HKUST Spring 2022 Chapter 02 – Lecture 05

Reinforced Concrete Design

[CIVL 3320]

Dr. Elias DIMITRAKOPOULOS

Associate Professor

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
 analysis of sections of R/C members
singly reinforced rectangular section in bending

design procedure
• in BS 8110:1997 and many design codes of practice
in different countries, the reinforcement ratio is defined as
(the area of reinforcement / the cross-sectional area of the concrete),
which is equivalent to
𝐴𝑠
𝜌=
• in HKConcret2013 𝑏𝑑
i. 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4% (clause 9.2.1.3)
ii. 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.13% (for high-yield steel) (clause 9.2.1.1)
iii. detailing for ductility (clause 9.9.1.1):
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.5% and 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.3%

𝜌~1% reinforcement
ductile requirements ratio 𝐴𝑠
𝜌=
𝑏𝑑
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.13% 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.3% 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.5% 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4%
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design procedure
i. calculate 𝐾 (dimensionless moment) value 𝐾 = 𝑀/ 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑢
ii. determine lever arm z z = 𝑑 0.5 + 0.25 − 𝐾/0.9
iii. determine area of steel reinforcement 𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑀/ 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧
iv. check the reinforcement ratio (steel ratio) 𝜌, 𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐴
= 0.775
which is defined in HKConcrete2013 by 𝜌 = 𝑏𝑑𝑠 𝑑
𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 0.95
𝑑
𝐴𝑠 𝑀 1 𝐴𝑠 𝑀 𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑑
𝜌= = → = 2 →𝜌=𝐾
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧 𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑢 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑛 ? 𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑢 1

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 2 = 𝐾𝑚𝑖𝑛 ? → 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐾𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑢 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.87𝑓𝑦 0.95

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑑
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑏𝑑 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛

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design procedure
i. calculate 𝐾 (dimensionless moment) value 𝐾 = 𝑀/ 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑢
ii. determine lever arm z z = 𝑑 0.5 + 0.25 − 𝐾/0.9
iii. determine area of steel reinforcement 𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑀/ 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧
iv. check the reinforcement ratio (steel ratio) 𝜌, 𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐴
= 0.775
which is defined in HKConcrete2013 by 𝜌 = 𝑏𝑑𝑠 𝑑
𝑧𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 0.95
𝑑

fy fcu
zmin/d K' ρmax
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑑 (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑥 500 30 0.775 0.157 1.4%
𝑏𝑑 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛
500 45 0.775 0.157 2.1%
30 1
= 0.157 = 1.4% 500 50 0.840 0.121 1.7%
0.87 ∙ 500 0.775
500 60 0.840 0.121 2.0%
500 70 0.840 0.121 2.3%
500 80 0.881 0.094 2.0%
500 90 0.881 0.094 2.2%
500 100 0.881 0.094 2.5%
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