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Chapter 2 Rev02 - Generator - AES
Chapter 2 Rev02 - Generator - AES
Chapter 2
Sources of Aircraft Power
- Generators
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 2
Technology
DC Generator
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 7
Technology
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 8
Technology
DC GENERATOR COMPONENTS
ØField frame or Yoke
ØCommutator End Frames and Drive End Frames.
ØField Poles or Shoes
ØField Coils or Windings
ØBrushes
ØThe Armature Assembly
§ The shaft
§ The iron core
§ Armature or output winding
§ Commutator
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 11
Technology
DC GENERATOR COMPONENTS
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 12
Technology
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 13
Technology
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 14
Technology
Ø Heat
§ Caused by high current flow and flux changes.
§ Dissipated by ram air.
Ø Armature Reaction
§ Distortion of the main field caused by the interaction between the
main field and the armature field produced when current flow in
the armature windings.
§ Compensating Windings
§ Interpoles Auxiliary Windings
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 16
Technology
DC GENERATOR MAINTENANCE
Ø To keep the generator in good working order
Ø Carried out as specified in the aircraft maintenance schedule
§ Overhaul is often accomplished at the same time as engine overhaul
thus minimize aircraft down time
Ø Carried out in accordance with CMM.
Ø Routine Inspection and Servicing:
§ Inspect for security of mounting
§ Inspect mounting flange for oil leaks
§ Inspect electrical connections for cleanliness and security of
attachments
§ Inspect area around the commutator and brush assemblies for any
solder particles. Loose solder particles indicate generator has
overheated
§ Use compressed air to blow out accumulated dust around the
brushes and commutator
§ Inspect brushes for wear and freedom of movement
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 17
Technology
AC Generator
Ø Main electrical power source in larger aircraft
Ø Two major components of aircraft generator.
§ Rotor
§ Stator
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 21
Technology
Ø Brushless Generator
§ Mostly used as aircraft AC generators.
§ Basically it is three generators in one as shown in the
next figure.
§ Very minimum maintenance due to no brushes and slip
rings.
§ Better power to weight ratio.
§ Generator Control Unit (GCU) controls the output voltage,
current and frequency.
Ø Maintenance
§ Very little maintenance required for AC generators.
§ They are normally treated as an “on condition” item.
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 24
Technology
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 25
Technology
Starter Generator
Ø It is basically a DC generator that can be used as
starter motor.
Ø When used as starter, the battery power is
connected to the starter-gen. It will become a motor
and crank the engine.
Ø At certain speed, the battery supply is removed and
the starter-gen will be driven by the engine and
become a generator.
Ø Generator control unit (GCU) control this transition
smoothly.
Ø Maintenance of starter-gen is similar to DC
genarator.
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 26
Technology
DC Alternator
u An AC generator with built in full wave rectifier unit.
u Internally, it is a rotating field AC generator.
Ø Two carbon brush and slip rings are required to provide
power to the rotating field.
Ø Excitation power is provided by the aircraft battery.
Ø The AC voltage from the stator windings are fed to built-in
full wave rectifier. Output of the rectifier is used to power
the aircraft and charge the aircraft battery as shown in the
following figure.
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 27
Technology
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 28
Technology
Inverter
Ø Device for converting direct current into alternating current at
the frequency and voltage required for particular purposes
Ø On large aircraft, inverters are typically used for emergency
situations only. It convert battery power to AC during total
power failure.
Ø On aircraft with DC generators, inverter is occupied full time
to convert the DC to AC. The AC power is required by some
instruments.
Ø There are two basic types of inverters, rotary and static
Ø Modern aircraft employ static inverters because of their
reliability, efficiency, and weight savings over rotary inverters
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 29
Technology
uRotary Inverter
ØThat is, a constant-speed motor was employed to
drive an alternator that was designed to produce
the particular type of power required as shown in
the next figure.
ØHigh maintenance due to many moving parts.
ØLow power to weight ratio.
ØLess Efficient and noisy.
ØOutput voltage tend to reduce at high load.
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 30
Technology
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 31
Technology
uStatic Inverter
Ø Solid-state inverter with no moving parts as shown in the
next figure.
Ø Higher power to weight ratio.
Ø Stable output voltage at different loads.
Ø Minimum maintenance since no moving parts.
Ø Short warm up time
Ø Quiet operation
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 32
Technology
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 33
Technology
Maintenance
ØEnsure TRU has adequate cooling, ducts not
blocked
ØEnsure cooling air flow in the right direction.
ØCheck that electrical connections are secured.
ØFunctional test the overheat circuit.
ØFunctional test the TRU
Revision : Rev02
AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Date : 8/8/17
(Subject Code AAB30403)
Malaysian Institute of Aviation
Page No : 37
Technology
Wassalam