.

The following year, Bagsowat also celebrated a bayas (big feast) and
during the bayas, an eagle stole one of his chicks and dropped it in Anakwing
where Lodeg resided. The old folks interpreted the incident as a sign of good
luck so he was convinced to transfer to Anakwing near Lodeg after his ngilin
(religious obligation). Years passed by, the settlers from Bubuwen, Gitley,
Kambaayan and from other sitios, followed Bagsowat and Lodeg. One time,
Bagsowat invited his neighbors to drink tapey (rice wine) in his house, as they
were drinking, they tried tracing each other’s ancestors and they found out
that Lodeg was the first who settled in Anakwing. The old folks named this
place Bunga in honor of Lodeg. The name Bunga became more popular when
the settlers at Bagtey went to Cervantes and sold their products. The
Cervantes people called them taga Bunga (fruit). When the Spaniard
Missionaries were organizing communities, they began registering sitios, and
they officially registered Bunga as one sitios. Many years passed, Bunga was
thickly populated, so others moved to Cabaruan, an adjacent place while
some settled to the salolongan (farm) named Guwaban.
2
 In 1940, another purok was established. They named this purok
Namontocan in honor of Cocoa and Totos, the first settlers in the year 1700.

B. SET-UP OF THE BARANGAY:

Bunga barangay is composed of three (3) puroks namely,

Namuntucan, Cabaruan and Bagtey, and two (2) sitios namely, Ginabang and
Maopong.
CHAPTER II: GEO-PHYSICAL PROFILE:

A. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:

Bunga is located on the western part of Tadian municipality. It is

bounded on the north by barangay Lubon, on the east by barangays Kayan
West and Poblacion, on the west by Cervantes, Ilocos Sur and on the south
by Aluling, Cervantes, Ilocos Sur

It is 7.5 kilometers away from Poblacion, Tadian, 36 kilometers away

from Bontoc (the provincial capital) and 125 kilometers away from Baguio
City.

B. LAND AREA:

Bunga is the second largest barangay in the whole municipality,

registering a total land area of approximately 9.94 square kilometers, with a
wider area of open land /open pasture land and forest/watersheds
representing 16.76% of the total land area of the whole municipality of Tadian
which is 14,942 hectares.

C. TOPOGRAPHY AND SOIL:

It has moderately steepy slopes suitable for rice farms and

pasturelands.

1. Physical Soil Characteristics

Geologic characteristics as reported by the EAGER and NGO who

conducted the survey mapping and appraisal on all CHARMP areas are
classified as agglomerate and meta-volcanic mountains. Furthermore, soil
texture is loam. Topsoil is brown to yellowish brown in subsoil.

2. Chemical Soil Characteristics

Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium (npk) content in the area is

relatively low. Soil test conducted by CEDFI, 1995 on forest land shows that
the soil type is slightly acidic with a soil ph of 4.0 – 6.8.

On the first week of May, 2000, the office of the Municipal Agriculturist
thru its Agricultural Technician assigned in the area conducted soil sampling
3
analysis at the barangay. Soil samples were gathered from rice fields, umas,
forest land and agro-forest sites. Result not yet concluded.

D. CLIMATE:

Bunga is considerably under the temperate zone of Mountain Province

where the cool breeze of Benguet meets with the warm air of the lowland
Ilocos Sur. It falls under the first climatic type of Coronas System of
classification. This is characterized by two pronounced seasons, the wet
season, which starts from the month of May to November, and the dry season
that covers the rest of the months. Wettest months are from July to
September, coolest from December to February while the hottest months from
March to May. Bunga is relatively warmer compared to other nearby
barangays. This may be due to its nearness to the warm area of Ilocos Sur.

E. SURFACE DRAINAGES:

Bunga is blessed with one (1) river, situated between purok

Namuntocan and Cabaruan which drains at Amburayan River, and five (5)
creeks, which primarily supply water on rice farms and gardens, while as exit
of excess water from the barangay, see table 1.

Table 1
Inventory Of Surface Drainages
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Water Status
Names Of Creeks / Location Wet & Wet Usual Usage
River Dry Season Of Creek /
Season Only Water
In between
1. Bunga River Cabaruan & X For Irrigation
Namuntocan
2. Alinsawang Creek Alinsawang, Bunga X For Irrigation
3. Tombaga-Masapa Tombaga, Bunga X For Irrigation
Creek
4. Cadegwayan Creek Cadegwayan, X For Irrigation
bunga
5. Danas Creek Danas, Bunga X For Irrigation
6. Mabatang Creek Mabatang, Bunga X For Irrigation
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

CHAPTER III: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE:

A. POPULATION AND POPULATION GROWTH:

The total population of barangay Bunga in 1990 was 514, that in 1995
after 5 years, an slight increase of 29 was observed as compared to 1999 with
a sudden increase of 241 persons, while a decrease of 98 was noted on
2000, see table 2.

4
B. POPULATION DENSITY:

With a total land area of 9.94 square kilometers, then with a total
population of 514, 543, 784 and 686 persons in the following consecutive
years 1990, 1995, 1999 and 2000, thus with population density on each
mentioned year of 52, 55, 79 and 69 persons per square kilometer, see table
2.

Table 2
Population, Population Growth And Population Density
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
(+) Increase / (-) Decrease Population Population
Year Population Of Population Growth Density
1990 514 52
1995 543 (+) 29 0.01128 55
1999 784 (+) 241 0.11096 79
2000 686 (-) 98 (-) 0.125 69
Sources: 1990, 1995 & 2000: NSO, Bontoc.
1999: MPDO Survey, 1999.
2000: NSO, Bontoc.
Area: 9.94 sq. km.
C. POPULATION BY SEX & AGE GROUP:

C.1. Broad Age Group

In 1999, Bunga has a total population of 784 persons, comprised of the

child and youth group of ages 0 to14 years old with a population of 290,
comprised of 146 males and 144 females, then the working age group of ages
15 to 64 years old, with the largest total population of 445, which by 230 are
males and 215 are females, and those of ages 65 years old and above with
the least population of 49, comprised of 24 males and 25 females, see table
2.

C.2. Sex Ratio

Out from the total population of 784 in 1999, there are 400 males and
384 females, therefore with a male to female ratio of 1:1 or one (1) male is to
one (1) female, see table 2.
Table 2
Population By Age-Sex Group
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Age Group Male Female TOTAL
Under 1 Yr. Old 11 3 14
1–4 41 45 86
5–9 53 52 105
10 – 14 41 44 85
15 – 19 36 46 82
20 – 24 36 43 79
25 – 29 47 25 72
30 – 34 28 23 51
35 – 39 27 13 40
40 – 44 15 15 30
5
 45 – 49 13 15 28
50 – 54 14 14 28
55 – 59 5 7 12
60 – 64 9 14 23
65 – 69 8 7 15
70 – 74 6 8 14
75 – 79 5 3 8
80 and Above 5 7 12
TOTAL 400 384 784
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C.3. Dependency

From the total population 784 on the 1999 age group distribution, this is
largely composed of the working age group of ages 15 to 64 years old with a
population of 445 or 56.76% and the dependent group of ages 0 to 14 and 65
years old and above with a population of 339 or 43.24% of the total
population. From the working age group, dependency is 76.18%. Young
dependency is 65.17%, while old dependency is 11.01%.

D. HOUSEHOLD / FAMILY SIZE:

In 1990 there were 109 households, which decreased to105 in 1995,

then increased to130 in 1999 and again decreased to 126 in 2000, with a
family size of 5 for 1990, 1995 and 2000, while a family size of 6 in 1999
respectively, see table 3.

Table 3
Household / Family Size
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Year No. Of Households Family Size
1990 109 4
1995 105 5
1999 130 6
2000 126 5
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

E. PATTERN OF DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS:

Because of out-migration of other households to look for better jobs,

while others have acquired lands, rice fields and marriages to other places,
chances are destination to these places, then others also temporarily left their
houses and land properties assigned to trusted caretakers.

F. OTHER CLASSIFICATION:

F.1. Religious Affiliation

6
 There are nine religions that exist in the barangay wherein Roman
Catholic dominated the others with 45% engaged from the total household
population, then followed by other religious groups, see table 4.

Table 4
Household By Religious Affiliation
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Religion No. Of
Households
1. Anglican 23
2. Iglesia Ni Cristo 1
3. Ispiritista /CSPI 5
4. Jehova Witnesses 1
5. Latter Day Saints 1
6. Pagan 9
7.Santowala, Vision Paltiing 6
8. Pentecost 25
9. Roman Catholic 59
TOTAL 130
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

CHAPTER IV: SECTORAL PROFILES:

A. SOCIAL PROFILES:

1. EDUCATION:

1.A. School-Going-Age Population

There are 289 persons in the school-going-age group with ages 6 to 21

years old, which are distributed to the elementary, secondary and tertiary
levels, where in those at the elementary level are the highest in population,
while those at the secondary level are the least, refer to table 5.

Table 5
School-Going-Age Population
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Age Group Description Number Share %
6 – 12 Elementary 136 47.06
13 – 16 Secondary 64 22.15
17 – 21 Tertiary 89 30.80
TOTAL 289 100 %
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

1.B. Current Enrollment

Basing from the data gathered from 1995 to 1999, records showed that
enrollment at Bunga Elementary School averaged to 116 higher than the
enrollment of this year (2000) with current enrollment of 107, refer to table 6.
7
 Table 6
Enrollment For The Last Six (6) Years
Bunga Elementary School, 1995-2000.
Year Total Enrollment
1995 – 1996 115
1996 – 1997 125
1997 – 1998 101
1998 – 1999 125
1999 – 2000 110
2000 – 2001 107
Source: DECS, Tadian District Office.

1.C. Classroom / Teacher-Pupil Ratio

1.C.1. Classroom-Pupil Ratio: SY- 2000

The school has 6 classrooms with 107 pupils currently enrolled, thus
with a ratio of 1:18 or 1 classroom for every 18 pupils.

1.C.2. Teacher-Pupil Ratio: SY- 2000

There are 6 teaching personnel in this school with 107 pupils currently
enrolled, thus with a ratio of 1:18 or 1 teacher for every18 pupils.

1.D. Condition Of Existing School Building & Facilities

The school site has an area of 10,000 square meters with four (4)
existing school buildings namely, Marcos Pre-Fab, Bagong Lipunan School
Building, Fidel V. Ramos and New Building, see table 7.

Table 7
Existing School Facilities
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Type Of School Building Condition Of Building
1- Marcos Pre-Fab Condemnable
1- Bagong Lipunan School Needs Repair
Building
1- FVR Good
1- New Building Good
Source: DECS, Tadian District Office.

1.E. Out- Of- School Youths

In this barangay, there are 77 out-of- school youths, comprised of 49

males and 28 females. From this total, those of ages 17 to 21 supposedly in
the tertiary level are the highest in population, while those of ages 6 to 12
supposedly in the elementary level is the least, see table 8.

8
 Table 8
Out- Of- School Youths
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Age Group Male Female TOTAL
3–5 9 8 17
6 –12 0 1 1
13 – 16 10 8 18
17 – 18 11 4 15
19 –21 19 7 26
TOTAL 49 28 77
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2. HEALTH AND NUTRITION:

2.A. FERTILITY INDICES:

2.A.1. Births And Crude Birth Rate

For the last five (5) years, this barangay has a total live births of 68,
comprised of 33 males and 35 females, which by 1996 has the highest total
live births of 17, see table 9

With the barangay’s total population of 784 in 1999, and with a total live
births of 14, thus with a crude birth rate (CBR) for this year of 18 live births per
one thousand population.

Table 9
Live Births By Sex For The Last Five (5) Years
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Live Births
Year Male Female TOTAL
1995 4 6 10
1996 11 6 17
1997 7 4 1
1998 4 12 16
1999 7 7 14
TOTAL 33 35 68
Source: RHU, Tadian.

2.B. MORBIDITY INDICATORS:

2.B.1. For General And Infant

From the recorded causes of morbidity in all ages for the last five years
from 1995 to 1999, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the top most with the
highest total of persons infected, while Anemia has noted the least, see table
10.

9
 Table 10
Leading Causes Of Morbidity In All Ages
Barangay Bunga, 1995 – 1999.
Causes 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 TOTAL
1. ARI 18 22 16 24 21 101
2. Physical Exam./Check-up 12 18 12 15 18 75
3. Injuries 10 9 14 10 13 56
4. Skin Problem 9 6 12 15 9 51
5. Musculo Skeletal Disorder 6 7 10 14 11 48
6. Gastro-intestinal Disorder 6 10 6 10 10 42
7. Influenza 4 7 4 8 5 28
8. Anemia 4 4 6 2 6 22
Source: Rural Health Unit, Tadian.

B.2. Leading Causes Of Infant Morbidity

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) and Diarrhea are the only noted
causes of infant morbidity from the last five (5) years in this barangay, see
table 11.

Table 11
Leading Causes Of Infant Morbidity
Barangay Bunga, 1995-1999.
Causes 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 TOTAL
Acute Respiratory Infection 10 13 8 6 8 45
Diarrhea 4 8 5 6 4 27
Source: Rural Health Unit, Tadian.

2.C. MORTALITY INDICATORS:

2.C.1. Mortality In All Ages

Within the past five (5) years, the causes of mortality were noted
wherein Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Anemia were the leading causes, while
other causes comes next, see table 12.

Table 12
Leading Causes Of Mortality In All Ages
Barangay Bunga, 1995-1999.
Year Causes No. Of Death
Pneumonia 2
1995 Accident – Fall 1
Bronchial Asthma 1
Anemia 1
1996 Poisoning 1
1997 PTB pneumonia 1
Anemia 1
1998 Bronchial Asthma 1
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 1
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 1
1999 Anemia 1
Source: RHU, Tadian.
10
2.C.2. Crude Death Rate (CDR)

There are two (2) deaths in 1999, thus with a crude death rate for this
year of three (3) deaths per one thousand population.

2.C.3. Infant, Maternal And Young Child Mortality Rate

There was zero death on infant, maternal and child for the last five
years, from 1995 to 1999.

2.D. NUTRITION STATUS:

As per result of the barangay survey held in 1999, there are 113
children below 7 years old actually weighed, wherein a total of 24 are noted
malnourished, where as largely fall under the first degree- mild status while
the rest fall under the second degree-moderate status, see table 13.
Table 13
Number Of Malnourished Children By Age Group
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Actual Number Of Number Of Malnourished Children
Age Group Children Under 7 Yrs. Third Second First
Old Weighed Degree Degree Degree
Under 1 Yr. Old 0 0 3
1-4 Yrs. Old 113 0 1 17
5-Under 7 Yrs. Old 0 1 2
TOTAL 0 2 22
Source: Rural Health Unit, Tadian.

2.E. HEALTH FACILITIES, PERSONNEL AND SERVICES:

Bunga has no Barangay Health Station (BHS) such that a private

house serve as Catchment Area, since the barangay is included by barangay
Kayan East’s resident midwife in her area of coverage, assisted by the
Barangay Health Workers (BHW’s).

For most cases, the BHW’s are responsible for the maintenance and
promotion of healthy community.

2.F. SANITATION STATUS:

F.1. Manner Of Solid Waste Disposal

Burning and Composting are the types primary practiced by the
households in the barangay, while Throwing and Recycling are the least
practiced, see table 14.
Table 14
Household Solid Waste Disposal
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Types Of Solid Waste Number Of Household Percent (%) To Total
Disposal Engaged Household
1. Burning 127 97.69
2. Throwing 2 1.54
3. Dumping 88 67.69
11
 4. Composting 117 90.00
5. Recycling 2 1.54
6. Combination Of All 0 0
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

F.2. Sanitary Toilet Facilities

With the national government’s special program on Partnership and

Community Health Development (PCHD), almost every household has able to
avail and construct water sealed toilet, since this program has provided free
construction materials, that the labor only as contribution of the household.

As per result of the barangay survey held in 1999, Water Sealed are
the primary toilet facilities used by households in the barangay, while Pit Privy
Without Cover are the least, see table 15.

Table 15
Sanitary Toilet Facilities
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Number Of Household Percent (%) To Total
Types Of Toilet Facilities Engaged Household
1. Water Sealed 106 81.54
a. Plastic Bowl 103
b. Cement Bowl 3
c. Commercial Bowl 0
2. Pit Privy With Cover 20 15.39
3. Pit Privy Without Cover 2 1.54
4. No Toilet 2 1.54
TOTAL 130 100 %
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.
F. 3. Cemeteries And Burial Grounds

Bunga has designated an area as burial ground, but others still bury
their dead in their backyards.

3. SOCIAL WELFARE:

A. Nature Of Services And Facilities

Bunga is enjoying services rendered by the DSWD staff such as the

organization for Senior Citizens with 72 members, Day Care with 21 Day Care
Children handled by one Day Care Worker funded by the barangay, SEA-K
organization, KALIPI with 32 members and services to Persons With
Disabilities with a population of four (4), see table 16.
As to facilities, this barangay uses the Barangay Hall as Day Care
Center.

12
 Table 16
Inventory Of Disabled Persons
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Disabilities No. Of Persons Involved
Physically Disabled 3
Mentally Disabled 1
Physically and Mentally Disabled 0
TOTAL 4
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B. Common Causes Of Family Problems

As per survey result, Drunkenness is the only common problem with

three (3) households involved.

4. SPORTS AND RECREATION:

Basketball and Volleyball are the existing sports and recreation in the
community, with both well - maintained concreted courts.

5. PROTECTIVE SERVICES:

The barangay officials are the frontline keeping and maintaining peace
and order within the community with the help of the 7 barangay tanods and
concerned residents, such that, Bunga is generally a peaceful barangay,
however there are times when there are incidences of drunkenness causing
slight disorders, but of minimal cases. In cases when problems arise which
the barangay officials cannot handle, these request for the help and
assistance of higher authorities at the Tadian Police Station, which these
people in the authority willingly extend their duties.

6. HOUSING:

A. Households And Vacant Houses

The occupied households in 1990 were 109 and in 1995 were 105,
both with no data as to vacant houses, while in 1999, there are 130 total
occupied households and 10 vacant houses, see table 17.
Table 17
Occupied And Vacant Housing Units
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Housing Units
Year Occupied (H.H.) Vacant
*1990 109 No Data
*1995 105 No Data
1999 130 10
Sources: * NSO, Bontoc.
1999- Barangay Survey, 1999.

13
B. Occupied Housing Units By Type Of Construction Materials

Of the six (6) types of housing construction materials, only four (4) are
engaged by the households, where by Pure Wood and G.I. are widely
engaged, while Wood With Concrete First Floor is the least engaged, see
table 18.
Table 18
Occupied Housing By Type Of Construction Materials
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Types Of Construction Materials Number Of Households
1. Traditional, such as cogon and wood. 11
2. Pure Wood and G.I. 92
3. Wood With Semi-Concrete First Floor 23
4. Wood With Concrete First Floor 4
5. Concrete With G.I. Roofing 0
6. Pure Concrete 0
TOTAL 130
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C. Status Of Housing Ownership Including Its Lot

Of the three (3) status of housing ownership largely of the occupants

own the house these occupy except for the 19 households who are caretakers
or custodians of their occupied houses, see table 19.
Table 19
Status Of Housing Ownership
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Status Of Housing Ownership Number Of Households
1. Owned 111
2. Rented 0
3. Custodian 19
TOTAL 130
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

D. Households By Type Of Lighting Used

As per result of the 1999 barangay survey, Gas Lamp has been
identified as the primary used lighting by the households, then Electricity
comes next, while Others type follows, see table 20.

With the total of users of these mentioned household lightings, it has

exceeded the total households of the barangay, which indicate a dual usage
of lighting by some of the households.

Table 20
Households By Type Of Lighting Used
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Types Of Lighting Used Number Of Households
1. Electricity 65
2. Gas Lamp 72
3. Others 6
TOTAL 143
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

14
E. Households By Type Of Cooking Facilities Used

Households in the community are engaged with only two (2) types of
cooking facilities whereas, Wood is widely used, while LPG / Gasul comes
next. There’s a dual usage of these facilities as seen with the number of users
in the table, compared with the total barangay households of 130, since those
engaged to LPG / Gasul use wood also as facility, see table 21.
Table 21
Households By Type Of Cooking Facility Used
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Type Of Cooking Facility Used Number Of Households
1. Wood 126
2. Gas Stove 0
3. LPG / Gasul 64
4. Electric Stove 0
5. Others 0
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

F. Households By Status Of Electrification

Because of unaffordable housing electrification, only 43 out of the 130

total barangay households have availed direct services of the electric
cooperative, MOPRECO, 20 have indirect connections or connected to other
house, while the rest are not connected or rely on other house lightings, see
table 22.
Table 22
Status Of Household Electrification
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Status No. Of Household
1. Connected 43
2. Connected to other house 22
3. Not connected 65
TOTAL 130
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B. ECONOMIC PROFILES:

1. FINANCIAL RESOURCES:

A. Statement Of Actual Income And Expenditures

Based from table 23, the main source of barangay income comes from
the national budget respectively allotted per barangay, which is the Internal
Revenue Allotment (IRA), while other sources are from the local income.
On the disbursement of the income, largely fall on the Operating
Expenditures, while the rest are expended on Non-office Expenses, see table
23.
Table 23
Statement Of Income And Expenditure
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
INCOME / EXPENDITURE AMOUNT
A. INCOME
1. Share Of Real Property Tax P 3, 212.45
2. Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) P 290, 438.00

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 3. Miscellaneous Income 3, 000.00
TOTAL P 296, 650.45
B. EXPENDITURE
1. Operating Expenditure
a. Personal Services P 168, 300.00
b. Maintenance And Other Operating Expenses 25, 500.00
SUB-TOTAL P 193, 800.00
2. Non-office Expenditure
a. 20 % Development Fund 58, 087.60
b. 10 % SK Operation Fund 29, 665.05
c. 5 % Reserved For Calamity Fund 14, 832.52
SUB-TOTAL P 102, 585.17
TOTAL P 296, 385.17
UNAPPROPRIATED BALANCE 265.28
Source: Municipal Accounting Office, Tadian.

2. LABOR, INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT:

A. Major Sources Of Income
Farming and Labor are the top major sources of income to the
households, while other sources come from Salary, Business, Overseas
Employment, Honorarium, Pension and Others, see table 24.
Table 24
Major Sources Of Income
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Number Of Percent (%) To Total
Sources Of Income Households Involved Households
1. Farming 110 84.62
2. Salary 22 16.92
3. Labor 107 82.30
4. Business 21 16.15
5. OCW 13 10.0
6. Pension 11 8.46
7. Honorarium 12 9.23
8. Others 5 3.85
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.
B. Employment Status

B.1. Persons Who Completed Their Studies

There are 24 professionals in this place, which are divided into the
employed and the unemployed status. Those who are employed are 21
primarily engaged to self-employment, while the rest are unemployed, see
table 25.

Table 25
Employment Status Of Professionals Of The Place
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Employment (Number Employed)
Degree Self- Private Gov’t Un TOTAL
Farmin employe OCW Employed Employed employe
g d d
1. Civil Eng’g. 1 1
2. Commerce 1 1 2

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 3. Com. Sci. 1 1
4. Education 1 5 1 5 3 15
5. Midwife 2 1 3
6. 1 1 2
Reflexology
TOTAL 1 10 2 2 6 3 24
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B.2. Labor Force Employment Status

Those who are either employed, unemployed or still in school, that

belong to age bracket 15 to 64 years old are referred to as the labor force,
with a total of 452. From the total, largely are employed comprised of 199
males and 157 females, while those who are still in school come next with a
total of 58 comprised of 18 males and 40 females, then those who are
unemployed are the least, with a total of 38 with 12 males and 26 females,
see table 26.

Table 26
Labor Force Employment Status
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Number Of Persons
Status Male Female TOTAL
A. Employed
1. Farming 71 87 158
2. Government Employed 3 7 10
3. Business 1 13 14
4. Self-employed 1 4 5
5. Laborer 105 30 135
6. Private Employed 13 6 19
7. OCW 5 10 15
SUB-TOTAL 199 157 356
B. Still In School 18 40 58
C. Unemployed 12 26 38
TOTAL 229 223 452
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C. Poverty Incidence

In 1995, there were 116 total households in Bunga, whereby 91 are

below the poverty level, thus with a poverty incidence of 78.45 % obtaining a
municipal rank of 12 among the 19 barangays, while in 1997 with 125 total
households, 91 also are below the poverty level decreasing its poverty
incidence to 72.8 % while remaining its rank of 12, see table 27.

Table 27
Poverty Incidence
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Number Of H.H. Below Poverty Municipal
Year Households Poverty Level Incidence Rank
1995 116 91 78.45 12
1997 125 91 72.8 12
Source: MBN Survey: 1995 & 1997.

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D. Household Income Level

Income level is based on the gross earnings of all family members,

where as income levels of 70,000 and above and 40,000 to 49,999 are the
top levels with the highest total of households involved, while income levels of
10,000 to 14,999 has the least involved, see table 28.
Table 27
Household Income Level
Barangay Bunga, 1999
Income Level No. Of H.H.
Involved
Below 10,000 8
10,000 – 14,999 5
15,000 – 19,999 12
20,000 – 29,999 18
30,000 – 39,999 18
40,000 – 49,999 20
50,000 – 59,999 10
60,000 – 69,999 12
70,000 & above 22
Source: MBN Survey, 1997.

E. Local Wage Levels In The Community (Prevailing)

Prevailing wages vary between males and females, and to the skilled
and unskilled. On unskilled works such as farm labors, males are rated of one
hundred - fifty pesos (P150.00) per day, while one hundred (P100.00) for
females, both with provided lunch meals. On skilled works such as carpentry,
metal works, masonry and reproppings, the Master Laborers are rated of two
hundred pesos (P200.00), while the “Peon” of one hundred fifty pesos
(150.00) per day with provided dinner and lunch meals.

3. COMMERCE:

There are six (6) Sari Sari stores in the community, which sell essential
daily commodities.

4. INDUSTRY:

There are two (2) Iron and Steel Works and one (1) Woodworks in the
barangay. Iron and Steel works specialize steel windows, while woodworks on
chairs and tables, but operations are by need basis only.

5. FORESTRY:

The vast forest of the barangay is a combination of grassland, open

land, pasture land and watershed. Products are pine tress, “anes”, sticks and
wild life such as honey. Due to the resources provided by the forest, residents
protect this as watershed and as a source of livelihood.
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6. LAND TENURE AND OWNERSHIP:

The primary pattern of land ownership is through inheritance, by word

of mouth of old ancestors to their children then passed on to the next children,
which eventually declared owned through tax declaration. Land buying is
another pattern, but priorities are relatives of the owner.

As per record of the assessor of the declared properties in this

barangay, Pasture Land covered the widest area, followed by the Root Crop
Land, while Residential Land has covered the least, refer to table 28.

Table 28
Tax Declared Properties
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Type Area Covered (Has.) Percent (%) Distribution
1. Rice Land 70.5092 24.69
2. Root Crop Land 92.7456 32.48
3. Cogonal Land 14.6993 5.15
4. Residential Land 10.35696 3.63
5. Pasture Land 97.2332 34.05
TOTAL 285.54426 100 %
Source: Municipal Assessor’s Office, Tadian.

7. AGRICULTURE:

A. Household Farming Activities

Pure Palay farming is the primary activity engaged by the households,

then Palay and Vegateble farming comes next, while Vegetable and Livestock
farming is the least engaged activity, see table 29.

As indicated in the table, few only are engaged in livestock farming

since other households do not consider themselves as livestock farmers since
these raise only a few quantity of livestocks.

Table 29
Household Farming Activities
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Number Of
Types Of Farming Household
Engaged
1. Pure Palay Farming 45
2. Vegetable Farming 11
3. Palay & Vegetable Farming 29
4. Palay & Livestock Farming 2
5. Vegetable & Livestock Farming 1
6. All Types Of Farming 34
TOTAL 122
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

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B. Crop Production

B.1. Area Devoted To Agricultural Crop Production

Rice, irrigated and non-irrigated occupied the widest area of 89

hectares, followed by Sweet Potato, while Coffee has the least covered of
0.32 hectares, see table 30.

Table 30
Area Devoted To Agricultural Crop Production
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Major Commodities Area (Hectares)
1. Rice 89.0
Irrigated 55.0
Non –irrigated 34.0
2. Corn 2.0
3. Coffee 0.32
4. Beans 5.60
5. Sweet Pepper 1.0
6. Sweet Peas 0.50
7. Sweet Potato (Camote) 15.0
8. Banana 13.0
9. Mango 1.04
Source: Office of the Municipal Agriculturist, Tadian.
Barangay Screening Survey Results (BAS-Bontoc).

B. 2. Inventory Of Common Fruits, Bamboo And Other Related Plants

B.2.A. Common Fruits In The Barangay

The top three common fruits in the barangay are Banana, Coffee and
Mango, while the least common are Cherry, see table31

Table 31
Inventory Of Common Fruits
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Common Fruits Number Of Tree / Hill
1. Banana 965
2. Coffee 775
3. Mango 356
4. Avocado 221
5. Guava 163
6. Tiesa 153
7. Jack Fruits 143
8. Santol 135
9. Pomelo 112
10. Star Apple 97
11. Papaya 75
12. Guyabano 44
13. Citrus / Lemon 8
14. Coconut 9
15. Cherry 4
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

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B. 2. B. Bamboo And Other Related Plants

Tiger Grass “Tagadew” exist abundantly than others with 1,140 hills,
then Common Bamboo comes next with 72 hills, while Anes has noted only
one (1) hill, see table 32.

Residents utilize these plants into profitable products such as soft

brooms, bigao, labba and other handicrafts, since these are sources of
livelihood to some of the households.

Table 32
Bamboo And Other Related Plants
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Bamboo & Other Related Plants Number Of Hill
1. Common Bamboo 72
2. Bayyog 20
3. Bolo 2
4. Anes 1
5. Tiger Grass “Tagadew” 1,140
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C. Livestock And Poultry Production

C.1. Pasture Land

As per record of the Municipal Agriculturist, this barangay has three (3)
pasture land area, which benefit not only cattle raisers from this place, but
those from other places also such as Kayan, Poblacion and other neighboring
barangays. These pasture land area are as follows: Gayang, Camarin and
Am-am, see table 33.

Table 33
Inventory Of Pasture Land And Its’ Area
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Names Of Pasture Land Area (Has.)
1. Gayang 20
2. Camarin 10
3. Am-am 10
Source: Office of the Municipal Agriculturist.

C.2. Livestock And Poultry Products

As indicated earlier in Household Farming Activities, only few

households were noted engaged to livestock farming (Palay & Livestock
Farming; Vegetable & Livestock Farming), since these do not consider
themselves as raisers with a few quantity only of livestocks raised.

As per result of the 1999 barangay survey, Swine, Native and

Crossbreed are the primarily livestock produced since as a means of

21
livelihood to the households, while in poultry, Native Chickens only are raised,
see table 34.

Table 34
Livestock And Poultry Products
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Items Number
A. Livestock
Carabao 50
Cattle: Native 63
Swine: 129
Native 86
Crossbreed 43
Dog 90
Cat 48
Horse 5
Rabbit 1
B. Poultry
Chicken: Native 1,475
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

D. Fishing Grounds

Bunga has private fishponds for Tilapia production, with a total area of
0.072 hectares, with produced good for home consumption only, since the
method of production is by natural and there’s no technology applied to
increase and improve the production.

E. Agricultural Facilities And Related Services

E.1. Irrigation Facilities

There are four (4) Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS/CIP) to service

the farmers in this community, such as one (1) NIA Constructed CIP of 16
hectares service area and 55 beneficiaries and three (3) Farmers’
Constructed CIP of 23 hectares service area and 307 beneficiaries.

E.2. Other Agricultural Facilities

Residents in the barangay utilize the concreted playing courts for

drying their palays, legumes and other products, use the traditional mortar
and pestle to pound their rice, while use also improvised loading platforms
made out of bamboo and wood.

E.3. Financial Institution

There are organizations present in the barangay wherein members can

avail of financial assistance, but of minimal amount ranges from P500.00 to
P2,000.00 only, with interest rates which vary per organization. However, for
bigger amounts residents who are members of the Tadian Credit Cooperative
22
can avail of its services offered such as regular loans or all purpose of loans,
livelihood loan, salary loan and emergency loan, while accepts savings
deposits from members as well as non-members.

F. Market Destinations

Surplus products are brought and sold by farmers to Cervantes, Kayan

or Poblacion, or to other places such as Abatan, Bauko and Guinzadan to
barter with other goods.

CHAPTER V: NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT:

A. NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT:

The natural resources such as forest and water are managed and
protected by the dwellers from destruction such as forest fires and denudation
to prevent water shortage and pollution, to maintain the natural resources’
beauty.

As management of the forest, the DENR has instituted reforestation,

under the Community-Based Forest Management Program (CBFMP) of the
national government, while there are customary laws and ordinances to be
followed.

B. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT:

While there is no designated site for garbage disposal, the barangay

officials, barangay health workers and other concerned citizens are on
successive monitoring on proper disposal of waste materials, such that each
household is responsible on solid waste management.

CHAPTER VI: INFRASTRUCTURES:

A. TRANSPORTATION:

1. Modes Of Transport In The Barangay

There are at least three (3) pubic utility vehicles that pass by Bunga,
primarily at sitio Namuntocan, of which are two (2) regularly alternating
passenger buses, bound for Baguio from Aluling and vice versa, then an
irregular passenger mini- bus bound to Bontoc from Aluling and vice versa.

Aside from those mentioned, one (1) passenger FX Taxi is available to

service the community.

2. Road Inventory
23
 The road that reaches Bunga is the national road bound to Aluling,
Cervantes, that passes on the south-eastern part of the place. From the
national road a barangay road of 1,200 meters is extended to reach the heart
of the settlement area.

3. Inventory Of Vehicles In The Barangay

There are two (2) vehicles in the barangay, one of which is FX Taxi for
passengers, while the other is Jeepney.

4. Vehicular Bridge Inventory

Bunga has one (1) Bailey vehicular bridge of 12 meters length and
needs repair, which is a part of the barangay road located at sitio Tombaga.

B. COMMUNICATIONS:

1. Modes Of Communication, Communication Gadgets And Facilities

Residents sent their messages and letters through “paw-it system” with
the courtesy of their barriomates leading to the place of address, while letters
for mail are dropped to the Municipal Post Office at Poblacion.

C. POWER SUPPLY:

Bunga is energized by the Mountain Province Electric Cooperative,

MOPRECO, with 65 households under its electrical services.

D. WATER SUPPLY:

1. Sources Of Water Supply, Inventory Of Reservoir Tanks & Status Of

Watershed

Though this barangay has six (6) sources of domestic water supply,
water shortages remain a problem primarily during summer, such that
residents have to fetch water or bring their laundry to the spring points. These
water sources are listed on table 35.

Table 35
Sources Of Water Supply, Status Of Watershed & Inventory Of Reservoir Tanks
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Reservoir Tanks Number Of Status Of Watershed
Water Sources 1x1m 2x2m Household Served
1. Buwen 125 Slightly Forested
2. Pagayen 1 1 47 Slightly Forested
3. Gaat 38 Slightly Forested
4. Mabatang 1 1 36 Slightly Forested
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 5. Timbago 1 Slightly Forested
6. Soyo 1 No Forest
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2. Existing Household Connection By Type Of Facility

Almost all of the households, with a total of 120 are facilitated with
LEVEL III type- faucets in the yard or inside each household, while the rest
are supplied with water through LEVEL II or LEVEL I, see table 36.

Table 36
Existing Household Connection By Type Of Facility
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Types Of Facility No. Of Household
Covered
LEVEL I 2
LEVEL II 8
LEVEL III 120
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

E. PATHWAYS, FOOTBRIDGES AND DRAINAGES:

1. Pathways In The Barangay

There are five (5) pathways in the barangay with a total length of 1,650
meters, while it has also six (6) farm to market pathways, see table 37.
Table 37
Inventory Of Pathways
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Total Length And Status Of Development
Names Of Pathways Length Concrete Dirt / Soil Stone Paved
(m) (m) (m) (m)
A. Pathways Within The Barangay
1. Namontucan 300 - 300 -
2. Galitaan – Alinsawang 250 - - 250
3. Mabasiwey – Matutoway 400 - 400 -
4. Batog – Masilalang 500 - 500 -
5. Patpatayan – Masilalang 200 - 200 -
TOTAL 1,650 - 1,400 250
B. Farm To Market Pathways
1. Galdangan – Sume-et 2,500 - 2,500 -
2. Namontucan – Danas 300 - 300 -
3. Cabaruan – Suyo 200 - 200 -
4. Kesang – Masapa 250 - 250 -
5. Kebasan – Sulin 3,000 - 3,000 -
6. Kebasan - Natodeng 300 - 300 -
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2. Footbridges In The Barangay

25
 There are four (4) footbridges in the barangay which are all concreted,
while four (4) are proposed, see table 38.

Table 38
Inventory Of Footbridges
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Names Of Total Status
Footbridges Length (m) Concrete Remarks
1. Masapa 9 X
2. Babalaan 5 X
3. Alinsawang 7 X
4. Kalumbasang 6 X
5. Solin *8 Proposed
6. Pakak *8 Proposed
7. Kesang *5 Proposed
8. Kabulosan *5 Proposed
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

3. Community Drainages

There are six (6) community drainages which help drain excess water
from the barangay, see table 39.

Table 39
Community Drainages
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Total Status Of Development
Names Of Drainages Length (m) Concrete Dirt/Soil Stonewalle
d
1. Namuntocan 200 X
2. Bilig - Namuntocan 200 X
3. Dontog - Gowaban 250 X
4. Dontog - Pakak 400 X
5. Patpatayan - Bagtey 180 X
6. Matotoway 200 X
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

F. OTHER INFRASTRUCTURES:

1. Inventory Of Public Buildings

Bunga has three (3) public buildings namely; one (1) Barangay Hall,
one (1) Ato / Dap-ay and one (1) Waiting Shed.

CHAPTER VII: PUBLIC SERVICES:

A. PRESENT LOCAL ADMINISTRATION: 1997- 2002.

26
1. List Of Barangay Officials

Punong Barangay Rodolfo Layagan

No. 1 Kagawad Hilario Padua
No. 2 Kagawad Onofre Layagan
No. 3 Kagawad Javier Ticyado
No. 4 Kagawad Arsenio Palantog
No. 5 Kagawad Jose Dumanas
No. 6 Kagawad Victoria Diwayan
No. 7 Kagawad Brigido Tuyan
Barangay Secretary Francisco Canise
Barangay Treasurer Paterno M. Palangeo
Barangay Day Care Worker Elizabeth
Ticyado
Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman Chuchi Ticyado

2. List Of Barangay Tanods

Benjamin Alawas
Ceriaco Soliken
Hilario Padua
Leonardo Madriaga
Martin Mangawa
Rogelio Albing
Simeon Layagan
3. List Of Lupong Tagapamayapa

Punong Brgy.Rodolfo Layagan Chairman

Bag-ay Campila Member
Bedongan Mangawa Member
Gewan Mangamte Member
Manuel Dupisen Member
Rosalino Mangawa Member
Antonio Gayo Member
Albert Palet Member
Ngayngay Mangamte Member
Lawagen Alicoy Member
Amano Seliben Member
Marcelo Cabradilla Member
Tomas Wasan Member
Elladio Campila Member
Pasalen Alicoy Member
Alfonso Alawas Member
Damen Alicoy Member
Vecente Dalilis Member
Catalino Agustin Member
Alfredo Soliken Member
Francisco Albing Member

27
4. List Of Present Organizations In The Barangay

There are ten (10) organizations present in the barangay where as the
BAKANAO Organization has noted the highest number of members, see table
40.
Table 40
Inventory Of Organizations
Barangay Bunga, 1999.
Names Of Organizations Number Of Members
1. ABCTFI 21
2. BAKANAO Organization 110
3. BUWAI 55
4. Bunga Catholic Association 2
5. Bunga Women’s 1
Organization
6. BMC 18
7. EHMRH 1
8. KALIPI 43
9. MABIBAK 8
10. Senior Citizen 38
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

28