CHAPTER I: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

A. ETYMOLOGY:

Legend Of Sumadel

In the olden times, there were no human habitants around the place except a
small purok named Kayos. There were only grassy hills, virgin meadows and jungles
inhabited by wild games.

These few people from Kayos lived peacefully and contentedly by raising
bakkag (gabi) and hunting. Until one day, the serenity of a quite morn was perturbed
by a great commotion from the men who kept vigil in the dap-ay (tribunal). The
people rushed out from their house to see what the commotion was all about. They
found the men gazing in complete bewilderment at the holy spot, which looked
amazing and bright, where once, their huge Papatayan tree stood forebodingly dark
and weird. The spot was now but a deep hollow, where not even the roots could be
discerned. The people searched but it was nowhere to be found. Astounded and
grief striken, the people knows that the anitos (spirits of their dead ancestors) meant
something by this.

Considering this then as a bad omen the people started out to vacate this
place, and seek for the holy tree. Following a foot trail, the people soon reached a
place called Landok where they found some twigs of the tree scattered around.
Some of the people settled here for they believed it was the significance of the
presence of the twigs. The others continued in a place called Pangkuan. They found
bigger branches and so the rest were left. Leading onward, still following a foot trail,
the remaining group found bigger branches on a mountain- top called Sabiyan. Half
of the group settled here while the rest moved on until they finally found the
Papatayan tree in a place called Dallik

Meanwhile, the people of Sabiyan worked together to make their own haven,
a suitable place to live in. In that time, the people were back to normal life again.

How The Place Got Its Name

One day, one of the men named Sumad-e noticed that his pregnant sow was
missing. He and other men searched for it but of no avail. However after five days,
the pig appeared but has given birth already. The next day, Sumad-e saw his pig
leaving, so he followed, in a long winding path down the mountain- side until they
reached a foot of a hill. Here, sheltered by a huge rock were the piglets. Sumad-e
remained with the pigs and along with them, thrived on wild fruits and
“kamangeg”(wild root crop). Seeing how fertile the land was, he cleared some
portions near the rock and planted this with “bakkag” (gabi). To his surprise, the
bakkag grew fast and robust. Encouraged by this, he invited his family to come
down then they continued clearing the area. They were so happy for at harvest time,
their efforts and industry were abundantly commensurated. They shared this good
news to the people of Sabiyan and so upon knowing this good fortune of Sumad-e’s
family, they followed suit.

1
 Years after, Sumad-e died of old age. In memory of him and his able
leadership, the barrio was named after him. As generation changed, the hyphen was
omitted and thus pronounced as Sumade. When the foreigners reached the place,
the name was further glamorized into Sumadel, however, the folks still call the place
Sumade.

The Early People

A panoramic view of Sumadel would reveal rice terraces pervading along its
skirts and nooks. Keeping it fresh and cool are the fruit trees that thrive in
abundance. It looks evergreen even during summer, since camote tops are plentiful
and rarely dry. These are the very attributes that even from the earliest time,
attracted people to migrate to this place. People from Bagnin, Besao, Sagada and
Bauko who first came to barter “etag” (salted meat) with rice, decided to reside in this
place permanently

Existence Of Puroks

Soon the unprecedented increase of population gave birth to puroks namely:

Tangadan (upper portion), Kedyawan (the place where Kedyaw abounds) and
Kebasan (the main way). Time came when the place became too conspicuous to
accommodate the growing population. Some families decided to transfer to the other
side of the river thus, giving birth to another barrio now called Batayan.

The fast rate of population growth is attributed by the following factors, the
early establishment of a primary school, the barangay’s accessibility to
transportation, fertile agricultural lands and the hospitality, unity and good discipline
of the barrio residents.

B. POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP:

In ancient times, Sumadel was ruled by the “masapit” (wise men) and their
chief was called Pinading. These men were all powerful, such that their decisions
and counsel were held final. Vested upon them are the executive, legislative and
judicial powers. They were respected not only because they own greater parcel of
land but also they led a life worthy of emulation.

Earlier and foremost among the early masapit were Lakay Ngasiit and Lakay
Balteng. They led and united the people during tribal wars. When these died, these
were succeeded by Lakay Sid-ip, Lakay Pusi, Lakay Balang and Lakay Ayugtot.
These groups were the able leaders during the Spanish Regime. They were
succeeded by Lakay Goteng and Lakay Lacwiten during the American Regime.
When the commonwealth period was reached, Lakay Polny was appointed as the
first Teniente del Barrio. Sumadel was then under the jurisdiction of Cervantes,
Ilocos Sur. He was succeeded by Lakay Dalilis, when the seat of the provincial
government was brought to Bontoc, Lakay Lokyop took over.

When the municipal government was established in Kayan, a new political

set-up was formally organized and since then, several leaders took over. Among the
recent leaders, the following are remembered for their vital contribution to the barrio
development and progress:
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 1.Mr. Dionisio Banagen – requested for the construction of the multi-purpose
building and flooring of the Pre-Fab building.

2. Mr. Hilario Bilalay – requested for the construction of the Intermediate building

3. Mr. Lorenzo Ticagan and Mr. Cristino Sudaypan – requested water pipes for
the community

C. SET-UP OF THE BARANGAY:

The names and number of puroks that existed before, were carried up to the
present, namely; Tangadan (upper portion), Kedyawan (the place where kedyaw
abounds) and Kebasan (the main way).

CHAPTER II: GEO-PHYSICAL PROFILE:

A. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:

Barangay Sumadel is located 13 kilometers northeast of Poblacion, Tadian

Mountain Province. It is about 30 kilometers and 155 kilometers away from Bontoc
and Baguio City respectively.

It is bounded on the north by barangay Bantey, on the west by barangays

Mabalite and Batayan, on the east by barangay Bagnen, Bauko and on the south by
barangay Masla.

B. LAND AREA:

This barangay has 626 hectares or 6.26 square kilometers total land area,
occupying a portion of 4.19% of the 14,942 hectares municipal land area.

C. TOPOGRAPHY:

It has an average elevation of 1,880 meters above sea level and is generally
mountainous with slopes suitable for rice farms.

D. CLIMATE:

This locality has a temperate or moderately warm climate, with two

pronounced season, the wet and dry season. Wet season starts from the month of
May up to November, with wettest months of the year starting from the month of July
to October, while dry season covers the rest of the months. From December to
February are the coolest months, while March to May are the hottest months of the
year.

E. SURFACE DRAINAGES:

In this barangay, there are five (5) creeks, which help drain rainwater during
rainy season. These creeks are Bangbango, Butay, Kawat, Palungiping and
Ubbanan, see table 1.
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 Table 1
Inventory Of Surface Drainage
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Water Status
Names Of Creeks Location Wet & Dry Wet Season Usual Usage
Season Of Creek/Water
Only
1.Bangbango Tangadan X For Irrigation
2.Butay Kedyawan X For Irrigation
3.Kawat Kedyawan X For Irrigation
4.Palungiping Tangadan X For Irrigation
5.Ubbanan Tangadan X For Irrigation
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

CHAPTER III: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE:

A. POPULATION & POPULATION GROWTH:

The total population of this barangay in 1990 was 538 persons, which
increased in 1995 of 142, decreased of 31 in 1999, then again increased of six (6) in
2000, which resulted to growth of population in 1995 and 2000, see table 2.

B. POPULATION DENSITY:

With a total land area of 6.26 square kilometers and a consecutive total
population of 538, 680, 649 and 667 persons in the following consecutive years
1990, 1995, 1999 and 2000, thus having a population density on the above
mentioned years of 86, 109, 106 and 107 persons per square kilometer were noted,
see table 2.
Table 2
Population, Population Growth & Population Density
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
(+) Increase/(-) Decrease Population Population
Year Population Of Population Growth Density
1990 538 86
1995 680 (+) 142 0.0527881 109
1999 661 (-) 19 (-) 0.0069853 106
2000 667 (+) 6 0.009077 107
Sources: 1990,1995 & 2000: NSO, Bontoc.
1999: Barangay Survey, 1999.
Area: 6.26 sq. km.

C. POPULATION BY AGE & SEX GROUP:

C.1. Broad Age Group

From the total population of 661 in 1999, the child and youth population of
ages 0 to 14 years old is 264, which by 135 are males and 129 are females. In the
productive or working age group of 15 to 64 years old, it has a total population of
349, which by 168 are males and 181 are females, while those of ages 65 and above
are the least in population of 48, which by 23 are males and 25 are females, see
table3.

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C.2. Sex Ratio

Out of the 661 total population in 1999, 326 are males, while 335 are females,
therefore the male to female ratio is 1:1 or 1 male is to 1 female, see table 3.

Table 3
Population By Age & Sex Group
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Age Group Male Female TOTAL
Under 1 Yr. Old 8 6 14
1-4 36 31 67
5-9 41 41 82
10-14 50 51 101
15-19 33 31 64
20-24 15 31 46
25-29 18 22 40
30-34 26 24 50
35-39 22 25 47
40-44 19 12 31
45-49 12 8 20
50-54 8 9 17
55-59 4 11 15
60-64 11 8 19
65-69 11 9 20
70-74 5 10 15
75-79 4 1 5
80 & Above 3 5 8
TOTALS 326 335 661
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C.3. Dependency

From the total population of 661 in the 1999 age group distribution, it is largely
composed of the working age group of ages 15 to 64 years old with a population of
349 or 52.80% of the total population. The child and youth group of ages 0 to 14 and
65 years old and above comes next with population of 312 or 47.20%. Thus the
computed over all dependency ratio is 89.40%. Young dependency ratio with
population below 15 years old is 75.65%, while old dependency ratio with ages 65
years old and above is 13.75%

D. HOUSEHOLD/FAMILY SIZE:

There were 120 total households in 1990, which increased in 1995, 1999 and
2000 to 140, 146 and 153 total households.

In 1990, 1995, 1999 and 2000, the total households noted on each year has
all acquired a family size of 5, see table 4.

5
 Table 4
Household / Family Size
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Year No. Of Households Family Size
1990 120 5
1995 140 5
1999 146 5
2000 153 5
Sources: 1990, 1995 & 2000 – NSO, Bontoc.
1999 – Barangay Survey, 1999.
E. OTHER CLASSIFICATION:

E.1. Religious Affiliation

Within this community, there are six (6) known religion, which by Anglican
dominates, with 120 or 80.54% of the total community households, while other
religious group follows, see table 5.

The total of engaged household on these known religions exceeds the

community’s total household, since this implies a dual religious engagement by
some of the households.

Table 5
Households By Religious Affiliation
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Religion Number Of Households
1. Anglican 120
2. Free Believers / 1
FBCFI
3. Iglesia Ni Cristo 3
4. Espiritista 3
5. Pentecost 20
6. Roman Catholic 2
TOTAL 149
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

CHAPTER IV: SECTORAL PROFILES:

A. SOCIAL PROFILES:

1. EDUCATION:

1.A. School-Going-Age Population

The school-going-age group has a total population of 226, and are distributed
into the elementary, secondary and tertiary levels, where in those at the elementary
are the highest in population, then followed by the secondary and tertiary levels, see
table 6.

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 Table 6
School-Going-Age Population
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Age Group Description Number Share %
6-12 Elementary 114 50.44
13-16 Secondary 56 24.78
17-21 Tertiary 56 24.78
TOTAL 226 100%
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

1.B. Current Enrollment

Records showed that enrollment at Sumadel Elementary School for the last
five years covering the period from 1995 to 1999 averaged to 165, which indicated
higher number of enrollees within these years, as compared to this year (2000) with
current enrollment of 132, refer to table 7.
Table 7
Enrollment For The Last Six (6) Years
Sumadel Elementary School, 1995-2000.
Year Total Enrollment
1995 154
1996 175
1997 183
1998 163
1999 149
2000 132
Source: DECS, Tadian, District Office.

1.C. Teacher / Classroom - Pupil Ratio

1.C.1. Classroom-Pupil Ratio: SY 2000.

There are six (6) classrooms presently used, with 132 pupils currently
enrolled, thus with a ratio of 1:22 or 1 classroom is to 22 pupils.

1.C.2. Teacher-Pupil Ratio: SY-2000.

There are six (6) teaching personnel in this school, with 132 pupils currently
enrolled, thus with a ratio of 1:22 or 1 teacher is to 22 pupils

1.D. Condition Of Existing School Building & Facilities

Sumadel Elementary School has three (3) buildings namely, 1 Gabaldon

which needs repair or renovation and 2 Marcos type which the other one needs
repair or renovation, while the other is of good condition.

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1.E. Out-Of-School Youths

In this barangay, there are 99 out-of-school youths, comprised of 62 males

and 37 females. Out of this total, the ages 3-5, pre-schoolers supposedly are the
highest in population, while ages 13-16 are the least, and are supposedly at the
secondary level, see table 8.

Table 8
Out-Of-School Youths
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Age Group Male Female TOTAL
3-5 31 20 51
6-12 7 4 11
13-16 5 2 7
17-18 10 4 14
19-21 9 7 16
TOTAL 62 37 99
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2. HEALTH AND NUTRITION:

2.A. FERTILITY INDICES:

2.A.1. Births And Crude Birth Rate

From 1995 to 1999 within these last five (5) years, this barangay has 81 total
live births, comprised of 37 males and 44 females, whereby 1996 has the highest
total live births of 18, see table 9.

Of the total live births of 16 in 1999, and with the barangay’s total population
of 661, thus the crude birth rate (CBR) for this year is 25 live births per one thousand
population.

Table 9
Live Birth By Sex For The Last Five (5) Years
Barangay Sumadel, 1995-1999.
Live Births
Year Male Female TOTAL
1995 7 7 14
1996 10 10 18
1997 3 13 16
1998 11 6 17
1999 8 8 16
TOTAL 37 44 81
Source: RHU, Tadian.

2.B. MORBIDITY INDICATORS:

2.B.1. For General And Infan

8
 For the last five (5) years from 1995 to 1999, the ten leading causes of
morbidity in all ages were noted, which by Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) has the
highest total of persons infected, then followed by Wounds, while Parasitism are the
least, see table 10.

It was found out too that leading causes of infant morbidity were due to
Diarrhea, Bronchitis, Pneumonia and Chicken Pox, see table 11.

Table 10
Ten Leading Causes Of Morbidity In All Ages
Barangay Sumadel, 1995-1999.
Causes 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 TOTAL
1. Acute Respiratory Infection 156 76 91 74 118 515
(ARI)
2. Wound 96 52 32 60 61 301
3. Skin Problem 63 50 31 17 21 182
4. Fever 24 17 42 42 47 172
5. Headache 25 15 26 24 43 133
6. Vitamin Deficiency 28 4 0 12 8 52
7. Joint / Body Pains 0 16 0 0 24 40
8. Abdominal Pains 16 15 0 2 0 33
9. Conjunctivitis 2 0 9 6 4 21
10. Parasitism 2 8 0 0 0 10
Source: RHU, Tadian.
Table 11
Leading Causes Of Infant Morbidity
Barangay Sumadel, 1995-1999.
Causes 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 TOTAL
1. Diarrhea 5 2 3 5 3 18
2. Bronchitis 4 0 1 1 5 11
3. Pneumonia 6 1 0 0 2 9
4. Chicken Pox 1 0 0 0 1 2
Source: RHU, Tadian.

2.C. MORTALITY INDICATORS:

2.C.1. Mortality In All Ages

Within the past five (5) years from 1995 to 1999, the leading causes of
mortality in all ages has been noted, whereby Cardio Pulmonary Arrest has been
noticed that caused the highest, while other causes follow, see table 12.

In 1999, there were four (4) deaths reported on infant mortality, but causes
were not specified.

9
 Table 12
Leading Causes Of Mortality In All Ages
Barangay Sumadel, 1995-1999.
Year Causes No. Of Death
Hypoglycemia R/o Cancer Of The Throat 1
1995 Cardio Pulmonary Arrest 1
Severe Pneumonia 1
Fallen Accident 1
Kidney Trouble With Complication 1
Bronchial Asthma 1
1996 Abdominal Mass 1
Fallen Accident 1
Suicide-Insecticide 1
Cardio-Pulmonary Arrest 1
Cardio Pulmonary Arrest 1
1997 Bleeding Ulcer
Severe Pneumonia 1
Kidney Trouble With Complications 1
1998 -No Death During This Year-
1999 -Causes Were Not Specified- 4
Source: Sumadel Barangay Health Station.

2.C.2. Crude Death Rate (CDR)

There are four (4) deaths in 1999, thus the computed crude death rate (CDR)
for this year is six (6) deaths per one thousand population.
2.C.3. Infant, Maternal And Yong Child Mortality Rate

There was zero (0) death on infant, maternal and young child from 1995 to
1999.

2.D. NUTRITION STATUS:

There are 92 children under 7 years old weighed, where by those that are
malnourished were noted with a total of 13. On the first degree (mild status) are 12,
while the other falls on the second degree (moderate status), refer to table 13.

Table 13
Number of Malnourished Children by Age Group
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Actual No. Children Number Of Malnourished Children
Age Group Under 7 Yrs. Old Third Second First
Weighed Degree Degree Degree
Under 1 Yr. Old 0 0 2
1-4 Yrs. Old 92 0 1 10
5 Under 7 Yrs. 0 0 0
Old
TOTAL 0 1 12
Source: BHW File: Sumadel, Tadian / RHU, Tadian.

10
2.E. HEALTH FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL:

Sumadel has a Barangay Health Station (BHS), with one (1) resident midwife
and aided by four (4) Barangay Health Workers (BHW).

2.F. SANITATION STATUS:

F.1. Manner Of Solid Waste Disposal

Only four (4) types of solid waste disposal are engaged by the households of
this barangay, whereby Burning type is widely practiced, then Composting and
Recycling types follow, while Combination Of All type is the least practiced, see table
14.

Table 14
Household Solid Waste Disposal
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Types Of Solid Waste Number Of Household Percent (%) To Total
Disposal Engaged Household
1. Burning 138 94.52
2. Throwing 0 0
3. Composting 6 4.1
4. Dumping 0 0
5. Recycling 6 4.11
6. Combination Of All 2 1.37
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.
F.2.Sanitary Toilet Facilities

Water Sealed toilet facilities, are largely engaged by the households in this
barangay, then followed by Pit Privy With Cover, while those with no toilet were also
noted, see table 15.

Table 15
Household Toilet Facilities
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
No. Of Household Percent (%) To Total
Type of Toilet Facilities Engaged Household
1. Water Sealed 91 62.33
a. Plastic Bowl 81
b. Cement Bowl 2
c. Commercial Bowl 8
2. Pit Privy With Cover 5 3.42
3. Pit Privy Without Cover 0 0
4. No Toilet 50 34.25
TOTAL 146 100%
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.
F. 3. Cemeteries And Burial Grounds

There is no pubic cemetery in this barangay such that residents here bury
their deads in their backyard.

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3. SOCIAL WELFARE:

A. Nature Of Services And Facilities

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) staff provides

services to this barangay such as Day Care services with 21 Day Care Children as
of 1999, Senior Citizen’s Organization with 44 active members and services to
Persons With Disabilities, with a population of 6, all of which are physically disabled.

B. Common Causes Of Family Problem

As surveyed in 1999, Drunkenness, Gambling, Quarrelling of Parents and

Misunderstanding of Family Members, are the common causes of family problem in
this barangay, whereby Misunderstanding of Family Members has noted the highest
number of households involved, see table 16.

Table 16
Common Causes Of Family Problem
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Causes No. Of H.H. Involved
1. Drunkenness 2
2. Gambling 1
3. Quarreling of Parents 1

4. Misunderstanding Of Family 11
Members.
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

4. SPORTS AND RECREATION:

Basketball and Volleyball are the two (2) existing sports and recreation in this
community, both of which have a well maintained, concreted courts.

5. PROTECTIVE SERVICES:

Since the barangay officials, and aided by the barangay tanods handle and
keep peace and order within this community, Sumadel is said to be generally
peaceful. However, at times when the community needs additional assistance from
the peace keeping groups such as the Municipal Policemen, Regional Mobile Group
(RMG) and the Philippine Army, the barangay officials request for their extension of
duty, which these groups in authority readily comply upon the request.

6. HOUSING:

A. Household And Vacant Houses

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 The total of occupied household in this barangay as of 1990 were 120, which
had an increase as of 1995 and in 1999 respectively. There were no data gathered
as to vacant houses in 1990 and 1995, while in 1999, twenty (20) vacant houses
were noted, see table 17.
Table 17
Occupied And Vacant Housing Units
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Housing Units
Year Occupied (H.H.) Vacant
*1990 120 -No Data-
*1995 140 -No Data-
1999 146 20
Sources: * NSO, Bontoc.
1999 – Barangay Survey, 1999.

B. Occupied Housing Units By Type Of Construction Materials

Five (5) types of housing construction materials are the households of this
barangay are engaged, whereby Wood and G.I. type are the primarily engaged, thus
has noted the highest total of engaged household, while the Traditional type is the
least engaged, see table 18.
Table 18
Occupied Housing By Type Of Construction Materials
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Type of Construction Materials No. Of Households
1. Traditional, such a cogon & wood 1
2. Wood and G.I. 106
3. Wood with Semi-Concrete First Floor 32
4. Wood with Concrete First Floor 5
5. Concrete with G.I. Roofing 2
6. Pure Concrete 0
TOTAL 146
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C. Status Of Housing Ownership Including Its Lot

Of the three (3) status of housing ownership, either Owned, Rented or

Custodian, the Owned status is the primary and widely engaged, then followed by
Custodian status, while Rented status is the least engaged, see table 19.

Table 19
Status Of Housing Ownership
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Status Of Housing Ownership No. Of H.H.
1. Owned 130
2. Rented 3
3. Custodian 13
TOTAL 146
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

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D. Household By Type Of Lighting Used

Electricity is the primary and widely engaged house lighting, then followed by
Gas Lamp, while Others type are the least engaged, see table 20.

Table 20
Household By Type Of Lighting Used
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Type Of Lighting Used No. Of Household
1. Electricity 87
2. Gas Lamp 46
3. Others 9
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

E. Households By Type Of Cooking Facilities Used

Only four (4) types of cooking facilities are used by households in this
barangay, such that LPG/Gasul are widely engaged, then Wood comes next, while
Others type of facility is the least used, see table 21.

The total number of users of these cooking facilities, surpassed the

barangay’s total household number, which imply a dual usage of cooking facility by
some of the households.

Table 21
Household By Type Of Cooking Facilities Used
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Type Of Cooking Facility Used No. Of Household
1. Wood 75
2. Gas Stove 2
3. LPG/ Gasul 103
4. Electric Stove 0
5. Others 1
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

F. Household By Status Of Electrification

Out of the 146 total barangay households, 74 have availed direct connection
or as members of the electric cooperative, MOPRECO, 13 have indirect connection
or connected to other houses, while the rest are still unconnected, see table 22.

Table 22
Status Of Household Electrification
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Status No. Of H.H.
1. Connected 74
2. Connected To Other House 13
3. Not Connected 59
TOTAL 146
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

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B. ECONOMIC PROFILES:

1. FINANCIAL RESOURCES:

A. Statement Of Actual Income And Expenditure

Barangay Sumadel’s total income as of 1999, are covered by the Share of

Real Property Tax, Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), Other Taxes and
Miscellaneous Income. IRA has the biggest amount of all the income, since it is the
main source and lifeblood of the barangay to fund its operation and management.

Total income is expended largely in the operating expenditures, while the rest
has funded the non-office expenditures, see table 23.

Table 23
Statement Of Income And Expenditure
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
INCOME / EXPENDITURE AMOUNT
A. INCOME
1.Share of Real Property Tax P 884.57
2. Other Taxes 1,002.05
3. Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) 308,097.00
4. Miscellaneous Income 3,000.00
P 312,983.62
TOTAL
B. EXPENDITURE
1. Operating Expenditure
a. Personal Services P 189,568.00
b. Maintenance and other Operating 14,800.00
expenses
SUB- P 204,368.00
TOTAL
2. Non-office Expenditure
a. 20% Development Fund 61,619.40
b. 10 % SK Operation Fund 31,298.36
c. 5% Calamity Fund 15,648.18
SUB- P 108,565.94
TOTAL
P 312,933.94
TOTAL
UN-APPROPRIATED BALANCE P 49.68
Source: Municipal Accounting Office, Tadian.

2. LABOR, INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT:

A. Major Sources Of Income

15
 Farming, is the top most major source of income in this community, then
followed by Labor, while Business are the least source, for details see table 24.

Table 24
Major Sources Of Income
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
No. Of Household Percent (%) To
Sources Of Income Involved Total H.H.
1. Farming 97 66.44
2. Labor 65 44.52
3. Salary 30 20.55
4. Pension 21 14.38
5. OCW 12 8.22
6. Honorarium 12 8.22
7. Business 11 7.53
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B. Employment Status

B.1. Persons Who Completed Their Studies

There are 54 professionals in this barangay, which are distributed into two (2)
status, the employed and the unemployed. Out of this total, 40 are employed in the
government, private institution and others, while the rest are still unemployed, see
table 25.
Table 25
Employment Status Of Professionals Of The Place
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Employment (No. Employed)
Degree Self Private Gov’t Un- TOTAL
Employed Employed Employed employed
1. Agriculture 1 1 2 4
2. BSAE 1 1
3. BSMT 1 1
4. Commerce 1 2 1 3 7
5. Education 1 20 3 24
6. Electrician 1 1
7. Electronics 1 1
8. Forestry 1 1 2
9. Lawyer 1 1
10. Midwife 4 4
11. Nurse 1 2 3
12. PT 1 1
13. Secretarial 1 1
14. Vocational 3 3
TOTAL 5 11 24 14 54
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B.2. Labor Force Employment Status

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 Labor force group is comprised by the population of ages 15 to 64 years old,
who are either employed, unemployed or still in school.

There are 417 persons within the labor force, whereby 207 are employed,
which consist of 117 males and 90 females, while 152 are unemployed, which
consist of 44 males and 108 females. There are 58 persons who are still in school,
whereby 28 are males and 30 are females, refer to table 26.

Table 26
Labor Force Employment Status
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Number Of Persons
Status Male Female TOTAL
A. Employed
1. Farming 50 41 91
2. Government Employed 10 17 27
3. Business 2 8 10
4. Self-employed 3 0 3
5. Laborer 40 16 56
6. Private Employed 12 7 19
7. OCW 0 1 1
SUB-TOTAL 117 90 207
B. Still In School 28 30 58
C. Un-employed 44 108 152
TOTAL 189 228 417
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C. Poverty Incidence

In 1995, this barangay has 128 total households, whereby 100 are below the
poverty level, thus with a poverty incidence of 78.13%, obtaining a municipal rank of
13 among the 19 barangays while in 1997 with 138 total households, 118 are below
the poverty level, increasing the poverty incidence to 85.51%, obtaining a municipal
rank of 5, see table 27.
Table 27
Poverty Incidence
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
No. Of H.H. Below Poverty Municipal
Year Households Poverty Level Incidence Rank
1995 128 100 78.13 % 13
1997 138 118 85.51% 5
Source: MBN Survey: 1995 & 1997.
Municipal Poverty Incidence: 1995-72.55%; 1997-64.60%

D. Household Income Level

The gross earnings of all family members are the basis of the total household
income level, whereby income levels of 40,000 to 49,999, below 10,000 and 70,000
and above, are the top three with the highest number of involved household, while
other income levels follow, refer to table 28.

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 Table 28
Household Income Level
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Income Levels No. Of H.H. Involved
Below 10,000 27
10,000 – 14,999 12
15,000 – 19,999 12
20,000 - 29,999 14
30,000 – 39,999 10
40,000 – 49,999 40
50,000 – 59,999 4
60,000 – 69,999 2
70,000 and above 17
Source: MBN Survey, 1997.

E. Local Wage Levels In The Community (Prevailing)

According to oral information, local wages in this locality are not fixed, since
these depend upon the kind of work rendered by a laborer, as to either skilled works,
unskilled or common works, such as farm labors.

In skilled works such as carpentry, a master carpenter are rated of two

hundred pesos (P200.00) per day, while the “peon” or helpers are rated of one
hundred eighty (P180.00) per day, and both are provided with 2 meals and 2 snacks.
In common works, such as farm works, women are rated of seventy-five pesos
(P75.00) per day, while men are rated of one hundred fifty pesos (P150.00).

3. COMMERCE:

There are ten (10) Sari Sari stores, 3 sand and gravel trucking, 1 bakery and
1 market vendor in this barangay.

4. INDUSTRY:

There are four (4) rice mill/corn mills in this locality

5. FORESTRY:

Forest are communal in this barangay with products such as pine trees, and
others, such as sticks or “pao”, “kalasan” and edible mushrooms. Since forest is
communal, exploitations exist, such as forest denudation and kaingin operations.
6. LAND TENURE & OWNERSHIP:

According to oral information, the primary pattern of land ownership in this

locality is through inheritance from the old ancestors then declared property through
tax declaration, while another is through land buying.

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 As per record of the assessor of the declared properties in this barangay, Rice
Land has covered the largest area, then Root Crop Land follows, while Residential
Land are the least covered area, see table 29.
Table 29
Tax Declared Properties
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Types Area Covered (Has.) Percent (%)
Distribution
1. Rice Land 69.9009 55.35
2. Root Crop Land 24.9497 19.75
3. Cogonal Land 20.2657 16.05
4. Pasture Land 9.0998 7.21
5. Residential Land 2.071118 1.64
TOTAL 126.28722 100%
Source: Assessor’s Office, Tadian.

7.AGRICULTURE:

A. Household Farming Activities

There are five (5) types of farming activities the household of this barangay
are engaged, whereby Pure Palay farming are the primarily engaged, while
Livestock and Palay farming and All Types of farming are the least engaged, see
table 30.

As shown in the table, only 3 households are engaged to Livestock farming,

since with primary reasons that some household do not consider themselves as
Livestock farmers if these raise a few only or several quantity of livestocks.

Table 30
Household Farming Activities
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Types Of Farming No. Of H.H. Engaged
1. Palay Farming 125
2. Vegetable Farming 0
3. Palay & Vegetable Farming 4
4. Livestock Farming 3
5. Palay & Livestock Farming 1
6. Vegetable & Livestock Farming 0
7. All Types Of Farming 1
Total 134
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.
B. Crop Production

B.1. Area Devoted To Agricultural Crop Production

Rice, irrigated and non-irrigated the largest area devoted on its production,
then followed by Banana, while Corn and Sweet Pepper have the least area, see
table 31.

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 Table 31
Area Devoted To Agricultural Crop Production
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Major Commodities Area (Has.)
1. Rice: 112
Irrigated 98
Non-irrigated 14
2. Corn 1.00
3. Coffee 1013
4. Beans 9.70
5, Sweet Pepper 1
6. Sweet Potato (Camote ) 12.70
7. Banana 18
8. Mango 2.67
Source: Office Of The Municipal Agriculturist.
Barangay Screening Survey Results (BAS-Bontoc).

B.2. Inventory Of Common Fruits, Bamboo And Other Related Plants

B.2.A. Common Fruits In The Barangay

Banana, Coffee and Tiesa, are the top three (3) common fruits in this locality,
while Coconut are the least common, see table 32.

Table 32
Inventory Of Common Fruits
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Common Fruits No. Of Trees / Hills
1. Banana 6,850
2. Coffee 45
3. Tiesa 21
4. Papaya 20
5. Guava 18
6. Mango 15
7. Star Apple 14
8. Avocado 8
9. Pomelo 7
10. Jackfruit 7
11. Coconut 5
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2.B.2. Bamboo And Other Related Plants

Bamboo and other related plants are not so much noticed, since these are
only few in this locality, such that Tiger Grass has noted ten (10) hills, Common
Bamboo has four (4), while Bayyog has only one (1) hill.

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C. Livestock And Poultry Production

C.1. Livestock And Poultry Products

Swine, native and crossbreed, are the highest in quantity of livestock, since
these has become a livelihood to some of the households in this barangay, while
Horses are the least. In poultry, only Native Chicken and Ducks are raised by the
households in this barangay, see table 33.

Table 33
Livestock And Poultry Products
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Items Number
A. LIVESTOCK
Carabao 14
Cattle: Native 4
Horse 2
Swine: 220
Native 141
Crossbreed 79
Dog 41
Cat 23
B. POULTRY:
Chicken: Native 546
Ducks 33
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

D. Fishing Grounds

Sumadel barangay has private fishponds for Tilapia production, with a total
area of 0.3664 hectares. Although Tilapia productions are present in this locality, the
produced are not enough for the whole community and are only good for home
consumption, since there’s no technology attached on its method of production to
improve and increase the produced.

E. Agricultural Facilities And Related Services

E.I. Irrigation Facilities

There are constructed Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS/CIP) in this

community to help the farmers in their rice production especially during dry season.
Since rain fed palays usually suffer due to water shortage which causes drying and
decrease of production, thus these irrigation facilities are of much necessity to
sustain the growth of palay up to its harvest period.

These irrigation facilities are one (1) NIA Constructed CIS/CIP, and one (1)
Farmers’ Constructed CIS/CIP, see table 34.

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 Table 34
Communal Irrigation Systems
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Item NIA Constructed CIS/CIP Farmers’ Constructed
CIS
Number 1 1
Service Area (Has.) 46 30
No. Of Beneficiaries 86 235
Source: NIA-MPPIO-Bontoc, Mt. Province.

E.2.Other Agricultural Facilities (Post Harvest)

This barangay has agricultural facilities that facilitate post harvest production
to its end products, while hastens post harvest products to its end destinations.
These agricultural facilities are loading platform and rice mill, while farmers here use
the public plaza or concreted basketball and volleyball courts as drying pavements.

E.3. Financial Institutions

There are two (2) financial institutions available to service the people in need
in this community, such as the Lubon MPCUI at Lubon, which offers credit to its
members, and the Tadian Credit Cooperative at Poblacion, which offers regular
loans or all purpose of loan, livelihood loan, salary loan and emergency loan to its
members, while accepts too savings deposits from members as well as to non-
members.

F. Market Destinations

Surplus vegetables in this barangay are usually transported at the La Trinidad

Trading Post and at the Baguio Hangar Market.

CHAPTER V: NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT:

A. NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT:

The forest and water in this locality are managed and protected by the
community from destruction, such as forest denudation, forest fires and illegal
loggings to prevent water shortage, air and water pollution and to maintain the
barangays’ natural beauty. As management and protection to these, the barangay
has ordinances and customary laws to guide the community with penalties to be
imposed on non-observers.
B. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT:

According to oral information, this locality has problem on solid wastes, not
from the residents themselves since these cooperate voluntarily on the Clean and
Green Program of the barangay, but from the passengers and vehicles which just
dump their garbage and dirts along the roads, since this barangay is the starting

22
point and destination of these vehicles. Thus, the residents nearby with the
elementary pupils are forced to clean these dirts just to keep the surroundings neat
and tidy.

CHAPTERVI: INFRASTRUCTURE:

A.TRANSPORTATION:

1. Modes Of Transport In The Barangay

This barangay is given transportation services by two (2) regularly alternating

passenger buses plying Sumadel-Baguio and vice versa, two (2) regular passenger
mini-buses plying Sumadel-Bontoc and vice versa, then one (1) regular passenger
mini-bus plying Sumadel-Abatan, Buguias and vice versa.

Aside from the above utility vehicles, FX Taxi could be hired from Poblacion,
Tadian on contract basis regardless of the number of passengers.

2. Road Inventory

The Suamadel to Masla provincial road has a total length of 3, 000 meters,
while the Sumadel to Batayan, has a total length of 1,500 meters, both of which are
still of dirt, see table 35.

Table 35
Road Inventory
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Names Of Roads And Road Surface
Classification Total Length (m) Earth fill / Dirt (m)
A. Provincial Roads
1. Sumadel to Masla 3,000 3,000
2. Sumadel to Batayan 1,500 1,500
Source: MPDO Survey, 1999.

3. Vehicular Bridge Inventory

There are two (2) vehicular bridges in this barangay namely, Apawan and
Wanga
Bridges, both of which are bailey bridges, see table 36.

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 Table 36
Inventory of Vehicular Bridges
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Total Type Of Bridge
Names Of Vehicular Length (m) Bailey Bridge Concrete
Bridges Bridge
1. Apawan Vehicular 6 X
Bridge
2. Wanga Vehicular 20 X
Bridge
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

4. Inventory Of Vehicles In The Barangay

There are seven (7) vehicles present in this barangay such as, Jeepneys, FX
Taxi, Forward/Elf and Mini-Bus, see table 37.

Table 37
Inventory Of Vehicles In The Barangay
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Names Of Vehicles Number
1.Forward / Elf 1
2.FX Taxi 2
3.Jeepney 3
4.Mini- Bus 1
TOTAL 7
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B. COMMUNICATIONS:

1. Modes Of Communication, Communication Gadgets And Facilities In The

Barangay
According to oral information, residents of this place are already accustomed
of sending their letters and messages by “paw-it system” through the courtesy of bus
drivers, conductors and barrio mates leading to the place of address, and aside from
the above mentioned, emergency messages too are relayed and received through
the Icom radios, one (1) issued to the barangay, one (1) owned by the CCF, while
the other is owned privately.

C. POWER SUPPLY:

The Mountain Province Electric Cooperative (MOPRECO), has energized this

barangay, such that out of the 146 total households, 87 have legally availed its
services, the rest have indirect connections, while others still rely other house
lightings.

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D. WATER SUPPLY:

1. Sources Of Water Supply, Status Of Watershed & Inventory Of Reservoir Tanks

This barangay has six (6) water sources that supply the whole community with
domestic water and are as follows, Tiklob, Likdan, Langkatan, Mitang, Wanti and
Butay, where as Tiklob water source has the highest total of household served, see
table 38.

Table 38
Sources Of Water Supply, Status Of Watershed & Inventory Of Reservoir Tanks
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Reservoir Tank No. Of H.H. Status Of
Water Source 1x1m 2x2m Served Watershed
1.Tiklob 1 1 69 Slightly Forested
2.Likdan 1 1 16 No Forest
3.Langkatan 1 2 40 Slightly Forested
4.Mitang - - 7 No Forest
5.Wanti 1 1 8 No Forest
6.Butay - 5 No Forest
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2. Existing Household Connection By Type Of Facility

Domestic water supply serve and reach every household through these three
(3) types of facilities, LEVEL I-bubon and deep well, LEVEL II-public faucets, then
LEVEL III-faucet in the yard or inside each household, such that LEVEL III has the
highest total of household covered, see table 39.

Table 39
Existing Household Connection By Type Of Facility
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
No. Of Household
Type Of Facility Covered
LEVEL I 5
LEVEL II 66
LEVEL III 75
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

E. PATHWAYS, FOOTBRIDGES AND DRAINAGES:

1. Pathways In The Barangay

There are three (3) pathways within the barangay with a total length of 4,000
meters, while six (6) are farm to market pathways, see table 40.

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 Table 40
Inventory Of Pathways
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Length And Status Of
Names Of Pathways Total Development
Length Concrete Dirt/Soil Stone
(m) (m) (m) Paved (m)
A. Pathways Within The
Brgy.
1. Kebasan Pathway 1,250 350 400 500
2. Kedyawan Pathway 1,350 300 550 500
3. Tangadan Pathway 1,400 350 500 550
TOTAL 4,000 1,000 1,450 1,550
B. Farm To Market Pathways
1. Sumadel to Tiklob 550 10 540 -
2. Sumadel to 1.5 50 1,450 -
Samsameyew
3. Sumadel to Dapa-an 400 - 400 -
4. Babatangan Pathway 600 - 600 -
5. Moyokan Pathway 500 - 500 -
6. Kaweng Pathway 300 - 300 -
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2. Footbridges In The Barangay

There are four (4) footbridges in the barangay and are as follows: Butay,
Kawat, Ob-obanan and Ko-ob footbridges. Aside from those mentioned above, this
barangay is still in need of footbridges, such that two (2) are proposed of 18 meter
total length, see table 41.

Table 41
Inventory Of Footbridges
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Total Length Status Of Development
Names Of Footbridges (m) Concrete Wooden Steel
1.Butay Footbridge 15 X
2.Kawat Footbridge 10 X
3.Ob-obanan Footbridge 25 X
4.Ko-ob Footbridge 10 X
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

3. Community Drainages

This barangay has three (3) community drainages namely; Kebasan,

Kedyawan and Tangadan drainages, see table 42.

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 Table 42
Inventory Of Community Drainages
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Status Of Drainage
Names Of Drainages Total Length Concrete (m) Dirt/Soil (m)
(m) Stonewalled
1.Kebasan Drainage 300 100 200 -
2.Kedyawan Drainage 150 150
3.Tangadan Drainage 300 300
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

F. OTHER INFRASTRUCTURES:

1. Inventory Of Public Buildings

There are eight (8) public buildings in this barangay, namely: 3 Ato / Dap-ay, 1
Day Care Center, 1 Health Station, 1 Stage, 1 Waiting Shed and 1 Loading Platform.

CHAPTER VII: PUBLIC SERVICES:

A. PRESENT LOCAL ADMINISTRATION: 1997-2002

1. List Of Barangay Officials

Punong Barangay Salvador Panisigan

No. 1 Kagawad Antonio Berto
No. 2 Kagawad William Kilongan
No. 3 Kagawad Lorenzo Atiwag
No. 4 Kagawad Tony Roman
No. 5 Kagawad Edgar Panonot
No. 6 Kagawad Daniel D. Ticagan
No. 7 Kagawad Esteban Pusi
Barangay Secretary Domingo D. Agalatiw
Barangay Day Care Worker Nancy Tabcao
Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman Janelyn Wanas

2. List Of Barangay Tanods

1.Arnold Bantasan
2.Ceasar Cogasi
3.Feliciano Adeban
4.Leon Binbinen
5.Mark Wanas

3. List Of Lupong Tagapamayapa

Punong Barangay Salvador Panisigan Chairman

Kagawad Domingo Agalatiw Member
Gabriel Atiwag Member
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 Peter Boteng Member
Gregorio Ladilad Member
Rufino Tayab Member
Henry Dawaten Member
Jose Wanas Member
Alfredo Berto Member
Lorenzo Ticagan Member
Paulo Oyad Member
Abraham Atiwag Member
Ambrocio Coploy Member

4. List Of Present Organizations In The Barangay

There are thirteen (13) organizations present in the barangay, where as the
SPOI organization has the highest members, see table 43 for details.

Table 43
Inventory Of Present Organizations
Barangay Sumadel, 1999.
Names Of Organizations Number Of Members
1.Episcopal Church Women 22
2. SPOI 60
3. Senior Citizen 10
4. Farmers’ Association 30
5. PTA 31
6. SEAK 15
7. Christian Children Fund 51
8. Kedyawan Organization Inc. 14
9. Women’s Organization 3
10. PTCA 2
11. SULUMABADO 1
12. TMPFSDC 1
13. Sangguniang Kabataan 2
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

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