Lecture # 1

Introduction to
Sources of
Islam
 Introduction to Sources of Islam
a. Introduction and basic
Concepts of Quran
1. Revelation: Importance and
forms of revelation.
2. Division of Holy Quran (Ruku’
manzil etc.)
3. Qira’at: Introduction and
examples.
4. Phases of compilation of
Qur’an.
b. Introduction of Sunnah, Hadith,
History, Kinds of Hadith
1. Hadith: Literal meaning and
terminology.
2. Types of Hadith: Sahih, Hassan,
Zaeef, Mouzu.
3. Compilation of Sunnah.
4. Parts of Hadith: Sanad and Matan
through illustration.
 Basic Concepts of Quran

a. Introduction and basic Concepts of Quran

1. Revelation ‫وحی‬: Importance and forms of revelation.
2. Division of Holy Quran (Ruku’ manzil etc.)
3. Qira’at: Introduction and examples.
4. Phases of compilation of Qur’an.
Why do we need
revelation?
 1. Revelation ‫وحی‬: Importance and forms of revelation.

• Why do we need revelation?

• Introduction of Basics
• Basic Knowledge
• Guidance for way of Life including rituals
and other aspects.
• Who made us?
• Why are we here?
 1. Revelation ‫وحی‬: Importance and forms of revelation.
Wahi:
The message sent by Allah on the heart of the Prophet or to send some signs towards His
Prophet,

Forms
• Dreams.
• Directly in the heart of the Holy Prophet.
• Jibrael brought the revelation in the form of an ordinary man.
• Revelation through Jibreel in his true form.
• Sometimes, Allah directly communicated with the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and revealed
some verses on him.
Revelation | ‫وحی‬

Matlu | ‫متلو‬

Ghair Matlu
| ‫غیر متلو‬
1- Wahee-e-Matlu:
It means the revelation which Allah has transmitted in His own words and
speech, for example the Quran..

2- Wahee-e-Ghair Matlu:
It is the revelation which Allah projected in the heart of the Holy Prophet.
These are not the words of the Almighty, but the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
transmitted these revealed teachings to the people in his own words.
It is saved in the form of Hadith. (Words, Actions and Actions allowed in his
time)
 2. Division of Holy Quran (Ruku’ manzil etc.)

● Juz / Para - 30
● Ahzaab ½ -
● Rub ¼ Para
● Ruku 540
● Ayat and Surah By Allah
● Manazil 7
● Makki or Madani, (According to Time of Revelation)
 Difference Between Makki Surahs and Madni Surahs

Makki Surahs Madani Surahs:

Mainly discuss matters of:
a. Aqidah – our ideology; In contrast, we find that a. Have long Surahs
b. Noble moral character – since the society with long verses;
was extremely corrupt;
c. Short Surahs – a general hallmark of b. Debate with the people of the Book, namely
Meccan Surahs;
Christians and Jews;
d. Meccan Surahs mainly debate with
Mushrikeen – idol worshippers ie. those c. Discuss Jihad in great detail;
who associate partners with Allah (SWT);
e. Meccan Surahs more often address the d. Discuss Islamic laws;
whole of mankind when they start, and not e. Speak about socio-political and economic
specifically to the believers only;
f. Meccan Surahs narrate stories of the matters.
previous Prophets (a.s) and previous
nations.
 3. Qira’at: Introduction and examples.

Qira'at refers to the various manners of reciting the Qur'an.

The word Qirat ‫ قراءات‬came from the Arabic language and was derived from
the term Qirah ‫ قراءة‬meaning ‘reading’. This term has been debated by
various Quranic scholars in different definitions, where one describes it as
the knowledge of pronouncing the verses of the Quran. It is named after the
word Qari – one who recites the Holy Quran. Qirat meaning in Arabic is the
reading or recitation of something. Qirat meaning in English is similar – the
action of reading a piece of writing aloud from memory.
 The names of the 7 types of Qirat:
1. Qirat Naafi’ Al-Madani (Madinah)
2. Qirat Ibn Katheer Al-Makki (Makkah)
3. Qirat Abu Amr al-Basri (Basra)
4. Qirat Ibn Aamir ash-Shami (Syria)
5. Qirat Asim Al-Kufi (Kufa)
6. Qirat Hamzah al-Kufi (Kufa)
7. Qirat Al-Kisaa’i (Kufa)
Al-Layth and Ad-Doori are the two Qaris who preserved this Quran recitation
manner.
In total, there are ten Qirat, but only seven of them are usually considered.
 4. Phases of compilation of Qur’an.

● Compilation in the Life of Prophet Muhammad

● The Battle of Yamamah
● Compilation During the Reign of Abu Bakar
● In The Reign of Hazrat Usman Bin Affan
Compilation in the Life of Prophet Muhammad
The entire Quran was revealed during the lifetime of the Holy
Prophet. It was not only revealed during this time but it was also present in
the written form. Whenever any verse was revealed by Allah, the Holy
Prophet would advise his scribes to write down that piece of revelation.
Here are a few things on which the verses of the Holy Quran were written.
• Papers
• Stones
• Pieces of leather
• Shoulder blades of camels
• Palm leaves
The Battle of Yamamah

As mentioned earlier, the memory of the Arabs was very strong. Relying
on the strong memories they had, the Holy Quran was compiled in the
form of a book. It is because a lot of people had Hifz Quran. Due to their
strong memory, the need for the compilation of the Quran was never felt
by anyone.
But during the 632 A.D (11 A.H), a very harsh battle took place at the
place of Yamamah. This battle was so intense that hundreds of
companions of the Holy Prophet were martyred who had Hifz Quran. It
had created a fear of losing the Holy Quran.
Compilation During the Reign of Abu Bakar

After the Battle of Yamamah, only a few people were left who had Hifz Quran. Hazrat Umer Bin
Khattab became anxious that if the situation continues or worsens, a large portion of the Holy Quran
could be lost. He expressed his fears to the Caliph of that time; Hazrat Abou Bakar and asked him
to compile the Holy Quran in the form of a proper book. Abu Bakar did not agree with him at first.
He said that he could not do anything like that as the Holy Prophet did not compile the Quran during
his lifetime. But when Umer Bin Khattab persuaded him, he agreed and ordered him to compile the
Quran in the form of a book.
Hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit became in charge of the compilation process. He was asked to collect and
compile the Quran in a single book. At first, he was also hesitant to do something that the Holy Prophet
did not do in his life. But when he was told about the whole situation, he became ready to do it.
After that, the process of compilation began. He collected all the written verses from the materials
they were written on. He also listened to the people who had Hifz Quran. Moreover, everyone was
asked to bring the verses they had. Only those verses were included, which were testified by at least
two persons. In this way, there was no chance of including any verse mistakenly.
In this way, the Quran was compiled in the form of one book. Umer Bin Khattab was the official
custodian of the compiled version. After he passed away, the volume of the Quran was transferred
to his daughter Hazrat Hafsah. That is how the second phase of the compilation of the Quran came
to an end.
In The Reign of Hazrat Usman Bin Affan

Till the time of Hazrat Usman, the Islamic federation had spread over a large area. It also
included the areas which were not even Arabic. Those people were not native speakers of the
Arabic language. With the expansion of Islam to no native speakers, the problem of dialects
started to get common. Different people had a different style of pronunciation and people
started to get into conflicts by blaming the other person for reading wrong. When Hazrat
Usman came to know about the conflicts on recitation, he feared that the conflicts may get
more intense and divided the Muslims.
He immediately took action and asked Hazrat Hafsah for the original volume of the
Quran. Hazrat Zaid Bin Sabit was appointed as the head of the committee responsible for
writing the Quran in a specified dialect. Finally, the Quraish accent was appointed to be
used by Muslims all around the world. It is because the Holy Quran was revealed in the
Quraish accent.
Once the copies of the Quran were made, the original version of the book was given back to
Hazrat Hafsah. These copies were sent to all the provinces of the Islamic states.
‫جزاک ہللا خیرا‬