1.

The use of the Suppositional Mood in adverbial clauses of

purpose and concession.
2. The use of the Conditional Mood in simple sentence.
3. The use of Subjunctive I in simple and complex sentences.
4. Types of condition. Difference in the form and meaning of the
sentences with conditional subordinate clauses.-
Zero Conditional
Time: General
Function: Habits, tendencies, rules, and scientific facts.
Structure: When + Present Simple, Present Simple.
Example: When he is stressed, he exercises.
First Conditional
Time: Future
Function: Probable future, predictions, promises, threats, and offers.
Structure: If + Present Simple, will/ modal + verb
Example: If Sally is hungry later, she will eat something.
Second Conditional
Time: Hypothetical future, abstract
Function: Fantasy, improbable future, hypothesis, and negotiations.
Structure: If + Past Simple, would/ modal + verb
Example: If I was rich, I would travel around the world.
Third Conditional
Time: Hypothetical past
Function: Regrets, comments about past situations.
Structure: If + Past Perfect, would/ modal + have + past participle.
Example: If I had not studied English, I would have studied Arabic.
Mixed Conditional
Time: Past (condition) and present (consequence).
Function: Regrets, comments about past situations that have present consequences.
Structure: If + Past Perfect, would/ modal + verb
Example: If I had studied Arabic at school, I could speak Arabic now.
Zero and First Conditional
Both zero and first conditional use present simple in their conditional clauses. But, the
zero conditional is used to speak in general about the present whereas the first
conditional speaks about a specific future. Compare;
If I am hungry, I eat. (Generally)
If I am hungry, I will eat. (Later)

First and Second Conditional

These conditionals are used for future. However, the first is used when the speaker
thinks this situation is probable. If it is just an idea, the second conditional is used.
Compare;
If the sky is clear later, I will look at the stars.
If I was an astronaut, I would look at the stars all the time.
First: probable future. Second: improbable future.

Second, Third, and Mixed Conditional.

All of these conditionals are hypothetical: second for present to future, and the third for
past. The mixed conditional combines the two. That is to say that in third, both the
condition and consequence are past whereas in the mixed, the condition is past and the
consequence is present. Compare;
If Charlotte had studied German more, she would have passed her exam.
If she had studied more, she could speak German today.
5. The use of Subjunctive II in simple sentence.
6. The use of the Suppositional Mood with the expressions of fear
and apprehension.
7. The use of Subjunctive II in object subordinate clause.
8. The use of the Suppositional Mood in object clauses.
9. Conjunctions that introduce the conditional clause. Difference
between them.
General Remarks Concerning Conditional Sentences
Complex sentences may include conditional clauses expressing real condition and
unreal condition. In the first case the Indicative Mood is used, in the second-the
Subjunctive Mood. Both conditions may refer to the past, presen or future. Since the
majority of conditional clauses are introduced by the conjunction if they are often called
if-clauses Other conjunctions used to introduce conditional clauses are: unless, in case,
supposing (that), providing (that). on condition (that), suppose (that), provided
(that). If has the most general meaning of all the conjunctions. Its use is not restricted
in any way, whereas all the other conjunctions are limited in their application, each of
them expressing a conditional relation with a certain shade of meaning. Thus, unless
has a negative meaning, although it's not identical with if not. Clauses introduced by
unless indicate the only condition which may prevent the realization of the action in
the principal clause. So its meaning is that of exception, and because of this meaning
unless is always emphatic.

e.g. I shan't go there unless it's absolutely necessary – Я нe niду myдu, якшo це не є
вкрай необхідним.
The Ukrainian conjunction with negation яkшo He can't be rendered into English by
unless if the negation refers only to the part of the compound predicate. In this case if
not should be used. e.g. Put on warm things, if you don't want to catch cold. Одягнися
тепло, якщо не хочеш застудитися
The conjunction in case also has a specific shade of meaning combining condition and
purpose. It's rendered into Ukrainian as y випадку, якщо. e.g. I'll see a doctor only in
case I feel worse. У випадку, якщо я почуватимуся гірше, я піду до лікаря.
Supposing (that) and suppose (that) preserve the meaning of supposition, their origin
from the verb to suppose is still felt. They are rendered into Ukrainian by means of
npunуcmuмo. e.g. What shall we do, supposing it's true. Припустимо, це правда, що
нам робити?
Providing (that) and provided (that) are rather narrow in meaning indicating a
favourable and desirable condition. These conjunctions are rather formal stylistically,
being more typical of official documents. Their Ukrainian equivalents are за умови,
якщо.
e.g. I'll do my best, provided it lies in my power. - Якщо це в моїх силах, я зроблю
усе можливе On condition (that) is also connected with its original meaning. It's more
formal than if. It's rendered into Ukrainian as за умови, якщо
e.g. I'll agree on condition that you give up smoking. - Я погоджуся за умови, якщо
ти кинеш палити.
10. Conditional sentences of unreal condition.
11. The use of the Suppositional Mood in simple sentence.
 12. Conditional sentences of zero and real condition.

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if

clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

 If + present simple, .... present simple.

This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100
degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation.
The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause.

The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.

For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true, there can't be a

different result sometimes). If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not

for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts)
Here are some more examples:
 If people eat too much, they get fat.
 If you touch a fire, you get burned.


. The first conditional is about a specific situation, but the zero is talking in general.

13. The use of the Suppositional Mood in subject clauses. С.

14. The use of Subjunctive II in subject and predicative
subordinate clauses.
15. The category of mood. The system of moods in Modern
English.

Mood is a grammatical category which indicates the attitude of the speaker towards the
action expressed by the verb from the point of view of its reality.

In Modern English we distinguish three moods:

(1) The Indicative Mood

(2) The Imperative Mood

(3) The Oblique Moods

 The Indicative Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is
presented as a fact:

We went home early in the evening.

The Indicative Mood is also used to express a real condition, i.e. a condition the realization
of which is considered possible:

If it rains, I shall stay at home.

 The Imperative Mood expresses a command or a request. In Modern English the

Imperative Mood has only one form which coincides with the infinitive without the
particle to; it is used in the second person (singular and plural):

Be quiet and hear what I tell you.

Please put the papers on the table, by the bed.

In forming the negative the auxiliary verb to do is always used, even with the verb to be:

Hush! Don't make a noise!

Don't be angry...

The auxiliary verb to do may also be used in affirmative sentences to make the request
more emphatic:

But now, do sing again to us.

To make a request or an order more emphatic the subject expressed by the pronoun you is
sometimes used. It is characteristic of colloquial speech:

I'll drive and you sleep awhile.

Note: A command addressed to the third person singular and plural is usually expressed
with the help of the verb to let:

Let the child go home at once.

Let the children go home at once.

With the first person plural the verb to let is used to express an exhortation to a joint action:

Let's go and have some fresh coffee.

 The Oblique Moods show the fulfillment of the action as something desirable,
doubtful, depending on certain conditions, etc., but not as a matter of fact. The
following types of the Oblique Moods are distinguished:

 Subjunctive I
 Subjunctive II
 the Suppositional
 the Conditional