AUTHOR TITLE PROBLEM STATEMENT METHODOLOGY MATERIALS TESTING RESULTS

 Olusegun D  Properties of  The problem of the  The sawdust was  Portland  Compression test  COMPRESSION TEST
Samuel, particleboard wood industry is sieved to achieve an cement  The purpose of the
Department of produced that the waste average particle size of test was to As observed, there was a uniform
Mechanical from product poses land 710 m, washed for an  sawdust from ascertain the increase in the compressive
Engineering, discarded and air pollution as hour in hot water a local wood maximum strength of the particleboard as the
Federal sawdust and they are allowed to (about 80 °C), and then sawmill compressive percentage content of the cement
University of cassava lie waste until they rinsed in cold water. strength or increase.
Petroleum waste blends decompose. An The weighed amount crushing strength
Resources, increase in the of starch was then  starch of the
Effurun, Delta demand for wood combined with a extracted manufactured
State P.M.B and woodbased predetermined amount from a particleboard.
1221, Nigeria, products is the of hot water to create cassava Three samples
main cause of a gel. The weighed fermentation were used for each
deforestation and quantity of sawdust process mix and the
this has serious was then added, and average
environmental the starch gel was well computed.. Each of  WATER ABSORPTION
effects, such as loss combined. A consistent the specimens was
of biodiversity and quantity (25 g) of the then fixed on the Water absorbent (Wa ) of
climate change, on sawdust mixture was horizontal particleboards developed from
our society combined with cement compression varying cement content and
in varied percentages apparatus already sawdust (0-10 %C) is presented in
(0–10%). It was mixed mounted on the Figure 1 where points and lines
thoroughly, pressed Tensometer testing represent the measured data at the
with a consistent 30 kN machine and the various exposure periods (60, 90,
force, and left to dry in maximum crushing 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300,
the air for three load was recorded. and 480 s) and the values
months to ensure computed from the curve fit
appropriate curing.  Water absorption test equation. The water-absorbent of
 The purpose of the the particleboard increased with
test is to determine the increase in the exposure period
and cement content. The rate of
 how much water absorption of water was rapid at
the manufactured lower times (between 60-300
particleboard will seconds) of immersion and it was
be able to absorb observed that the rate decreased
in a given amount between 300-480 seconds.
of time. We utilised
ten samples with
roughly similar
weights. Weight
before and after
immersion, as well
as the immersion
time, were noted.
This procedure was
repeated for each  BULK DENSITY
mix for specimens
with 0%, 2%, 5%, As detected, there was an increase
8% and 10% in the bulk density of the
cement. particleboard as the percentage
content of the cement increase.
 Density measurement
 With a sensitivity
of about 0.01g, an
electronic weighing
device was used to
measure the dry
masses of the
samples. The
volume of the
weighed specimen
was obtained by
measuring its
length, breadth,
 and thickness using
a Vernier caliper.
The average
density was
determined for
two samples of
each mixed.

AUTHOR TITLE PROBLEM STATEMENT METHODOLOGY MATERIALS TESTING RESULTS

 Atoyebi  Physical and  The administration  The materials for each  Sawdust.  Density test
Olumoyewa Mechanical of plastics waste is of the boards were Sawdust was  Particleboards
Dotun, Civil Properties one of the measured and mixed obtained were subjected to
Engineering Evaluation of significant issues thoroughly to have an from the local density tests to
Department, Particle confronting even mix with the saw mills in determine the
Landmark Board current society as binder before Kwara state, average density for
University, Produced it is non- spreading it into the Nigeria each type of board.
Omu-Aran, from Saw degradable and mould to form a mat.
PMB 1001, Dust and poisonous when The formed mat in the  Waste plastic  It was carried out
Kwara State. Plastic Waste consumed. mould went through a (Polyethylene based on the
Nigeria Polyethylene press cycle of three terephthalate British code of
terephthalate (PET) phases; pressing in an (PF) bottle). standards BS EN The density value of a composite
 Adediran is one of the hydraulic jack to Clean 323 [20]. material system is an important
Adeolu Adesoji, exceptionally reduce the board consumer property which determine its
Mechanical asked for plastic on height, afterwards in drinking  Water Absorption Test performance in service
Engineering the planet and an oven and allowed to water bottles  The water environment. The density of the
Department, among the most dry for 1h at 80 °C and were absorption test developed particleboards
Landmark well-known plastics lastly cold pressing to collected was carried out to decreased with the increase in
University, waste. facilitate the setting of locally. determine the weight percent of SD. The board
Omu-Aran, the thermoplastic amount of water sample with the lowest density
PMB 1001,  Wood has been resin. Afterward, the  Urea the particle board (430.6269 Kg/m3 ) is SD90PF10 of
Kwara State. reported in the mould was opened and formaldehyde can absorb within a weight ratio 90:10 while the board
Nigeria development of placed under room resin (Top given time with the highest density (710.8903
composites panel temperature for 24 h Bond). duration. Kg/m3 ) is board SD50PF50 with 50
with specific and then placed in the % SD and 50 % plastic fibre. . A
attention to oven for 3 h at 110 °C.  By using this similar trend was obeserved in the
hardwoods, After the oven drying, formula. 𝑊A = ( thickness swelling, however, from
softwoods and the the formed panels 𝑊𝑓 – 𝑊i/ 𝑊i) x the result shown; the boards
 Adisa Cephas mixtures of various were conditioned to 74 100% having lower percentage of plastic
Oluwatimilehin species. However, % humidity and a fibre were more susceptible to the
, Civil due to ranger temperature of 24 ℃ thickness swelling than those
Engineering service controls, for two weeks. before having higher plastic fibre content.
Department, wood deficiency, carrying out the  Thickness Swelling
The lowest thickness swelling was
Landmark and practical physical properties found for E composites which
University, utilization of tests (density, water Test might be as a result of the higher
Omu-Aran, timberland assets absorption and  This is a compatibility between SD and PF
PMB 1001, have asked thickness swelling) and dimensional when compared to the other
Kwara State. specialists the mechanical analysis test which formulations. Previous report by
Nigeria everywhere properties is used to autthors shows that wood has a
throughout the determination determine the critical surface energy in the range
world to find (modulus of rupture change in the of 40– 60 MJ/m2 [24] which is
elective and modules of thickness of the higher than that of plastic fibre.
approaches to elasticity). From each sample after it has This large difference in surface
utilize various batch sample, three (3) been immersed in energy between plastic fibre and
types of test pieces measuring water for a given wood might make the plastic fibre
lignocellulosic 50 mm x 50 mm x 15 period of time. to be water repellent or
biomass for mm were cut for the hydrophobic.
composite board physical tests and three  It is used to
creation (3) other test pieces determine the
measuring 50 mm x 50 effect of water on
mm x 300 mm were cut the thickness of
for the mechanical the board.
tests to ensure
reproducibility.  It was carried out
based on the
British code of
standards BS EN
317 [21].