Fundamentals

MODULE 1 Review
of mass
M
p
Formulamass
atomicmass x ofatoms mw molecularweight
v

molecularweight
ofmoles

1 mole
Avogadro's number 6 022 x 10 particles per
elements
atoms forsingle
to
D 5 molecules
for compounds
ofaccurate
Rememberthe concept
1 molecule of water H2O has 3 atoms 2 H I 0
1023 molecules H2O
1 mole of water has 6.022

oxygen
or has 18.066
1023 atoms because 3atoms molecule

H H
also I mole of water has 2 moles H and I mole 0

youcanprove this mathematically

remember the concept

howmuchwasformed
LIMITING REACTANT itoyung

actualproduct unang nanubos sa relationship

x 100
a yield theoretical product Excess REACTANT itoyung
naiiwan sa relationship
reactant
basedonthe limiting
based on mole ratios of the
usually based on products balanced chemical equation
hindiitohugot
conceptssuchas
Also remember
Dalton's Law
of Partial
pressure
Ideal Gas Law
n RT Pt Pat PB t
pv
I I
III
a temperature
partialpressure
tressure
y
me
j Imitate
motk
IK total
pressure ofeachgas
 MODULE 2.1 2.2 water and ways of Expressing concentrations
solution
MA too solute
Tomass
solute A MatMB
additive always
solvent B
a
too solute
govolume
Remember the concept ya VB
additive assuming VTVatVB
density
Amass
M
E P v
volume
na
solute
mole fraction
ha he
ma t MB XAXB
Psolution
Va t Viz To moles
of solute
Na
Molarity
fsolution Pa t Ppg Vi
Liter of solution
MA MB
moles solute
Ya B na of
molality
MB
kg of solvent

MODULE 2.3 Colligatire Properties

DT IT MRT
a
KB m
h
f t
BPE
n
molality
f molarity gas
constant temperature
BoilingPoint osmotic
Elevation constant pressure moth 0.08206 tm Y Ek
STB Tiasolis Tpgsolvent Im atm

TBsolin TBsolvent

STF Ke M
Pj X P
t th molality i l 7
FreezingPoint
FPD vaporpressure molefraction vaporpressure
solventpure
constant
of solvent of
Depression
Elmotal ofsolution
ATF Fsmh
Tesowent

Ki Pious P
pwede interchange if Chang

basta Tesan L TFsolvent

 MODULE 2.4 Acids and Bases

Acid Base

it on a oh
Ht mt OH
A htt Ott Mt µ

HA 0 Ht t A MOH o Mt OH
acids to Htions
dissociate anions bases to
dissociate cations OHions
althoughveryfew althoughveryfew

Ott alsoexist Htalsoexist

the concept
the concept log Ht
Remember Remember
pH From math
in water H2O Ht can
be expressed as thot
f r
109b A
pHofacid at concentration

J orbase in molarity b
hydronium ion m a
m or
so Ht a thot a
if base is 10

Hzot t A pOH log OH a X

HA H2O log
HA Ht A
q 10
concentration
OH
potofacid in molarity common logarithm

or base
M or MH if base is e 272

In a x
14 logea
pH
t
p OH e
x
a
natural logarithm
highest valueon
a normalpHscale
studying isjustlike a game
at
body'sreallygoodat it first
better
wt if wekeepplaying it
gets
comes
welevelupuntilthe fight
boss

If wefail wecanalways tryagain

enjoythegame
whatmatters is we
andneverstopplayingd JANG