GEC 102 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.

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LESSON 1. PATTERNS IN NATURE

PATTERNS - regular, repeated, or recurring forms or designs
- Examples: Cycle of Seasons (winter-spring-summer-autumn)

SNOWFLAKES AND HONEYCOMBS

- Honeycomb has a hexagonal form because it is economical: much honey is enclosed by minimum beeswax

LINE OR BILATERAL SYMMETRY

- left and right portions are the same, like our faces

THE SUNFLOWER
- definite pattern of clockwise and counterclockwise arcs or spirals extending outward from the
center of the flower which allows the sunflower seeds to occupy the flower head in a way that
maximizes their access to light and necessary nutrients
- All the sunflowers show several spirals that are within the Fibonacci sequence
THE SNAIL’S SHELL
- Snails are born with their shells, called protoconch
- spiral patterns can be seen in whirlpools and in the shells of snails
- equiangular spiral, follows the rule that as the distance from the spiral center increases (radius), the
amplitudes of the angles formed by the radii to the point and tangent to the point remain constant.
FLOWER PETALS
- different flowers have different number of petals. Take the iris and trillium, for example. Both
flowers have only three petals.
GEC 102 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.

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LESSON II: PATTERNS AND NUMBERS

SEQUENCE - ordered list of numbers, called terms, which may have repeated values.
- definite terms - Sets the arrangement of the terms
- “A sequence may be finite or infinite”
THE NUMBER SEQUENCE -happens when a constant number is added, the number to be added increases,
or the number to be added decreases
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE - is an infinite sequence, formed by adding preceding two numbers, beginning with
0 and 1
- named after the Italian mathematician Leonerdo of Pisa, who was better known
by his nickname Fibonacci. Discovered with the help of answering the problem involved having a
single pair of rabbits and then finding out how many pairs of rabbits will be born in a year

- successive Fibonacci numbers approach the number 𝚽 (Phi), also known as Golden
Ratio. This is equal to 1.618.
- Golden Ratio can also be expressed as the ratio between two numbers, if the latter
is also the ratio between the sum and the larger of the two numbers
- “most aesthetically pleasing proportion.”

FINITE SEQUENCE - has a limited number of terms has a definite number of terms
Example: {4,8,12, 16,…, 64} The first of the sequence is 4 and the last term where it ended is 64
INFINITE SEQUENCE - unlimited number of terms, an endless progression of discrete objects, especially
numbers.
Example:

BINET’S FORMULA
- The use of Binet’s formula in finding Fibonacci number

1+ √5 𝑛 1− √5 𝑛
( ) −( )
2 2
√5
GEC 102 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.

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MATHEMATICS FOR OUR WORLD

- Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world. Mathematics helps predict the
behavior of nature and phenomena in the world, and helps human exert control over occurrences
in the world for the advancement of our civilization.

MATHEMATICS FOR ORGANIZATIONS

- Mathematics help to organized patterns and regularities in the world, as for students, it will
make the students see patterns and learn mathematical concepts more easily

MATHEMATICS FOR PREDICTIONS

- Provide a framework for thinking rationally, that is, in a way that is entirely self-consistent,
about the future.

MATHEMATICS FOR CONTROL

- How to control actions within actions, just like how a painter strokes his brush, man is also able
to exert control over himself and the effects of nature.
GEC 102 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.

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Exercise 1
1. ACEGIK
2. CSD, ETF, GUH, IVK, KWL
3. OTTFFSSENTE
4. 27 30 33 36 39 42
5. 41 39 37 35 33 31

Activity (Collaboration) - Describe the pattern of each sequence.

1. 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, . . . increasing for the reason that the number to be added is increasing in
a predictable way

2. 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, . . . repeating because a constant number is multiplied

3. 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, . . . increasing because the number to be added is increasing in a predictable
way

4. 118, 98, 73, 43, 8, - 32, . . . decreasing for the reason that the number to be added is decreasing in
an expected way.

EXERCISE SET 2:

Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms.

a. 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1,024

b. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34
The sequence in item is a special sequence called the Fibonacci sequence

EXERCISE SET 3:

Determine the next two terms in the following sequence.

1. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343.
2. 448, 224, 112, 56, 28, 14.
3. 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175.
4. 151, 149, 145, 137, 121, 89.
5. √2 , 12 + √2, 24 + √2, 36 + √2, 48 + √2, 60 + √2 .

What is the missing number in each of these sequences?

1. 19, 17, 15, 13, . . .
2. 8, 11, 14, 17, . . .
3. 5, 16, 27, 38, . . .
GEC 102 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.

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4. 84, 80, 76, 72, . . .
5. 98, 109, 120, 131, . . .
UNIT TEST

I. Answer the following.

1. What is the 9th term of the Fibonacci Sequence? 34

2. What is the 15th term of the Fibonacci Sequence? 610
3. What is the 49th term in the Fibonacci Sequence? 7778742049
4. What is the next three terms in sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81.
5. What is the missing number in the sequence 3, 5, 9, 15, 23, 33

II. 1. Write a short essay about why Mathematics is indispensable.

The Backbone of the World: Mathematics

The previous years of learning mathematics with its various branches from when I was a child till now
entails a story of how progress can be limelight and how the patterns led to my ability to grasp mathematics
right now. As a student, I always get the feeling of excitement and satisfaction when I explore and learn about
huge or small things that make our world work; mathematics is one of them. Reminiscing about when I first
learned to count as one of the silver lining moments of mathematics in my life that I now tend to use in my
daily living. As a grown individual, I understand more clearly that math is everywhere; it has patterns; it isn't
only about finite and infinite numbers. As a result, I never thought about it that way throughout my youth, and
my ongoing learning allowed me to broaden my perspective.

Mathematics is indispensable; it contains diverse perspectives of individuals who use it to function,

which is essential in transforming our lives. Without math, the technological developments we are now
enjoying would not be in our hands. If we look up the simple view of why mathematics plays an essential role
in this world, we can start by saying There would be no calendars or times if numbers did not exist. Since all
your days will be the same, you won't even notice if it's your birthday or your closest friend's. You wouldn't
know what year it is.

Do you enjoy sports? So, without Numbers, how would you know the scores or the size of the distinct
sports field? How would you have learned how far you had run, how much distance you needed to go, or how
much time was remaining in the match? There would be no contests or tournaments. Don't you think it'd grow
tiresome after a while?

Moreover, there wouldn't be any buildings, such as malls, schools, hospitals, and even infrastructures
like highways, streets, roads, bridges, mass transit, airports, and airways. Life without mathematics is
impossible and unimaginable. It is a subject that is usable in all fields and professions. It explains how things
function and lets us foresee certain events, which is how we have advanced thus far in life. It has simplified
and facilitated our lives. If it weren't for mathematics, we would still be figuring out everything in life, which
would lead to chaos.
GEC 102 MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD LIBAN, JOHN MARTIN M.

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III. Write a synthesis paper focusing on one of the following aspects of mathematics.

a. Mathematics helps to organize patterns and irregularities in the world.

b. Mathematics helps to predict the behavior of nature and phenomena in the world.

c. Mathematics helps to control nature and occurrences in the world for our own ends.

Mathematics Helps to Predict the Behavior of

Nature and Phenomena in the World.
SYNTHESIS