ST. JOSEPH’S INSTITUTE, INC.

Technology and Livelihood Education

Candon City, Ilocos Sur GRADE 7
School Year 2021 – 2022 HANDOUT # 1

What is PLUMBING?

Plumbing 
 Is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications.
 It uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids
 Plumbing originated during ancient civilizations, as they developed public baths and needed to
provide potable water and wastewater removal for larger numbers of people.

Plumbing Materials and Tools

Each tool is precisely designed for a specific purpose, so choosing the correct tool will also decrease the amount
of effort required to get a job done right without causing damage to either the equipment or the surface being worked on.

PLUMBING TOOLS

1. END PREPARATION TOOLS

- These tools are used to cut, ream, and thread pipes. Since threaded pipes made of mild steel, the tools for
cutting them are made with carbon steel. High end cutting tools should be made of high-speed steel.

a. Hacksaw. It is a handsaw with a fine-toothed blade used for cutting metal or plastic. It can cut a pipe at
one side.
b. Pipe Cutter. It is designed to cut metal pipes. It is faster and more convenient to use than a hacksaw
c. Pipe Reamer. It is a rotary cutting tool designed to remove burrs from inside a pipe after cutting
d. Pipe Threader. It is designed cuts pipe, it threads pipe, it can ream the ends to remove burrs so you can
cut lengths and whatever you need for the piping system you're designing or installing.

2. ASSEMBLY TOOLS
- This includes the different wrench used for working with threaded pipes.

a. Pipe wrench. It is also known as Stillson wrench. This wrench is used to tighten rounded fittings and
pipes.
b. b. Offset pipe wrench. It is used for work in confined areas. It is also ideal to use in various overhead
application
c. b. Offset pipe wrench. It is used for work in confined areas. It is also ideal to use in various overhead
application
d. Strap wrench. It is used for chrome-plated pipes, which are prone to scratching. This wrench is
occasionally dusted with dried pine resin to prevent slipping
e. An adjustable wrench, also called an adjustable spanner or an adjustable crescent is a tool, which can be
used to loosen or tighten a nut or bolt. It has a "jaw" (the part where the nut or bolt fits), which is of
adjustable size The adjustable wrench works by turning a screw, which is usually located at the bottom of
the head. 
f. Monkey wrench. It is an adjustable wrench with no teeth. Like the strap wrench, it is used for chrome –
plated fittings with flat sides.

3. LAYOUT TOOLS
- These tools are used when laying out pipes and plumbing fixtures according to the plan

a. Steel tape measure. It is a light, flexible blade marked with measurements in both English and metric.
b. Level. It is an instrument used to check if work or surfaces are horizontal, vertical, or inclined at 45º.
c. L – type allen key set. It is also known as hex keys. It is also used to tighten or loosen screws

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ST. JOSEPH’S INSTITUTE, INC. Technology and Livelihood Education
Candon City, Ilocos Sur GRADE 7
School Year 2021 – 2022 HANDOUT # 1

d. Plumb Bob. It is a weight suspended on a string, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom. It is used as a
vertical reference line or plumb
e. Steel Square. It is an accurate 90º angle and is used for making materials to be cut in squares, setting
flanges ( flat rims, collars, or ribs sticking out from an object, or to maintain the object’s position on a rail),
and welded fittings.
f. Chalk Line. It is a tool used for making long straight lines. It is a length of string that rolls back into a
casing filled with powdered chalk.
g. Soapstone. It is a marking tool that leaves a white mark on dark surfaces.
h. Screwdrivers. Used to loosen or tighten screws

PLUMBING MATERIALS:
These are the different names for fitting. Their names can sometimes fully describe their purpose.

1. ELBOWS
- These pipe fittings change the direction of the pipeline by 90 or 45 degrees
a. Standard 90° Elbow. It changes the direction of then pipeline by 90°
b. Standard 45° Elbow. It changes the direction of then pipeline by 45°
c. Straight or service elbow. It is used to enclose work to eliminate the use of nipples
d. Reducing Elbow. It changes the direction of then pipeline and the size of the pipe used
e. Three – way elbow or side outlet. It is used for creating perfectly square corners. It is also used three –
way joints and roof ends.
f. Lug or Card elbow. It has two lugs for fastening if it is necessary to secure the elbow
g. Return elbow. It has 180°bend and is made in three patterns: close, medium, and open.

2. TEES, WYES, CROSSES

- These fittings are used to bring pipelines together in a single or to install another line to the existing main
line.
a. Straight tee. It is used only for vents and for water and gas supply lines
b. Short – turn tee It is used on vertical drainage pipes and when space is limited
c. Long – Turn tee. It is used on either vertical or horizontal drainage pipes or when space is not limited
d. Short – turn Double – Pattern or Cross. It provides an additional branch to the pipe
e. Reducing tees. It provides reduction in pipe size
f. Wyes. These are used for draining lines where the line branch should enter the main line at 45°.

3. COUPLING, BUSHING, REDUCERS, NIPPLES, AND UNIONS

- The following fittings are called as special fittings.
a. Couplings. These straight fittings are used to join two pipes of the same size end – to – end.
b. Bushing. These are used to reduce the size of the pipeline. They have both inside and outside threads.
c. Reducers. These are used to reduce pipeline to smaller sizes and are two types: straight and eccentric.
d. Union. It is used for sanitary fixture where you can connect and disconnect a line without cutting the
pipe.

REQUEST PLUMBING TOOLS AND MATERIALS

REQUISITION
 It is also known as a materials requisition form, or a material request
 A requisition is a formal request for obtaining a product or service, typically initiated by a business
 It is used to authorize and keep a record of the components used so that an appropriate inventory can be
stocked to keep production moving.

REQUISITION SLIP/FORM:
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ST. JOSEPH’S INSTITUTE, INC. Technology and Livelihood Education
Candon City, Ilocos Sur GRADE 7
School Year 2021 – 2022 HANDOUT # 1
 These are standardized document used for requesting supplies, equipment or goods.

PROCEDURE IN ACCOMPLISHING REQUISITION FORM:

The information that follows will teach you how to accomplish the form in order to acquire materials
Procedure:
1. State the name of the project and date when you requested for materials.
2. Fill in the classification of the project and its purpose.
3. Write the number of required materials.
4. List the unit of materials to be requisitioned.
5. Enumerate the materials with their description.
6. List the cost per unit and the total cost.
7. Write your name as requisitioner.
8. Secure the approval of authorities concerned.

REQUISITION PROCEDURE
In making a request for materials and tools needed, the following Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
should be followed:
1. List down the materials and tools needed as per job requirement.
2. Check for the availability of the needed materials and tools in the stockroom.
3. Accomplish a requisition form
4. Let the shop teacher check the requisition form.
5. Submit the requisition form to the material officer
6. Unavailable requested materials and tools should be substituted without
sacrificing the cost and quality of work
7. The material officer will prepare the requested material for issuance to the
student.

ACQUIRE AND INSPECT MATERIALS/TOOLS

- It is important to inspect and check materials and tools for defects and damage before receiving them so that
you can ask for replacements for those that you found defective.
 Check if the materials and tools are complete in terms of quantity and specification (number of pieces,
length, width, etc.)
 Check the physical condition of tools, (check tools against the specification, quantity, and quality,) see to it
that parts are complete, cutting edges or tooth free from damages,
 Check the accessories of each material and tool. See to it that nothing is missing.
 If any of the materials or tools is found missing or defective, report it immediately to the supply officer or
teacher.
 Get a replacement for the materials and tools found defective.
 Sign the requisition form as you receive materials and tools.
 Store the received materials and tools in a safe area or store room nearest your workplace. (store
materials, in proper order, bulky and heavier materials at the bottom lighter and smaller items on top of the
pile).
 Always handle the materials and tools carefully. (avoid dropping the tools on the floor, do not expose tools
and materials on sunlight or rains)

REFERENCE
Book:
Suratos, C. (2014). Technology and Livelihood Education - Building Construction. St. Bernadette Publishing House
Corporation

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ST. JOSEPH’S INSTITUTE, INC. Technology and Livelihood Education
Candon City, Ilocos Sur GRADE 7
School Year 2021 – 2022 HANDOUT # 1
Learning Module
Department of Education. (2004). Technology and Livelihood Education – Plumbing 7/8 Learning Module