VKJ285 U'iuf FK I@ Cumkr - KI Rkeok̀ J J'eofl VKJ285 U'iuf FK I@ Cumkr - KI Rkeok̀ J J'eofl

iLCl@RXUF; > >
VKJ285 Uìuf FK I@ Cumkr _ KI Rkeok̀J Jèofl
sìuf fk i` cumkr y rkeoïj

r keoïj jèofl (Ojstotutl Xrlaksoljì @OKX)
UtuFleu jl kstà p`trleoj`fl jo `vì`fl plr jojnýj eliknol l ujovkrsof`f.

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHncòi.elc)
iLC
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Qoekrrketlrã` @e`fïcoe`
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Uìuf fk i` umkr
y Rkeoïj Jèofl
k xeiusovl fk ils kstufo`jtks fki Ojstotutl Xrlaksoljì @OKX. Xrldobof` su rkprlfueeoõj. Fkrkedls rkskrv`fls @OKX
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks fk usl kxeiusovl

iLC
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Kstoc`fl Kstufo`jtk fk @OKX, kj kstk Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks, mujtl ` e`f` @prkjfoz`mk Kspkr`fl quk sk tk
prkskjt` y quk elrrkspljfk ì Cõfuil quk eurs`s, kjeljtr`ràs ’Eljekptls, Ofk`s Ekjtrìks y @pioeèoljks–
quk rkalrz`ràj ki `prkjfoz`mk quk fkbks ilnr`r.
ilnr`r .
Kspkr`cls quk kst`s Ofk`s Ei`vks kjtrkn`f`s ` clfl fk sãjtksos tk lrokjtkj kj ki fks`rrliil fki s`bkr, fki
dèkr y fki skr.
Cuedl Ïxotl.-
Forkeeoõj fk Fks`rrliil Eurroeui`r y Kvìuèoõj

QOEKRRKEVLRÃ@ @E@FÏCOE@ @OKX.

iLC
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
[JOF@F FK @XRKJFO]@MK O= U@I[F FK I@ C[MKR _ RKEOÏJ J@EOFL
@prkjfoz`mk Kspkr`fl 0
Ofkjtoaoe`j eljekptls bàsoels slbrk ojfoe`flrks kpofkcoliõnoels y projeopìks eùs`s fk
clrboclrtìof`f rkièolj`fls
rkièolj`fls elj i` sìuf fk i` cumkr y ki rkeoïj jèofl.
0.0.- Eljekptl fk kpofkcolilnã`= Ks i` eokjeo` quk cofk i` leurrkjeo` fk i` kjakrckf`f kj uj nrupl fk

pkrslj`s y sk kje`rn` fk buse`r sus eùs`s.
X`r` ìe`jz`r b`s`

Kpofkcolilnã` kstlssulbmktovls sk i`jkeksot`
tr`b`ml kj ckfoeoõjfkfkuji`sostkc`, il elj
arkeukjeo` euìquk
sk fkjlcoj` Cïtlflsueksls.
leurrkj foakrkjtks Kpofkcoliõnoel. I`
I` v`roèoõj
quk foed` arkeukjeo` sk f` ` il i`rnl fki tokcpl, kj foakrkjtks eljfoeoljks nklnràaoe`s y kj fovkrsls topls fk
pkrslj`s.
0.2.- Ojfoe`flrks kpofkcoliõnoels= Ils ojfoe`flrks kpofkcoliõnoels sk utoioz`j p`r` kstoc`r i` c`njotuf y
tr`sekjfkjeo` fk uj` sotuèoõj fktkrcoj`f`. Vokjkj nr`j utoiof`f kj i` kt`p` fk alrcuièoõj fo`njõstoe` y kj
i` fk kvìuèoõj fk uj prlnr`c` fk Uìuf. Ils ojfoe`flrks prkskjt`j v`ro`f`s alrc`s, pukfk skr uj` eoar`, uj
jýckrl ãjfoek, l uj eleokjtk= t`s`, r`zõj, prlplreoõj (plrekjt`mk).
Kmkcpil. V@U@ FK CLRV@IOF@F=
CLRV@IOF@F
Xlr uj`s eùs` kspkeãaoe`
0.5.-Eùs`s fk clrboclrtìof`f c`tkrj` y pkroj`tì= i` clrboiof`f (kjakrckf`f) y clrtìof`f (cukrtk) slj

fls p`ràcktrls ocplrt`jtks utoioz`fls plr ils fovkrsls ojfoe`flrks, kjtrk i`s eùs`s càs fkstè`f`s fk
clrboiof`f y clrtìof`f c`tkrj` y pkroj`tì sk kjeukjtr`j=
E@[U@U FK CLRBOCLRV@IOF@F JKLJ@V@I
 UÃJFRLCK FK FOAOE[IV@F RKUXOR@VLRO@

 DOXLNIOEKCO@
 DOXLE@IEKCO@
 XRKC@V[RK]
 RKV@RFL FKI ERKEOCOKJVL OJVR@[VKROJL
 C@IALRC@EOLJKU ELJNKJOV@U
 E@RFOLX@VÃ@ ELJNÏJOV@
5

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.0
E@[U@U FK CLRBOCLRV@IOF@F C@VKRJ@
 @BLRVL
 KFKC@, XRLVKOJ[RO@ _ VR@UVLRJLU DOXKRVKJUOQLU KJ
KCB@R@]L, X@RVL _ X[KRXKROL.

 DKCLRR@NO@ KJ KCB@R@]L, X@RVL _ X[KRXKROL
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU XRKFLCOJ@JVKU RKI@EOLJ@F@U ELJ KI

KCB@R@]L _ X@RVL= Fo`bktks Nkstèolljì, jì, Uãjtlc`s fk p`rtl

prkc`turl, Xièkjt` prkvo`, Rltur` prkc`tur` fk ckcbr`j`s,
Fksjutroeoõj c`tkrj`, Ojsuaoeokjeo` Xièkjt`ro`, Ojakeeoõj lvui`r.
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU XRKFLCOJ@JVKU FKI X[KRXKROL= Ojkreo`

AON. 2
utkroj`, Rltur` utkroj`.
UKXUOU X[KRXKR@I.

0.6.- Xliãtoe`s y kstr`tkno`s p`r` foscojuor i` clrboclrtìof`f c`tkrj` y pkroj`tì= Xlfkcls fkstè`r i`s
sonuokjtks=
 @etovof`fks p`r` i` prltkeeoõj y prkvkjeoõj kj i` sìuf fk i` cumkr y rkeoïj jèofl

 @etovof`fks kfue`tov`s kj i` foakrkjtks àrk`s c`tkrjl, pkroj`tì y nojkeliõnoe`



Ïja`soselbkrtur`
@cpio` kj i` rknuièoõj fk i`fkakeujfof`f
y `tkjeoõj eìof`f kjykip`tkrjof`f
eljtrli fkirkspljs`bik
rkkcb`r`zl
spljs`bikaosoliõnoel, p`tliõnoel y pukrpkrol y
i` fktkeeoõj prkelz kj pèokjtks elj aètlrks fk roksnl.
 @cpio` elbkrtur` y `tkjeoõj fk eìof`f kj i` `tkjeoõj prlaksoljì fki p`rtl.
p `rtl.
 Fltèoõj tkejliõnoe` y `v`jeks kj i` ckfoeoj` pkroj`tì p`r` i` prkvkjeoõj y c`jkml lplrtujl fki
rkeoïj jèofl p`tliõnoel y prkc`turl.

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
0.-Kj uj dlspotì fk ìt` elcpikmof`f fk jukstrl p`ãs sk rknostr`rlj fovkrsls e`sls fk kjakrckf`f y cukrtk.
X`r` fktkrcoj`r i` arkeukjeo` fk kstls e`sls kj uj pkrãlfl fk tokcpl y kspèol nklnràaoel sk utoioz`
ki\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\.
2.-I` t`s` fk clrtìof`f rknostr`f` kj kstk dlspotì ks uj\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

quk cofk\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
Kj ils Ukrvoeols fk C`tkrjof`f (lbstktroeo`) y Jklj`tlilnã` fk uj dlspotì fk ìt` elcpikmof`f sk rknostr`rlj
ils sonuokjtks e`sls fk p`tlilnã`s t`jtl kj i`s c`frks elj rkeoïj jèofls. Ofkjtoaoe` elj ki jýckrl
elrrkspljfokjtk ` quï topl fk eùs` elrrkspljfk.
\\\\\Xrkc`turkz
0.-E@[U@ FK CLRBOCLRV@IOF@F
JKLJ@V@I \\\\\Dopkrtkjsoõj fki kcb`r`zl
kcb`r`zl
\\\\\\Fo`bktks nkstèoljì
2.-E@[U@ FK CLRBOCLRV@IOF@F
C@VKRJ@
\\\\\\Uãjfrlck fk foaoeuit`f
foaoeuit`f rkspor`tlro`
\\\\\\Uãjtlc`s fk p`rtl prkc`turl

prkc`turl
\\\\\\E`rfolp`tã` eljnïjot`.
eljnïjot`.

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
Ikk `tkjt`ckjtk i`s ètovof`fks fk sìuf kjujeo`f`s kj i`s soiukt`s y elile` kj e`f` ètovof`f i` iktr` fk i`
pliãtoe` y/l kstr`tkno` p`r` foscojuor i` clrboclrtìof
clrboclrtìof`f
`f c`tkrj` y pkroj`tì.
\\\\\Rkeoïj
\\\\\Rkeo ïj Jèofl
@.-Fltèoõj tkejliõnoe` y `v`jeks X@QK] FLJLUL, jèk fk
kj i` ckfoeoj` pkroj`tì p`r` i` 50 skc`j`s (> cksks) fk
\\\\\C`rã` Kikj`
\\\\\C`rã`
prkvkjeoõj y c`jkml lplrtujl fki nkstèoõj, ks dlspotìoz`fl
dlspotìoz`fl
Fljlsl ks pèokjtk
kj Ukrvoeol fk
rkeoïj jèofl p`tliõnoel y Jklj`tlilnã` p`r` su
fk uj EKUA@C ,
prkc`turl. eurs` kcb`r`zl fk
c`jkml y tr`t`cokjtl, `
56 skc`j`s, èufk
e`rnl fk uj kquopl
ì eljtrli elj
B.- Ïja`sos kj i` rknuièoõj fk i` kspkeoìoz`fl
kspkeoìoz`fl fk
c`trlj` fki
akeujfof`f y p`tkrjof`f prlaksoljìks.
kst`bikeocokjtl.
rkspljs`bik.
E.- @cpio` elbkrtur` kj i` `tkjeoõj
prlaksoljì fki p`rtl.
F.- @cpio` elbkrtur` kj ki eljtrli
fki kcb`r`zl aosoliõnoel, p`tliõnoel \\\\\Rleãl
\\\\\Rleãl R`cãrkz
\\\\Eiùfo`
\\\\Eiùfo`
y pukrpkrol. eurs` uj kcb`r`zl fk
ìtl roksnl, ki kquopl @ekvkfl, c`trlj`
lbstïtroel fkeofk fk uj EKUA@C f`
prètoe`rik uj` eksàrk` eljskmkrã` kj
fk urnkjeo` plr roksnl pi`joaoeèoõj
votì fk i` c`frk y aktl. a`coio`r ` uj` p`rkm`
quk il slioeot`.
\\\\Rkeoïj jèofl
jèofl
ojnrks` ì Ukrvoeol fk
Jklj`tlilnã` plr
eu`frl fk foaoeuit`f
rkspor`tlro`

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F 0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
0.- Cïtlfl kpofkcoliõn

kpofkcoliõnoel
oel
2.- Ojfoe`flr kpofkcoliõnoel…..quk cofk ….ki roksnl fk clror fk i` plbièoõj fk uj àrk`, kj uj pkrãlfl
fk tokcpl y plr uj` eùs` kspkeãaoe`.
\\\0\\Xrkc`turkz @EVOQOF@F 2
\\\2\\Dopkrtkjsoõj fki kcb`r`zl

kcb`r`zl
\\\2\\\Fo`bktks nkstèoljì
\\\0\\\Uãjfrlck fk ffoaoeuit`f
oaoeuit`f rkspor`tlro`
\\\2\\\Uãjtlc`s fk p`rtl prkc`turl

prkc`turl
\\\0\\\E`rfolp`tã` eljnïjot`.
eljnïjot`.
@EVOQOF@F 5
\\\@ \\\\Rkeoïj Jèofl X@QK]

X@QK] FLJLUL, jèk ffkk 50 skc`j`s (> ck cksks)
sks) fk nkstèoõj, ks dlspotìoz`fl
kj Ukrvoeol fk Jklj`tlilnã` p`r` su c`jkml y tr`t`cokjtl, ` e`rnl fk uj kquopl kspkeoìoz`fl fk
prlaksoljìks.
\\\F \\\\C`rã` Kikj` Fljlsl ks pèokjtk fk uj EKU
EKUA@C
A@C , eurs` kc
kcb`r`zl
b`r`zl fk 56 skc`j`s, èufk ì
eljtrli elj c`trlj` fki kst`bikeocokjtl.
\\\E\\\\ Rleãl
Rleãl R`cãrkz eurs` uj kcb`r`zl fk ìtl roksnl, ki kquopl lbstïtroel
lb stïtroel fkeofk prètoe`rik uj`
eksàrk` fk urnkjeo` plr roksnl votì fk i` c`frk y aktl.
\\\B \\\\Eiùfo` @ekvkfl, c`trlj`
c`trlj` fk uj EKUA@C f` eljskmkrã` kj pi`joaoeeèoõj
èoõj a`coio`r ` uj` p`rkm` quk
il slioeot`.
>

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
\\\@ \\\\Rkeoïj jèofl ojnrks` ì Ukrvoeol fk Jklj`tlilnã` plr eu`frl fk foaoeuit`f rkspor`tlro`.
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
Nuã` Xkroj`tì 280;.

Fospljobik kj= dttp=//www.cojs
dttp=//www.cojsì.ei/sìuf-fk-i`-cumkr/
ì.ei/sìuf-fk-i`-cumkr/
4

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@prkjfoz`mk kspkr`fl 2
Ojtkrprkt`j, ` jovki bàsoel, ojfoe`flrks kpofkcoliõnoels
kpofkcoliõnoels y fk clrboclrtìof`f rkièolj`fls elj i` sìuf
fk i` cumkr y ki rkeoïj jèofl, kj ki c`rel fk i` sìuf pýbioe` kj Edoik.
2.0. Kspkr`jz` fk vof` ì jèkr = Rkprkskjt` ki jýckrl ckfol fk `ðls quk iks qukf`j plr vovor ` ils
slbrkvovokjtks fk uj` eokrt` kf`f. I` kspkr`jz` fk vof` ì jèkr ks uj` kstocèoõj fki prlckfol fk `ðls quk
vovorã` uj nrupl fk pkrslj`s jèof`s ki coscl `ðl, so i`s eljfoeoljks fk clrtìof`f fk i` rknoõj/p`ãs kvìu`fl
sk c`jtuvokr`j eljst`jtks. Kstk ojfoe`flr sojtïtoel
sojtïtoel ks ujl fk ils càs utoioz`fls p`r` elcp`r`r ki jovki nkjkrì
fk i` clrtìof`f kjtrk p`ãsks y ` il i`rnl fki tokcpl.
AON.5
A[KJVK= Ojstotutl Jèoljì fk Kst`fãstoe`s, Xrlykeeoljks y Kstocèoljks
Kstocèoljks fk Xlbièoõj, Vltì X`ãs, 2886
2.2 V`s` fk Clrtìof`f C`tkrj`= I` t`s` fk clrtìof`f c`tkrj` (VCC) ks ki jýckrl `juì fk cukrtks fk
cumkrks plr e`f` 088.888 joðls jèofls vovls plr euìquokr eùs` rkièolj`f` l `nr`v`f` plr ki kcb`r`zl l
su c`jkml (kxeiuykjfl i`s eùs`s èeofkjtìks l ojeofkjtìks). I` VCC p`r` ki `ðl kspkeoaoe`fl ojeiuyk i`s
cukrtks fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl, ki p`rtl, l fkjtrl fk 62 fã`s fk ojtkrrupeoõj fki kcb`r`zl, ojfkpkjfokjtkckjtk
(Ei`soaoeèoõj ojtkrjèoljì fk kjakrckf`fks) ojtrlfuek uj`
fk i` furèoõj y sotol fki kcb`r`zl. I` EOK-08 (Ei`soaoeèoõj
jukv` e`tknlrã` ii`c`f` ’cukrtk c`tkrj` t`rfã`–, f kaojof` elcl i` cukrtk fk uj` cumkr plr eùs`s lbstïtroe`s
forket`s l ojforket`s càs ìià fk ils 62 fã`s, d`st` `jtks fk uj `ðl fk tkrcoj`fl ki kcb`r`zl.
?

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Ckfoeoljks kst`fãstoe`s fk Clrtìof`f C`tkrj`
AON.6
Fostrobueoõj plrekjtuì fk cukrtks c`tkrj`s, sknýj kf`f. Edoik 2802.
AON.;
Kj 2802, ì kvìu`r i`s cukrtks c`tkrj`s sknýj kf`f, sk lbskrv`= 0;-0? `ðls= ;,1% (5 fkaujeoljks)7 28-26
`ðls= 00,0% (1 fkaujeoljks)7 2;-2? `ðls= 28,6% (00 fkaujeoljks)7 58-56= 2>,4% (0; fkaujeoljks)7 5;-5? `ðls=
2;,?% (06 fkaujeoljks)7 68-66 `ðls= ;,1% (5 fkaujeoljks).
08

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
V`s` fk clrtìof`f c`tkrj` (cukrtks / 088.888 joðls jèofls vovls)

Vkjfkjeo` lbskrv`f` fksfk `ðl 2884 ` 2808.
AON.1
Aukjtk= EO@ ^lrif Aètbllg
2.5. V`s` fk J`tìof`f= Kst` v`ro`bik f` ki jýckrl prlckfol `juì fk jèocokjtls fur`jtk uj `ðl plr e`f`
0.888 d`bot`jtks,
fkeosovl t`cboïjièljleof`
p`r` fktkrcoj`r elcl t`s` fk
t`s` fk erkeocokjtl brut` fk j`tìof`f.
i` plbièoõj. I` t`s`t`jtl
Fkpkjfk fk j`tìof`f sukik
fki jovki fk skr kiyaètlr
akrtoiof`f fk i`
kstruetur` plr kf`fks fk i` plbièoõj.
Kj Edoik, sk prkskjtõ uj` pkqukð` e`ãf` d`st` 0.?1;, quk `ýj sk c`jtkjã` kj 5;,1 plr 0.888 d`bot`jtks kj
ks` aked`. Uoj kcb`rnl, fksfk ksk clckjtl, sk prlfuml uj` eljtoju` foscojueoõj quk sk èkjtuõ fksfk
elcokjzls fk ils `ðls jlvkjt` p`r` ìe`jz`r ki 2.888 uj` t`s` fk 0> plr 0.888 d`bot`jtks. Ki 2.802 sk prkskjt`
uj` t`s` fk j`tìof`f fk 06,8 plr 0.888 D`bot`jtks.
AON. >
Aukjtk FKOU. *V`s` plr 0.888 D`bot`jtks
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2.6. V`s` fk clrtìof`f oja`jtoi= Kst` v`ro`bik f` ki jýckrl fk cukrtks fk joðls ckjlrks fk uj `ðl fk kf`f
kj uj `ðl fktkrcoj`fl plr e`f` 0.888 joðls jèofls vovls kj ki coscl `ðl. Kst` t`s` sk utoioz` ` ckjufl
elcl uj ojfoe`flr fki jovki fk sìuf fk uj p`ãs.
AON.4
Uk lbskrv` ar`jel fksekjsl kjtrk ils `ðls 2.888 y 2.806
Aukjtk= EO@ ^lrif Aètbllg
2.;. Jèofl Qovl= Ks i` kxpuisoõj l kxtrèeoõj elcpikt` fki eukrpl fk i` c`frk fki prlfuetl fk i` eljekpeoõj,
ojfkpkjfokjtk fk i` furèoõj fki kcb`r`zl, y quk rkspor` l f` skðì fk vof`.
2.1. Fkaujeoõj aktì l clrtoj`tl= Ks i` cukrtk fki prlfuetl fk i` eljekpeoõj `jtks fk i` kxpuisoõj l kxtrèeoõj
elcpikt` fki eukrpl fk i` c`frk ojfkpkjfokjtk fk i` furèoõj fki kcb`r`zl y quk jl f` skðìks fk vof`.
2.>. @blrtl= Kiocojèoõj fki prlfuetl fk i` eljekpeoõj elj pksl ckjlr fk ;88 nrs, nkjkrìckjtk `jtks fk i`
skc`j` 28, prlvle`fl l kspljtàjkl.
2.4. V`s` fk clrtìof`f Jklj`tì= I` t`s` fk clrtìof`f jklj`tì ks ki jýckrl fk rkeoïj jèofls quk cukrkj
`jtks fk ìe`jz`r ils 24 fã`s fk kf`f, plr e`f` 0.888 jèofls vovls kj uj `ðl fktkrcoj`fl.
Fk kst` sk fksprkjfk=
V`s` fk clrtìof`f jklj`tì prkelz= Ojfoe` ils aìikeofls fur`jtk i` prockr` skc`j` (prockrls > fã`s) plr
e`f` 0.888 rkeoïj jèofls vovls.
V`s` fk clrtìof`f jklj`tì t`rfã`= Uk rkaokrk ` i`s fkaujeoljks fk joðls fk kjtrk ils > y ils 24 fã`s fk vof`.
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2.?. V`s` fk clrtìof`f aktì t`rfã`= Uk fkaojk elcl ’i` cukrtk è`keof` ` i`s 24 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj l
fkspuïs, `jtks fk i` kxpuisoõj elcpikt` l kxtrèeoõj fki eukrpl fk i` c`frk fki prlfuetl fk i` eljekpeoõj,
euìquokr` quk d`y` sofl i` furèoõj fk i` nkstèoõj. I` cukrtk sk skðì` plr ki dkedl fk quk ki aktl jl rkspor`
l jo cukstr` euìquokr ltrl sonjl fk vof`, tì elcl ki i`tofl e`rfãèl, i` puisèoõj fki elrfõj ucboioeì l ki
clvocokjtl kaketovl fk cýseuils vliujt`rols–.
2.08. V`s` fk clrtìof`f pkroj`tì= Uk rkaokrk ` i` cukrtk fki aktl l rkeoïj j`

jèofl
eofl fksfk i`s 24 skc`j`s fk
kcb`r`zl d`st` i` prockr` skc`j` fk vof` (> fã`s).
fã`s).
AON. ?
Clrtìof`f oja`jtoi y sus elcpljkjtks. Edoik 2880 - 2802.
AON. 08
Aukjtk= FKOU-COJU@I
Kj ki pkrãlfl 2.880-2.802, i` clrtìof`f oja`jtoi d` prkskjt`fl uj fksekjsl fk 4,5 ` >,6 plr 0.888 jèofls
vovls7 lbskrvàjflsk ikvks v`roèoljks kj i` clrtìof`f jklj`tì, ìe`jz`jfl t`s`s quk aiuetý`j kjtrk ;,8 y ;,6
plr 0.888 jèofls vovls rkspketov`ckjtk7 i` clrtìof`f jklj`tì prkelz prkskjt` uj ùckjtl fk 5,> ` 6,2 plr
0.888 jèofls vovls7 i` clrtìof`f pkroj`tì ùckjt` kj alrc` nr`fuì kjtrk ils `ðls 2.880 y 2.88?, ilnr`jfl
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uj` foscojueoõj ` uj` t`s` fk ?,6 plr 0.888 jèofls vovls, ki 2.802.
2.00. V`s` fk clrtìof`f akckjoj` (plr skxl)= cofk ki roksnl fk cukrtk akckjoj` plr 088 coi d`bot`jtks.
AON.00
Aukjtk= Ki`blr`fl ` p`rtor fk Kst`fãstoe`s Qotìks fk 2.882 y 2.802, y Kstocèoljks y prlykeeoljks fk
plbièoõj ètuìoz`f`s, 2882-2828, OJK.
Eùs`s kxtkrj`s fk cukrtk akckjoj`=
Fki tltì fk fkaujeoljks plr eùs`s kxtkrj`s, i`s cukrtks akckjoj`s ùckjt`rlj uj 26,1%. Kj 2.802 kj
cumkrks, ils nrupls fk eùs`s kxtkrj`s quk prkskjt`rlj i` c`ylr eljekjtrèoõj plrekjtuì fk fkaujeoljks
aukrlj i`s e`ãf`s èeofkjtìks elj uj 2>% y ils èeofkjtks fk tr`jsplrtk elj 21%, `plrt`jfl kst`s fls
eùs`s kj eljmujtl, ki ;5% fk i`s cukrtks akckjoj`s.
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2.02. V`s` fk clrtìof`f nojkeliõnoe`= Cofk ki roksnl fk cukrtk fk cumkrks plr eàjekr nojkeliõnoel (eàjekr
ekrvoelutkrojl-eàjekr utkrojl- eàjekr c`c`rol ― eàjekr lvàroel), plr 088 coi cumkrks.
AON.02
Aukjtk= FKOU, Cojostkrol fk Uìuf-Edoik
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@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
Kj uj EKUA@C fk jukstrl p`ãs ki kquopl fk @tkjeoõj Xroc`ro` rkeliket` ojalrcèoõj kst`fãstoe` fk i` elcuj`
y p`ãs p`r` rkìoz`r uj fo`njõstoel fk sìuf elcujot`ro`. Kjtrk ils ojfoe`flrks kiknofls sk kjeukjtr`j=
 KUXKR@J]@ FK QOF@ @I J@EKR

 V@U@ FK J@V@IOF@F
Uknýj ils f`tls kxpukstls kj i`s aonur`s 5 y > fki `pujtk

`puj tk kj eursl, sk lbskrv` quk=
(C`re` elj uj` x i` `skvkrèoõj elrrket`)
I@ KUXKR@J]@ FK QOF@ @I J@EKR KU=
C`ylr kj cumkrks D` foscojuofl ` il i`rnl fk ils `ðls.
C`ylr kj dlcbrks D` ùckjt`fl ` il i`rnl fk ils `ðls.
I@ V@U@ FK J@V@IOF@F=
D` foscojuofl ` il i`rnl Ki `ðl 2.802 Edoik prkskjt` uj`

fk ils `ðls (0.?18-2.802) J`tìof`f fk 06 plr 0888 d`bot`jtks.
D` ùckjt`fl ` il Ki `ðl 2.802 Edoik prkskjt` uj`

i`rnl fk ils `ðls J`tìof`f fk 5;,1 plr 0888 d`bot`jtks.
(0.?18-2.802)
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@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
Kj ki Ukrvoeol fk Lbstktroeo` y Jklj`tlilnã` fk uj dlspotì fk i` 4¸ Rknoõj fk Edoik sk c`jkm`j ojfoe`flrks

plr cukrtks c`tkrj`s, `blrtls, fkaujeoljks aktìks y jklj`tìks. E`f` ujl fk ils kvkjtls ckjeolj`fls sk
rkièolj` elj i`s sonuokjtks fkaojoeoljks.
Elcpikt` ki sonuokjtk eu`frl=
FKAOJOEOLJ ELJEKXVL
Uk fkaojk elcl ’i` cukrtk è`keof` ` i`s 24
skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj l fkspuïs, `jtks fk i`
kxpuisoõj elcpikt` l kxtrèeoõj fki eukrpl fk i`
c`frk fkisofl
quk d`y` prlfuetl fk i` eljekpeoõj,
i` furèoõj euìquokr`
fk i` nkstèoõj.
Kiocojèoõj fki prlfuetl fk i` eljekpeoõj elj
pksl ckjlr fk ;88 nrs, nkjkrìckjtk `jtks fk i`
skc`j` 28, prlvle`fl l kspljtàjkl.
Ks i` kxpuisoõj l kxtrèeoõj elcpikt` fki eukrpl
fk i` c`frk fki prlfuetl fk i` eljekpeoõj
ojfkpkjfokjtk fk i` furèoõj fki kcb`r`zl y quk
rkspor` l f` skðì fk vof`.
Ojfoe` ils aìikeofls fur`jtk i` prockr` skc`j`
(prockrls > fã`s) plr e`f` 0.888 rkeoïj jèofls
vovls.
Ks i` cukrtk fki prlfuetl fk i` eljekpeoõj `jtks
fk i` kxpuisoõj l kxtrèeoõj
kxt rèeoõj elcpikt` fki eukrpl
fk i` c`frk ojfkpkjfokjtk fk i` furèoõj fki
kcb`r`zl y quk jl f` skðìks fk vof`.
Uk rkaokrk ` i` cukrtk fki aktl l rkeoïj jèofl
fksfk i`s 24 skc`j`s fk kcb`r`zl d`st` i`
prockr` skc`j` fk vof` (> fã`s)
Ks ki jýckrl `juì fk cukrtks fk cumkrks plr
e`f` 088.888 joðls jèofls vovls plr euìquokr
eùs` rkièolj`f` l `nr`v`f` plr ki kcb`r`zl l
su c`jkml
Uk rkaokrk ` i`s fkaujeoljks fk joðls fk kjtrk ils
> y ils 24 fã`s fk vof`.
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@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
Ki `spketl JL RKXRLF[EVOQL fk i` Uìuf fk i` cumkr ks uj` fk i`s nr`jfks prkleupèoljks fki Cojostkrol
fk Uìuf. Ks plr kiil quk sk d`j kiknofl ojfoe`flrks kspkeãaoels p`r` ckfor ki roksnl fk cukrtk akckjoj` y i`
clrtìof`f nojkeliõnoe` ` tr`vïs fk v`rols topls fk eàjekr.
Fk èukrfl ` kstl jlcbr`=
0.-I`s ; eùs`s projeopìks fk cukrtk akckjoj` kj Edoik
@.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
B.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
E.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
F.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
K.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.-Ils 6 topls fk eàjekr ojeiuofls kj i` cukrtk nojkeliõnoe`=
@.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
B.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
E.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
F.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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RKUX[KUV@U=
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0=
I@ KUXKR@J]@ FK QOF@ @I J@EKR KU=
C`ylr kj cumkrks
D` ùckjt`fl ` il i`rnl fk ils `ðls.
I@ V@U@ FK J@V@IOF@F=
D` foscojuofl ` il i`rnl fk ils `ðls (0.?18-2.802)
Ki `ðl 2.802 Edoik prkskjt` uj` J`tìof`f fk 06 plr 0888 d`bot`jtks.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2=
ELJEKXVL
CLRV@IOF@F AKV@I V@RFO@
@BLRVL
J@EOFL QOQL
CLRV@IOF@F JKLJ@V@I XRKEL]

FKA[JEOLJ AKV@I
CLRV@IOF@F XKROJ@V@I
CLRV@IOF@F C@VKRJ@
CLRV@IOF@F JKLJ@V@I V@RFO@
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
0.-I`s ; eùs`s projeopìks fk cukrtk akckjoj` kj Edoik
@.-KJAKRCKF@FKU FKI UOUVKC@ RKUXOR@VLROL
B.-V[CLRKU C@IONJLU
E.-KJAKRCKF@FKU FKI @X@R@VL RKUXOR@VLROL
F.-KJAKRCKF@FKU FKI @X@R@VL FONKUVOQL
K.- KJAKRCKF@FKU FK I@U NI@JF[I@U KJFLEROJ@U, FK I@ J[VROEOLJ _ CKV@BLIOE@U
2.-Ils 6 topls fk eàjekr ojeiuofls kj i` cukrtk nojkeliõnoe`=
@.-E@JEKR FK C@C@U
B.-E@JEKR FK E[KIIL [VKROJL
E.-E@JEKR FKI E[KRXL [VKROJL
F.-E@JEKR LQ@ROEL
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BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
CLRV@IOF@F KJ
dttp=//www.ojk.ei/ EDOIK, 2882 _ 2802oljks/eìkjf`rol\fk\pubioeèoljks/pfa/clrtìof`f.pfa
dttp=//www.ojk.ei/e`jìks/ckju/pubioeè
e`jìks/ckju/pubioeèoljks/eìkjf`rol\fk\pubioeèoljks/pfa/clrtìof`f.pfa
N[Ã@ XKROJ@V@I 280;

Edoik V`s` fk clrtìof`f c`tkrj`

dttp=//www.ojfkxcujfo.elc/ks/edoik/t`s
dttp=//www.ojfkxcujfo.elc/ks/edoik/t`s`\fk\clrtìof`f\c`tkrj`.dtci
`\fk\clrtìof`f\c`tkrj`.dtci (ojalrcèoõj elrrk
elrrket`
et` d`st` ki 1 fk
muiol fk 280;)
OJFOE@FLRKU BÀUOELU FK U@I[F, EDOIK 2806
dttp=//www.fkos.ei/wp-eljtkjt/upil`fs/280;/84/OBU-2806.pfa
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Rkeljlekj `spketls aujf`ckjtìks, lbmktovls y ètovof`fks fki prlnr`c` fk sìuf fk i` cumkr fki
COJU@I.
5.0.- @spketls aujf`ckjtìks fki prlnr`c` fk sìuf fk i` cumkr fki COJU@I= I` eljfoeoõj fk i` cumkr ks
ekjtrì kj ki fks`rrliil duc`jl y fk i`s sleokf`fks= slbrk kii` rke`k i` rkspljs`boiof`f, y ils roksnls, fki
prleksl rkprlfuetovl, t`jtl kj il boliõnoel elcl kj il sleoì. Rkfueor i` sìuf fk i`s cumkrks sõil ` i` sìuf
c`tkrjl oja`jtoi, ` i` vof` rkprlfuetov`, kjalquk kskjeoì dèk 58-68 `ðls plr i`s ìt`s eoar`s fk clrtìof`f p`r`
`cbls ojtknr`jtks fki bojlcol c`frk-doml, rksuit` dly pikj`ckjtk ojsuaoeokjtk ì lcotor ltr`s fockjsoljks fk
nr`j ocplrt`jeo`, elcl ks plr kmkcpil quk i` cumkr sk` vost` elcl uj sumktl quk fkskcpkð` uj` `cpio` n`c`
fk rliks kj i` sleokf`f eljtkcplràjk`, y ` i` iuz fk ils jukvls fksàãls kpofkcoliõnoels quk kjarkjt` ki p`ãs.
Ki `ðl 0.??6 ki Cojostkrol fk Uìuf `flpt` i` fkeosoõj fk tr`jsalrc`r ki tr`foeoljì Xrlnr`c` fk Uìuf C`tkrj`
y Xkroj`tì kj uj Xrlnr`c` fk Uìuf fk i` Cumkr, ki euì, soj fkseuof`r i`s èeoljks fk prltkeeoõj fki prleksl
rkprlfuetovl elj ils kxekikjtks ojfoe`flrks ìe`jz`fls ( clrtìof`f oja`jtoi y pkroj`tì, clrtìof`f c`tkrj` ),
sk prlpljk `nrkn`r `spketls fk sìuf jl rkprlfuetovls tìks elcl=
 Uìuf ckjtì.
 Uìuf i`blrì.
 @tkjeoõj kj ki pkrãlfl plstckjlpàusoel.
 Kjalquk fk Nïjkrl.
I` c`ylrã` fk ils prlbikc`s fk sìuf fk i`s cumkrks slj kvot`biks, plr il euì ki ïja`sos kj i`s èeoljks fk
sìuf fkbk ekjtr`rsk kj i` prlcleoõj, i` prkvkjeoõj y i` ojtknrìof`f, p`r` f`r fkbof` rkspukst` ` i`s
jkeksof`fks prlpo`s fk e`f` kt`p` fki eoeil votì.
AON.05
XRLXÕUOVL=
Eljtrobuor ì fks`rrliil ojtknrì, aãsoel, ckjtì y sleoì fk i` cumkr, kj tlf`s i`s kt`p`s fk su eoeil votì, fksfk
uj` pkrspketov` quk eljtkcpik ils fovkrsls `spketls rkièolj`fls elj i` sìuf fk i` cumkr, elj uj kjalquk fk
roksnl quk eljtkcpik i` prlcleoõj, prkvkjeoõj, rkeupkrèoõj, rkd`boiotèoõj y ùtleuof`fl fk su sìuf.
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AON. 06 (Cumkrks kj tlf`s i`s kt`p`s fk su eoeil votì)
LBMKVOQLU NKJKR@IKU=
0. Alckjt`r i` c`jtkjeoõj fk i`s eljfoeoljks boliõnoe`s, psoelàketov`s y sleoìks fk i` plbièoõj akckjoj`,

prkp`ràjfli` p`r` kjarkjt`r `fkeu`f`ckjtk i`s foakrkjtks kt`p`s fk su eoeil votì, kstocui`jfl su p`r p`rtoeopèoõj
toeopèoõj
elcl sumktl ètovl kj ki euof`fl fk su sìuf y i` fk su a`coio`.
2. Xrkvkjor i` `p`roeoõj fk àkeeoljks quk ìtkrkj i` sìuf fk i` cumkr, ckfo`jtk i` pksquos` y eljtrli lplrtujl
fk aètlrks fk roksnl y i` prkvkjeoõj fk f`ðls kspkeãaoels, ` aoj fk ckmlr`r i` eìof`f fk vof` kj i`s foakrkjtks
kt`p`s fki eoeil votì.
5. @ekjtu`r ki kjalquk prkvkjtovl y fk roksnl kj i` kmkeueoõj fk i`s ètovof`fks, elj ki aoj fk prkvkjor i`
`p`roeoõj fk àkeeoljks quk ojeofkj kj i` sìuf fk i` cumkr, n`r`jtoz`jfl i` fktkeeoõj y tr`t`cokjtl lplrtujl
kj ils foakrkjtks jovkiks fk elcpikmof`f fk `tkjeoõj.
6. Lrokjt`r ` i` cumkr, i` p`rkm` y ` i` a`coio` p`r` ki kmkreoeol fk uj` p`tkrjof`f rkspljs`bik y uj` skxuìof`f
sìuf`bik.
;. Xrlclvkr uj clfkil fk sìuf ojtknrì quk ojelrplrk ` i` p`rkm` y a`coio` kj ètovof`fks fk prlcleoõj,
alckjtl, rkeupkrèoõj y rkd`boiotèoõj fk i` sìuf.
5.2.-Lbmktovls y ètovof`fks fki Xrlnr`c` fk sìuf fk i` cumkr kj ki Jovki Xroc`rol fk @tkjeoõj=
@EVOQOF@F LBMKVOQL
ELJVRLI XRKELJEKXEOLJ@I= Ks i` Eljtrobuor ` i` prlcleoõj, prltkeeoõj y rkeupkrèoõj fk i`
`tkjeoõj ojtknrì prlplreolj`f` plr sìuf fk i` cumkr kj kt`p` prkeljekpeoljì.
C`trlj`s kj Eljsuitlrol fk `tkjeoõj
Xroc`ro` ` i` cumkr kj kf`f aïrtoi quk fksk`
ojoeo`r l plspljkr uj kcb`r`zl.
ELJVRLI XRKJ@V@I= Ks i` `tkjeoõj Eljtrli`r ki fks`rrliil aosoliõnoel fk i` nkstèoõj, prkvkjor
ojtknrì sostkcàtoe` y pkroõfoe`, elj elcpioeèoljks, fo`njlstoe`r y tr`t`r lplrtuj`ckjtk i`
kjalquk fk roksnl quk sk ltlrn` ` i` p`tlilnã`, fkrov`r ` jovkiks fk c`ylr elcpikmof`f eu`jfl
kcb`r`z`f`. elrrkspljf`, y prkp`r`r ` i` c`frk y su p`rkm`, aãsoe` y
psãquoe`ckjtk p`r` ki p`rtl y ki euof`fl fk su doml.
d oml.
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ELJVRLI FKI FKU@RRLIIL  Ltlrn`r `tkjeoõj ` i` cumkr kcb`r`z`f` elj su

XUOEL@AKEVOQL FKI AKVL _ p`rkm`, p`r` a`vlrkekr i` rkspljs`boiof`f fk i`
XRKX@R@EOLJ X@R@ KI X@RVL _ XLUV a`coio` elcl jýeikl sleoì proc`rol kj i` prlvosoõj
X@RVL. (U@I[F CKJV@I XKROJ@V@I)= Ks fk euof`fl y àketl.
i` `tkjeoõj nrupì prlplreolj`f` plr uj A`vlrkekr ki fks`rrliil fki aktl ` tr`vïs fk uj`

kquopl fk sìuf ` uj nrupl fk cumkrks ojtkrèeoõj psoelàketov` fk i` c`frk ki aktl y ki

kcb`r`z`f`s quk lpt`tov`ckjtk sk`j p`frk.
èlcp`ð`f`s plr su p`rkm` ` tr`vïs fk uj Cltov`r i` èeoõj fk sus p`rtoeop`jtks slbrk ils

tr`b`ml nrupì quk pkrcot` uj` ojtkrèeoõj eljleocokjtls p`r` quk fks`rrliikj i` erk`tovof`f
kjtrk i` c`frk, p`frk y aktl, p`r` ojfovofuì.
kst`bikekr ki vãjeuil àketovl, skjslroì,
psoeliõnoel, fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl su
prkp`rèoõj p`r` ki p`rtl y `yuf`r ` `cbls
p`frks ` fks`rrlii`r sus rkspketovls rliks
p`rkjtìks.
ELJVRLI FK X[KRXKROL= Ks i` `tkjeoõj Eljtrli`r i` kvliueoõj jlrcì fk kstk pkrãlfl, prkvkjor y
ojtknrì y elj kjalquk fk roksnl quk sk fktket`r eu`frls cõrbofls rkièolj`fls elj ki pukrpkrol
ltlrn` ` i` puïrpkr` d`st` ils 62 fã`s rkeoïj jèofl y ièt`jeo`.
fkspuïs fki p`rtl.
ELJVRLI FK U@I[F FKI RKEOÏJ Ojoeo`r ki eljtrli fk sìuf fki joðl y pksquos`r clrboiof`f
J@EOFL=
J@EOF L= Ks i` `tkjeoõj quk sk ltlrn` ì y/l aètlrks fk roksnl.
rkeoïj jèofl eljsuitlrol elj ki prockr
eljtrli fk i` puïrpkr` d`st` ils 24 fã`s fk
vof`.
Q@E[J@EOLJ BEN KJ KI RKEOÏJ Ojcujoz`r eljtr` i` tubkreuilsos (VBE) tlfls ils rkeoïj
J@EOFL=
J@EOF L= Ks i` `fcojostrèoõj fk vèuj`s jèofls p`r` foscojuor ki roksnl fk i` Ckjojnotos VBE y i`
BEN ì Rkeoïj Jèofl (BRJ) kj ki tkreol VBE coio`r sustotuykjfl i` ojakeeoõj j`turì voruikjt` y jl
supkrolr fki br`zl ozquokrfl. eu`jtoaoe`bik plr uj` ojakeeoõj `voruikjt` y ckfobik.
ELJU[IV@ FK I@EV@JEO@ C@VKRJ@= Alckjt`r i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` kxeiusov` d`st`

Ks i` `tkjeoõj ltlrn`f` kj ils skos prockrls cksks fk vof` y su c`jtkjeoõj

kst`bikeocokjtls fki jovki proc`rol (kj i`s d`st` ils 02 cksks fk kf`f (elj
eiãjoe`s fk ièt`jeo` l kj `tkjeoõj fk elcpikckjtèoõj jl iàetk`).
[rnkjeo` fk C`tkrjof`f kj dlr`rols jl  Ilnr`r uj` ièt`jeo` kxotls` rkalrz`jfl i`
dàboiks), ì bojlcol c`frk-doml, elj ki aoj pràetoe` `fkeu`f` fk i`s tïejoe`s fk
fk c`jtkjkr l rkeupkr`r i` ièt`jeo` `c`c`jt`cokjtl.
c`tkrj` kxeiusov`, sk eljsofkr` elcl  Vr`t`r lplrtuj`ckjtk ils prlbikc`s rkièolj`fls
urnkjeo`, il euì ocpioe` `tkjeoõj elj i` c`frk y/l doml, quk foaoeuitkj l ojdob`j i`
ojckfo`t`. ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`.
 Fkrov`r lplrtuj`ckjtk ` ekjtrls fk c`ylr
elcpikmof`f, ` i`s c`frks elj p`tlilnã`
p `tlilnã`
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l@R F; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
`sleo`f` l rkièolj`f` elj ki `c`c`jt`cokjtl y

quk jl pukf`j skr rksukitls ` ksk jovki.
 Foscojuor i` Vr`jscosoõj vkrtoeì fk QOD/UOF@ kj
cumkr QOD plsotov` eljleof`.
ELJUKMKRÃ@ KJ U@I[F UKT[@I _  Ojalrc`r y lrokjt`r ckfo`jtk tïejoe`s fk
RKXRLF[EVOQ@= Ks i` `tkjeoõj ojfovofuì p`rtoeopèoõj ètov`, èkre` fk sìuf
prlplreolj`f` ` i` plbièoõj nkjkrì l rkprlfuetov`, pi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r y cïtlfls
nrupls kspkeãaoels elj ki aoj fk kjtrkn`r `jtoeljekptovls.
ojalrcèoõj ei`r`, elcpikt` y lplrtuj`,  Eljsofkr`r i` kxplsoeoõj ì roksnl fk QOD/UOF@
quk iks pkrcot` tlc`r sus prlpo`s p`r` i` kikeeoõj fki cïtlfl càs `fkeu`fl y su
fkeosoljks kj rkièoõj ` sìuf elrrketl usl.
rkprlfuetov`, pi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r y  Lrokjt`r èkre` fk elcl èekfkr ` ils skrvoeols
cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls. fk rknuièoõj fk akeujfof`f fospljobiks
 Eljtrobuor ` i` prkvkjeoõj fki kcb`r`zl jl
fksk`fl y sus plsobiks eljskeukjeo`s (`blrtl
ojfueofl, rked`zl c`tkrjl, `b`jfljl y cìtr`tl
oja`jtoi, volikjeo` ojtrà`coio`r, fkskreoõj kseli`r).
 Eljtrobuor ` i` prkvkjeoõj fk rkojeofkjeo`
`blrtov` kj cumkrks elj slspked` y/l
`jtkekfkjtks fk `blrtl prlvle`fl.
 Xksquos`r y rkakror ìtkrèoljks fk i` akrtoiof`f.
 Xksquos`r, tr`t`r y/l rkakror ìtkrèoljks fk i`
ksakr` fk i` skxuìof`f.
 Xrlclvkr i` prkvkjeoõj fki QOD/UOF@.

ELJVRLI FK RKN[I@EOÕJ FK  Ojalrc`r ` i` cumkr y/l su p`rkm` slbrk topls,
AKE[JFOF@F=
AKE[JF OF@F= Ks i` `tkjeoõj ojtknrì e`rètkrãstoe`s y fospljoboiof`f fk ils cïtlfls fk
prlplreolj`f` kj alrc` lplrtuj` y rknuièoõj fk i` akeujfof`f y ils `spketls
eljaofkjeoì ` i` cumkr y/l ` i` p`rkm` kj rkièolj`fls elj pi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r.
kf`f aïrtoi quk fksk` rknui`r su  Xkrcotor quk i` cumkr y/l su p`rkm` fkeof`j iobrk k
akeujfof`f. ojalrc`f`ckjtk slbrk i` pràetoe` fk i`
rknuièoõj fk i` akeujfof`f y ki cïtlfl ` us`r.

Xrkserobor
rknuièoõjyfk
eljtrli`r ki usl fki
i` akeujfof`f cïtlfl
kiknofl plr fk
usu`ro`s.
 @sknur`r ` i`s usu`ro`s i` eljtojuof`f fk i`
`tkjeoõj y ki sucojostrl fk ojsucls fk rknuièoõj
fk akeujfof`f.
 Xrlclvkr i` prkvkjeoõj fk i` tr`jscosoõj vkrtoeì
fki QOD/UOF@ ` tr`vïs fk eljskmkrã` y kvìuèoõj
fk i` kxplsoeoõj ì roksnl prlpol y fk i` p`rkm`7
eljskjtocokjtl ojalrc`fl.
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ELJVRLI NOJKELIÕNOEL XRKQKJVOQL=  Rkìoz`r èeoljks fk alckjtl y prltkeeoõj fk i`

Ks i` `tkjeoõj fk sìuf nojkeliõnoe` sìuf ojtknrì fk i` cumkr.
ojtknrì, prlplreolj`f` ` i` plbièoõj  Fktket`r prkelzckjtk tr`stlrjls fk i` jutroeoõj
akckjoj` ` il i`rnl fk su eoeil votì.  Xrkvkjor y pksquos`r kxplsoeoljks ` roksnls
r oksnls
i`blrìks y `cbokjtìks.
 Xrkvkjor y fktket`r prkelzckjtk ìtkrèoljks fk
i` ksakr` kcleoljì y skxuì.
 Xrkvkjor y fktket`r prkelzckjtk àkeeoljks
nojkeliõnoe`s.
 Xrlclvkr i` fktkeeoõj fk i`s kjakrckf`fks fk
tr`jscosoõj skxuì y UOF@.
 Xrkvkjor y pksquos`r aètlrks fk roksnl p`r`
p`tlilnã`s E`rfolv`seui`r, lbksof`f,
dopkrtkjsoõj, fo`bktks, eàjekrks (ekrvoelutkrojl,
c`c`, vksoeui`r).
 Xksquos`r y fktket`r kjakrckf`fks erõjoe`s kj
i`s foakrkjtks kt`p`s fki eoeil votì fk i` cumkr.
 Xksquos`r clrboiof`f quk pukf` àket`r ` i`
cumkr kj ki pkrãlfl eioc`tïroel y skjksekjeo`.
 Kxpilr`r `spketls fk volikjeo` ojtrà`coio`r
 Rkìoz`r `fkeu`fl sknuocokjtl fk i` plbièoõj
akckjoj` bkjkaoeo`ro`.
ELJU[IV@ FK CLRBOIOF@F  Fo`njlstoe`r clrboiof`f lbstïtroe`
LBUVÏVROE@= Ks i` `tkjeoõj  Vr`t`r y eljtrli`r i` p`tlilnã` d`st` i`
prlplreolj`f` ` i` kcb`r`z`f` l rkeupkrèoõj fk i` eljsuit`jtk, sknýj jlrc`s.
puïrpkr` kj ki jovki proc`rol, quk èufk  Fkrov`r lplrtuj`ckjtk ` jovki fk c`ylr
kspljtàjk`ckjtk l plr rkakrkjeo`, plr elcpikmof`f.
prkskjt`r ìnuj` sojtlc`tlilnã` fk
p`tlilnã` lbstïtroe`.
ELJU[IV@ FK CLRBOIOF@F Foscojuor ils roksnls y kaketu`r tr`t`cokjtl lplrtujl p`r`
NOJKELIÕNOE@=
NOJKELIÕNOE @= Ks i` `tkjeoõj kvot`r elcpioeèoljks.
prlplreolj`f` kj ki eljsuitlrol ` i` cumkr
kj sus fostojt`s kt`p`s fk fks`rrliil
(oja`jtoi, `fliksekjtk y `fuitl) quk
prkskjt` uj` p`tlilnã` prlpo`ckjtk tì l
clrboiof`f fkpkjfokjtk fki usl fk ìnýj
cïtlfl fk p`tkrjof`f rkspljs`bik.
ELJVRLI FK EIOC@VKROL= Ks i` Xrkvkjor y fktket`r prkelzckjtk i`s p`tlilnã`s càs
`tkjeoõj sostkcàtoe` prlplreolj`f` ` i` arkeukjtks kj kstk pkrãlfl fki eoeil votì fk i` cumkr.
plbièoõj akckjoj` eioc`tïroe` fk ;8 ` 16
`ðls.
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ELJU[IV@ XLR KJAKRCKF@F FK  Xrkvkjor, fo`njlstoe`r lplrtuj`ckjtk y tr`t`r i`s
VR@JUCOUOLJ UKT[@I QOD/UOF@= Ks i` KVU.
`tkjeoõj ojtknrì prlplreolj`f` kj ki  Eljtrli`r i`s KVU y prkvkjor i`s elcpioeèoljks,
prockr jovki fk `tkjeoõj ` i` cumkr y su elj ïja`sos kj i` prkvkjeoõj fk i` Iýks
p`rkm`, fkstoj`f` ` foscojuor ki roksnl fk Eljnïjot` y fk i` tr`jscosoõj vkrtoeì fki QOD.
ojakeeoõj y i` clrboclrtìof`f prlfueof`  Rkìoz`r ojtkrvkjeoljks kfue`tov`s quk
plr i`s kjakrckf`fks fk tr`jscosoõj prlcukv`j ki ùtleuof`fl kj sìuf y ki kmkreoeol
skxuì y UOF@. rkspljs`bik fk i` skxuìof`f.
 N`r`jtoz`r i` `tkjeoõj kxpkfot` ` i`s ètovof`fks
fk prltkeeoõj y rkeupkrèoõj.
ELJU[IV@ J[VROEOLJ@I KJ KI Ltlrn`r `tkjeoõj jutroeoljì y foktïtoe` `fkeu`f` ` i`

XRLEKUL RKXRLF[EVOQL= Ks i` sotuèoõj fk e`f` kcb`r`z`f` l puïrpkr` quk il rkquokr`,
`tkjeoõj foktïtoe` l foktltkr`pïutoe` ` aoj fk kikv`r su jovki fk sìuf.
prlplreolj`f` ` kcb`r`z`f`s y
puïrpkr`s elj ìtkrèoljks fk topl
aosolp`tliõnoel l jutroeoljì, p`r`
clfoaoe`r l rkalrz`r su ìockjtèoõj,
rkakrof`s plr C`trlj`.
ELJU[IV@ J[VROEOLJ@I X@R@ I@ Ltlrn`r `tkjeoõj jutroeoljì y foktïtoe` `fkeu`f` ` i`
C[MKR JL NKUV@JVK= Ks i` `tkjeoõj sotuèoõj fk e`f` cumkr quk il rkquokr`, elj ki lbmktl fk
foktïtoe` l foktltkr`pïutoe` prlplreolj`f` ckmlr`r t`jtl i` sotuèoõj jutroeoljì elcl fk sìuf.
` cumkrks jl nkst`jtks s`j`s l elj
ìtkrèoljks fk topl aosolp`tliõnoel l
jutroeoljì, p`r` clfoaoe`r l rkalrz`r su
ìockjtèoõj.
KJVRKN@ FK ELCXIKCKJVL Xrkvkjor l elrrknor i`s plsobiks fkaoeokjeo`s jutroeoljìks
J[VROEOLJ@I
J[VROE OLJ@I (XJ@E)= Ks i` kjtrkn` fki
elcpikckjtl ìockjt`rol ` i` kcb`r`z`f`
y puïrpkr` sknýj kvìuèoõj jutroeoljì y
fk èukrfl ` i`s Jlrc`s fki Xrlnr`c`
Jèoljì fk @iockjtèoõj Elcpikckjt`ro`
(XJ@E).
5.5.-Lbmktovls y ètovof`fks fki Xrlnr`c` fk sìuf fk i` cumkr kj ki Jovki Ukeujf`rol fk @tkjeoõj=
@EVOQOF@F LBMKVOQL
ELJU[IV@ KUXKEO@IO]@F@ FK
 Kjtrkn`r eljskmkrã` kj sìuf rkprlfuetov`
RKXRLF[EEOÕJ=
RKXRLF [EEOÕJ= Ks i` `tkjeoõj kspkeoìoz`f`, eljsofkr`jfl sotuèoõj pkrsljì fk e`f`
quk sk ltlrn` kj ki jovki skeujf`rol fk p`rkm`, sus vìlrks, erkkjeo`s y ètotufks.
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
`tkjeoõj, ` i` cumkr y p`rkm` fk c`ylr roksnl

 Ltlrn`r `tkjeoõj kj rknuièoõj fk
rkprlfuetovl quk rkquokrk fk kstufol y akeujfof`f ` i`s cumkrks elj ìtl roksnl
tkejlilnã`s fk c`ylr elcpikmof`f quk i`s rkprlfuetovl quk rkquokr`j fk usl fk
fospljobiks kj ki jovki proc`rol. C@Es jl fospljobiks kj ki jovki proc`rol.
Rkslivkr p`tlilnã` `sleo`f` ì usl fk

cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls kj usu`ro`s
fkrov`f`s fk ltrls jovkiks fk `tkjeoõj.
 Kvìu`r y fkeofor rkspketl ` slioeotufks fk
kstkroiozèoõj vliujt`ro` fkjtrl fk i` p`rkm`
(quorýrnoe`s u ltr`s ìtkrj`tov`s).

Rkìoz`r kstufols fk akrtoiof`f kj i`s
p`rkm`s quk il rkquokr`j y fk èukrfl ` ils
ckfols fospljobiks ` jovki ileì.
 Ofkjtoaoe`r aètlrks y eljfuet`s fk roksnl
p`r` i` `fquosoeoõj fki QOD/UOF@ y rkìoz`r
eljskmkrã`
ELJU[IV@ FK @IVL ROKUNL LBUVÏVROEL  Fo`njlstoe`r p`tlilnã` lbstïtroe` y aktì,
XKROJ@V@I=
XKROJ@ V@I= Ks i` `tkjeoõj prlplreolj`f` kj `sleo`f` y/l eljelcot`jtk y kvìu`r ki
Ekjtrls Kspkeoìoz`fls (EFV-ERU) ` i` nr`fl fk roksnl c`tkrjl-pkroj`tì.
kcb`r`z`f` fkrov`f` fki jovki proc`rol l  @pioe`r tkejlilnã` kspkeoìoz`f` p`r` ki
tkreo`rol quk prkskjt` ìnuj` p`tlilnã` l aètlr fo`njõstoel y tr`t`cokjtl.
fk roksnl c`tkrjl-pkroj`tì.  C`jtkjkr b`ml eljtrli d`st` su rksliueoõj
ils e`sls quk il rkquokr`j.
 C`jtkjkr sknuocokjtl ètovl fk plbièoõj
b`ml eljtrli (t`rmktkrl).
ELJU[IV@ CLRBOIOF@F NOJKELIÕNOE@= Ks Foscojuor ils roksnls y kvot`r elcpioeèoljks `
i` `tkjeoõj kj ki Uknujfl Jovki fk @tkjeoõj fk tr`vïs fk uj fo`njõstoel ekrtkrl y uj tr`t`cokjtl
i` cumkr quk prkskjt` uj` p`tlilnã` lplrtujl.
nojkeliõnoe` kj i`s fostojt`s kt`p`s fk su vof`
(oja`jtoi, `fliksekjtk, `fuitl).
ELJU[IV@ XLR KJAKRCKF@F FK  Xrkvkjor, fo`njlstoe`r lplrtuj`ckjtk y
VR@JUCOUOÕJ UKT[@I QOD/UOF@= Ks i` tr`t`r i`s KVU.
`tkjeoõj ojtknrì prlplreolj`f` kj ki jovki fk  Eljtrli`r i`s KVU y prkvkjor i`s
`tkjeoõj skeujf`ro` ` i` cumkr y su p`rkm`, elcpioeèoljks, elj ïja`sos kj i`
fkstoj`f` ` foscojuor ki roksnl fk ojakeeoõj y i` prkvkjeoõj fk i` Iýks Eljnïjot` y fk i`
clrboclrtìof`f prlfueof` plr i`s
kjakrckf`fks fk tr`jscosoõj skxuì y UOF@.  tr`jscosoõj
Rkìoz`r vkrtoeì fki QOD.
ojtkrvkjeoljks kfue`tov`s quk
prlcukv`j ki ùtleuof`fl kj sìuf y ki
kmkreoeol rkspljs`bik fk i` skxuìof`f.
 N`r`jtoz`r i` `tkjeoõj kxpkfot` ` i`s
ètovof`fks fk prltkeeoõj y rkeupkrèoõj.
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l@R F; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ELJVRLI U@JOV@ROL NOJKELIÕNOEL FK  Xrlclvkr i` prkvkjeoõj fk kjakrckf`fks

VR@B@M@FLR@U UKT[@IKU= Ks i` `tkjeoõj `fquorof`s plr eljtètl skxuì.
nojkeliõnoe` prkvkjtov` kj ki jovki skeujf`rol  Xksquos`r clrboiof`f quk pukf` àket`r `
quk ks prlplreolj`f` ` i`s pkrslj`s quk i`s pkrslj`s kj su `spketl rkprlfuetovl.
kmkrekj ki elckreol skxuì.  Fo`njlstoe`r lplrtuj`ckjtk i`s
kjakrckf`fks fk tr`jscosoõj skxuì
 @pioe`r ckfof`s tkr`pïutoe`s `jtk i`
slspked` fk K.V.U., prkvo` kvìuèoõj fk
i` kspkeoìof`f (Eljsuitlrol l Ekjtrl fk
KVU).

 Lrokjt`r ` i`s pkrslj`s quk sk kjeukjtr`j
kxpukst`s ` roksnl fk ìeldlioscl y/l
frln`foeeoõj.
Lrokjt`r ` i`s pkrslj`s kj rkièoõj `

rknuièoõj fk akeujfof`f.
Rkìoz`r eljskmkrã` kj p`tkrjof`f

rkspljs`bik.
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
5.6.-Lbmktovls y ètovof`fks fki Xrlnr`c` fk sìuf fk i` cumkr kj ki Jovki Vkreo`rol fk @tkjeoõj=
@EVOQOF@F LBMKVOQL
ELJU[IV@ FK [RNKJEO@ NOJKEL-

 Kaketu`r fo`njõstoel, ojfoe`r tr`t`cokjtl
LBUVÏVROE@=
LBUVÏVROE @= Ks i` `tkjeoõj ocplstkrn`bik kj `cbui`tlrol u dlspotìozèoõj.
i` [jof`f fk Rkekpeoõj fk ils Ukrvoeols fk Rkakror ì jovki fk `tkjeoõj elrrkspljfokjtk

Lbstktroeo` y Nojkelilnã` ` kcb`r`z`f`s, sknýj ki e`sl.

puïrpkr`s, cumkrks jl nkst`jtks, plr fkc`jf`
kspljtàjk` l rkakrof` fksfk ltr`s ojst`jeo`s.
DLUXOV@IO]@EOÕJ XLR X@RVL _ X[KRXKROL= Ltlrn`r `tkjeoõj lplrtuj`, ojtknrì y pkrsljìoz`f`
Ks ki ojnrksl ì Ukrvoeol fk Lbstktroeo` fk ` i` kcb`r`z`f` fur`jtk ki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl, p`rtl,
kcb`r`z`f`s l puïrpkr`s plr rkakrkjeo` l ìucbr`cokjtl, plst ìucbr`cokjtl y ki pukrpkrol.
eljsuit` kspljtàjk`.
DLUXOV@IO]@EOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL
 Xrlplreolj`r uj` `sostkjeo` ojtknrì,
JLRC@I= Ks ki ojnrksl ` i` [jof`f fk lplrtuj`, `fkeu`f`, pkrc`jkjtk y
Jklj`tlilnã` p`r` i` `tkjeoõj prlnrksov` fki pi`joaoe`f` fki rkeoïj jèofl.
rkeoïj jèofl fksfk su jèocokjtl d`st` ki ìt`,  A`vlrkekr ki eljtètl elj ki p`frk y
mujtl ` su c`frk. a`coio`rks
 @pioe`r ils p`sls p`r` uj` ièt`jeo`
kxotls`
 Xksquos`r prkelzckjtk p`tlilnã`s
DLUXOV@IO]@EOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL  Xrlplreolj`r uj` `tkjeoõj ojtknrì,
X@VLIÕNOEL L FK @IVL ROKUNL KJ I@ lplrtuj`, `fkeu`f`, pkrc`jkjtk y
[JOF@F FK JKLJ@VLILNÃ@= Ks ki ojnrksl ` i` pi`joaoe`f`, quk n`r`jtoek euof`fls
ujof`f
prkskjt`fkìnuj`
Jklj`tlilnã` fkilrkeoïj
p`tlilnã` jèoflfkquk
ìnýj aètlr ìtl eljtojuls fk elcpikmof`f
rkièoõj prlplreoljì erkeokjtk
ì nr`fl kj fki
fk roksnl
roksnl p`r` su slbrkvovkjeo`. jklj`tl.
 Ojelrplr`r ` i` a`coio` kj ki prleksl fk
rkeupkrèoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl.
 Kst`bikekr y c`jtkjkr vãjeuils fk `pknl.
 A`vlrkekr i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` kxeiusov`
eu`jfl ki e`sl il pkrcotk.
DLUXOV@IO]@EOÕJ XLR CLRBOIOF@F  Kvot`r i` `p`roeoõj fk elcpioeèoljks
LBUVÏVROE@=
LBUVÏVROE @= Ks i` `tkjeoõj ojtknrì c`tkrjl
ojtr`dlspotì`ro` prlplreolj`f` ` i` kcb`r`z`f`  Vr`t`r i` clrboiof`f prkskjtk lplrtuj` y
l eljelcot`jtk l `sleo`fl ` ïstk. `fkeu`f`ckjtk.
DLUXOV@IO]@EOÕJ XLR CLRBOIOF@F NOJKEL-  Kvot`r elcpioeèoljks tr`t`jfl lplrtuj` y
LJELIÕNOE@= Ks i` `tkjeoõj ojtr`dlspotì`ro`
LJELIÕNOE@= `fkeu`f`ckjtk i` clrboiof`f prkskjtk.
ojtknrì y lplrtuj` quk sk ltlrn` ` i`s cumkrks  Xrlclvkr ki ùtleuof`fl kj sìuf.
elj p`tlilnã` nojkeliõnoe` u ljeliõnoe`.  U`tosaèkr jkeksof`fks fk ojalrcèoõj fk
i` pèokjtk y su nrupl a`coio`r kj rkièoõj
r kièoõj `
2?

iLC
l@R F; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
su kposlfol cõrbofl l eùs` fk

dlspotìozèoõj.
DLUXOV@IO]@EOÕJ XLR @BLRVL= Ks i`  Xrlplreolj`r tr`t`cokjtl lplrtujl y
`tkjeoõj lplrtuj` k ojtknrì prlplreolj`f` ` i` `fkeu`fl
cumkr plr eùs` fk `blrtl, fksfk ki ojnrksl `  Kvot`r elcpioeèoljks.
uj Ukrvoeol fk Lbstktroeo` y Nojkelilnã`, y` sk`
plr fkc`jf` kspljtàjk` l rkakrof` plr ki
kquopl fk sìuf.
QONOI@JEO@
QONOI@JE O@ O@@U= Ks ki prleksl fk pksquos` Kst`bikekr lplrtuj`ckjtk i`s ckfof`s fk eljtrli l
fk ojakeeoljks `fquorof`s fur`jtk i` kst`fã`
ks t`fã` prkvkjeoõj fk `qukii`s ojakeeoljks càs ocplrt`jtks
dlspotì`ro`. ` jovki fki Ukrvoeol fk Lbstktroeo`, Nojkelilnã` y
Jklj`tlilnã`, kj kstrked` ellrfojèoõj elj ki jovki
proc`rol y skeujf`rol fk `tkjeoõj fk i` cumkr
58

iLC
l@R F; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
5.;.- Rli fki VKJU kj ki Xrlnr`c` fk Uìuf fk i` Cumkr kj ils trks jovkiks fk `tkjeoõj=
• Xrkp`rèoõj blx c`tkrjì

• Eljtrli sonjls votìks, pksl, tìi`
• Býsqukf` fk rksuit`fls fk kxàckjks (QOD, QFRI, X@X y ltrls.)
AON.0; (Eljtrli fk • C`jtkjeoõj fki t`rmktkrl prkj`tì y fk rknuièoõj fk akeujfof`f.

kcb`r`zl)
• C`jtkjeoõj fki t`rmktkrl fk X@X
• C`jtkjkr stleg fk c`tkroìks (kspïeuils, b`jfkm`s fk ojskreoõj fk FO[,

RLI VKJU c`tkroì p`r` kx`ckj fk X@X, kte)
JOQKI
XROC@ROL • I`v`fl y prkp`rèoõj y kstkroiozèoõj fk c`tkroìks
(XRLNR@C@ • Eli`blr`r elj i` c`trlj` kj kfueèoljks nrupìks, vosot`s flcoeoio`ro`s,
U@I[F FK I@ eotèoljks fk oj`sostkjtks ` eljtrliks fk kcb`r`zl y ` X@X
C[MKR)
• C`jkml fk t`rmktkrls fk pèokjtks kj eljtrli plr p`tlilnã` nojkeliõnoe` y

lbstïtroe`.
• Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks y `jtrlplcktrã`.
• Rkse`tk fk kxàckjks fk i`blr`tlrol.
AON.01 • Euof`fl y iocpokz` fk kquopls (cljotlr aktì ―keõnràl).

• Eli`blrèoõj elj cïfoel kspkeoìost` y c`trlj` kj prlekfocokjtls lbstïtroels y
nojkeliõnoels.
RLI VKJU
• I`v`fl y prkp`rèoõj fk c`tkroì p`r` kstkroiozèoõj.
JOQKI
UKE[JF@ROL • C`jtkjeoõj y rkplsoeoõj fk c`tkroìks k ojsucls kj blx fk `tkjeoõj.
(XRLNR@C@ • Eli`blrèoõj elj cïfoel y c`trlj` kj ètovof`fks kfue`tov`s p`r` i` pèokjtk
p èokjtk
U@I[F FK I@ kj eljtrli.
C[MKR)
50

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
• Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks

ks ` i` pèokjtk nojkelbstïtroe` y puïrpkr`.
• Eli`blrèoõj elj c`trlj` kj kvìuèoõj fk pèokjtk lbstïtroe`.
• Vr`si`fl fk pèokjtk fksfk skrvoeol fk urnkjeo` c`tkrjof`f ` ske

skeeoõj
eoõj
fk fkstojl y ` sì` fk X`rtls y/l X`bkiiõj eu`jfl elrrkspljf`.
• Eli`blrèoõj elj c`trlj` kj prlekfocokjtls elcl= tlc` fk kxàckjks
fk i`blr`tlrol, tètl v`nojì, ojstìèoõj fk vã` vkjls`.
AON.0> (@tkjeoõj prlaksoljì fki Euof`fls y tr`si`fl fk cljotlr aktì.
•
p`rtl)
• @skl y eljalrt fk i` pèokjtk nojkel-lbstïtroe` y puïrpkr`.
RLI VKJU
• @sostkjeo` kj sì` fk p`rtls ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj`.
JOQKI
•
VKREO@ROL Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj ki ùtleljtrli fk i` pèokjtk

(XRLNR@C@ lbstïtroe` kj sì` fk p`rtls y eljtrli fk i` rksporèoõj
r ksporèoõj kj ki pkrãlfl
U@I[F FK I@ kxpuisovl.
C[MKR) • I`v`fl y prkp`rèoõj fk c`tkroì p`r` kstkroiozèoõj.
• @tkjeoõj ojckfo`t` fki Rkeoïj Jèofl.
• Eli`blrèoõj elj i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i` `tkjeoõj fki Rkeoïj
jèofl p`tliõnoel kj ki skrvoeol fk Jklj`tlilnã`.
• Kfueèoõj pkrsljìoz`f` ` pèokjtk dlspotìoz`f` (plstlpkr`tlrol, ìt`,
euof`fls fki pukrpkrol, kte.)
• Vr`si`fl fk kxàckjks fk i`blr`tlrol.
• Rkplsoeoõj fk ojsucls ì skrvoeol quk elrrkspljf`.
52
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks fk usl kxeiusovl fk ils kstufo`jtks fki Ojstotutl Xrlaksoljì @OKX. Xrldobof` su rkprlfueeoõj. Fkrkedls rkskrv`fls @OKX

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
5.1.- Ocplrt`jeo` y vìlr fki VKJU kj ki prlnr`c` fk Uìuf fk i` Cumkr.
Ki VKJU eljstotuyk p`r` ki prlnr`c` fk sìuf fk i` Cumkr uj poi`r fk eli`blrèoõj aujf`ckjtì kj i`s
ètovof`fks ` rkìoz`r fksfk ki Jovki Xroc`rol ì Vkreo`rol, sokjfl p`r` i` c`trlj` y cïfoel kspkeoìost`, p`rtk
ocplrt`jtk y nr`j elcpikckjtl p`r` ki kquopl fk sìuf.
Ils fostojtls prlekfocokjtls ` rkìoz`r jl skrã`j plsobiks soj i` p`rtoeopèoõj fki VKJU, ks plr kiil quk ïstk
jkeksot` e`pèotèoõj eljst`jtk y kspkeãaoe` kj i`s fostojt`s àrk`s fk kstk prlnr`c`, `sã elcl c`jtkjkr uj
pkraoi fk ìt` kcp`tã` y skjsoboiof`f elj ils pèokjtks quk `tokjfk.
AON.04 (Eli`blrèoõj fki VKJU ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj`)

55

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
@ eljtojuèoõj sk ckjeolj`j 1 sotuèoljks eiãjoe`s, e`f` uj` fk kii`s elrrkspljfk ` uj jovki fk `tkjeoõj kj
i`s ètovof`fks fki prlnr`c` fk sìuf fk i` cumkr.
Elile` ki jýckrl fki jovki kj e`f` sotuèoõj sknýj elrrkspljf`=
@.\\\\\\\C`rã` Ob`rr` ks uj` pèokjtk kj eljtrli plr p`tlilnã` fki

kcb`r`zl. Dly auk kvìu`f` plr ki cïfoel lbstktr` Fr. Nljzàikz, quokj
slioeot` kxàckjks y rk`fkeu` tr`t`cokjtl lrì `jtodopkrtkjsovl.
B.\\\\\\\Ojnrks` ` i` sì` fk prkp`rtls fki Ukrvoeol fk Lbstktroeo` fki
Dlspotì fk Xukrtl Cljtt
Cljtt i` pèokjtk Qkrõjoe` Flj`y, elj kcb`r`zl fk
tïrcojl y tr`b`ml fk p`rtl `v`jz`fl.
0.-JOQKI XROC@ROL
E.\\\\\\\Eiùfo` Nõckz, c`trlj` fk uj EKUA@C, rkìoz` tìikrks fk
prkp`rèoõj ì p`rtl ` ; p`rkm`s.
2.-JOQKI F.\\\\\\\Rkeoïj Jèofl Ultl Qàsqukz ojnrks` ` Ukrvoeol fk

UKE[JF@ROL Jklj`tlilnã` elj eu`frl fk foaoeuit`f rkspor`tlro` tr`jsotlro` p`r`
lxonkjltkr`po` y c`jkml plr Jklj`tõilnl.
K.\\\\\\\C`roj` Uàkz èufk elj su rkeoïj jèofl fk 4 fã`s fk vof` ì
- eljtrli elj c`trlj` fk su EKUA@C, i` euì rkìoz` `jtrlplcktrã` y
kx`ckj aãsoel p`r` vkr su kst`fl nkjkrì y jutroeoljì.
A.\\\\\\\Eiùfo` y Dïetlr `sostkj ` eljtrli elj cïfoel kspkeoìost` kj
Ojakrtoiof
Ojakrtoiof`f
`f lr eurs`r
eurs`r càs fk uj `ðl ssoj
oj il r`r uj kcb`r`
kcb`r`zl
zl
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
Jlcbr` uj` èeoõj elrrkspljfokjtk ì RLI VKJU p`r` e`f` kvkjtl kjujeo`fl=
kju jeo`fl=
0. @tkjeoõj fk p`rtl vã` v`nojì kj sì` fk X`rtls plr prlaksoljì c`trlj`
RLI VKJU= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2. Eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl aosoliõnoel
aosoliõnoel fk pèokjtk lbstïtroe`
lbstïtroe` kj uj EKUA@C.
RLI VKJU= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
56

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
5. Elileèoõj fk fosplsotovl ojtrùtkrojl (FO[) ` pèokjtk kj uj EKUA@C.

RLI VKJU= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6. Eljtrli fk pèokjtk kcb`r`z`f` elj p`tlilnã` kj plioeiãjoel fk @itl Roksnl Lbstïtroel plr cïfoel lbstktr`.
RLI VKJU= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
;. Jèk rkeoïj jèofl kj sì` fk p`rtls.
RLI VKJU= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
RKUX[KUV@U=
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
@.-\\2\\\\
B.-\\5\\\\
E.-\\0\\\\
F.-\\5\\\\
K.-\\0\\\\
A.-\\2\\\\
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
0.-RLI VKJU=
 @sostkjeo` kj sì` fk p`rtls ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj`.
 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj ki ùtleljtrli fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` kj sì` fk p`rtls y

eljtrli fk i` rksporèoõj kj ki pkrãlfl kxpuisovl.
2.-RLI VKJU=
 Xrkp`rèoõj blx c`tkrjì

5;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Eljtrli sonjls votìks, pksl, tìi`
 Býsqukf` fk rksuit`fls fk kxàckjks (QOD, QFRI, X@X y ltrls.)
 C`jtkjeoõj fki t`rmktkrl prkj`tì
5.-RLI VKJU=
 C`jtkjkr stleg fk c`tkroìks (kspïeuils, b`jfkm`s fk ojskreoõj fk FO[)
 I`v`fl y prkp`rèoõj y kstkroiozèoõj fk c

c`tkroìks
`tkroìks
6.-RLI VKJU=
 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks y `jtrlplcktrã`.
 Eli`blrèoõj elj cïfoel kspkeoìost` y c`trlj` kj prlekfocokjtls lbstïtroels.
 Eli`blrèoõj elj cïfoel y c`trlj` kj ètovof`fks kfue`tov`s p`r` i` pèokjtk kj eljtrli.
51

iLCl@RXF; > >

Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@=
Xrlnr`c` fk Uìuf fk i` Cumkr (0??>),
(0??>) , vonkjtk ì 26 fk Ukptokcbrk fki 280;
Uãjtksos fk ils tkc`s fk Uìuf A`coio`r.

dttp=//ks.siofksd`rk.jkt/VKJUNOJKEL2800/
dttp=//ks.siofksd`rk.jkt/VKJUNOJKEL2800/sojtksos-fk-ils-tkc`s-fk-sì
sojtksos-fk-ils-tkc`s-fk-sìuuf-a`coio`r
f-a`coio`r
5>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@prkjfoz`mk kspkr`fl 6.
E`rètkroz`j, kj tïrcojls nkjkrìks, ki pkrãlfl fk kcb`r`zl jlrcì y ki p`tliõnoel y ki rli fki VKJU kj
kiils, kj ki eljtkxtl fki Xrlnr`c` fk Uìuf fk i` Cumkr.
0.0.0. Eoeil ckjstruì=
Ki eoeil ckjstruì ks ki prleksl quk

ì ýtkrl fk i` cumkr p`r` ki
prkp`r` ì
kcb`r`zl tlfls ils cksks, ckfo`jtk ki
fks`rrliil fk ils n`cktls akckjojls y
uj` skrok fk e`cbols aosoliõnoels. Uk
eljsofkr` uj eoeil eljt`jfl fksfk ki
prockr fã` fk uj pkrãlfl
l ckjstruèoõj, d`st` ki prockr fã` fki
pkrãlfl sonuokjtk.
AON.0? (Eoeil Ckjstruì)
I` prockr` ckjstruèoõj, t`cboïj eljleof` elcl ckj`rquã`, ks ki fã` kj ki quk sk prlfuek ki prockr
s`jnr`cokjtl v`nojì elj lronkj ckjstruì kj uj` cumkr, y supljk i` skðì fk quk ks aïrtoi y kstà
qu k su eukrpl y` ks
e`pèot`fl p`r` quk ils õvuils sk`j akeujf`fls p`r` f`r iun`r ` uj eonltl, quk plstkrolrckjtk sk eljvkrtorà
kj ki aktl. @ p`rtor fk i` ckj`rquã`, il j`turì skrã` quk sk suekf`j ils eeoeils
oeils ckjstruìks elj rknui`rof`f,
ùjquk ks d`botuì quk fur`jtk ils prockrls cksks l fk s`jnr`cokjtl, d`y` orrknui`rof`fks kj eu`jtl ` i`
arkeukjeo` y kj eu`jtl ` i` e`jtof`f fki pkrãlfl.
A`sks fki eoeil ckjstruì akckjojl=
Ckjstruèoõj=
 I` ckjstruèoõj l pkrãlfl ks ki s`jnr`cokjtl ckjsuì fk uj` cumkr.

 Fur`jtk i` ckjstruèoõj, ki eukrpl akckjojl kstà iobkràjflsk fk i`s eïiui`s fk rkeubrocokjtl fki
ýtkrl. I` s`jnrk ckjstruì aiuyk fk ïstk ` tr`vïs fk uj` `bkrtur` kj ki eukiil utkrojl, y `b`jflj` ki
eukrpl ` tr`vïs fk i` v`noj`.
 I` e`jtof`f fk s`jnrk quk sk pokrfk kstà kj tlrjl ` ils 5; ci, pkrl ks jlrcì quk v`y` fk kjtrk 08 d`st`
48 ci.
 Il càs elcýj ks quk ils pkrolfls ckjstruìks furkj fk trks ` eojel fã`s, ùjquk ì onuì quk ki eoeil
ckjstruì elcpiktl y ki vliuckj fk s`jnrk, t`cboïj kst` eoar` pukfk v`ro`r ionkr`ckjtk fkpkjfokjfl fk
e`f` cumkr, y pukfk lseoi`r kjtrk fls y soktk fã`s.
54

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.28 (Ckjstruèoõj)
Xrklvuièoõj=
I` prklvuièoõj l a`sk alioeui`r ks

ks i` a`sk quk sk prlfuek tr`s i` ckjstruèoõj y, elcl ojfoe` su jlcbrk,
`jtks fk i` lvuièoõj. Kj kii`, ki lv`rol prlfuek uj`s
uj`s dlrclj`s ii`c`f`s kstrõnkjls (kstr`foli), quk sk
kje`rn`j fk dèkr quk ujl fk ils õvuils quk sk kjeukjtr`j kj su ojtkrolr c`furk. Jlrcìckjtk sk f` kjtrk
ils fã`s 1 y 05 fki eoeil, ùjquk pukfkj v`ro`r ojeiusl kj i` cosc` cumkr, fkbofl ` uj` nr`j v`rokf`f fk
aètlrks quk v`j fksfk i` pïrfof`
p ïrfof` fk pksl ì kstrïs kcleoljì, ` kjakrckf`fks, ì kxeksl fk kmkreoeol l ojeiusl
i` fokt`.
AON.20 (A`sk alioeui`r)

5?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Lvuièoõj=
Fur`jtk kst` a`sk, ki õvuil elcpikt` ki prleksl fk

c`furèoõj y ks tr`si`f`fl fksfk ki lv`rol kj ki quk
kst`b` ìlm`fl d`st` ki ýtkrl, ` tr`vïs fk uj` fk
i`s trlcp`s fk Aìlpol. Ils jovkiks dlrcljìks
ùckjt`j y `yuf`j ` prkp`r`r ki rkeubrocokjtl fki ýtkrl
p`r` ki kcb`r`zl7 plr kstk cltovl i` c`ylr prlb`boiof`f
fk kcb`r`zl fk uj` cumkr ks fur`jtk
f ur`jtk ils trks fã`s `jtks
fk i` lvuièoõj l kj ki coscl fã` fk i` lvuièoõj.
Ks prleksl leurrk 06 fã`s `jtks fk i` ckjstruèoõj
sonuokjtk.
AON.22 (Lvuièoõj)
Xlstlvuièoõj=
Kj e`sl fk quk i` akeujfèoõj fki õvuil jl sk d`y` prlfueofl, foedl õvuil è`b` ojvliueolj`jfl y ks
kxpuis`fl kj i` prõxoc` ckjstruèoõj. Vr`s i` plstlvuièoõj l A@UK IÝVK@ kcpokz` uj jukvl eoeil
ckjstruì.
AON. 25 (A`sk iýtk`)
68

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Furèoõj fki eoeil ckjstruì

Ki eoeil ckjstruì prlckfol tokjk uj` furèoõj fk 24
fã`s, ùjquk pukfk skr ìnl càs elrtl l ìnl càs i`rnl,
iikn`jfl ` v`ro`r fk 20 ` 5; fã`s, fkpkjfokjfl fk e`f`
pkrslj` y fk su eukrpl.
Ki pkrãlfl kj ki quk i` cumkr ks càs aïrtoi y, plr t`jtl, i`
prlb`boiof`f fk quk sus õvuils sk`j akeujf`fls y sk
qukfk kcb`r`z`f`,
` i` lvuièoõj, ks c`ylr
kstk fã`, y ujl lfur`jtk v`rols
fl s fã`s
fls fã`s prkvols
fkspuïs. Kj
kstls fã`s aïrtoiks sukikj
eoeils jlrcìks, kstls
elrrkspljfkrsk elj i` sknujf` skc`j` y ki elcokjzl
fk i` tkrekr`.
AON.26
Eu`jfl elj i` kf`f ils eoeils ckjstruìks jl sk suekfkj y i` cumkr fkm` fk ckjstru`r tokjk iun`r i`
ckjlpùso`, su ýitocl s`jnr`fl. @ujquk i` kf`f ` i` quk sk prlfuek ks foakrkjtk kj e`f` cumkr, t`jtl plr
nkjïtoe` elcl plr aètlrks `cbokjtìks, plr il nkjkrì tokjk iun`r kjtrk ils 6; y ils ;; `ðls.
Ils tr`stlrjls `sleo`fls ` ils eoeils ckjstruìks slj elcujks. I`s cumkrks pukfkj tkjkr fostojtls prlbikc`s,
fksfk flilr (fosckjlrrk`, ` ckjufl èlcp`ð`f` fk eõioels aukrtks) d`st` s`jnr`fl `bujf`jtk l `jlrcì y
pkrolfls ùskjtks (`ckjlrrk`).
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
6.2.-AKE[JF@EOÕJ
Kstk prleksl, quk ojvliuer` i` ausoõj fk ils

n`cktls c`seuiojl y akckjojl quk
rksuit`rà kj uj` eïiui`
eïiui` ýjoe`
ýjoe` quk sk
eljvkrtorà kj ki kcbroõj,
kcbroõj, leurrk
nkjkrìckjtk kj i` rknoõj `cpui`r l
`cplii` fk i` trlcp` (tkreol kxtkrjl fk i`
trlcp`). Ils kspkrc`tlzlofks y ki lvleotl
skeujf`rol pkrc`jkekj vo`biks kj ki trètl
nkjotì akckjojl fur`jtk 26 dlr`s.
AON.2; (Vr`jsplrtk lvui`r)
Uo i` akeujfèoõj sk d` rkìoz`fl, kcpokz` i` prlfueeoõj fk i`

(dlrclj` DNE3nlj`fltrlaoj`
dlrclj` fki kcb`r`zl (dlrclj`
elroõjoe`)).
I` dlrclj` DNE pkrcotk c`jtkjkr i` prlfueeoõj fk ltr`s

dlrclj`s y `sã c`jtkjkr ojtètl ì kjflcktrol p`r` quk ki auturl
kcbroõj pukf` ocpi`jt`rsk.
AON.21 (Akeujfèoõj)
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6.5.-Ocpi`jtèoõj=
Uk fkaojk elcl ki prleksl ` tr`vïs fki euì ki kcbroõj sk `jei` kj ki kjflcktrol, elj i` aojìof`f fk alrc`r i`
pièkjt`. Kstk cke`joscl c`re` uj p`sl `fki`jtk kj i` kvliueoõj plrquk pkrcotk f`r sustkjtl, jutroeoõj y
prltkeeoõj ì kcbroõj fur`jtk
i` nkstèoõj. Ki õvuil
akeujf`fl plr ki
kspkrc`tlzlofk alrc`
ki eonltl quk sk fovoforà
eljvortoïjflsk kj i` cõrui` y
fkspuïs kj
ki bi`stleostl l biàstui` quk
sk `fdkrorà ` i` p`rkf
fki ýtkrl.
Ki bi`stleostl sk kjeukjtr`
fovofofl kj fls nrupls fk
eïiui`s7 ujl, càs kxtkrjl, y
ltrl càs ojtkrjl. Ki nrupl
ojtkrjl, sk eljvkrtorà kj
ki kcbroõj, y ki kxtkrolr, kj
i` ckcbr`j` quk il
prltknkrà y jutrorà fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl. AON.2> (Ocpi`jtèoõj)
(Ocpi`jtèoõj)
I` ocpi`jtèoõj l `fdkrkjeo` ì ýtkrl pkrcotk quk ki aktl rkeob` lxãnkjl y jutrokjtks fk i` c`frk ‖` tr`vïs
fk i` s`jnrk‖ p`r` su fks`rrliil y erkeocokjtl. Ki kcbroõj `fdkrofl ` i` p`rkf fki ýtkrl elcokjz` `
fks`rrlii`rsk, p`r` il euì kcotk uj`s prliljnèoljks `rblrksekjtks dèo` i` cuels` utkroj` quk ik pkrcotk
`fdkrorsk ì ýtkrl y `sã kxtr`kr ils jutrokjtks jkeks`rols fk i` c`frk.
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Ki prleksl fksfk i` akeujfèoõj d`st` i` aojìozèoõj fk i` ocpi`jtèoõj ks ki sonuokjtk=

sonuokjtk=0
 Kt`p` 0 - Fã` 0 - Akeujfèoõj y alrcèoõj fki eonltl (uj` eïiui`)

Kt`p` 0
 Kt`p` 2 - Fã`s 2 y 5 - Uknckjtèoõj fk 2 ` 52 eïiui`s (cõrui`)
 Kt`p` 5 - Fã`s 6 y ; - Bi`stleostl iobrk (alrcèoõj fk uj` e`vof`f kj i` cõrui`)
 Kt`p` 6 - Fã`s ; y 1 - Bi`stleostl ujofl ` i` p`rkf plstkrolr fki ýtkrl
 Kt`p` ; - Fã`s > y 4 - Bi`stleostl ocpi`jt`fl supkraoeoìckjtk
supkraoeoìckjtk kj ki kjflcktrol
 Kt`p` 1 - Fã`s ? ì 05 - E`cbols clraliõnoels kj ki bi`stleostl.
 Kt`p` > - Fã` 06 - Aojìozèoõj fk i` ocpi`jtèoõj - ojv`soõj fki kjflcktrol plr ki bi`stleostl.
6.6.- Eljekptl fk kcb`r`zl y nkstèoõj=

Uk eljlek elcl kcb`r`zl ì pkrãlfl fk tokcpl elcprkjfofl quk v`, fksfk i` akeujfèoõj fki õvuil plr ki
kspkrc`tlzlofk, d`st` ki clckjtl fki p`rtl. Kj kstk sk ojeiuykj ils prleksls aãsoels fk erkeocokjtl y
fks`rrliil fki aktl kj ki ýtkrl fk i` c`frk y t`cboïj ils ocplrt`jtks e`cbols quk kxpkrockjt` kst` ýitoc`, quk
`fkcàs fk aãsoels slj clraliõnoels y ckt`bõioels.
Ki kcb`r`zl duc`jl fur` uj tltì fk 248 fã`s, 68 skc`j`s, kquovìkjtk ` ? cksks eìkjf`rol .
Ki XROCKR VROCKUVRK fk kcb`r`zl
rksuit` skr ki càs roksnlsl plr i`
plsoboiof`f fk pïrfof` fki coscl (`blrtl
kspljtàjkl).
Kj t`jtl, uj` vkz y` kj ki VKREKR
VROCKUVRK elcokjz` ki pujtl fk
vo`boiof`f
bkbï y` ksfkie`p`z
aktl, fk
kstl sonjoaoe` quk ki
slbrkvovor
kxtrùtkroj`ckjtk soj jkeksof`f fk
slplrtk cïfoel.
AON.24 (Kcb`r`zl)
Uo bokj ils ckfols tïejoels fospljobiks foaokrkj aujeoõj fk ils rkeursls y fk aètlrks sleoìks, sk kstoc` quk
uj aktl fk 26 ` 21 skc`j`s kst`rã` kj eljfoeoljks fk slbrkvovor elj ils euof`fls cïfoels `prlpo`fls. Kstls
joðls sk fkjlcoj`j prkc`turls kxtrkcls. Kj e`cbol, ils prkc`turls elj ìnl càs fk kf`f nkstèoljì (58 l
càs skc`j`s) plfrã`j slbrkvovor elj ckjlr jovki fk elcpikmof`f `sostkjeoì, sokcprk y eu`jfl ils puicljks
d`y`j ìe`jz`fl i` c`furkz jkeks`ro`.
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6.;.- Vkst y ekrtkz` fk kcb`r`zl=
Kj ils prockrls fã`s fki kcb`r`zl y` kxostkj ujls sãjtlc`s y sonjls quk ojfoe`j ki kst`fl fk bukj` kspkr`jz`
fk i` cumkr. Uoj kcb`rnl, kst`s skðìks pukfkj kst`r ìkrt`jfl fk bukj jýckrl fk kjakrckf`fks foakrkjtks.
Uknýj ki nr`fl fk sknurof`f fk ils sãjtlc`s fk kcb`r`zl, plfkcls fovoforils kj trks nrupls plr kstk
lrfkj=
lrfkj=
 Uonjls fk ULUXKED@ fk kcb`r`zl
 Uonjls XRLB@BIKU fk kcb`r`zl
 Uonjls fk EKRVK]@ fk kcb`r`zl
Uonjls fk slspked` fk kcb`r`zl=

Ils sonjls fk prksujeoõj fk kcb`r`zl slj i`s prockr`s slspked`s y ìkrt`j ` i` cumkr fk quk pukfk kst`r
ojoeo`jfl uj kcb`r`zl. Uk tr`t` fk e`cbols aãsoels cuy elcujks kj tlf`s i`s pkrslj`s y ` vkeks ki
kcb`r`zl jl ks jo soquokr` i` eùs` càs prlb`bik.
@ckjlrrk`
Ks i` ùskjeo` fk rkni` y sukik eljstotuor ki prockr
p rockr sãjtlc` fki kcb`r`zl.
Jàusk`s y võcotls
I`s jàusk`s y võcotls `p`rkekj fã`s fkspuïs fk i` ocpi`jtèoõj fki lvleotl kj ki ýtkrl , fkbofl ` i`
ìtkrèoõj dlrcljì quk prlvle` ïstk. X`r` ìovo`r kstls sãjtlc`s ks ckmlr elckr plel y ` ckjufl, fk c`jkr`
quk ki kstõc`nl kstï sokcprk leup`fl, pkrl juje` s`tur`fl.
Flilr prkckjstruì
Ks arkeukjtk quk i`s cumkrks rkeoïj kcb`r`z`f`s tkjn`j sãjtlc`s p`rkeofls ` i` ckjstruèoõj. Ki càs
tãpoel ks uj flilr socoi`r ì prkckjstruì, ks fkeor, ileìoz`fl kj i` p`rtk b`m` fki `bflckj. Leurrk jlrcìckjtk
fur`jtk i`s prockr`s skc`j`s fk kcb`r`zl, ojeiusl `jtks fk quk i` c`frk eljlze` su kst`fl, plr il quk il
ojtkrprkt` elcl quk i` ckjstruèoõj kstà plr iikn`r.
@uckjtl fk i`s n`j`s fk lroj`r (pli`quouro`)

Kj i`s prockr`s skc`j`s fk kcb`r`zl, ki ýtkrl elcokjz` ` erkekr, rkfljfkàjflsk. Fk kst` alrc`, ki ýtkrl
elcprock i` vkmon` k ocpofk quk pukf` iikj`rsk elcpikt`ckjtk fk lroj`7 ks ltrl sonjl fk kcb`r`zl. X`s`f`s
i`s prockr`s skc`j`s, ki ýtkrl erkek dèo` `rrob`, leup`jfl ki rkstl fk i` pkivos y iobkr
iobkr`jfl
`jfl i` vkmon`. Fur`jtk
arkeukjeo`.
ils ýitocls cksks fk kcb`r`zl i`s n`j`s fk lroj`r vlivkràj elj càs arkeukjeo`.
E`js`jeol y sukðl
Xukfkj skr ujls fk ils prockrls sonjls fk kcb`r`zl fk i` c`frk. Kj i`s prockr`s skc`j`s fk kcb`r`zl,
pukfk skjtorsk cuy e`js`f` y elj n`j`s fk flrcor ` il i`rnl fki fã`. Kstk kst`fl sukik rkcotor ` i`s ple`s
6;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
skc`j`s pkrl ` vkeks pkrsostk uj` skjsèoõj eljtoju` fur`jtk tlfl ki kcb`r`zl7 kj kstk e`sl ki cïfoel fkbk
fkse`rt`r i` kxostkjeo` fk uj` `jkco` l fk dopkrslcjo` (sukðl l slcjlikjeo` kxeksov` kj dlr`s fourj`s).
E`cbol fk nustls
Ils e`cbols dlrcljìks quk surnkj kj ki eukrpl fk i` cumkr kcb`r`z`f` pukfkj ìtkr`r i`s pkrekpeoljks
fki nustl y lia`tl. Ks jlrcì quk i` cumkr kcb`r`z`f` sk `jtlmk fk eokrtls ìockjtls quk d`botuìckjtk
jl elck l, plr ki eljtr`rol, rkedèk ltrls, y` quk i` pkrekpeoõj ` ils coscls ks càs ojtkjs`. Il ckmlr ks quk
i` cumkr s`tosa`n` sus nustls soj `b`jflj`r uj` fokt` kquoiobr`f` kj i` nkstèoõj .
C`rkls y fksc`yls
Ils e`cbols dlrcljìks fki kcb`r`zl prlfuekj quk ils õrn`jls fk jukstrl eukrpl sk ìtkrkj, kjtrk kiils ki
elr`zõj y ki ekrkbrl, quk slj ils projeopìks rkspljs`biks fk ils c`rkls y fksc`yls. Ils kstrõnkjls y
prlnkstkrlj` dèkj quk ki aiuml fk s`jnrk sk` càs ikjtl y ùckjtk dèo` ki ýtkrl elj il quk ks càs aàeoi quk
sk prlfuze`j sãjelpks, ks fkeor, quk jl iiknuk suaoeokjtk s`jnrk ì ekrkbrl fur`jtk ujls ojst`jtks y i` c`frk
sk sokjt` c`rk`f` l eòn` ì sukil. I` c`frk sukik rkeupkr`rsk ràpof`ckjtk y soj c`ylrks elcpioeèoljks.
Uonjls prlb`biks fk kcb`r`zl=
@uckjtl fki vliuckj fki `bflckj=

Ki `nr`jf`cokjtl fki vokjtrk fk i` cumkr pukfk skr uj sonjl prlb`bik fk kcb`r`zl, pkrl jl sokcprk ks `sã= ks
plsobik quk sk tr`tk fk uj kcb`r`zl ketõpoel (õvuil ocpi`jt`fl aukr` fki ýtkrl). @fkcàs, kj cumkrks lbks`s,
quk ki `bflckj ùckjtk fk t`c`ðl pukfk p`s`r fks`pkreobofl.
AON.2? (E`cbols utkrojls fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl)
Ýtkrl= e`cbols fk alrc`, t`c`ðl y eljsostkjeo`=

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Kj uj` rkvosoõj nojkeliõnoe` sk pukfkj lbskrv`r forket`ckjtk ìnujls e`cbols nkjotìks fk i` cumkr
kcb`r`z`f`. I`s eùs`s sk fkbkj ` ils e`cbols dlrcljìks fki kcb`r`zl y jojnujl fk kiils foaoeuit` i`s
rkièoljks skxuìks.
Ki eukiil fki ýtkrl kst`rà rkbi`jfkeofl y sk cukvk aàeoickjtk. @fkcàs, i`s p`rkfks fk i` v`noj` slj càs
kiàstoe`s y tokjkj uj` elilrèoõj càs ojtkjs`.
I` prlpo` cumkr plfrà lbskrv`r quk i` poki fk i` vuiv` tokjk uj` elilrèoõj càs `zui`f`. Ils e`cbols nkjotìks
kj i`s prockr`s kt`p`s fki kcb`r`zl kcpokz`j ` skr kvofkjtks.
C`c`s= @uckjtl fk t`c`ðl

I`s c`c`s kstàj eljnkstolj`f`s y kj tkjsoõj. Xukfkj
Xukfkj kst`r dopkrskjsoboioz`f`s, ojeiusl pukfk flikr ì tètl.
AON.58 (E`cbols kj t`c`ðl, elilrèoõj y skjsoboiof`f c`c`ro` fur`jtk

fur `jtk ki kcb`r`zl )
Dojed`zõj y càs skjsoboiof`f c`c`ro`

Ïstk pukfk skr ujl fk ils prockrls sonjls fk kcb`r`zl kj cued`s cumkrks. Uk pukfk jlt`r nr`j skjsoboiof`f,
elsquoiikls k ojeiusl e`cbols fk tkcpkr`tur` kj i` zlj`. Ki ùckjtl fk t`c`ðl ks fkbofl ì ìuvoõj fk
dlrclj`s akckjoj`s y ` i` èucuièoõj fk nr`s`
nr `s` quk sk prlfuek fur`jtk i`s prockr`s skc`j`s fk kcb`r`zl.
E`cbol fk elilrèoõj, poe`zõj y kstrã`s
I` poki fki pkzõj y fk i` `rkli` sk lseurkek y su pkraoi sk dèk càs slbrksìokjtk. [j`s pkqukð`s niàjfui`s
quk d`y ìrkfkflr fk i`s `rkli`s sknrkn`j uj` sust`jeo` nr`s` p`r` quk ki pkzõj jl sk skquk y rksqukbr`mk,
y pukf` fkskcpkð`r su aujeoõj ìockjtoeo`. Ki erkeocokjtl fk i`s c`c`s dèk quk i`s kstrã`s y i` poe`zõj fk
i` poki sk`j d`botuìks. V`cboïj sk jlt`j càs vkj`s `zui`f`s kj ki pkedl (rkf fk Dìikr), f`fl quk sk jkeksot`
uj c`ylr `plrtk fk s`jnrk.
Ukerkeoljks fk eìlstrl
@ p`rtor fk i` skc`j` 02 õ i` skc`j` 06 fk kcb`r`zl ks plsobik quk i` cumkr kxpkrockjtk skerkeoljks
c`c`ro`s7 kstk iãquofl (càs kspksl y `c`roiil ì projeopol fki kcb`r`zl) ks ki eìlstrl, i` sust`jeo`
quk ìockjt`rà ì bkbï ils prockrls fã`s fkspuïs fki p`rtl y quk prkekfk ` i` subof` fk i` ikedk. Ki eìlstrl
sk tlrj`rà càs ionkrl y e`so tr`jsp`rkjtk kj ki clckjtl fki ìucbr`cokjtl .
6>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Uãjtlc`s fk ekrtkz` fki kcb`r`zl=

¼Euàiks slj ils sãjtlc`s y sonjls fk ekrtkz` fki kcb`r`zl<
 @useuitèoõj fk I`tofl aktì (kstktlselpol fk Xoj`rf, uitr`sljofl, Keltlclnràã` lbstïtroe`)= X`r`

elcprlb`r ki i`tofl aktì, sk sukik kspkr`r d`st` i` skxt` u let`v` skc`j` fk kcb`r`zl, quk ks
eu`jfl sk pukfk vkroaoe`r elrrket`ckjtk.
AON.50 (@useuitèoõj i`tofls e`rfoèls aktìks)

Lbskrvèoõj fk pìpèoõj fk clvocokjtls aktìks plr ki kx`coj`flr.
 @prkeoèoõj fk p`rtks aktìks ` tr`vïs fk i` uitr`sljlnràã`. (Keltlclnràã` lbstïtroe`)
AON.52 (Oc`nkj aktì kelnràaoe`)
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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Vkst fk kcb`r`zl plsotovl, t`jtl fk s`jnrk (sub-ujof`f bkt`), elcl fk lroj`= Eu`jfl sk ocpi`jt` ki
õvuil akeujf`fl kj i` p`rkf fki ýtkrl, sus eïiui`s elcokjz`j ` sknrkn`r uj` sust`jeo` ii`c`f`
nlj`fltrlpoj` elroõjoe` duc`j` (DEN). Kst` sust`jeo` pukfk fktket`rsk kj s`jnrk y kj lroj`.
AON. 55 (Vkst fk kcb`r`zl)
6.1.- Uonjls y sãjtlc`s fki kcb`r`zl

k cb`r`zl aosoliõnoel.
Fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl sk prlfuekj uj` skrok fk e`cbols aãsoels quk kstàj rkièolj`fls elj ki fks`rrliil y
erkeocokjtl aktì, y i` prkp`rèoõj p`r` ki p`rtl y i` ièt`jeo`. @inujls fk kstls e`cbols l `f`ptèoljks fki
eukrpl ` i` jukv` sotuèoõj pukfkj prlfueor cliksto`s càs l ckjls ocplrt`jtks, elcl plr kmkcpil ì clckjtl
fk skjt`rsk ì vli`jtk fk uj ùtlcõvoi. Ks ocplrt`jtk kxpioe`r ` i` cumkr euàiks slj i`s clfoaoeèoljks càs
arkeukjtks kj kst` kt`p` y eõcl y plr quï sk prlfuekj, p`r` quk jl sk`j eùs` fk jojnýj topl fk pprkleupèoõj
rkleupèoõj
fur`jtk i` eljfueeoõj.
Ils projeopìks e`cbols quk sk v`j ` prlfueor slj=
0. E@CBOLU KJ KI ÝVKRL Fur`jtk i` nkstèoõj ki ýtkrl

kxpkrockjt` uj` skrok fk e`cbols p`r`
eucpior fls aujeoljks projeopìks=
 @ibkrn`r ì aktl, i` pièkjt` y i`
blis` fk iãquofl `cjoõtoel.
 Eljvkrtorsk kj uj pltkjtk õrn`jl
quk sk eljtr`k y quk ks e`p`z fk
nkjkr`r i` aukrz` jkeks`ro` p`r`
ilnr`r i` kxpuisoõj fki joðl/` kj ki
AON.56 (E`cbols y erkeocokjtl fki ýtkrl kj ki kcb`r`zl) clckjtl fki p`rtl.
6?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Ki erkeocokjtl fki ýtkrl sk fkbk ` i`
kstocuièoõj dlrcljì (kstrõnkjls y
prlnkstkrlj`), y ` i` fostkjsoõj
ckeàjoe` ì `f`pt`rsk ì erkeocokjtl
prlnrksovl fki aktl, i` pièkjt` y blis`
fk iãquofl `cjoõtoel.
Xks` kj eljfoeoljks jlrcìks
`prlxoc`f`ckjtk 088 nr`cls y tokjk
uj` e`pèof`f fk 08 ci7 ` ils ? cksks
pukfk iikn`r ` pks`r 0.888 nr`cls y
tkjkr uj` e`pèof`f fk ;.888 ci.
2. E@CBOLU KJ I@U C@C@U Fksfk i` a`sk càs prkelz fk i`
nkstèoõj y elcl eljskeukjeo` fk ils
e`cbols dlrcljìks sk pukfk jlt`r uj
ùckjtl fk skjsoboiof`f, cliksto`s,
tkjsoõj y dlrconukls kj ils pkedls. @
p`rtor fki sknujfl cks fk kcb`r`zl
i`s c`c`s ùckjt`j fk t`c`ðl.
Dèo` ki 5¸ cks sk lseurkekj ils
pkzljks y `rkli`s.
AON. 5; (Niàjfui`s c`c`ro`s)
5. XKUL Ki pksl fk i` kcb`r`z`f` ùckjt`rà

fk alrc` nr`fuì ` il i`rnl fk kstls ?
cksks fk 4 ` 02 gn.
Kj ki prockr trockstrk fkbk fk n`j`r uj
goil, kj ki sknujfl trockstrk 6 gn y kj
ki tkrekr trockstrk ìrkfkflr fk 6 gn.
;8

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.51 (@uckjtl fk pksl kj ki kcb`r`zl)

6. E@CBOLU U@JN[ÃJKLU Kj i` s`jnrk t`cboïj sk prlfuekj
e`cbols7 ki càs ocplrt`jtk ks quk v` `
kxostor uj` `jkco` aosoliõnoe` fki
kcb`r`zl quk pukfk eùs`r sãjelpks
y c`rkls.
AON.5> (Uãjtlc`s fk `jkco` kj ki kcb`r`zl)

;. UOUVKC@ E@RFOLQ@UE[I@R Ki elr`zõj ùckjt` su arkeukjeo`
AON.54 (Iksoljks v`seui`rks fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl) e`rfãè` y foscojuyk i` tkjsoõj `rtkroì.
I` eoreuièoõj s`jnuãjk` ks càs ikjt`
(slbrk tlfl kj i`s pokrj`s) fkbofl ì
pksl fki ýtkrl quk foaoeuit` ki rktlrjl
vkjlsl.
Fk `dã i` `p`roeoõj fk v`roeks kj
pokrj`s y vuiv` y ki kfkc` kj ils poks
ì kst`r cuedl tokcpl kj pok.
Vlfl kstl eljtrobuyk t`cboïj ` i`
plsobik `p`roeoõj fk trlcblsos vkjls`
prlaujf` kj i` kcb`r`z`f`.
;0

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
1. @X@R@VL RKUXOR@VLROL Fkbofl ì ùckjtl fki t`c`ðl fki

ýtkrl y i` leupèoõj plr ïi fk p`rtk fki
tõr`x, v`j ` ojerkckjt`rsk ki jýckrl
fk rksporèoljks plr cojutl, k ojeiusl
pukfk pkreoborsk uj` foaoeuit`f
rkspor`tlro` càs l ckjls èus`f`.
AON.5? (Kaketls fki kcb`r`zl kj ki puicõj y `j`tlcã`
puiclj`r)
>. @X@R@VL [ROJ@ROL Eùs`fl t`cboïj plr ki ùckjtl fki

ýtkrl (quk elcprock i` vkmon`) y ` uj
uj
ùckjtl fk i` prlfueeoõj fk lroj`, i`
kcb`r`z`f` v` ` lroj`r elj càs
arkeukjeo`.
AON.68 (E`cbols `p`r`tl uroj`rol fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl)
4. @X@R@VL FONKUVOQL Kj i`s prockr`s skc`j`s sk v`j `

prlfueor e`cbols kj ki `pktotl, quk
pukfk ùckjt`r l foscojuor, `fkcàs
fk e`cbols kj i`s `pktkjeo`s fk ils
ìockjtls.
;2

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Q`j ` `p`rkekr jàusk`s y võcotls

c`tutojls fkbofl ` i` dlrclj`
nlj`fltrlpoj` elroõjoe` duc`j`
(DEN).
Kj i`s ýitoc`s skc`j`s `p`rkek i`
porlsos eljleof` elcl `rflrks,
eljskeukjeo` forket` fki e`cbol fk
plsoeoõj fki kstõc`nl plr ki
erkeocokjtl fki ýtkrl.
I`s kjeã`s pukfkj s`jnr`r elj
aèoiof`f y prlvle`r nojnovotos.
V`cboïj ks cuy arkeukjtk ki
kstrkðocokjtl plr i` foscojueoõj

cltoiof`f fki ojtkstojl fk fk
plr i` èeoõj i`
AON.60 (E`cbols kj i` plsoeoõj fki sostkc` fonkstovl
i` dlrclj` prlnkstkrlj`, i`
plr erkeocokjtl fki ýtkrl)
elcprksoõj fki ojtkstojl slbrk ki ýtkrl
y i` aìt` fk kmkreoeol.
Kj ki `jl pukfkj `p`rkekr
dkclrrlofks slbrk tlfl ` aojì fki
kcb`r`zl elcl eljskeukjeo` fki
kstrkðocokjtl, foaoeuit`f fki rktlrjl
vkjlsl y i` elcprksoõj utkroj`.
?. UOUVKC@ C[UE[ILKUP[KIÏVOEL Il càs e`rètkrãstoel ks i` ilrflsos
il rflsos
prlnrksov`, sk tr`t` fk uj cke`joscl
elcpkjs`flr fki ùckjtl fk pksl kj
i` p`rtk `jtkrolr fki eukrpl, ks fkeor, sk
`rquk` i` eliucj`, kstls
k stls e`cbols
pukfkj prlfueor flilrks fk kspìf`
slbrk tlfl ì aojì fki kcb`r`zl y uj`
alrc` fk `jf`r e`rètkrãstoe` ii`c`f`
’c`red` fk p`tl–.
AON.62 (Ilrflsos prlnrksov` fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl)
;5

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
08. XOKI Dopkrponckjtèoõj (nkjkrì l

rkstrojnofl ` eokrt`s àrk`s), plr ùckjtl
fk cki`joj`. Uk èkjtý` kj cumkrks
clrkj`s y sk `trobuyk ` kstrõnkjls y
nkstànkjls.
Dèo` ki 5½ cks sk lseurkekj ils
pkzljks, `rkli`s, vuiv` y iãjk` ckfo`
`bflcojì (iãjk` p`rf`).
Dèo` ki ;½ cks sk `cpiã` ki elilr fk i`
`rkli` (`rkli` skeujf`ro`).
AON.65 (Dopkrponckjtèoõj fk i` poki fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl)

00. @X@R@VL RKXRLF[EVLR @ i`s 02 skc`j`s, ýtkrl pokrfk
uboeèoõj ojtr`pïivoe`.
Eukiil utkrojl sk rkbi`jfkek fksfk ki
ojoeol fk i` nkstèoõj
v`seui`rozèoõj, plr ùckjtl
kfkc`, fk i`k
dopkrpi`so`
dopkrtrlao` fki tkmofl ekrvoeì.
Dopkrtrlao` utkroj` quk ks kstocui`f` plr
èeoõj fk kstrõnkjls y prlnkstkrlj`.
I` v`noj` sk tlrj` fk elilr voliàekl
(sonjl fk Ed`fwoeg) ` eùs` fk i`
dopkrkco`.
AON.66 (Dopkrtrlao` utkroj` fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl)
;6

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
02.-UOUVKC@ KJFLEROJL @ i`s 1 ` > skc`j`s, ils jovkiks fk

prlnkstkrlj` slj càxocls, iikn`jfl `
uj pi`tkù ` i` 4½ skc`j` quk sk
c`jtokjk d`st` i`s ? ` 08 skc`j`s.
Dèo` ki 2¸ trockstrk= @uckjtl
prlnrksovl fk @EVD c`tkrj` fkbofl `
i` skerkeoõj pièkjt`ro`.
Kj ki 5¸ trockstrk i` eljekjtrèoõj fk
prliètoj` pi`scàtoe` ìe`jz` vìlrks 08
` 28 vkeks c`ylr quk kj i` jl
kcb`r`z`f`.
Foscojuykj jlt`bikckjtk i`s
eljekjtrèoljks fk eìeol tltì pkrl
ùckjt`j i`s eljekjtrèoljks fk XVD
elcl cke`joscl elcpkjs`tlrol.
AON.6; (E`cbols kjflerojls fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl)

05.-XKIL _ [Ð@U Ukc`j` 28= Dorsutoscl, càs jlt`bik kj
e`r`, fks`p`rkek plst p`rtl.
@uckjt` fkierkeocokjtl
ùckjtl ckt`bliosclfknkjkrìoz`fl
uð`s plr
y eoreuièoõj pkroaïroe`, lseurkeocokjtl
fki ikedl ujnukì.
@uckjt` skerkeoõj fk niàjfui`s
suflrãp`r`s.
AON.61 (Dorsutoscl fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl)

;;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
6.>.- Eljekptl fk kcb`r`zl p`tliõnoel=
Ki kcb`r`zl p`tliõnoel ks `quki quk vokjk èlcp`ð`fl fk uj topl fk kjakrckf`f prkkxostkjtk l quk sk
fks`rrlii` fur`jtk i` nkstèoõj. V`cboïj pukfk skr prlfueofl plr i` `p`roeoõj fk uj topl fk vorlsos quk àket`
ì aktl. Kstk topl fk p`tlilnã`s fks`rrlii`f`s fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl pukfkj àket`r t`jtl ì aktl elcl ` i` c`frk,
sokjfl nkjkrìckjtk i` c`frk i` eùs`jtk y ki bkbï ki quk i` fkskje`fkj`.
Kst`s p`tlilnã`s pukfkj skr=
 Fo`bktks Nkstèoljì
 Uãjfrlck dopkrtkjsovl fki kcb`r`zl (UDK)
( UDK)
 Xrk- kei`cpso` y Kei`cpso`



Uãjtlc`s
Elikst`so`,fk p`rtl prkc`turl
 VLRED
 OV[
 Rltur` prkc`tur` fk ckcbr`j`s lvui`rks.
;1

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
FO@BKVKU KJ KI KCB@R@]L=
Kxostkj 2 sotuèoljks eiãjoe`s kj i` kcb`r`z`f`=

Fo`bktks prknkstèoljì (FXN)= Ki tïrcojl FXN
sk rkaokrk ` uj` cumkr elj fo`bktks, topl 0 l 2,
quk sk kcb`r`z`, l quk eucpik elj ils erotkrols
fk fo`njõstoel fk fo`bktks fk i` LCU fur`jtk ki
prockr trockstrk fki kcb`r`zl.
Fo`bktks nkstèoljì (FN)= Uk rkaokrk `
euìquokr nr`fl fk ojtlikr`jeo` ` i` niuels` quk
sk c`joaokst` l sk fktket` fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl.
Nioekco` kj `yuj`s kjtrk 088 y 02; cn/fI kj 2
fã`s foakrkjtks y/l f Nioekco` ` i`s 2 dlr`s plst
e`rn` c`ylr l onuì ` 068 cn/fI kj ki 2fl l 5kr
trockstrk fki kcb`r`zl. AON.6> (Fo`bktks kj ki kcb`r`zl)
A@EVLRKU FK ROKUNL FK VKJKR FO@BKVKU NKUV@EOLJ@I

- Vkjkr 5; l càs `ðls.
- Ukr lbks` `jtks fki kcb`r`zl, ks fkeor, tkjkr uj ãjfoek fk c`s` elrplrì (Gn/c2) c`ylr l onuì
` 58.
- D`bkr tkjofl fo`bktks nkstèoljì kj kcb`r`zls prkvols.
- Nkstèoljks cýitopiks= nkckils y troiiozls.
- D`bkr tkjofl uj doml prkvol elj cèrlslcã` (:pkrekjtoi ?8 fk pksl)
- Dostlro` fk a`coio`rks fk prockr nr`fl elj fo`bktks ckiiotus.
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU C@VKRJ@U FK I@ FO@BKVKU NKUV@EOLJ@I

- @uckjt` ki jýckrl fk eksàrk`s.
- Fksn`rrls fki pkrojï kj ki p`rtl plr ils aktls nr`jfks.

- Kxeksl fk iãquofl `cjoõtoel quk pukfk prlvle`r quk sk rlcp` i` blis` `jtks fk tokcpl.
- Dopkrtkjsoõj `rtkroì y prkei`cpso`.
- X`rtl prkc`turl.
- Fo`bktks nkstèoljì kj nkstèoljks plstkrolrks.
- Fo`bktks ckiiotus pkrsostkjtk tr`s ki p`rtl kj uj 0>% fk ils e`sls.
;>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL, DOMLU FK C@FRKU FO@BÏVOE@U NKUV@EOLJ@IKU
AON.64 (Rkeoïj jèofl cèrlsõcoel)
- Cèrlslcã` (pkrekjtoi:?8), il quk puk

pukfk
fk lrono
lronoj`r
j`r `saoxo
`saoxo`` pkr
pkroj`tì
oj`tì y trùc`toscls kj ki p`rtl
elcl p`ràiosos br`quoì l arètur`s fk ei`vãeui`.
- Ojc`furkz
kjakrckf`ffkifkrkeoïj jèofl, doìoj`.
i` ckcbr`j` quk sk c`joaokst` elcl uj` c`ylr prkfosplsoeoõj ` i` oetkroeo` y ` i`
- Doplnioekco` (jovkiks b`mls fk niuels`).
- Dopleìekco` (jovkiks b`mls fk eìeol).
- Xlionilbuio` elj ùckjtl fki dkc`tlerotl y i` voselsof`f s`jnuãjk`.
¼EÕCL UK ELJVRLI@ I@ FO@BKVKU NKUV@EOLJ@I<

ELJVRLI CKV@BÕIOEL ELJVRLI LBUVÏVROEL ELJVRLI XLUVX@RVL
Uk `fcojostr` uj` fokt` Uk rkìoz`j kelnràã`s e`f` Uk rkelcokjf`j rkìoz`r dàbotls
jlrcleìõroe`, sk rkelcokjf` i` eu`trl skc`j`s p`r` fkse`rt`r fk vof` sìuf`biks elj fokt` y
rkìozèoõj fk kmkreoeol fo`rol y sk cèrlslcã` aktì. kmkreoeol.
kjskð` ` eljtrli`r i`s niuekco` Uk fkbk aojìoz`r i` nkstèoõj kj Kstà pkrcotof` i` ièt`jeo`
`jtks y fkspuïs fk i`s elcof`s. i`s cosc`s skc`j`s quk i`s c`tkrj` fo`bïtoe`.
nkst`jtks jlrcìks, pkrl fur`jtk
ki p`rtl fkbk eljtrli`rsk quk ils
jovkiks fk niuels` jl supkrkj ils
>8-008 cn/fi.
;4

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
UÃJFRLCK DOXKRVKJUOQL FKI KCB@R@]L=
I` kjakrckf`f dopkrtkjsov` ks ujù j` fk i`s elcpioeèoljks cïfoe`s càs arkeukjtks fki kcb`r`zl. Uu
prkvìkjeo` v`rã` kjtrk ki > y 08% fk i` plbièoõj nkst`jtk.
AON.6? (Ckfoeoõj fk prksoõj `rtkroì)
Ki sãjfrlck dopkrtkjsovl fki kcb`r`zl (UDK) sk ei`soaoe` kj=

0. Dopkrtkjsoõj ojfueof` plr ki kcb`r`zl=
Xrk-kei`cpso` (XK)= Ks i` dopkrtkjsoõj kspkeãaoe`ckjtk ojfueof` plr ki kcb`r`zl, quk sk e`rètkroz` plr
ùckjtl fk i` prksoõj `rtkroì kj i` sknujf` cot`f fk i` nkstèoõj `sleo`f` ` prltkojuro` (prkskjeo` fk
prltkãj`s kj i` lroj`), y ks e`rètkrãstoe`ckjtk rkvkrsobik kj ki plsp`rtl.
Kei`cpso` (K)= Ks i` alrc` càs skvkr` fk XK, kj i` quk i` c`njotuf fki ìz` tkjsoljì y fki f`ðl kjfltkioì
prlvle` uj` kjekaìlp`tã` dopkrtkjsov` e`p`z fk prlfueor uj eu`frl eljvuisovl y/l elc`.
2. Dopkrtkjsoõj erõjoe`=
Ks i` plsp`rtl
kj ki kikvèoõjìkm`fl.
tkjsoljìXrkflcoj`
fktket`f`kj
`jtks fki kcb`r`zl
cumkrks slbrk ilsl58`jtks fkd`botuìckjtk
`ðls, i`s 28 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj
cuitãp`r`s, elj y`jtkekfkjtks
quk pkrsostk
a`coio`rks fk dopkrtkjsoõj.
5. Dopkrtkjsoõj erõjoe` + Xrkkei`cpso` (XK) slbrk `nrkn`f`
6. Dopkrtkjsoõj nkstèoljì tr`jsotlro` = Elrrkspljfk ì ùckjtl fk i` prksoõj `rtkroì fkspuïs fk i`s 28
skc`j`s . Xukfk prkskjt`rsk kj alrc` aun`z, elcl dopkrtkjsoõj t`rfã` fki kcb`r`zl l fk ils prockrls
fã`s fki pukrpkrol l elcl ìz`s tkjsoljìks ` il i`rnl fki tkrekr trockstrk,
trockstrk, soj prltkojuro`.
;?
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
UÃJVLC@U FK I@ XRKKEI@CXUO@=
 Xrksoõj `rtkroì kikv`f` (2 eoar`s tkjsoljìks : 068 sostõioe` l : ?8 fo`stõioe`, skp`r`f`s plr 1 drs)
 Xrkkei`cpso` clfkr`f`= X/@ ckjlr fk 018/008 ccdn.

Xrkkei`cpso` skvkr`= X/@ c`ylr l onuì ` 018/008 ccdn
 E`jtof`fks ìt`s fk prltkãj` kj i` lroj` (prltkojuro`) c`ylr fk 588 cns kj 26 dlr`s.
KT@CKJ FK XRLVKOJ[RO@= Uk rkìoz` i` rkelikeeoõj fk lroj` fk i` pèokjtk plr 26 dlr`s, iuknl iuk nl sk kxtr`k
uj` cukstr` quk fkbk iikv`r kspkeoaoe`fl i` fourksos fk 26 dlr`s y ki pksl fk i` pèokjtk. Kj i`blr`tlrol
fktket`r i` prkskjeo` l jl fk prltkãj` kj i` lroj`)
 Dojed`zõj fk c`jls, poks y/l e`r` (kfkc`)
AON.;8 (Kfkc` fk kxtrkcof`fks ojakrolrks)
¼P[Ï KCB@R@]@F@U VOKJKJ CÀU ROKUNL FK U[AROR XRKKEI@CXUO@<
 Nkst`jtks juiãp`r`s (kcb`r`z`f`s plr prockr` vkz)
 @jtkekfkjtks fk prkkei`cpso` kj i` a`coio`
 Kf`fks kxtrkc`s= c`ylrks fk 68 `ðls l edoe`s `fliksekjtks. Ltrl nrupl fk roksnl, e`f
e`f`` vkz càs
`bujf`jtk, slj i`s nkstèoljks cýitopiks (nkckils l troiiozls).
 Nkst`jtks elj dopkrtkjsoõj `rtkroì erõjoe`
 Kcb`r`z`f`s elj prlbikc`s rkjìks.
18

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ROKUNLU X@R@ I@ C@FRK _ KI AKVL=
 I` prkkei`cpso` pukfk dèkr quk i` pièkjt` jl lbtkjn` suaoeokjtk s`jnrk fk i` c`frk, elj il quk ì
aktl jl ik iikn`j lxãnkjl y jutrokjtks jkeks`rols p`r` su erkeocokjtl. Kstl pukfk le`solj`r uj rkeoïj
jèofl fk b`ml pksl l uj rkt`rfl fki erkeocokjtl ojtrùtkrojl (REO[).
 Uõil kj ils e`sls fk `p`rkekr eljvuisoljks (kei`cpso`), pukfk pkionr`r i` vof` fk

f k i` c`frk y ki aktl.
¼E[ÀI KU KI VR@V@COKJVL FK I@ XRKKEI@CXUO@<
 Aàrcèls `jtodopkrtkjsovls
 Rkplsl
 Rïnockj doplsõfoel
 Dlspotìoz`r so ks jkeks`rol= Kj kstk e`sl, pèokjtk elj rkplsl `bsliutl, eljtrli arkeukjtk fk prksoõj
`rtkroì, dofr`tèoõj kjflvkjls`, ckfoeoõj kstroet` fk fourksos, eljtrli fk pksl fo`rol.
 Uãjtlc`s nr`vks= c`furèoõj fki puicõj aktì elj elrtoelofks k ojtkrrupeoõj fki kcb`r`zl.
UÃJVLC@U FK X@RVL XRKC@V[RL=

Ks ki prleksl eiãjoel plr ki euì i` nkst`jtk prkskjt` eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s y clfoaoeèoljks
clfoaoeèoljks fki eukiil utkrojl
`jtks fk i`s 5> skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj, il quk plfrã` eljfueor ` uj p`rtl `jtks fk i` c`furkz elcpikt` fki
aktl.
A@EVLRKU XRKFOUXLJKJVKU =
 Kf`f fk i` pèokjtk= ckjls fk 28 `ðls, c`ylr fk 68 `ðls
 Cktrlrr`no` kj ki kcb`r`zl

Vrùc`toscls
 Aìt` fk eljtrli prkj`tì
 B`ml jovki sleolkeljõcoel
 Kcb`r`zl cýitopik
 Cìalrcèoljks eljnïjot`s
10

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Xliodofrl`cjols (kxeksl fk iãquofl `cjoõtoel kj ýtkrl)

 Ojakeeoõj fk i` ckcbr`j` lvui`r
 Colc`s utkrojls.
VR@V@COKJVL FKI UÃJVLC@ FK X@RVL
XRKC@V[RL=
 Rkplsl kj e`c` (fk prkakrkjeo` kj fkeýbotl i`tkrì

ozquokrfl, kstl ckmlr` i` pkrausoõj utkroj`)
 Cljotlrozèoõj aktì= eljtrli fk i`tofls aktìks y
eljtrèeoljks ` tr`vïs fki usl fk cljotlr aktì.
 Dofr`tèoõj kjflvkjls` elj sukrl Rojnkr ièt`tl.
AON.;0 (Dlspotìozèoõj pèokjtk elj

sãjtlc`s fk p`rtl prkc`turl)
 Kxàckjks= dkclnr`c`, prltkãj` e rkètov`, lroj` elcpikt`, urleuitovl. Vlfls p`r` fkse`rt`r prleksl
ojakeeolsl.

[sl fk ckfoe`ckjtls tleliãtoels quk ojdobkj i`s eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s= Xukfkj skr lrìks l
ojyket`biks. Uk pukfk utoioz`r kj i` dlspotìozèoõj ki AKJLVKRLI, foiuofl kj c`tr`z fk sukrl y
`fcojostr`fl plr nltkl eljtrli`fl (foì ` ailw l blcb` fk ojausoõj eljtoju`).
 Ki nltkl fk kstk ckfoe`ckjtl fkbk skr kstroet`ckjtk eljtrli`fl y vonoi`fl y` quk kxostkj kj ki cýseuil
e`rfoèl rkekptlrks bkt` 0 skjsobiks ` kstk ckfoe`ckjtl prlfueokjfl elcl rkspukst` t`quoe`rfo`. Uo
kxostk uj` t`quoe`rfo` supkrolr ` 028 i`tofls plr cojutl sk fkbk foscojuor l suspkjfkr ki nltkl sknýj
elrrkspljf`.
ELIKUV@EO@ OJVR@DKXÀVOE@ FKI KCB@R@]L=

I` elikst`so` ojtr`dkpàtoe` fki kcb`r`zl (EOK) ks uj` p`tlilnã` lbstïtroe` quk sk prkskjt` kj i` sknujf` cot`f
fk i` nkstèoõj, fk prkakrkjeo` kj ki tkrekr trockstrk. Uk e`rètkroz` plr uj prurotl pkrsostkjtk pìc`r y pi`jt`r,
` vkeks nkjkrìoz`fl, fk prkflcojol jleturjl y quk fks`p`rkek kj alrc` kspljtàjk` fkspuïs fki p`rtl. [j
08% fk ils e`sls prkskjt` oetkroeo` (elilrèoõj `c`roii` fk i` poki)
Uu arkeukjeo` kj Edoik y kj ils p`ãsks kse`jfoj`vls v`rã` kjtrk ki 5 y ki 08% fk ils kcb`r`zls. Kj ltrls
p`ãsks, ks uj` p`tlilnã` r`r`ckjtk rkplrt`f`. Uu ktolilnã` l eùs` ks fkseljleof`.
12

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Kj i` p`tlnkjo` fk kst` p`tlilnã` sk lbskrv` quk ki ùckjtl fk àeofls boio`rks kj kst` pèokjtk prlfuek
ùckjtl fk i` eljtrètoiof`f utkroj` ùckjt`jfl ki roksnl fk p`rtl prkc`turl y `saoxo` aktì ojtrùtkroj`.
15

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
C@JKML EIÃJOEL
Uk fkbkj lbskrv`r ils sonuokjtks sonjls kj i`
pèokjtk=
- Xrkskjeo` fk eljtrètoiof`f utkroj`

ùckjt`f`
- Xkrekpeoõj fk clvocokjtls aktìks
- @p`roeoõj fk eliuro` k oetkroeo`
- Kvliueoõj fki prýrotl
AON.;2 (Kvliueoõj fki prurotl kj EOK)
VR@V@COKJVL=
 Cljotlrozèoõj aktì skc`jì fksfk i`s 56 skc`j`s fk kcb`r`zl
 Ojtkrrupeoõj fki kcb`r`zl kjtrk i`s 51 ` 54 skc`j`s fkpkjfokjfl fk i` prkskjeo` l jl

j l fk oetkroeo` kj i`
pèokjtk.
VLRED=
 Ki sãjfrlck fk Vlred ks uj` ojakeeoõj c`tkrj` quk àket` ì aktl kj nkstèoõj.
 Elrrkspljfk ` uj eljmujtl fk sonjls y sãjtlc`s quk prkskjt` ki RJ àket`fl plr i` ojakeeoõj eljnïjot`
yd`j
quk`nrup`fl
ks prlfueof`
kj i` plr
soni`fovkrsls
VLRED.`nkjtks ktoliõnoels t`jtl vorìks elcl p`r`sot`rol
p`r`sot`rolss y coeõtoels quk sk
VLRED elrrkspljfk ` i`s ojoeoìks kj ojniïs fk tlxlpi`sclsos, rubïli`, eotlcknìlvorus, dkrpks socpik y QOD.
@NKJVKU KVOLIÕNOELU
Eotlcknìlvorus, rubïli`, dkrpks socpik, dkp`totos B

QOR[U y E, p`rvlvorus 0?, QOD, Kjtkrlvorus, v`roeki` zlstkr
Vlxlpi`sc` nljfoo
X@RÀUOVLU
Vrop`jlslc` eruzo
Vrkpljkc` pìiofuc, Cyelbètkrouc tubkreuilsos,
LVRLU [rk`pi`sc` urkìytoeuc
urkìytoeuc Coelpi`sc` dlcojos,
kte…
16

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
OJAKEEOÕJ JKLJ@V@I
 Qã` dkc`tõnkj`= Ki coerllrn`joscl ojv`fk ki tlrrkjtk eoreui`tlrol c`tkrjl, `tr`voks` i` pièkjt` y `

tr`vïs fk i` s`jnrk fki elrfõj ucboioeì iikn` ì aktl.
 Qã` e`jì fki p`rtl= Ki coerllrn`joscl ojaket` ki trètl nkjotì fk i` c`frk y fur`jtk ki p`rtl ki rkeoïj
jèofl tlc` eljtètl elj ïi.
 Qã` `sekjfkjtk= Ki coerllrn`joscl ojaket` ki trètl nkjotì c`tkrjl y `seokjfk d`st` i` e`vof`f
ojtrùtkroj` prlvle`jfl elrol`cjoljotos (ojakeeoõj fk i` ckcbr`j` lvui`r), rltur` prkc`tur` fk
ckcbr`j`s k ojaket`jfl ki aktl.
I@U ELJUKE[KJEO@U FKI VLRED KJ KI KCB@R@]L ULJ I@U UON[OKJVKU=
0. Rk`bslreoõj kcbrolj`ro`
2. @blrtl
5. Ojakeeoõj pièkjt`ro` elj ojakeeoõj aktì
6. Rkt`rfl fki erkeocokjtl ojtrùtkrojl elj ojakeeoõj aktì
;. X`rtl prkc`turl elj ojakeeoõj aktì
1. Clrtoj`tl
>. Rkeoïj jèofl ojaket`fl sojtlcàtoel
4. Rkeoïj jèofl ojaket`fl `sojtlcàtoel
VR@V@COKJVL FKI VLRED UKNÝJ KJAKRCKF@F
VLTLXI@UCLUOU=
VLTLXI@UCLUOU= Vr`t`cokjtl `jtoboõtoel
R[BÏLI@= Vr`t`cokjtl pìo`tovl ` ils sãjtlc`s
EOVLCKN@ILQOR[U=
EOVLCKN@ILQOR[U= [sl fk `jtovorìks
DKRXKU UOCXIK= [sl fk `jtovorìks
KJAKRCKF@F FK ED@N@U= Vr`t`cokjtl `jtoboõtoel.
1;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
OV[ (ojakeeoõj fki trètl uroj`rol) KJ KI KCB@R@

KCB@R@]L= ]L=
I` ojakeeoõj fk i`s vã`s uroj`ro`s eljstotuyk uj` fk i`s
ojakeeoljks càs arkeukjtks fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl.
Ils coerllrn`joscls ojvliuer`fls slj projeopìckjtk i`s

kjtkrlbètkro`s, kjtrk kii`s
Ksedkroedo` elio (48%
(48% fk ils e`sls)
Gikbsokii`
Xrltkus cor`boios
Kjtkrlbètkr
Fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl sk prlfuekj clfoaoeèoljks `j`tõcoe`s y

aujeoljìks quk ùckjt`j ki roksnl ` p`fkekr uj` ojakeeoõj
uroj`ro`. Kjtrk kii`s sk fkstè`j= AON. ;5 (Ojakeeoõj fki trètl uroj`rol kj ki
kcb`r`zl)
 I` dofrljkarlsos fki kcb`r`zl.
 Ki ùckjtl fki vliuckj uroj`rol kj ils urïtkrks quk prlfuek uj` eliucj` iãquof` eljtoju` quk `yuf` `
i` prlp`nèoõj fk i` ojakeeoõj fksfk i` vkmon` ì roðõj.
 @uckjtl fki pd fk i` lroj`

lr oj` kspkeoìckjtk plr i` kxerkeoõj ùckjt`f` fk boe`rblj`tl quk a`vlrkek i`
cuitopioeèoõj bètkro`j`.
 @uckjtl fk i` aoitrèoõj nilckrui`r quk fktkrcoj` i` prkskjeo` fk niuels` kj i` lroj` il quk a`vlrkek i`
`p`roeoõj fk ils nïrckjks.
 @uckjtl fki rkaiuml vksoelurktkrì.
 Ckjlr e`pèof`f fk fkakjs` fki kpotkiol fki `p`r`tl

`p`r `tl uroj`rol b`ml.
 Ojerkckjtl fk i` skerkeoõj uroj`ro` fk kstrõnkjls y ki `cbokjtk dopkrtõjoel fk i` cïfui` rkjì.
Ki roksnl ks c`ylr kj i`s kcb`r`z`f`s fk c`ylr kf`f, cuitãp`r`, y fk b`ml jovki sleolkeljõcoel, pkrl slbrk
tlfl kj `qukii`s elj dostlro` prkvo` fk ojakeeoõj uroj`ro`.
Fki 2 ì 08% fk i`s kcb`r`z`f`s soj `jtkekfkjtks, fks`rrlii`j bètkrouro` `sojtlcàtoe` y soj tr`t`cokjtl, ki
58 ì ;8% kvliueolj`ràj ` pokiljkarotos, ïst` plr su p`rtk pukfk `sleo`rsk ` ojsuaoeokjeo` rkjì `nuf`,
skpsos y sdleg sïptoel. @uckjt` ki roksnl fk p`rtl prkc`turl y fk rkeoïj jèofl fk b`ml pksl ì jèkr.
Xlr il kxpukstl `jtkrolrckjtk, i` fktkeeoõj y ki tr`t`cokjtl tkcpr`jl fk i`s OV[ kj i`s kcb`r`z`f`s fkbk skr
uj` prolrof`f.
11

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
XRKUKJV@EOLJ EIÃJOE@ FK I@ KJAKRCKF@F=
Bètkrouro` `sojtlcàtoe` (B@)= Ks i` prkskjeo` fk bètkro`s kj i` lroj`, nkjkrìckjtk c`ylr fk 088.888

[AE/ci fk lroj` kj ùskjeo` fk sãjtlc`s kj ki clckjtl fk tlc`r i` cukstr` p`r` ki euitovl.
Eostotos= Uk e`rètkroz` plr i` prkskjeo` fk fosuro`, pli`quouro`, coeeoõj urnkjtk èlcp`ð`fl fk flilr
supr`pýboel, lroj` cìliokjtk y kj le`soljks dkc`turo`.
Xokiljkarotos `nuf`= Ks uj` ojakeeoõj fk i` vã` kxerktlr` ìt` y fki p`rïjquoc` rkjì fk ujl l `cbls roðljks,
sukik prkskjt`rsk kj ki ýitocl trockstrk y e`so sokcprk skeujf`ro` ` uj` B@ jl fo`njlstoe`f` l jl tr`t`f`
elrrket`ckjtk.
 Ks i` alrc` càs nr`vk fk prkskjtèoõj fk i` ojakeeoõj

oj akeeoõj fki trètl uroj`rol.
 I` eiãjoe` ojeiuyk i` sojtlc`tlilnã` fk i` eostotos càs ìtkrèoõj fki kst`fl nnkjkrì,

kjkrì, aokbrk, sufèoõj,
kseìlarãls y flilr iucb`r ojtkjsl y eljst`jtk.
 @ i` kxpilrèoõj aãsoe`
aãsoe` d`y puðlpkreusoõj iucb`r plsotov`
 Ki 2 - 5% fks`rrlii`rà sdleg sïptoel, elj i` eljsonuokjtk nr`vkf`f p`r` i` c`frk y ki aktl
ELJAORC@EOÕJ FO@NJÕUVOE@
Xrojeopìckjtk sk ojfoe`=
 Kx`ckj fk lroj` elcpikt`
 [rleuitovl
 @jtobolnr`c`, so elrrkspljfk.
VR@V@COKJVL=
Ki tr`t`cokjtl sk rkìoz` elj `jtoboõtoels pkrcotofls kj ki kcb`r`zl plr
cãjocl > fã`s fk tlc`.
Kj ki e`sl fk dlspotìozèoõj plr pokiljkarotos sk `fcojostr`j plr vã`
kjfljkvls`.
AON.;6 (@jtoboõtoel p`r` ki tr`t`cokjtl fk

ojakeeoõj uroj`ro` kj ki kcb`r`zl)
1>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RLV[R@ XRKC@V[R@ FK CKCBR@J@U LQ[I@RKU (RXC)
I` rltur` prkc`tur` fk ckcbr`j`s lvui`rks (RXC) sk fkaojk elcl

i` sliueoõj fk eljtojuof`f kspljtàjk` fk i` ckcbr`j`
elrol`cjoõtoe` `jtks fki ojoeol fki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
I` RXC pukfk leurror kj euìquokr clckjtl fk i` nkstèoõj, pkrl
sk `sleo` ` c`ylr clrboiof`f eu`jfl leurrk kj ki kcb`r`zl fk
prktïrcojl. Kii` rkprkskjt` i` eljfoeoõj `sleo`f` `
`prlxoc`f`ckjtk uj tkreol fk ils p`rtls prkc`turls.
AON.;; (Rltur` fk ckcbr`j`s
lvui`rks)
A@EVLRKU XRKFOUXLJKJVKU=
 @itkrèoõj fk i`s prlpokf`fks aãsoe`s fk i`s ckcbr`j`s. (ki`stoeof`f, nrlslr, kte)

 Elrol`cjoljotos (ojakeeoõj fk i` ckcbr`j` lvui`r)
 Xliodofrl`cjols
 Kcb`r`zl nkcki`r
 Cìalrcèoljks utkroj`s
 Vuclrks utkrojls
 V`b`quoscl.
FO@NJÕUVOEL
Ki fo`njõstoel ks rkìoz`fl i` c`ylrã` fk i`s vkeks plr i` prlpo`

c`frk y ekrtoaoe`fl plr ki cïfoel l c`trlj` ì lbskrv`r ki
kseurrocokjtl fk uj` e`jtof`f v`ro`bik fk iãquofl `cjoõtoel (I@)
plr i` v`noj`. Kj le`soljks ks jkeks`rol rkeurror `
prlekfocokjtls elcpikckjt`rols.
Ki prockrl fk kiils ks i` kspkeuilselpã`, quk pkrcotk `prkeo`r
sìof` fk I@ ` tr`vïs fki lroaoeol kxtkrjl fki eukiil utkrojl kj
alrc` kspljtàjk` l ` tr`vïs fk i` elcprksoõj c`juì fki
`bflckj c`tkrjl quk clvoioz` ki plil aktì pkivo`jl fk clfl fk
aèoiot`r i` sìof` fk iãquofl. AON.;1 (Kspkeuilselpã`)
Eu`jfl ki fo`njõstoel ks kvofkjtk, i` ìtur` utkroj` ks ckjlr quk kj ils eljtrliks prkvols y i`s p`rtks aktìks
sk pìp`j elj aèoiof`f.
14

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Kj uj jýckrl ckjlr fk e`sls fkbkj `nrkn`rsk ` ils pprlekfocokjtls

rlekfocokjtls ckjeolj`fls (`j`cjksos, kx`
kx`ckj
ckj aãsoel
y kspkeuilselpã`) ltrls elcl prukb`s quãcoe`s, coerlseõpoe`s, y uitr`sljlnràã`.
I` elcpioeèoõj càs arkeu arkeukjtk

kjtk fk i` RXC ks= i` ELROL@CJOLJOVOU , quk fkaojk elcl uj` ojakeeoõj
ojtr``cjoõtoe` (OO@) l ojv`soõj coerlbo`j` fk i` e`vof`f `cjoõtoe` elcl i` prkskjeo` fk nïrckjks kj ki I@,
jlrcìckjtk kstïroi.
UÃJVLC@U=
- Aokbrk :54 nr`fls `xoi`r

- V`quoe`rfo` c`tkrj`
- Ikueleotlsos :0;.888/cc5
- V`quoe`rfo` aktì
- Ukjsoboiof`f utkroj`
- I@ puruikjtl l fk cì lilr
C@JKML RLV[R@ XRKC@V[R@ FK CKCBR@J@U

C`jkml ojtr`dlspotì`rol
 Rkplsl kj e`c`.
 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks y lbstïtroel e`f` 1 dlr`s (eljtrli tkcpkr`tur` `xoil-rketì, kj sonjls kvofkjtks
fk ojakeeoõj).
 Vlc` fk Dkclnr`c` y Xrltkãj` e rkètov` skrk`fl.
 Xkraoi bolaãsoel boskc`jì. Aktlcktrã` e`f` 2 skc`j`s
 @põsotl nkjotì kstïroi.
 @skl nkjotì kstïroi.
 Kvot`r tètl v`nojì.
 Euitovls eïrvoel-v`nojìks skc`jìks
ELJF[EV@U @ UKN[OR=
 RXC kj kcb`r`zls fk 56 l càs skc`j`s= Ojtkrrupeoõj fki kcb`r`zl uj` vkz `fquorof` i` c`furkz aktì.
 RXC kj kcb`r`zls fk ckjls fk 56 skc`j`s= eljfuet` kxpket`jtk d`st` ìe`jz`r i` c`furkz aktì k
ojtkrvkjor.
VR@V@COKJVL FK I@ ELROL@CJOLJOVOU=
[j` vkz pi`jtk`fl ki fo`njõstoel fk elrol`cjoljotos, fk èukrfl ` ils erotkrols skðì`fls, ki c`jkml quk
larkek ki ckmlr prljõstoel c`tkrjl y pkroj`tì ks=
1?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
0. Rksliueoõj fki p`rtl kj i`s 1 ` 4 dlr`s sonuokjtks ì fo`njõstoel, fk èukrfl ` eljfoeoljks
lbstïtroe`s (p`rtl vã` v`nojì l eksàrk`).
2. Vr`t`cokjtl `jtoboõtoel p`rkjtkrì. (@cpoeoioj`, Nkjt`coeoj`, Krotrlcoeoj`, kte)
6.4.- Rli fki VKJU fur`jtk ki pkrãlfl fk kcb`r`zl kj ki c`rel fki prlnr`c` fk sìuf fk i` cumkr.
RLI FKI VKJU KJ KI C@JKML FK KCB@R@]L AOUOLIÕNOEL
 C`jkml fk t`rmktkrls p`r` i` eotèoõj y eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl fk pèokjtk lbstïtroe`
 Eljakeeoõj fk e`rjkt c`tkrjì p`r` pèokjtk kj eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl
 Rkse`tk fk kxàckjks fk i`blr`tlrol
 Eljtrli fk prksoõj `rtkroì

Eljtrli fk pksl y tìi`
 C`jtkjocokjtl fk clboio`rol y c`tkroìks p`r` ki eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl kj blx c`tkrjì
 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj ki eljtrli lbstïtroel y prlekfocokjtls càs ojv`sovls

(kspkeuilselpã`, tètl v`nojì, kte)
 Xrkp`rèoõj fk c`tkroì p`r` kstkroiozèoõj
 Kfueèoõj ojtknrì ` pèokjtk lbstïtroe`.
 Xrkp`rèoõj aãsoe` fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` kj tr`b`ml fk p`rtl l eksàrk` prlnr`c`f`.
 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks

Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i` ojstìèoõj fk vã` vkjls` y ckfoe`ckjtls èkikr`flrks fki
tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
 C`jkml, tr`si`fl y euof`fls fki cljotlr aktì
 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i` `tkjeoõj fki p`rtl v`nojì.
 @tkjeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl ojckfo`tl
 @skl y eljalrt fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` y puïrpkr`.

 @vosl lplrtujl ` prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i`s elcpioeèoljks fki pukrpkrol.
>8

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks

 @sostkjeo` ` puïrpkr` kj tïejoe` fk ièt`je
ièt`jeo`
o` c`tkrj`.
AON.;> (Rli VKJU kj pèokjtk lbstïtroe`)
RLI FKI VKJU KJ KI C@JKML FK KCB@R@]L X@VLIÕNOEL=

 Rkakror lplrtuj`ckjtk ` prlaksoljì c`trlj`, eu`jfl sk prkskjtkj ils sonuokjtks sonjls fk p`tlilnã`
lbstïtroe`=
l Eoar`s dopkrtkjsov`s
l Dopkrnioekco`
l Rltur` prkc`tur` fk ckcbr`j`s lvui`rks
l Uonjls fk ojakeeoõj lvui`r
l @uckjtl fk pksl kxeksovl
l Cliksto`s uroj`ro`s, prurotl pìcl-pi`jt`r
l Eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s `jtks fk i`s 5> skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj
l V`quoe`rfo` plr usl fk tleliãtoels.

 C`jkml, tr`si`fl y euof`fls kj ki usl fk cljotlr aktì p`r`
p `r` pèokjtks elj p`tlilnã` lbstïtroe`.

 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj tlc` fk kxàckjks fk i`blr`tlrol (s`jnrk, lroj`, aiuml v`nojì)
sknýj p`tlilnã` quk sk kstufok.
>0
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 @fcojostrèoõj fk ckfoe`ckjtls fkikn`fls plr prlaksoljì c`trlj`.
 Xksl fo`rol, ckfoeoõj fk fourksos kj pèokjtks elj fo`njõstoel fk prkkei`cpso`.
 Vlc` fk dkclniueltkst prk y plstpr`jfoì kj pèokjtks elj fo`bktks nkst

nkstèoljì.
èoljì.

C`jkml fk tïejoe`s kstïroiks kj pèokjtks elj rltur` prkc`tur` fk ckcbr`j`s.
 Vr`si`fl fk pèokjtk ` p`bkiiõj lbstïtroel l sì` fk
f k p`rtls sknýj elrrkspljf`.
6.?.- Ocplrt`jeo` fki VKJU p`r` i`s usu`ro`s fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl.
 Ks aukjtk fk ojalrcèoõj p`r` ils fostojtls prlekfocokjtls `fcojostr`tovls fkjtrl fki EKUA@C.
 Kje`rn`fl fk ltlrn`r y eljaorc`r dlr`s fk eljtrli elj c`trlj`
 Eljakeeoõj y kjtrkn` fk e`rjkt c`tkrjì ` i` pèokjtk

p èokjtk lbstïtroe`.
 Kfueèoõj ojtknrì ` i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` y puïrpkr`
 Rkekpeoõj fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` kj skrvoeol fk [rnkjeo` C`tkrjof`f.
 @plyl aãsoel y psoeliõnoel kj i` ckeàjoe` fki p`rtl.
 Ojalrcèoõj ` p`rkm` y a`coio`rks fk i`s eljfoeoljks fk i` pèokjtk.
 @plyl forketl kj i` tïejoe` fk `c`c`jt`cokjtl
>2

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
Kj ki sonuokjtk e`sl eiãjoel elcpikt` ils eljekptls quk aìt`j=
Eiùfo` Nljzàikz ks uj` pèokjtk fk 22 `ðls, ètuìckjtk eljsuit` ` prlaksoljì c`trlj` fk uj EKUA@C
plr prkskjt`r
`ðls, ùskjeo`
sokjfl ïst`s fk ckjstruèoõj.
fk rknui`r Kjtrk
`p`roeoõj e`f` 58ils `jtkekfkjtks rkaokrk quk su prockr` rkni` auk ` ils 02
fã`s.
I` prockr` ckjstruèoõj l rkni` fk Eiùfo`
E iùfo` sk fkjlcoj` \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\. E`f`
ckjstruèoõj c`re` ki ojoeol fk uj jukvl \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, ki
euì sk elcpljk fk 6 a`sks= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\,
A`sk\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\,
a`sk\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\.
@ ckjufl Eiùfo` prkskjt` flilr topl eõioel kj ki pkrãlfl fk ckjstruèoõj il euì rkeobk ki jlcbrk fk
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\.
Dèk 2 cksks quk Eiùfo` pkreobk i` aìt` fk rkni` l ckjstruèoõj, kst` ùskjeo` sk fkjlcoj`
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\.
Il càs prlb`bik, ks quk sk d`y` prlfueofl uj kcb`r`zl nrèo`s ` i` ausoõj fk uj n`cktl akckjojl y
c`seuiojl il quk elrrkspljfk ì prleksl ii`c`fl\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\,
ïstk leurrk nkjkrìckjtk kj i` \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\.
Iuknl kstk õvuil akeujf`fl sk tr`jsplrt` iikn`jfl ` ýtkrl fljfk
fljf k sk prlfuek i`
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\. Kj kstk prleksl ki õvuil ake
akeujf`fl
ujf`fl sk tr`jsalrc`
kj \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, fovofoïjflsk y alrc`jfl \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\,
y iuknl ki\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\. I`s > kt`p`s fk i` ocpi`jtèoõj sk elcpikt`j `
ils \\\\\\\\\\\\\fã`s.
Fo`njlstoe`fl ki kcb`r`zl fk Eiùfo`, plr fkaojoeoõj kstk tokjk uj` furèoõj fk \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\fã`s,
\\\\\\\\\\\\\skc`j`s, kquovìkjtks
kquovìkjtks ` \\\\\\\\\\\cksks eìkjf`rol.
eìkjf`rol.
>5

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
2.0.- C`rã` Kikj` Ruoz eurs` uj kcb`r`zl fk 54 skc`j`s prljt` ` tkjkr su p`rtl. Kj i` kvliueoõj fk su
kcb`r`zl sk ofkjtoaoe`rlj sonjls fk ULUXKED@, XRLB@BOIOF@F _ EKRVK]@, ofkjtoaoe` e`f` fkseropeoõj
elj uj` ’U– so elrrkspljfk ` slspked`, uj` ’X– so elrrkspljfk ` prlb`boiof`f l ’E– so elrrkspljfk ` ekrtkz`.
\\\\\@useuitèoõj fk \\\\\\\@uskjeo` fk
\\\\\\\@uskjeo`
i`tofls e`rfoèls rkni` (`ckjlrrk`)
aktìks.
\\\\\\Xrkskjeo` fk
eìlstrl
\\\\\\E`cbol fk \\\\\\E`js`jeol
\\\\\\E`js`jeol
elilrèoõj fk i`s y sukðl
c`c`s.
\\\\\\Lbskrvèoõj
\\\\\\Lbskrvèoõj \\\\\\@uckjtl
fk p`rtks aktìks fki t`c`ðl fk i`s
elj kelnràã`. c`c`s.
2.2.- Fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl fk C`rã` Kikj` sk prlfumkrlj e`cbols aujeoljìks y `j`tõcoels. Elile` ì arkjtk
fk e`f` `spketl uj e`cbol rkièolj`fl.
@UXKEVL E@CBOL
C@C@U
XKUL
UOUVKC@ E@RFOLQ@UE[I@R
@X@R@VL [ROJ@ROL
UOUVKC@
C[UE[ILKUP[KIÏVOEL
>6

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
Kj ki plioeiãjoel A@R (aktl fk ìtl roksnl) fki Jovki 2fl sk `tokjfkj v`ro`s pèokjtks elj p`tlilnã` fki kcb`r`zl.
@ eljtojuèoõj sk prkskjt`j fovkrs`s sotuèoljks eiãjoe`s. Elile` arkjtk ` e`f` sotuèoõj ki jlcbrk fk i`
p`tlilnã` lbstïtroe` quk elrrkspljfk=
X@VLILNÃ@=
X@VLILNÃ@=
X@VLILNÃ@=
X@VLILNÃ@=
>;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 6
Jlcbr` fls (2) RLI VKJU `b`ml fk e`f` sotuèoõj eiãjoe` ckjeolj`f`=
0.- I` Ukðlr` Tockj` Lrtoz ks eljtrli`f`

plr c`trlj` kj su EKUA@C, elj kcb`r`zl
fk 56 skc`j`s.
@.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
B.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.-X`li` U`jt`j` sk kjeukjtr`

dlspotìoz`f` kj sì` fk Xukrpkrol plr
p`rtl vã` v`nojì, ` i` euì sk kjtrkn` su
rkeoïj jèofl `r` uk ojoeok ièt`jeo`.
@.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
B.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
C`roj` Uoiv` ks ojnrks`f` ` sì` fk Xrkp`rtls elj tr`b`ml

fk X`rtl `v`jz`fl. Iuknl ks tr`si`f`f` ` sì` fk p`rtls
fljfk jèk Bkjm`cãj plr p`rtl vã` v`nojì sokjfl
èlc
èlc `ð`f`
`ð`f` lr su `rk ` Erosto
Erosto`j.
`j.
@.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
B.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
>1

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0 ELCXIKV@EOÕJ=
I` prockr` ckjstruèoõj l rkni` fk Eiùfo` sk fkjlcoj` \\\CKJ@RP[Ã@ \\\\\. E`f` ckjstruèoõj c`re`
c`re`
ki ojoeol fk uj jukvl \\\EOEIL CKJUVR[@I \\\\\, ki euì sk elcpljk
elcpljk fk 6
LQ[I@EOÕJ \ \\\\\\\,
a`sks=\\CKJUVR[@EOÕJ \\\,A`sk\\\XRKLQ[I@VLRO@ L ALIOE[I@R \\\, \\LQ[I@EOÕJ \
a`sk\\XLUV LQ[I@VLRO@ L IÝVK@ \\\\\\.
@ ckjufl Eiùfo` prkskjt` flilr topl eõioel kj ki pkrãlfl fk ckjstruèoõj il euì rkeobk ki jlcbrk fk
\\\FOUCKJLRRK@ \\\\\\\\\\.
Dèk 2 cksks quk Eiùfo` pkreobk i` aìt` fk rkni` l ckjstruèoõj, kst` ùskjeo` sk fkjlcoj`
\\\@CKJLRRK@ \\\\\\.
Il càs prlb`bik, ks quk sk d`y` prlfueofl uj kcb`r`zl nrèo`s ` i` ausoõj fk uj n`cktl akckjojl y
c`seuiojl il quk elrrkspljfk ì prleksl ii`c`fl\ AKE[JF@EOÕJ \\\, kstk leurrk nkjkrìckjtk kj i`
\\@CXLII@ FK I@ VRLCX@ FK A@ILXOL \\\\.
Iuknl kstk lvuil akeujf`fl sk tr`jsplrt` iikn`jfl ` ýtkrl fljfk sk prlfuek i` \\OCXI@JV@EOÕJ \\. Kj
kstk prleksl ki õvuil akeujf`fl sk tr`jsalrc` kj \\EONLVL \\\\, fovofoïjflsk y alrc`jfl
tr`jsalrc` alrc`jfl \\I@
CLR[I@ \\, y iuknl ki\\BI@UVLEOUVL \\\\. I`s > kt`p`s fk i` ocpi`jtèoõj sk elcpikt`j ` ils
\06 \\fã`s.
Fo`njlstoe`fl ki kcb`r`zl fk Eiùfo`, plr fkaojoeoõj kstk tokjk uj` furèoõj fk \248 \\\fã`s,
kquovìkjtks ` \\? \\cksks eìkjf`rol.
\\68 \\skc`j`s, kquovìkjtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
2.0
\\\E\\\\@useuitèoõj fk i`tofls e`rfoèls aktìks.
\\\U\\\\@uskjeo` fk rkni`
rkni` (`ckjlrrk`)
\\\X\\\\Xrkskjeo` fk eìlstrl
eìlstrl
\\\X\\\\E`cbol fk elilrèoõj
elilrèoõj fk i`s c
c`c`s.
`c`s.
\\\U\\\\E`js`jeol y sukðl
sukðl
\\\E\\\\Lbskrvèoõj fk p`rtks
p`rtks aktìks elj kelnràã`.
>>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
\\\X\\\\@uckjtl fki t`c`ðl

t`c`ðl fk i`s c`c`s.
2.2
@UXKEVL E@CBOL
C@C@U Fksfk i` a`sk càs prkelz fk i` nkstèoõj y elcl

eljskeukjeo` fk ils e`cbols dlrcljìks sk pukfk
jlt`r uj ùckjtl fk skjsoboiof`f, cliksto`s,
tkjsoõj y dlrconukls kj ils pkedls. @ p`rtor fki
sknujfl cks fk kcb`r`zl i`s c`c`s ùckjt`j
fk t`c`ðl.
Dèo` ki 5¸ cks sk lseurkekj ils pkzljks y
`rkli`s.
XKUL Ki pksl fk i` kcb`r`z`f` ùckjt`rà fk alrc`

nr`fuì ` il i`rnl fk kstls ? cksks fk 4 ` 02 gn.
Kj ki prockr trockstrk fkbk fk n`j`r uj goil, kj ki
sknujfl trockstrk 6 gn y kj ki tkrekr trockstrk
ìrkfkflr fk 6 gn.
UOUVKC@ Ki elr`zõj ùckjt` su arkeukjeo` e`rfãè` y

foscojuyk i` tkjsoõj `rtkroì. I` eoreuièoõj
E@RFOLQ@UE[I@R s`jnuãjk` ks càs ikjt` (slbrk tlfl kj i`s pokrj`s)
fkbofl ì pksl fki ýtkrl quk foaoeuit` ki rktlrjl
vkjlsl.
Fk `dã i` `p`roeoõj fk v`roeks kj pokrj`s y vuiv` y
ki kfkc` kj ils poks ì kst`r cuedl tokcpl kj pok.
Vlfl kstl eljtrobuyk t`cboïj ` i` plsobik `p`roeoõj
fk trlcblsos vkjls` prlaujf` kj i` kcb`r`z`f`.
@X@R@VL [ROJ@ROL Eùs`fl t`cboïj plr ki ùckjtl fki ýtkrl (quk

elcprock i` vkmon`) y ` uj ùckjtl fk i`
prlfueeoõj fk lroj`, i` kcb`r`z`f` v` ` lroj`r elj
càs arkeukjeo`.
UOUVKC@ Il càs e`rètkrãstoel ks i` ilrflsos prlnrksov`, sk

tr`t` fk uj cke`joscl elcpkjs`flr fki ùckjtl
C[UE[ILKUP[KIÏVOEL
fk pksli`kjeliucj`,
`rquk` i` p`rtk
p `rtk kstls
`jtkrolr fki eukrpl,
e`cbols ks fkeor,
pukfkj sk
prlfueor
flilrks fk kspìf` slbrk tlfl ì aojì fki kcb`r`zl
>4

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
y uj` alrc` fk `jf`r e`rètkrãstoe` ii`c`f`

’c`red` fk p`tl–.
>?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
0.-X@VLILNÃ@= XRKKEI@CXUO@
2.-X@VLILNÃ@= UÃJVLC@U FK X@RVL XRKC@V[RL
5.-X@VLILNÃ@= FO@BKVKU NKUV@EOLJ@I
6.-X@VLILNÃ@= ELIKUV@EO@ OJVR@DKXÀVOE@
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 6
RLI VKJU
UOV[@EOÕJ 0= I` Ukðlr` Tockj` Lrtoz ks eljtrli`f` plr c`trlj` kj su EKUA@C, elj kcb`r`zl fk 56
skc`j`s.
RLI VKJU=
 C`jkml fk t`rmktkrls p`r` i` eotèoõj y eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl fk pèokjtk lbstïtroe`
 Eljakeeoõj fk e`rjkt c`tkrjì p`r` pèokjtk kj eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl
 Rkse`tk fk kxàckjks fk i`blr`tlrol
 Eljtrli fk pksl y tìi`
 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj ki eljtrli lbstïtroel y prlekfocokjtls càs ojv`sovls

(kspkeuilselpã`, tètl v`nojì, kte)

UOV[@EOÕJ 2= X`li` U`jt`j` sk kjeukjtr` dlspotìoz`f` kj sì` fk Xukrpkrol plr p`rtl vã` v`nojì, ` i` euì
sk kjtrkn` su rkeoïj jèofl p`r` quk ojoeok ièt`jeo`.
RLI VKJU=
 @skl y eljalrt fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` y puïrpkr`.
 @vosl lplrtujl ` prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i`s elcpioeèoljks fki pukrpkrol.
 @sostkjeo` ` puïrpkr` kj tïejoe` fk ièt`je

ièt`jeo`
o` c`tkrj`.
48

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
UOV[@EOÕJ 5= C`roj` Uoiv` ks ojnrks`f` ` sì` fk Xrkp`rtls elj tr`b`ml fk X`rtl `v`jz`fl. Iuknl ks
tr`si`f`f` ` sì` fk p`rtls fljfk jèk Bkjm`cãj plr p`rtl vã` v`nojì sokjfl èlcp`ð`f` plr su p`rkm`
Erosto`j.
RLI VKJU=
 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i` ojstìèoõj fk vã` vkjls` y ckfoe`ckjtls èkikr`flrks fki
tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
 C`jkml, tr`si`fl y euof`fls fki cljotlr aktì
 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i` `tkjeoõj fki p`rtl v`nojì.
 @tkjeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl ojckfo`tl

40

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
Eoeil ckjstruì-akeujfèoõj-ocpi`jtèoõj
cpi`jtèoõj
dttp=//www.fckfoeoj`.elc/a`coio`-y-kcb`r`zl/akrtoiof`f/foeeolj`rol-fk-akrtoiof`f/eoeil-
ckjstruì.dtci
Kcb`r`zl, sonjls y sãjtlc`s

dttp=//www.j`tìbkj.elc/sojtlc`s-kcb`r`zl/sonjls-ekrtkz`-fk-kcb`r`zl
Nuã` Fo`bktks y kcb`r`zl

dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/wp-eljtkjt/upil`fs/280;/00/N[O@-FO@BKVKU-_-KCB@R@]L\wkb-06-00-
2806.pfa
X`tlilnã`s fk ìtl roksnl lbstïtroel

dttp=//kseuki`.ckf.pue.ei/p`noj`s/fkp`rt`ckjtls/lbstktroeo`/ìtlroksnl/EOK.dtci
Nuã` pkroj`tì 280;

dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/sotks/fkaùit/
dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/sotks/fkaùit/aoiks/aoiks/N[O@
aoiks/aoiks/N[O@%28XKROJ@V@I\280;\%28X
%28XKROJ@V@I\280;\%28X@R@%28X[BIOE@
@R@%28X[BIOE@R.pfa
R.pfa
42

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@prkjfoz`mk kspkr`fl ;
Ofkjtoaoe`j ils prleksls aosoliõnoels fki p`rtl jlrcì y p`tliõnoel y ki rli fki VKJU kj kiils, kj ki
eljtkxtl fk i` `tkjeoõj fk Uìuf.
;.0.- Eljekptl fk tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
Ks ki eljmujtl fk akjõckjls ètovls y p`sovls quk fkskje`fkj`fls ì aojì fk i` nkstèoõj, quk tokjkj plr
lbmktl i` kxpuisoõj fki prlfuetl coscl fk i` nkstèoõj, i` pièkjt` y sus `jkxls ` tr`vïs fk i` vã` j`turì (l
e`jì fki p`rtl kj i` cumkr).
EI@UOAOE@EOLJKU=
Uknýj i` kf`f fk i` nkstèoõj kj quk leurrk ki p`rtl sk ei`soaoe`=
X@RVL OJC@F[RL= Kjtrk i`s 28 ` i`s 24 skc`j`s

X@RVL XRKVÏRCOJL L XRKC@V[RL= Kjtrk i`s 24 y i`s 51 skc`j`s.
X@RVL FK VÏRCOJL= Kjtrk i`s 5> y 68 skc`j`s.
X@RVL XLUVÏRCOJL= Fkspuïs fk i` skc`j` 62 kj `fki`jtk.
Xlr i` su alrc` fk ojoeol=
KUXLJVÀJKL= Eu`jfl sk fkskje`fkj` ki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl kj alrc` jlrcì èlrfk elj ils cke`joscls
aosoliõnoels c`tkrjl-nkstèoõj.
OJF[EOFL= Eu`jfl sk utoioz` ìnuj` tïejoe` cïfoe` elcl skrã` i` C`furèoõj Ekrvoeì us`jfl
Xrlst`ni`jfoj`s XN2ìa`, l Ojfueeoõj elj ckfoe`ckjtls lxotõeoels.
;.2.- Kt`p`s fki prleksl fk p`rtl jlrcì
Fktkrcoj`f`s sust`jeo`s prlfueof`s plr i` pièkjt`

pièkjt`,, i` c`frk l ki aktl, `sã elcl aètlrks ckeàjoels elcl
ki t`c`ðl fki aktl y su kaketl slbrk ki cýseuil
cýseuil utkrojl
utkrojl eljtrobuykj ì p`rtl. Xlr il t`jtl, ils kaketls ellrfoj`fls
fk tlfls kstls aètlrks slj prlb`bikckjtk i` eùs` fk i` `p`roeoõj fki tr`b`ml fki p`rtl.
Uk d`bi` fk ojoeol fki p`rtl eu`jfl sk eljmun`j v`ro`s sotuèoljks elcl slj i`s eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s, ki
blrr`cokjtl (l èlrt`cokjtl fk i` iljnotuf fki eïrvox) y i` foi`tèoõj fki eukiil utkrojl.
Ki prleksl fki p`rtl kutõeoel l jlrcì eljst` fk 6 nr`jfks kt`p`s=
 XRÕFRLCLU
 FOI@V@EOÕJ
 KTX[IUOQL
 @I[CBR@COKJVL
45
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
XRÕFRLCLU
Ks uj pkrãlfl kxeiuofl fki tr`b`ml fki p`rtl ki euì jl tokjk uj
ojoeol fkaojofl, elcokjz` elj i` `p`roeoõj prlnrksov` fk uj
eljmujtl fk sãjtlc`s y sonjls quk ik skrvoràj ` i` c`frk p`r`
f`rsk eukjt` quk sk `prlxoc` ki clckjtl fki p`rtl, ùjquk jl
sokcprk kj alrc` ojckfo`t`. Kstk pkrãlfl pukfk fur`r d`st` fls
skc`j`s y aojìoz` elj i` foi`tèoõj fki ýtkrl. Jl tlf`s i`s
kcb`r`z`f`s pkreobkj quk kstàj p`s`jfl plr i` kt`p` fki
prkp`rtl l prõfrlcls, plr t`jtl, elcokjz`j forket`ckjtk elj
i`s eljtrèeoljks rãtcoe`s e`rètkrãstoe`s
e`rètkrãstoe`s fki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
Fur`jtk kstk pkrãlfl sk prlfuek uj ojerkckjtl prlnrksovl fk i`
arkeukjeo` k ojtkjsof`f fk i`s eljtrèeoljks, sk kxpuis` ` vkeks
ki t`põj cuelsl y sk ojerkckjt`j i`s cliksto`s ` jovki fk i` pkivos .AON.;4 (Xrõfrlcls fk p`rtl)
FOI@V@EOÕJ
Ki prockr pkrãlfl fk p`rtl tokjk elcl aojìof`f foi`t`r ki eukiil utkrojl. Uk prlfuek eu`jfl i`s eljtrèeoljks
utkroj`s kcpokz`j ` `p`rkekr elj c`ylr arkeukjeo`, `prlxoc`f`ckjtk e`f` 5-0; cojutls, elj uj` furèoõj
fk 58 sknujfls l càs e`f` uj` y fk uj` ojtkjsof`f erkeokjtk, d`st` uj` e`f` fls cojutls prlfueokjfl ki
blrr`cokjtl l `fkin`z`cokjtl fki eukiil utkrojl y su foi`tèoõj, il quk pkrcotk fkjlcoj`r ` kstk pkrãlfl
elcl pkrãlfl fk foi`tèoõj.
I` furèoõj fk kstk pkrãlfl ks v`ro`bik= sã i` cumkr d` tkjofl tr`b`mls fk p`rtl `jtkrolrks -kj ki e`sl fk
procãp`r`s7 cumkr quk juje` d` tkjofl uj p`rtl-
p `rtl- pukfk fur`r d`st` 04 dlr`s, y sk fovofk kj=
A`sk i`tkjtk= E`cbols clraliõnoels fki eukiil utkrojl skeujf`rols ` e`cbols kj ki p`trõj fk i`s eljtrèeoljks
utkroj`s. Xlr il nkjkrì, sk ìe`jz`j d`st` 2 l 5 ekjtãcktrls fk foi`tèoõj fki eukiil utkrojl.
A`sk ètov`= pkrãlfl fki p`rtl quk tr`jseurrk fksfk uj` foi`tèoõj c`ylr ` 6 y d`st` ils 08 ec y sk èlcp`ð`
fk fojàcoe` rknui`r.
A`sk fk fksèkikrèoõj= Vkrcoj` elj i` foi`tèoõj elcpikt` (08 ekjtãcktrls) y blrr`cokjtl fki eukiil
utkrojl. [suìckjtk kjtrk i` foi`tèoõj elcpikt` y i` a`sk fk jèocokjtl sk f` uj elrtl pkrãlfl fk i`tkjeo` kj
ki quk i`s eljtrèeoljks fks`p`rkekj plr elcpiktl.
46

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.;? (Blrr`cokjtl y foi`tèoõj ekrvoeì fur`jtk ki p`rtl)
4;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
KTX[IUOQL
Vr`jseurrk kjtrk ki clckjtl kj quk sk ìe`jz` i` foi`tèoõj elcpikt` y ki clckjtl kj quk sk prlfuek i`
kxpuisoõj aktì. Ks ki p`sl fki rkeoïj jèofl ` tr`vïs fki e`jì fki p`rtl, fksfk ki ýtkrl d`st` ki kxtkrolr, nrèo`s
` i`s eljtrèeoljks ojvliujt`ro`s utkroj`s y ` plfkrls`s eljtrèeoljks `bflcojìks l pumls c`tkrjls.
Kj ki pkrãlfl kxpuisovl l sknujfl pkrãlfl fostojnuocls fls a`sks=
A@UK VKCXR@J@ JL KTX[IUOQ@, kj i` quk i`

foi`tèoõj ks elcpikt`, y jl kxostk fkskl fk pum`r y`
quk i` prkskjtèoõj aktì jl d` fksekjfofl.
A@UK @Q@J]@F@ KTX[IUOQ@, kj i` quk ì iikn`r
i` p`rtk aktì ì sukil fk i` pkivos, sk prlfuek fkskl
fk puml c`tkrjl. Ks fksk`bik jl alrz`r ils pumls
d`st` quk i` c`frk sokjt` kst` skjsèoõj, p`r` jl
ojtkrakror elj ki jlrcì fks`rrliil fki p`rtl.
AON.18 (Xkrãlfl kxpuisovl)
@I[CBR@COKJVL
Elcokjz` kj i` kxpuisoõj fk i` pièkjt`, ki elrfõj ucboioeì y i`s ckcbr`j`s7 kstl iikv` kjtrk ; y 58 cojutls. Ki
fksekjsl fki elrfõj ucboioeì plr i` vuiv` fkspuïs fki p`rtl ks uj` ojfoeèoõj fki fksprkjfocokjtl aojì fk i`
pièkjt`, eu`jtl càs sìk ki elrfõj, càs `v`jz` i` pièkjt` dèo` aukr` fk i` e`vof`f utkroj`.
I`s eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s eljtojý`j fur`jtk ki fksekjsl fk i` pièkjt`, i`s euìks `yuf`j ` elcprocor
ils v`sls tkrcojìks fki colcktrol quk pokrfkj su utoiof`f fkspuïs fki p`rtl, prleksl quk sk eljlek kj
lbstktroeo` elcl i`s ion`fur`s vov`s fk Xoj`rf .
41

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.10 (Kxtrèeoõj fk i` pièkjt` kj ki AON.12 (Xièkjt`, e`r` aktì)
ìucbr`cokjtl)
AON.15 (I`s kt`p`s fki p`rtl)
4>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
CKE@JOUCLU FKI X@RVL

Fur`jtk i` ckeàjoe` fki p`rtl, ils foàcktrls ckjlrks fki aktl p`s`j plr ils foàcktrls c`ylrks fk i` pkivos
c`tkrj`. Elj ki aoj fk jl qukf`r kje`m`fl kj ìnýj pujtl fur`jtk su tr`yketlro` aukr` fki ýtkrl, ki jklj`tl
p`s` plr uj` skrok fk clvocokjtls j`turìks quk eljstotuykj
eljstotuykj ki cke`joscl fki p`rtl.
Fksekjsl= Leurrk plr èeoõj fk i` nr`vkf`f

uj` vkz foi`t`fl ki eukiil utkrojl, `sã elcl fk
i`s plfkrls`s eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s y fk ils
cýseuils `bflcojìks
tokjfk ` skr ikjt`ckjtkc`tkrjls.
prlnrksovlKib`s`fl
fksekjsl
kj
i` kstruetur` pïivoe` c`tkrj`.
AON.16 (Fksekjsl fk i` prkskjtèoõj)
Aikxoõj= I` e`bkz` fki aktl sk aikxolj`, fk
clfl quk ki ckjtõj
ckjtõj aktì dèk eljtètl
eljtètl elj
su pkedl, ì kjeljtr`rsk ki prockr pujtl fk
rksostkjeo` fki posl pïivoel.
AON. 1; (Aikxoõj)
Kje`m`cokjtl= Ki foàcktrl fk i` e`bkz` fki

aktl quk v` fksfk uj duksl
du ksl p`roktì ì
lpukstl, ii`c`fl foàcktrl bop`roktì, ìe`jz`
ki kstrkedl supkrolr fk i` pkivos ` jovki fk i`s
kspoj`s osquoàtoe`s. Xlr il nkjkrì leurrk kj i`
a`sk t`rfã` fki kcb`r`zl, mustl ì ojoeo`rsk ki
tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
AON. 11 (Kje`m`cokjtl)
44

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Rltèoõj ojtkrj`= Leurrk kj ki kstrkedl

ckfol fk i` pkivos, eu`jfl ki aktl, ì eljtoju`r
su fksekjsl, dèk uj` rltèoõj fk ?8½ kj ki
skjtofl eljtr`rol ` i`s `num`s fki rkilm, fk
clfl fk `f`pt`rsk ` i` eljaonurèoõj
rlcblofì fk ils cýseuils fki posl pïivoel,
kjtrk ki cýseuil kikv`flr fki `jl y
ils oiklelxãnkls. @sã, i` e`r` fki bkbï kstà
foronof` cor`jfl dèo` ki rketl c`tkrjl.
AON.1> (Rltèoõj ojtkrj`)
Kxtkjsoõj= I` e`bkz` fki aktl `tr`voks` ki

e`jì fki p`rtl, sk kxtokjfk fk tì c`jkr` quk
i` arkjtk sk fkspi`z` prockrl plr ki
lroaoeol vuiv`r. I` e`bkz` kstà plr fkb`ml fk i`
sãjaosos pýboe` y d` fostkjfofl ì càxocl AON.14 (kxtkjsoõj)
ki pkrojï.
Rltèoõj kxtkrj`= [j` vkz quk d` sìofl i`

e`bkz`, sk nor` 6;½ p`r` rkstùr`r su plsoeoõj
lronojì `jtks fk i` rltèoõj ojtkrj` y qukf`r
kj plsoeoõj jlrcì kj rkièoõj elj ils
dlcbrls. Uk fkjlcoj` plr kii` i` rkstotueoõj,
rk stotueoõj,
dèokjfl ki p`sl fk ils dlcbrls càs aètobik.
AON.1? (rltèoõj kxtkrj`)
Kxpuisoõj= Ki dlcbrl pýboel tokjfk ` sìor

prockrl, sknuofl plr ki dlcbrl pkrojkì. Ki
rkstl fki eukrpl sìk plr sã slil elj uj`
uj ` ikvk
ocpuisoõj c`tkrj`.
AON.>8 (Kxpuisoõj)
4?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Kstls clvocokjtls slj tlfls fkbofl ` i` rkièoõj quk kxostk kjtrk i` e`bkz` õsk` y dlcbrls fki aktl y ki
`joiil õskl fk i` pkivos c`tkrj`.
;.5.- Kvìuèoõj lbstïtroe`=

Xrkvol ì ojnrksl fk uj` pèokjtk ` i` sì` fk prkp`rtls, sk fkbkrà prètoe`r uj` kvìuèoõj `fkeu`f` quk
ojeiuy`=
@) C@JOLBR@U FK IKLXLIF= Eljsostk kj eu`trl èeoljks fostojt`s quk `yuf`j ` fktkrcoj`r i`
uboeèoõj fk i`s p`rtks aktìks kj ýtkrl, y quk, mujtl elj i`
i ` kvìuèoõj fk i` pkivos c`tkrj`, pukfkj ojfoe`r so
ki p`rtl skrà aètobik plr vã` v`nojì.
?8

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Xrockr` c`jolbr`= Ofkjtoaoeèoõj fki plil aktì quk leup` ki aktl kj ýtkrl.
AON. >0 (Xrockr` c`jolbr` fk Iklplif)
Uknujf` c`jolbr`= Fktkrcojèoõj fk i` plsoeoõj fki flrsl l kspìf` fki aktl.

AON. >2 (Uknujf` c`jolbr` fk Iklplif)
?0

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Vkrekr` c`jolbr`=
Eljaorc`r prkskjtèoõj.
Fktkrcoj`r so ki aktl sk kjeukjtr` iobrk l kje`m`fl.
AON.>5 (Vkrekr` c`jolbr` fk Iklplif)
Eu`rt` c`jolbr`=
E`cbol fk plsoeoõj fk kx`coj`flr.
Eljaorc` kje`m`cokjtl.
AON.>6 (Eu`rt` c`jolbr` fk Iklplif)

B) XRKUKJV@EOÕJ AKV@I=
Uk fkaojk elcl
uj tr`b`ml ki plil fki aktl quk sk prkskjt` ì kstrkedl supkrolr fk i` pkivos y ks e`p`z fk fkskje`fkj`r
fk p`rtl.
Uk fkserobk=
XRKUKJV@EOÕJ
XLFÀIOE@= Ks `qukii` kj
XRKUKJV@EOÕJ i` quk ki plil pkivo`jl fki
EKAÀIOE@= aktl sk kjeukjtr` kj
Xrkskjtèoõj aktì rkièoõj forket` elj ki
kstrkedl supkrolr fk i`
pkivos c`tkrj`.
AON.>; (Vopls fk prkskjtèoõj aktì)

?2

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
E) UOV[@EOÕJ AKV@I=

Ks i` rkièoõj fki kmk iljnotufojì fki AKVL kj rkièoõj ì fk i` c`frk, pukfk skr Iljnotufojì l Vr`jsvkrsl
fk flrsl Uupkrolr l Ojakrolr
??% fk ils e`sls Xlr aètlrks Ckjls arkeukjtk

prkfospljkjtks
AON.>1 (Q`ro`jtks fk sotuèoõj aktì)

F) @EVOV[F L XLUV[R@=
Rkièoõj quk nu`rf`j i`s fostojt`s p`rtks aktìks kjtrk sã.
AIKTOLJ@F@
FKAIKTOLJ@F@
OJFOAKRKJVK
AON.>> (@etotuf l plstur` aktì)
?5

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
K) XLUOEOÕJ AKV@I

― Rkièoõj `rbotr`ro` kjtrk ki pujtl tleljõcoel aktl elj ki e`jì fki p`rtl.
p` rtl.
― Elj e`f` prkskjtèoõj d`y 2 plsoeoljks, fkrked` k ozquokrf`.
AON. >4 (Xlsoeoõj aktì ozquokrf`) AON.>? (Xlsoeoõj aktì fkrked`)
;.6- X`rtl X`tliõnoel7 Fostleo`s, Uuarocokjtl aktì `nufl.
0. Fkaojoeoõj fk fostleo`= Kjtkjfkcls elcl fostleo` ` euìquokr foaoeuit`f fk lronkj aktì l c`tkrjl kj ki
prlnrksl jlrcì fk uj p`rtl. Ki p`rtl jlrcì (p`rtl kutõeoel) sk e`rètkroz` plr i` skeukjeo` lrfkj`f` fk
uj` skrok fk akjõckjls j`turìks= eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s rãtcoe`s y ellrfoj`f`s, clfoaoeèoõj y foi`tèoõj
fki eukiil utkrojl, càs fksekjsl fki aktl ` tr`vïs fki e`jì fki p`rtl.
[j rktr`sl, kstlrbl l iocotèoõj kj euìquokr` fk kst`s kt`p`s dèk quk ki p`rtl sk prliljnuk kj kxeksl ,
quk rkquokr` fk i` ojtkrvkjeoõj cïfoe` y quk pljn` kj roksnl i` sìuf c`tkrj` l aktì.
I`s fostleo`s pukfkj tkjkr uj lronkj c`tkrjl, aktì l fk ils `jkxls aktìks (pièkjt`, elrfõj ucboioeì l iãquofl
`cjoõtoel).
2. Fostleo`s c`tkrj`s= Ki lronkj fk i`s fostleo`s c`tkrj`s pukfk skr ckeàjoel l fojàcoel, jls pkrcotk
ei`soaoe`ri`s sknýj su lronkj, y t`cboïj eljerkt`r i` ètotuf fki cïfoel lbstktr` `fkeu`f` kj e`f` e`sl.
?6

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Xlr t`jtl, ` nr`jfks r`snls, plfkcls fostojnuor=
0. Fostleo`s ckeàjoe`s= Xukfkj skr fk fls topls=
- Fostleo`s õsk`s= Ki ocpkfockjtl kstà kj i` fosplsoeoõj fk ils

duksls fk i` pkivos fk clfl quk i` e`bkz` fki bkbï jl tokjk
suaoeokjtk kspèol kj su e`cojl fk sìof` plr euip` fk ils
duksls fk i` pkivos fk i` c`frk
- Fostleo`s fk i`s p`rtks bi`jf`s= Ki ocpkfockjtl sk kjeukjtr`

fkjtrl fki prlpol ýtkrl l e`jì fki p`rtl
AON.48 (Rkièoõj e`bkz` aktì y pkivos)
2. Fostleo`s fojàcoe`s= Eu`jfl kxostk uj` ìtkrèoõj fk i` eljtrètoiof`f utkroj`.
Fkjtrl fk i`s fostleo`s ckeàjoe`s ckrkekj kxpioeèoõj `p`rtk i`s fostleo`s õsk`s. Kstàj prlvle`f`s plr
cìalrcèoljks fk i` fki
foaoeuit`j ki fksekjsl alrc`
aktl.fk ils duksls fk i` pkivos quk rkfuekj i`s fockjsoljks fk i` pkivos c`tkrj` y
I` kxostkjeo` fk uj` `jlcìã` pïivoe`, jl ojfoe` jkeks`ro`ckjtk quk ki p`rtl v`nojì sk` ocplsobik, plr il quk
ks prkakrobik d`bi`r fk fksprlplreoõj ekaìlpïivoe` quk ks uj tïrcojl us`fl elj arkeukjeo` kj i` eiãjoe` y
rkakrofl eu`jfl ki lbstktr` d` fkeofofl dèkr uj` eksàrk`.
Kj i` fksprlplreoõj ekaìlpïivoe` kxostk uj` foselrf`jeo` kjtrk ki t`c`ðl fk i` pkivos c`tkrj` y ki fk i`

e`bkz` fki aktl. Kst` pukfk leurror plr trks plsobiks r`zljks=
0) Ils foàcktrls fk i` pkivos sk`j rkfueofls7

2) I` e`bkz` aktì sk` cuy nr`jfk õ
5) Kxostkj fkaikxoljks l cì`s prkskjtèoljks aktìks quk
ocpof`j ki kje`m`cokjtl `fkeu`fl fk i` e`bkz`.
Aon.40 (Fksprlplreoõj ekaìlpïivoe`)
X@RVL FOUVÕEOEL= Leurrk eu`jfl d`y `jlrcìof`fks `j`tõcoe`s l aujeoljìks fki aktl, fk i` pkivos fk i`
c`frk, ki ýtkrl y ki eukiil utkrojl l ìnuj` elcbojèoõj fk kstls, ils euìks ojtkraokrkj elj ki eursl jlrcì fki
p`rtl y ìucbr`cokjtl, rkquorokjfl c`jolbr`s l ojtkrvkjeoljks quorýrnoe`s p`r` i` aojìozèoõj fki p`rtl.
?;
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Kjtrk ils topls fk p`rtl fostõeoel sk fkstè`j=
 EKUÀRK@
 ALREKXU
 X@RVL KJ XRKUKJV@EOÕJ XLFÀIOE@
EKUÀRK@
Ojtkrvkjeoõj quorýrnoe` quk pkrcotk kxtr`kr ki aktl ckfo`jtk i` `bkrtur` fki sknckjtl ojakrolr fki ýtkrl. Uk
prkaokrk i` eksàrk` eu`jfl ils bkjkaoeols p`r` i` c`frk, ki aktl, l `cbls, supkr`j ki roksnl quk pi`jtk` ki
prlekfocokjtl p`r` i` cumkr
@inuj`s fk sus eùs`s slj=
 Fksprlplreoõj aktl c`tkrj`

 Cìalrcèoljks l p`tlilnã` utkroj`
 Xrkskjtèoõj `jlrcì fki aktl
 Dkrpks nkjotì ètovl c`tkrjl
 Uuarocokjtl aktì `nufl
 X`tlilnã`s c`tkrj`s
 Eksàrk` `jtkrolr
 Kstkroiozèoõj tub`ro`
 Colc`s l tuclrks utkrojls
AON.42 (X`rtl eksàrk`)
VOXLU FK EKUÀRK@
Uknýj sus ojfoeèoljks=
 Fk urnkjeo`= Ks i` quk sk prètoe` p`r` rkslivkr l prkvkjor uj` elcpioeèoõj c`tkrj` l aktì kj kt`p`
erãtoe`.
 Kiketov`= Ks i` quk sk prlnr`c` p`r` skr rkìoz`f` kj uj` aked` fktkrcoj`f` plr ìnuj` ojfoeèoõj
cïfoe` y sk iikv` ` e`bl `jtks fk quk ojoeok ki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
?1

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Uknýj i` tïejoe` Puorýrnoe`=
 Vr`jspkrotljkì
l Elrplrì l eiàsoe`= I` ojeosoõj sk rkìoz` kj eukrpl utkrojl,
aljfl.
AON. 45 (Ojeosoõj eiàsoe`)

l Uknckjtl‖Elrplrì (Vopl Bkeg)= I` ojeosoõj ks vkrtoeì y sk rkìoz` slbrk ki sknckjtl y p`rtk fki
eukrpl utkrojl.
AON.46 (Ojeosoõj fki sknckjtl)

l Uknckjtl‖@reoalrck (Vopl Xà`jjkjstoki)= Ks i` tïejoe` quorýrnoe` càs us`f` plr sus cýitopiks
vkjt`m`s.
@i rkìoz`rsk uj` ojeosoõj tr`jsvkrsì fki sknckjtl ojakrolr=
Xrlfuek ckjls Dkclrr`no` + Aàeoi `pkrtur` y eokrrk fk i` p`rkf
utkroj`
Alrcèoõj fk eoe`troz utkroj` cuy rksostkjtk elj ple` prlb`boiof`f
fk fkdosekjeo` y ruptur` kj kcb`r`zls subskeukjtks, `fdkrkjeo`s
plstlpkr`tlro`s.
AON.4; (Ojeosoõj `reoalrck)
?>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU OJVR@LXKR@VLRO@U=
 Fksn`rrls utkrojls
 Iksoljks vksoeìks
 Iksoõj urktkrì
 Iksoõj ojtkstojì

@tljã` utkroj`
XLUVLXKR@VLRO@U=
 Kjflcktrotos
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU FK I@ DKROF@ LXKR@VLRO@=
 Fkdosekjeo` fk i` dkrof`=
 Elcpioeèoljks [roj`ro`s= (OV[)
 Elcpioeèoljks N`strlojtkstojìks= Jàusk`s, võcotls, fostkjsoõj `bflcojì, ùskjeo` fk ruofls
ojtkstojìks.
 Kjakrckf`f Vrlcblkcbõioe`= vkjls` prlaujf` l puiclj`r.
A@EVLRKU P[K @[CKJV@J KI ROKUNL FK OJAKEEOÕJ L C@I@ EOE@VRO]@EOÕJ=
 Fo`bktks ckiiotus, cìjutroeoõj, lbksof`f y ìeldlioscl.

 Furèoõj fk eorunã`, c`tkroì fk sutur` y tïejoe` fk eokrrk.
 Elrtoeltkr`po` prliljn`f`, `jkco` y r`foltkr`po`.
?4

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ALREKXU=
Ki aõrekps lbstïtroel ks uj ojstruckjtl foskð`fl p`r` `yuf`r ` quk
j`ze` i` e`bkz` fki aktl. Ulil sk utoioz` p`r` èkikr`r ki p`rtl l p`r`
elrrknor `jlrcìof`fks kj i` rkièoõj e`bkz` fki prlfuetl y i` pkivos
c`tkrj`, y quk ojtkraokr`j kj ki fksekjsl fk i` e`bkz` fk prlfuetl.
Eljsostk kj i` utoiozèoõj fk r`c`s quorýrnoe`s p`r` `yuf`r ` clvoioz`r
ì tr`vïs fk i` vã` fki p`rtl.
AON.41 (Alrekps)
OJFOE@EOLJKU FKI ALREKXU=
 Xkrãlfls kxpuisovls prliljn`fls.

 Aìt` fk rltèoõj fki AKVL.
 X`rtl pïivoel p`r` kvot`r l rkslivkr i` rktkjeoõj ýitoc` fk e`bkz`.
 Aìt` fk ellpkrèoõj C`tkrj` plr e`js`jeol l `jìnkso` kxeksov`.
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU = I`s elcpioeèoljks, eu`jfl su usl jl kstà ojfoe`fl, slj fovkrs`s y v`j fk i`s cãjoc`s
d`st` iksoljks skvkr`s, elcl plr kmkcpil=

Aktìks=
 Arètur`s fk i` eìlt` er`jkì,

 X`ràiosos aèoì tr`jsotlro`
 F`ðl jkurliõnoel skvkrl erõjoel
C`tkrj`s=
 Vrùc` lbstïtroel.
 Udleg doplvliïcoel.
 Ruptur` utkroj` quk `ckrotk Dostkrketlcã` Lbstïtroe`.

Ièkrèoljks ì e`jì fki p`rtl.
??

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Ojsuaoeokjeo` fki ksaãjtkr `jì.

`jì.
X@RVL KJ XRKUKJV@EOÕJ XLFÀIOE@=
Eljsostk kj i` kxtrèeoõj c`juì fki aktl plr vã` v`nojì quk prkskjt`
su pkivos kj forkeeoõj ` i` pkivos fk i` c`frk.
I` nr`j c`ylrã` fk ils tr`b`mls fk p`rtl kj prkskjtèoõj plfàioe`, slj

ojtkrvkjofls quorýrnoe`ckjtk plr eksàrk` fkbofl ì nr`j roksnl fk
rktkjeoõj fk e`bkz` quk kstls pukfkj prkskjt`r.
Uk f` kj 5% ` 6% fki tltì fk p`rtls, 2;%-58% `jtks fk i`s 24
skc`j`s y u>% ` i`s 52 skc`j`s.
AON.4> (X`rtl kj plfàioe`)
088

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU AKV@IKU X@R@ KI X@RVL XKIQO@JL
 Xrli`psl fki elrfõj ucboioeì.

 Vrùc` aktì.
 @saoxo` aktì.
 F`ðl fk õrn`jls `bflcojìks
 Arètur` fk eukiil.
AON.44 (C`jolbr`s kj i` `tkjeoõj fki p`rtl kj plfàioe`)
U[AROCOKJVL AKV@I @N[FL
Ki suarocokjtl aktì `nufl (UA@), l fostrks aktì, ks uj tïrcojl quk sk us` kj lbstktroeo` p`r` rkakrorsk ` uj
kst`fl quk ìtkr` i` aosolilnã` aktì `jtks l fur`jtk ki p`rtl, fk tì clfl quk ks prlb`bik su cukrtk l i` `p`roeoõj
fk iksoljks pkrc`jkjtks kj uj pkrãlfl rki`tov`ckjtk brkvk.
Kj nkjkrì, ki UA@ ks eùs`f` plr=
 @itkrèoljks c`tkrj`s= [j fïaoeot fk lxãnkjl skeujf`rol projeopìckjtk ` ojsuaoeokjeo` kj i` eoreuièoõj

ýtkrl-pièkjt`ro`.
 Elcprksoõj fki elrfõj ucboioeì
 Elcpioeèoljks aktìks elcl i` skpsos (ojakeeoõj) l i`s dkclrr`no`s.
Ils sonjls y sãjtlc`s fk suarocokjtl aktì ojeiuykj=
 Foscojueoõj fki clvocokjtl aktì skjtofl plr i` c`frk.

 I` `p`roeoõj fk ckeljol (fkplsoeoõj
(fkplsoeoõj fki aktl) kj ki iãquofl `cjoõtoel.
 [j ùckjtl l foscojueoõj fk i` arkeukjeo` e`rfoè` aktì (t`quoe`rfo` l br`foe`rfo`), kspkeoìckjtk
fur`jtk y fkspuïs fk uj` eljtrèeoõj utkroj`.
 Foscojueoõj fk i` v`ro`boiof`f fk i` arkeukjeo` e`rfãè` aktì.
 @itkrèoljks bolquãcoe`s fki aktl e`pt`f`s ` tr`vïs fk kxàckjks fk s`jnrk plstkrolr ` su jèocokjtl.
VR@V@COKJVL FKI U[AROCOKJVL AKV@I @N[FL

I`s ckfof`s quk ojerkckjt`ràj fk uj` alrc` ojforket` i` lxonkjèoõj aktì slj i`s sonuokjtks=
080

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Elrrknor i` dopltkjsoõj c`tkrj`.

 Xlsoeolj`r ` i` nkst`jtk slbrk su elst`fl.
 @fcojostr`r aiuofls ràpof`ckjtk ` i` pèokjtk.
 @uckjt`r ki vliuckj s`jnuãjkl eoreui`tlrol kaketovl kj i` eoreuièoõj c`tkrjl pièkjt`ro`.
 @fcojostr`r aiuofls ojtr`vkjlsls ràpof`ckjtk ` i` c`frk.
 Elrrknor euìquokr kst`fl eoreui`tlrol `jlrcì kj i` c`frk (aìi` e`rfoè`, sdleg, kte.)
 @fcojostr`r tkr`po` dopkrõxoe`, i` euì auk fkserot` `jtkrolrckjtk.
 @elrt`r ki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
Vr`t`cokjtl quorýrnoel=
Uo i`s ckfof`s `jtkrolrks jl prlfuekj ckmlrã` fk i`s eljfoeoljks fki aktl sk fkbk eljsofkr`r quk ïstk sk
kjeukjtr` kj roksnl kxtrkcl fkjtrl fki ckfol `cbokjtk ojtrùtkrojl, plr il quk fkbk fk skr kxtr`ãfl kj alrc`
ojckfo`t` plr i` vã` càs kxpkfotov`, y` sk` v`nojì l `bflcojì.
;.;.- -Ocplrt`jeo` fki VKJU kj ki p`rtl, kj ki eljtkxtl fki Xrlnr`c` fk Uìuf fk i` Cumkr.
I` ocplrt`jeo` y i` p`rtoeopèoõõjj fki VKJU kj i` `tkjeoõj fki p`rtl kutõeoel y fostõeoel fk i` pèokjtk
lbstïtroe` r`foe` kj=
 Eli`blrèoõj forket` elj i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` y cïfoel Lbstktr` kj i` kvìuèoõj fk i` pèokjtk kj ki

Ukrvoeol fk urnkjeo` fk c`tkrjof`f.
 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks y prkp`rèoõj aãsoe` fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` prkvol ì ojnrksl ` prkp`rtls l
p`bkiiõj
 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj ki eljtrli lbstïtroel y prlekfocokjtls prlpols fk i` pèokjtk kj
sì` fk prkp`rtls elcl slj= `skl y eljalrt, tètl v`nojì y cljotlrozèoõj.
 Vr`si`fl fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` ` sì` fk p`rtls y p`bkiiõj lbstïtroel.
 Eli`blrèoõj ètov` elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` y cïfoel lbstktr` kj i` fojàcoe` fki p`rtl kutõeoel.
 X`rtoeopèoõj kj ki kquopl fk p`bkiiõj p`r` eksàrk` kj e`sl fk tkjkr i` kspkeoìof`f fk ojstruckjtost`
quorýrnoe`.
 @tkjeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl kj sì` fk p`rtls l p`bkiiõj y plstkrolrckjtk kj ujof`f fk rkeoïj jèofl.
 Eli`blrèoõj forket` kj ki c`jkml kvkjtuì fk i` dkclrr`no` plst p`rtl y sdleg doplvliïcoel.
 Vr`si`fl fk pèokjtks ` sì` fk rkeupkrèoõj l pukrpkrol sknýj elrrkspljf`.
082

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
Ei`soaoe` ki topl fk p`rtl sknýj kf`f nkstèoljì y/l alrc` fk ojoeol=
0.-Uljo` I`r`, Dlspotì fk U`jt` Eruz, ks

ojtkrvkjof` ` i`s 56 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj
plr p`tlilnã` lbstïtroe`.
2.-C`rã` Ojïs Liov`rks, pèokjtk fk @jnkicõ,

p`rtl v`nojì ` i`s 54 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj
n kstèoõj
5.-Eiùfo` Dkrjàjfkz, pèokjtk proconkst`,

sk `fcojostr` nltkl elj lxotleoj` p`r`
èkikr`r ki p`rtl.
@EVOQOF@F J¸2
UKIKEEOLJ@ I@ @IVKRJ@VOQ@ ELRRKEV@=

0.-[j` Xèokjtk elj 54 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj ks kvìu`f` plr c`trlj` fk
f k turjl. @i kxàckj lbstïtroel
prkskjt` foi`tèoõj fk eukiil utkrojl fk 1 ecs. y eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s ojtkjs`s, kstl elrrkspljfk `=
`) A`sk i`tkjtk

b) A`sk ètov`
e) A`sk fk fksèkikrèoõj
2.-I` foi`tèoõj elcpikt` fk kst` pèokjtk quk i` dèk kst`r prkp`r`f`

prkp`r`f ` p`r` ki kxpuisovl fk su doml kquovìk `=
`) 5 ecs
b) ; ecs
e) 08 ecs
085

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
5.-Elile` kj ils e`soiikrls ki lrfkj fk ils cke`joscls fki p`rtl quk `yuf`ràj ` kst` pèokjtk ì jèocokjtl
fk su doml.
086

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
FKU@RRLIIL
6.- Kj i` kvìuèoõj lbstïtroe` fk kst` pèokjtk sk `pioe`j c`jolbr`s lbstïtroe`s p`r` ki fo`njõstoel fk i`
plsoeoõj aktì y tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
0.- ¼Kj quï prkskjtèoõj sk kjeukjtr` ki aktl fk kst` pèokjtk<
R=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2- ¼Puï jlcbrk iikv`j i`s c`jolbr`s quk sk rkìoz`j

rk ìoz`j ` i` c`frk p`r`
ofkjtoaoe`r i`s p`rtks aktìks fkjtrl fki ýtkrl<
R=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
AON. 4? (prkskjtèoõj aktì)
;.- ¼Puï p`ràcktrls plfkcls ckfor elj kst`s c`jolbr`s<

@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ _ FKU@RRLIIL
@i dlspotì B`rrls Iuel èufk uj` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` elj kcb`r`zl fk tïrcojl, 28 `ðls, 0,;2 cts fk tìi`,
elj ojtkjs`s eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s. Ks kvìu`f` plr i` c`trlj` fk turjl quokj pìp` y lbskrv` sonjls fk
08;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
FKUXRLXLREOÕJ EKA@ILXÏIQOE@. [j` vkz eljaorc`fl ki fo`njõstoel plr ki cïfoel lbstktr` rksofkjtk,
ïstk fkeofk ojtkrvkjor fk alrc` ojckfo`t` rkìoz`jfl EKUÀRK@
EKUÀRK@
0.-¼Puï eùs`s sk pukfkj ckjeolj`r p`r` kst` fksprlplreoõj ekaìlpïivoe`<

R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.-Uknýj su ojfoeèoõj y i` ràpof` rksliueoõj quorýrnoe`, ¼eõcl sk ei`

ei`soaoe`
soaoe` kst` eksàrk`<
R=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.-Uo ` kst` pèokjtk fur`jtk i` ojtkrvkjeoõj quorýrnoe` ik rkìoz`j uj` ojeosoõj `bflcojì dlrozljtì, ¼eõcl
sk ii`c` kst` ojeosoõj<
R=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6.-¼Puï aètlrks pukfkj ojaiuor kj i` ojakeeoõj fk i` dkrof` lpkr`tlro` fk i` pèokjtk eks`roz`f`< Jlcbr` 5
aètlrks=
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 6
FKU@RRLIIL
C`roj` Burnls sk kjeukjtr` kj eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl kj uj EKUA@C, elj 5> skc`j`s fk kcb`r`zl. I`
prlaksoljì c`trlj` eljst`t` prkskjtèoõj fki aktl kj XLFÀIOE@, sokjfl fkrov`f` p`r` i` rksliueoõj fk su
p`rtl. Kvìu`f` plr kspkeoìost` sk fkeofk ojtkrvkjor plr eksàrk`.
¼Xlr quï r`zõj sk fkeofk ojtkrvkjor ` kst` pèokjtk<

p` eokjtk<
R=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
081

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
@EVOQOF@F J¸ ;
FKU@RRLIIL
Kj ki eljsuitlrol fk kspkeoìof`f A@R (aktl fk ìtl roksnl), sk rkìoz` cljotlrkl pkroõfoel ` F`joki` elj
kcb`r`zl fk 5; skc`j`s, Xrkkei`cpso`, prkskjt`jfl ìtkrèoljks ocplrt`jtks kj i` lxonkjèoõj fki aktl. Ki
kspkeoìost` kvìý` ` F`joki` y fkeofk ojtkrrupor ki p`rtl ` tr`vïs fk uj` eksàrk` fk urnkjeo` plr suarocokjtl
aktì `nufl (UA@).
0.- Jlcbr` 2 eùs`s quk pukfkj iikv`r ` kstk fo`njõstoel fk UA@.
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- Cokjtr`s i` pèokjtk kspkr` skr ojtkrvkjof`, ¼Puï ckfof`s plfkcls `pioe`r p`r` ckmlr`r i` lxonkjèoõj
aktì kj ki ýtkrl< Jlcbr` 2 ckfof`s.
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.- Jlcbr` èeoljks fki VKJU `jtks fk quk i` pèokjtk sk` ojtkrvkjof`, fur`jtk i` eksàrk` y ki plst lpkr`tlrol.
@.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
XRKLXKR@VLROL
B.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
08>
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
OJVR@LXKR@VLROL @.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
B.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
@.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
XLUV LXKR@VLROL
B.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
084

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
UOV[@EOÕJ 0= X@RVL XRKVÏRCOJL

UOV[@EOÕJ 2= X@RVL FK VÏRCOJL
UOV[@EOÕJ 5= X@RVL OJF[EOFL
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
Ukikeeolj` ìtkrj`tov` elrrket`=
0.- B (A@UK @EVOQ@)
2.- E (08 ecs).
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
5.-CKE@JOUCLU FKI X@RVL
FKUEKJUL ― AIKTOÕJ ― KJE@M@COKJVL - RLV@EOÕJ OJVKRJ@ ― KTVKJUOÕJ - RLV@EOÕJ KTVKRJ@

― KTX[IUOÕJ.
FKU@RLIIL
6.-Xrkskjtèoõj ekaàioe`.
;.-I`s c`jolbr`s fk Iklplif.
1.-Xrkskjtèoõ aktì, plsoeoõj aktì, sotuèoõj aktì, plstur` aktì.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
0.-
0) Ils foàcktrls fk i` pkivos sk`j rkfueofls

2) I` e`bkz` aktì cuy nr`jfk
5) Kxostkj fkaikxoljks l cì`s prkskjtèoljks aktìks quk ocpofkj ki kje`m`cokjtl `fkeu`fl fk i` e`bkz`.
2.-Eksàrk` fk [rnkjeo`.
5.-Uk fkjlcoj` sknckjtl @reoalrck (topl pa`jjkjstoki).
6.-
6.-
`) Fo`bktks ckiiotus, cìjutroeoõj, lbksof`f y ìeldlioscl.
08?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
b) Furèoõj fk eorunã`, c`tkroì fk sutur` y tïejoe` fk eokrrk.

e) Elrtoeltkr`po` prliljn`f`, `jkco` y r`foltkr`po`.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 6
FKU@RRLIIL
0.- I` nr`j c`ylrã` fk ils tr`b`mls fk p`rtl kj prkskjtèoõj plfàioe`, slj ojtkrvkjofls quorýrnoe`ckjtk plr
eksàrk` fkbofl ì nr`j roksnl fk rktkjeoõj fk
f k e`bkz` quk kstls pukfkj prkskjt`r.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ ;
FKU@RRLIIL
0.-
0.-
 @itkrèoljks c`tkrj`s= [j fïaoeot fk lxãnkjl skeujf`rol, fkbofl projeopìckjtk ` ojsuaoeokjeo` kj i`
eoreuièoõj ýtkrl-pièkjt`ro`
 Elcprksoõj fki elrfõj ucboioeì
ucboioeì
 Elcpioeèoljks aktìks elcl i` skpsos
skpsos (ojakeeoõj)
(ojakeeoõj) l i`s dkclrr`no`s
dkclrr`no`s..
2.- Xlfkcls `pioe`r i`s sonuokjtks ckfof`s= (sk pofkj 2)

 Elrrknor i` dopltkjsoõj c`tkrj`.

Xlsoeolj`r ` i` nkst`jtk slbrk su elst`fl
 @fcojostr`r aiuofls ràpof`ckjtk ` i` pèokjtk
 @uckjt`r ki vliuckj s`jnuãjkl eoreui`tlrol kaketovl kj i` eoreuièoõj c`tkrjlpièkjt`ro`.
 @fcojostr`r aiuofls ojtr`vkjlsls ràpof`ckjtk ` i` c`frk
 Elrrknor euìquokr kst`fl eoreui`tlrol `jlrcì kj i` c`frk (aìi` e`rfoè`, sdleg, kte.)
 @fcojostr`r tkr`po` dopkrõxoe`, i` euì auk fkserot` `jtkrolrckjtk.
 @elrt`r ki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
5.-@eeoljks fki VKJU=
XRKLXKR@VLROL=
 Eli`blrèoõj forket` elj i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` y cïfoel Lbstktr` kj i` kvìuèoõj fk i` pèokjtk kj ki
Ukrvoeol fk urnkjeo` fk c`tkrjof`f.

 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks y prkp`rèoõj aãsoe` fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` prkvol ì ojnrksl ` prkp`rtls
pr kp`rtls l
p`bkiiõj
 Eli`blrèoõj elj prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj ki eljtrli lbstïtroel y prlekfocokjtls prlpols fk i` pèokjtk kj
sì` fk prkp`rtls elcl slj= `skl y eljalrt, tètl v`nojì y cljotlrozèoõj.
OJVR@LXKR@VLROL=
008

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 X`rtoeopèoõj kj ki kquopl fk p`bkiiõj p`r` eksàrk` kj e`sl fk tkjkr i` kspkeoìof`f fk ojstruckjtost`

quorýrnoe`.
 @tkjeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl kj sì` fk p`rtls l p`bkiiõj y plstkrolrckjtk kj ujof`f fk rkeoïj jèofl.
XLUV-LXKR@VLROL=
 Eli`blrèoõj forket` kj ki c`jkml kvkjtuì fk i` dkclrr`no` plst p`rtl y sdleg doplvliïcoel.
 Vr`si`fl fk pèokjtks ` sì` fk rkeupkrèoõj l pukrpkrol sknýj elrrkspljf`.
000

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
Kt`p`s fki p`rtl
dttp=//www.plrtìksckfoels.elc/pubioeè
dttp=//www.plrtìksckfoels.elc/pubioeèoljks/`rtoeiks/?>1/0/A
oljks/`rtoeiks/?>1/0/Aosolilno`-y-eiojoe`-fk-ils-pkrolfls-fk-foi`t
osolilno`-y-eiojoe`-fk-ils-pkrolfls-fk-foi`tèolj-
èolj-
kxpuisolj-y-ìucbr`cokjtl-@pujtks-fk-Nojkelilno`-@pujtks-
Vr`b`ml fk p`rtl
dttp=//www.dnc.sìuf.nlb.cx/fkse`rn`s/p
dttp=//www.dnc.sìuf.nlb.cx/fkse`rn`s/pfa/`rk`\ckfoe`/nojkel/nuo`s
fa/`rk`\ckfoe`/nojkel/nuo`s\nojkel/0>\tr`b`ml\p`rtl.pfa
\nojkel/0>\tr`b`ml\p`rtl.pfa
Cke`joscl fki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl

dttps=//prlcl;>.aoikks.wlrfprkss.elc/280;/81/cke`joscls-fki-tr`b`ml-fk-p`rtl.pfa
s.wlrfprkss.elc/280;/81/cke`joscls-fki-tr`b`ml-fk-p`rtl.pfa
X`rtl fostõeoel - Eksàrk`
dttp=//ks.siofksd`rk.jkt/f`ronpìi`rks/eksrk`-tejoe`-quorrnoe`-08215;;1
X`rtl fostõeoel- aõrekps- p`rtl kj plfàioe`

dttp=//www.dnc.sìuf.nlb.cx/fkse`rn`s/p
dttp=//www.dnc.sìuf. nlb.cx/fkse`rn`s/pfa/`rk`\ckfoe`/nojkel/nuo`s
fa/`rk`\ckfoe`/nojkel/nuo`s\nojkel/04\alrekps\lbstktr
\nojkel/04\alrekps\lbstktroeo`.pfa
oeo`.pfa
Uuarocokjtl aktì `nufl

kseuki`.ckf.pue.ei//p`noj`s/pubioeèoljks/c`juìpkf/rj`saoxo`.dt
p`noj`s/pubioeèoljks/c`juìpkf/rj`saoxo`.dtci
ci
002

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
[jof`f fk `prkjfoz`mk 1
E`rètkroz`j, kj tïrcojls nkjkrìks, ki pukrpkrol, ofkjtoaoe`jfl sus plsobiks elcpioeèoljks y
rkikv`jfl ki rli k ocplrt`jeo` fki VKJU kj kstk.
1.0.- FKAOJOE OÕJ

FKAOJOEOÕJ
Ks ki pkrãlfl kj ki quk sk prlfuekj, tr`jsalrcèoljks
prlnrksov`s fk lrfkj `j`tõcoel y aujeoljì, quk dèkj
rknrks`r pùi`toj`ckjtk, tlf`s i`s clfoaoeèoljks
nr`vãfoe`s, kstl sk ilnr` ckfo`jtk uj prleksl
ojvliutovl, quk tokjk elcl aoj rkstotuor kst`s
clfoaoeèoljks ` su kst`fl prk nràvofl. Fkbkcls
fkstè`r quk slil i` niàjfui` c`c`ro` kxpkrockjt` uj
nr`j fks`rrliil.
Aon.?8 (Kt`p` fki pukrpkrol)
Kstk pkrãlfl sk kxtokjfk eljvkjeoljìckjtk fksfk i` aojìozèoõj fki pkrãlfl fk plst ìucbr`cokjtl (V. fk
p`rtl) d`st` 6;-18 fã`s fki pls p`rtl.
KV@X@U FKI X[KRXKROL

`) Xukrpkrol Ojckfo`tl= Elcprkjfk i`s prockr`s 26 Ds. y sk
pljkj kj muknl ils cke`joscls dkclstàtoels utkrojls.
b) Xukrpkrol Ckfo`tl l Xrlpo`ckjtk Foedl = @b`re` fki 2fl ì
08cl fã`, ètu`jfl ils cke`joscls ojvliutovls, y elcokjz` i`
ièt`jeo`.
e) Xukrpkrol @ikm`fl= Uk kxtokjfk `prlxoc`f`ckjtk d`st` ils
6; fã`s iuknl fki p`rtl, ki rktlrjl fk i` ckjstruèoõj ojfoe` su
aojìozèoõj.
f) Xukrpkrol V`rfãl= Xukfk iikn`r d`st` ils 1 cksks pls p`rtl
y sk èlcp`ð` fk uj` ièt`jeo` prliljn`f` y ètov`.
AON.?0 (Ojvliueoõj utkroj` kj i`s kt`p`s fki pukrpkrol)
AOUOLILNÃ@ _ EIÃJOE@
Xukrpkrol Ojckfo`tl= Kj kstk pkrãlfl ki ksaukrzl lrnàjoel, kstà fkstoj`fl ` ilnr`r i` Dkclst`so` [tkroj`.
Kj ki ìucbr`cokjtl, sk prlfuek ki fksprkjfocokjtl y kxpuisoõj fk i` pièkjt` y ckcbr`j`s lvui`rks,
qukf`jfl kj ki ýtkrl uj ikedl kspljmlsl elj v`sls s`jnr`jtks.
005

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
X`r` uj` kaoe`z dkclst`so` sk pljkj kj muknl 2 cke`joscls=
I` rktrètoiof`f= Akjõckjl pkrc`jkjtk y p`sovl quk eljsostk kj uj èlrt`cokjtl fkaojotovl fk i` aobr` cuseui`r
utkroj`.
I` eljtrètoiof`f= Akjõckjl ojtkrcotkjtk y ètovl, quk eljsostk kj ki èlrt`cokjtl tkcplr`rol fk i` aobr`
cuseui`r utkroj`.
AON.?2 (E`cbol kj ki t`c`ðl y alrc` fki ýtkrl fkspuïs fki p`rtl. @, ýtkrl fkspuïs fki p`rtl. B, ýtkrl kj ki
skxtl fã`. E, ýtkrl jl nràvofl.)
Xukrpkrol ckfo`tl= Fur`jtk kstk pkrãlfl sk pljkj kj muknl cke`joscls ojvliutovls p`r` rkeupkr`r i`s
e`rètkrãstoe`s ojoeoìks fki ýtkrl.
@p`r`tl nkjotì= I` e`vof`f utkroj` kstà eubokrt` plr

rkstls fk fkeofu` kspljmls` elj v`sls kse`s`ckjtk
s`jnr`jtks, ils ilquols (l s`jnr`fl nkjotì) kj ils
prockrls fã`s fk kstk pkrãlfl c`jtokjkj
e`rètkrãstoe`s dkcàtoe`s.
Xùi`toj`ckjtk ùckjt` ki eeljtkjofl
ljtkjofl skrlsl fk ils
ilquols, prlfuetl fki tr`jsuf`fl fk i` supkraoeok
kjflcktroì, ì eu`rtl l quojtl fã` ils ilquols sk
eljvokrtkj kj skrldkcàtoels, ils ilquols juje`
fkbkj prkskjt`r cì lilr. AON.?5 (Xukrpkrol ckfo`tl)
Kj ki colcktrol, i`s aobr`s cuseui`rks dopkrtrlao`f`s vukivkj ` su t`c`ðl jlrcì, kstl sk c`joaokst`
eiãjoe`ckjtk elj uj` foscojueoõj fk i` ìtur` utkroj` ` uj` vkileof`f fk 0 ― 2 ec. / fã`.
006

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Xukrpkrol ìkm`fl= Kj kstk pkrãlfl sk prlfuek i`

rkkpotkiozèoõj kjflcktroì. Ils ilquols fk skrldkcàtoels
p`s`j ` skr skrlsls y tokjfkj ` fks`p`rkekr dèo` i`
tkrekr` skc`j` pls p`rtl. Dèo` ki fã` 02, ki lroaoeol
ekrvoeì ojtkrjl sk fkbk kjeljtr`r tltìckjtk ekrr`fl. Kjtrk
ils fã`s 08 y 06, ki ýtkrl sk dèk ojtr`pïivoel ckfo`jtk ki
prleksl ojvliutovl colcktroì. Kjtrk ils 58 y 6; fã`s pukfk
rk`p`rkekr i` lvuièoõj y kj e`sl fk jl d`bkr akeujfèoõj
rk`p`rkek i` ckjstruèoõj.
AON.?6 (Xukrpkrol ìkm`fl)
Xukrpkrol t`rfãl= sk kxtokjfk fksfk ils 6; fã`s d`st` quk eljtojýk uj` ièt`jeo` prliljn`f` y ètov`, quk
pukfk kvot`r ki rktlrjl ì eoeil skxuì jlrcì.
@VKJEOÕJ FKI X[KRXKROL

I` elrrket` `tkjeoõj fki pukrpkrol eljsostk kj `pioe`r i`s ckfof`s jkeks`ro`s p`r` uj` `fkeu`f` kvliueoõj,
fktket`r aètlrks fk roksnl p`r` elcpioeèoljks y kmkeut`r i`s ckfof`s prlaoiàetoe`s jkeks`ro`s y so `p`rkekj
i`s cosc`s fo`njlstoe`ri`s prkelzckjtk p`r` uj `fkeu`fl tr`t`cokjtl.
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU FKI X[KRXKROL

Xukrpkrol ojckfo`tl= i` elcpioeèoõj càs tkcof` kj kstk pkrãlfl ks i` dkclrr`no`, sus aètlrks fk roksnl
slj=
 Cuitop`rof`f
 Kf`f c`ylr ` 5; `ðls
 Kcb`r`zl plel eljtrli`fl l jl eljtrli`fl
 Cèrlslcã` aktì, kcb`r`zl cýitopik
 Xliodofr`cjols
 El`nuilp`tã`
 Colc`tlsos utkroj`, eorunã`s utkroj`s prkvo`s
 X`rtl prkeopot`fl
 X`rtl ojstruckjtì
 Fostleo` fk dlcbrls
 @iucbr`cokjtl p`tliõnoel
 X`rtl flcoeoio`rol
Eljtrli Eiãjoel= iuknl fk kst`r 2 drs. kj i` sì` fk plst ìucbr`cokjtl i` pèokjtk p`s` ` i` sì` fk
pukrpkrol fljfk sk ik kaketu`rà fur`jtk kstk pkrãlfl,
pk rãlfl, 5 eljtrliks / fã`. Kj e`f` eljtrli sk kvìu`rà=
00;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
0. @j`cjksos= sk ik ojtkrrln`rà slbrk i` prkskjeo` fk sãjtlc`s rkièolj`fls l jl ì p`rtl.
2. Kx`ckj aãsoel=
Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks= Uk kvìu`rà arkeukjeo` e`rfoè`, puisl,

tkjsoõj `rtkroì, arkeukjeo` rkspor`tlro` y tkcpkr`tur`, tkjokjfl kj
eukjt` `qukii`s ìtkrèoljks aosoliõnoe`s y` kjujeo`f`s.
Xoki y cuels`s= Uk buse`rà tlfls ils sonjls rkièolj`fls elj i`

`jkco`.
ON. ?; (Xèokjtk puïrpkr` kj sì`)
`. @p`r`tl rkspor`tlrol y e`rfolv`seui`r= Uk buse`rà i` prkskjeo` fk sonjls rkièolj`fls ` p`tlilnã`s.

b. @bflckj= Uk buse`rà i` prkskjeo` fk pujtls flilrlsls, n`sks ojtkstojìks y sk pìp`rà ki ýtkrl ` tr`vïs
fk i` p`rkf `bflcojì. Uk kvìu`rà su uboeèoõj, t`c`ðl y eljsostkjeo`, so fukik l jl. Uk kvìu`rà i`
dkrof` quorýrnoe` kj e`sl fk eksàrk` `bflcojì .
e. Nkjotìks kxtkrjls= Uk kvìu`rà ils ilquols, e`jtof`f, elilr y lilr,

sk eljtrli`rà i` vuiv`, ki pkrojï y i` kposolrrào` (elrtk pkrojkì
kaketu`fl kj ki p`rtl v`nojì p`r` `yuf`r ` i` sìof` fki aktl)
f. Cokcbrls ojakrolrks= Uk kvìu`rà i` prkskjeo` fk kfkc`s y v`roeks,

sk buse`ràj sonjls `sleo`fls ` trlcblsos vkjls` prlaujf`.
AON. ?1 (Kposolrrào`)
k. Eljtrli fk i` vã` uroj`ro`= I` pèokjtk fkbkrà lroj`r `jtks
` jtks fk i`s 02 drs. fk euicoj`fl ki tr`b`ml fk
p`rtl. Kj e`sl fk quk jl il d`n` kspljtàjk`ckjtk, sk i` ojvot`rà ` ikv`jt`rsk k ojtkjt`r i` coeeoõj plr sã
sli`, so jl il dèk sk kvìu`rà i` prkskjeo` fk uj nilbl vksoeì l iksoljks p`rùrktrkìks y skrà
skrà
jkeks`rol elile`r uj` sljf` vksoeì c`jtkjokjfl i`s jlrc`s fk `skpso`. Kj pèokjtks `jkstkso`f`s i`
pïrfof` fk skjsoboiof`f pukfk le`solj`r quk jl sokjt` fkskl coeeoljì, kj ksls e`sls sk sunkrorà i`
coeeoõj ùjquk jl sokjt` fkskls fk dèkril.
Kj i`s prockr`s 26 drs. jl ks jkeks`rol quk i` pèokjtk kvèuk sus ojtkstojls.
5. I`blr`tlrol= Uk slioeot`j kj e`sl jkeks`rol.
001

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
6. Ojfoeèoljks tkr`pïutoe`s=
`. [tkrlrrktrètlrks=
Kmkcpil= Lxotõeoels= kstà ojfoe`fl

ojfoe`fl kj i` c`ylrã` fk i`s pèokjtks puïrpkr`s p`r` i` prkvkjeoõj y eljtrli fk i`
dkclrr`no` plst p`rtl.
b. @jtoboltoeltkr`po`= Uk ojfoe`rà ki usl fk `jtoboõtoels kj pèokjtks elj kposolrrào`, eksàrk` `bflcojì y
aètlrks fk roksnl p`r` ojakeeoõj. V`cboïj sk pukfk ojfoe`r kj alrc` prkvkjtov`
e. @jìnkso`= kj e`sl fk eksàrk` `bflcojì l kposolrrào` sk ojfoe`rà `jìnkso`
` jìnkso` rkni`f` i`s prockr`s 26
drs., ojyket`bik y iuknl vã` lrì.
E[OF@FLU FK KJAKRCKRÃ@ KJ KI X[KRXKROL
Xukrpkrol ojckfo`tl
`) Donokjk pkrojkì= @skl nkjotì arkeukjtk, y kj e`sl jkeks`rol,

projeopìckjtk i`s prockr`s 26 dlr`s.
b) Donokjk elrplrì= Jl kstà eljtròjfoe`f` i` fued` kj i`s
prockr`s 26 drs. fki pukrpkrol.
e) Fokt`= Uk sunkrorà uj` fokt` iãquof` l iovo`j` elj ìockjtls quk
`yufkj ` i` kvèuèoõj ojtkstojì. AON.?> (@tkjeoõj fki pukrpkrol)
f) Kmkreoeols= Uk èljskm`rà i` clvoiozèoõj y fk`cbuièoõj prkelz,
sk kvot`rà elj kst` ckfof` i` kst`sos eoreui`tlro` quk prkfospljkj ` i`s trlcblaikbotos, a`vlrkekrà i`
kiocojèoõj fk ilquols y aèoiot`rà i` prljt` rkeupkrèoõj fk i` puïrpkr`. Kj e`sls fk eksàrk` `bflcojì sk
sonukj i`s ojfoeèoljks prlpo`s fk ils plst lpkr`tlrols.
Xukrpkrol ckfo`tl=
Fur`jtk ils prockrls

plstkrolrckjtk y kj kifã`s fk kstkìkm`fl
pukrpkrol pkrãlfliìèlcpioeèoõj
elcpioeèoõjprkflcoj`jtk
càs arkeukjtk
sljsonuk sokjfl i` dkclrr`no`,
dkclrr `no`,
i`s ojakeeoljks.
Eljtrli eiãjoel=
X`s`f` i`s prockr`s 26 drs. i` pèokjtk fkbk eljtoju`r dlspotìoz`f` 26 drs. càs so auk p`rtl plr vã` v`nojì,
y 64 drs. so auk plr vã` `bflcojì.
Ki ýtkrl sknuorà ojvliueolj`jfl (foscojuykjfl fk t`c`ðl) ` uj` vkileof`f fk 0 õ 2 ecs / fã`.
Ojfoeèoljks ì ìt` cïfoe`=
Uk ojfoe`ràj elcl `jlrcìof`fks i` `p`roeoõj fk=

00>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Aokbrk
 Flilr kj p`jtlrroii`s
 @uckjtl l aktofkz fk ils ilquols
 Kposolrrào` kfkc`tls` l ss`jnr`jtk
`jnr`jtk
 Ýtkrl flilrlsl
 Dkrof` quorýrnoe` kjrlmkeof` l elj skerkeoljks
 @rkli`s y pkzõj flilrlsls l elj nrokt`s s`jnr`jtks.
E[OF@FLU KJ KI DLN@R
 @skl nkjotì 5 vkeks ì fã` l sknýj jkeksof`f elj `nu` elrrokjtk soj
`fotovls
 Rïnockj iovo`jl plr 0; fã`s, b`ml kj nr`s`s y ìockjtls
cktklroz`jtks.
 Rkplsl rki`tovl, `tkjeoõj kxeiusov` fki rkeoïj jèofl, kvot`r aukrz`
`bflcojì y usl fk a`m` fur`jtk ki fã`.
 Rkstotueoõj fk i` vof` skxuì ì cks fk puïrpkr` l eu`jfl i`
pèokjtk y p`rkm` sk sokjt`j kj eljfoeoljks
 Kmkreoeols `bflcojìks ì cks kj puïrpkr` fk p`rtl kutõeoel y ` ils
2 cksks fk puïrpkr` fk eksàrk`.
AON.?4 (Xukrpkrol kj ki dln`r)
1.2.-Ocplrt`jeo` fki vãjeuil @pknl c`frk-doml
Ki vãjeuil c`tkrjl ks cuy ocplrt`jtk, ojeiusl

cuedl càs fk il quk plfkcls oc`noj`r. Kstk
vãjeuil ks ki càs aukrtk y ks ki projeopì quk sk
kst`bikek kjtrk i` c`frk y ki joðl, i` eljsliofèoõj
fki coscl sk f` fk alrc` àketov` eu`jfl kxostk
uj` rkeoprleof`f fk `clr kjtrk `cbls. Ks ki
projeopì vãjeuil y ki càs ocplrt`jtk, fkbofl quk `
p`rtor fk ïstk, sk erk`j ils fkcàs vãjeuils quk `
auturl kst`bikekrà ki joðl elcl skr duc`jl.
AON.?? (@pknl c`tkrjl)
Ki clckjtl fk i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` ks uj` fk i`s alrc`s fk kst`bikeocokjtl fki `pknl, t`jtl plr ki eljtètl
aãsoel, i` vlz, i`s e`roeo`s, i`s cor`f`s, `sã elcl ki eljtètl kcleoljì.
Ksk skjtocokjtl fk `pknl, tokjk uj plfkrlsl kaketl tr`jquoioz`flr slbrk ki rkeoïj jèofl.
004

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
I`s prockr`s jleoljks quk tokjk ki rkeoïj jèofl slj fk e`ràetkr tàetoi , kiil dèk quk ki eljtètl poki `
poki kjtrk c`frk k doml sk` fk kxtr`lrfoj`ro` ocplrt`jeo` p`r` ki «`pknl·, ki rkeljleocokjtl cutul, ki
ojtkre`cbol àketovl kcleoljì y p`r` ki ïxotl fk i` ièt`jeo`.
ièt`jeo`.
00?
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Bkjkaoeols
Ks ocplrt`jtk quk ils p`frks skp`j euàiks slj ils bkjkaoeols quk plfkcls lbtkjkr fk uj `pknl sknurl `
ckfof` quk ils bkbïs sk v`j eljvortokjfl kj joðls càs c`ylrks=
-C`ylr e`pèof`f elnjotov`
-C`ylr ùtlkstoc`
-Fks`rrliil fk uj` ojfkpkjfkjeo` sìuf`bik

-Ckmlr` i` rkièoõj elj sus onuìks (` ckfof` quk erkekj)
-Bukj`s rkièoljks a`coio`rks
-C`ylr e`pèof`f fk kcp`tã` elj ils fkcàs AON.088 (Bkjkaoeols fki `pknl c`tkrjl)
1.5.-Ièt`jeo` C`tkrj`
I` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` ks i` alrc` fk ìockjtèoõj quk

eljtrobuyk elj c`ylr kaketovof`f ì fks`rrliil aãsoel y
ckjtì fki joðl, prlplreoljàjflik jutrokjtks kj
eìof`f y e`jtof`f `fkeu`f`s.
Uk rkelcokjf` quk ki joðl rkeob` ikedk c`tkrj` kj

alrc` kxeiusov` fur`jtk ils prockrls skos cksks fk
vof` y quk eljstotuy` p`rtk ocplrt`jtk fk i`
ìockjtèoõj d`st` ils fls `ðls.
AON.080 (Ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`)
I`s eurv`s fk erkeocokjtl eljakeeolj`f`s ` p`rtor fki pksl y tìi` fk joðls ìockjt`fls elj ikedk c`tkrj`
kxeiusov` ils prockrls skos cksks fk vof`, cukstr`j uj erkeocokjtl supkrolr ì fk i`s fk rkakrkjeo` b`s`f`s
kj ils pksls fk joðls elj ièt`jeo` coxt` l `rtoaoeoì.
AOUOLILNÃ@ FK I@ I@EV@JEO@ C@VKRJ@
Ojaiukjeo`s dlrcljìks
Fksfk ki eu`rtl cks fk kcb`r`zl sk elckjz`ràj ` prlfueor

dlrclj`s quk kstocui`j ki erkeocokjtl fki sostkc` fk
eljfuetls fk i` ikedk kj i`s c`c`s=
AON.082 (@j`tlcã` c`c`ro`)
028

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
I`s projeopìks dlrclj`s ojaiuykjtks slj i` prlnkstkrlj`, ils ils kstrõnkjls y ki iètõnkjl pièkjt`rol
duc`jl (IXD). Kst`s dlrclj`s slj i`s rkspljs`biks fki erkeocokjtl fki t`c`ðl fk ils ìvklils, iõbuils,
`rïli` y pkzõj. Ils jovkiks fk kst`s dlrclj`s foscojuykj fkspuïs fki p`rtl, il euì fkskje`fkj` ki ojoeol fk
i` prlfueeoõj fk ikedk `bujf`jtk. Ki jovki fk kstrõnkjls sonuk sokjfl b`ml fur`jtk ils prockrls cksks fk
ièt`jeo` plr il quk sk rkelcokjf` ` i`s c`frks kvot`r cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls ` b`sk fk kstrõnkjls, pukstl
quk pukfk foscojuor ki sucojostrl fk ikedk.
Ltr`s dlrclj`s quk t`cboïj slj rkspljs`biks fki fks`rrliil fk i`s c`c`s slj= dlrclj`
aliãeuilkstocui`jtk
fur`jtk (DAK),
ki kcb`r`zl). dlrclj`
Fkspuïs ils jovkiks(DI),
iutkojoz`jtk
fki p`rtl prliètoj`
fk DAK (ojerkckjt`
y DI b`m`j pkrl ilskijovkiks
t`c`ðlfkfkprliètoj`
ils ìvklils
sk
i` lxotleoj` (quk sk prlfuek fur`jtk ki p`rtl y eu`jfl ki bkbï c`c`), ks i`
ojerkckjt`j. Ltr` dlrclj`, i`
rkspljs`bik fk i` kykeeoõj fk i` ikedk. Ltr`s dlrclj`s, kspkeoìckjtk i` ojsuioj`, i` torlxoj` y elrtosli kstàj
ojvliuer`f`s t`cboïj, pkrl sus aujeoljks `ýj jl kstàj bokj elcprkjfof`s.
Kj ki quojtl l skxtl cks fk kcb`r`zl, I`s c`c`s kstàj iost`s p`r` i` prlfueeoõj fk ikedk (ùjquk t`cboïj
ks plsobik ojfueor i` ièt`jeo` soj kcb`r`zl).
Iètlnïjksos O
Dèo` ki aojì fki kcb`r`zl ils pkedls kjtr`ràj kj

i` a`sk O fk iètlnïjksos. Kstl ks eu`jfl ils
pkedls prlfuekj eìlstrl, uj iãquofl kspksl, `
vkeks `c`roiikjtl.
AON.085 (E`cbols kj i`s c`c`s fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl)
Iètlnïjksos OO
Fkspuïs fk i` kxpuisoõj fk i` pièkjt` ils jovkiks fk

prliètoj` sk c`jtokjkj ìtls, cokjtr`s quk e`kj ils
jovkiks fk prlnkstkrlj`, kstrõnkjl y IXD. Kst`
rktor`f` bruse` fk i` prlnkstkrlj` kj i` prkskjeo` fk
jovkiks ìtls fk prliètoj` kstocui` i` prlfueeoõj fk
ikedk `bujf`jtk. Uukik leurror ìrkfkflr fk 58-68
58 -68
dlr`s fkspuïs fki p`rtl. Uoj kcb`rnl, i`s cumkrks
jl sukikj kcpkz`r ` skjtor i` skjsèoõj fk pikjotuf
fk ikedk d`st` ils 2-5 fã`s fkspuïs.
AON.086 (Iètlnïjksos OO)

020

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Iètlnïjksos OOO
Eu`jfl i` prlfueeoõj fk ikedk ks càs sõiof`, ïst` eljtoju`rà fkbofl ` uj sostkc` fk eljtrli. Ks fkeor,
cokjtr`s eljtojýkj i`s tlc`s fk ikedk plr
p`rtk fki rkeoïj jèofl i` c`frk eljtoju`rà
prlfueokjfl càs.
Fur`jtk kst` kt`p`, eu`jt`s càs tlc`s d`n`

ki bkbï, c`ylr skrà i` fk ikedk c`tkrj`.
Kstufols slbrk kstk tkc` t`cboïj sunokrkj
quk eu`jtl càs sk ’vèãkj– ils pkedls
(ùjquk ils pkedls juje` iikn`j ` vèo`rsk
elcpikt`ckjtk) càs ùckjt`rà i` prlfueeoõj
fk ikedk. Kstl sk erkk quk ks fkbofl ` fls
aètlrks=
AON.08; (Cke`joscl fk kykeeoõj fk ikedk c`tkrj`

plr kstocuièoõj fk i` sueeoõj)
I` ikedk eljtokjk uj` prltkãj` pkqukð` ii`c`f` Aètlr Ojdoboflr fk i` Ièt`jeo` (AOI). Ki p`pki fki AOI,
p`rkek skr, quk ks rkfueor i` sãjtksos fk ikedk eu`jfl ki pkedl kstà iikjl.
Kj rksuckj, eu`jtl càs iikjl fk ikedk kstï ki pkedl càs ikjt` skrà i` prlfueeoõj fk i` ikedk. Xlr ltrl i`fl,
eu`jtl càs vèãl kstï ki pkedl i` prlfueeoõj fk i` ikedk skrà càs ràpof`.
Xlr ksl ks kskjeoì quk, slbrk tlfl fur`jtk i`s prockr`s fls skc`j`s, elile`r ki bkbï ì pkedl il càs
arkeukjtk plsobik (uj`s 4 ` 02 tlc`s kj 26 drs.). Uo ki bkbï, plr euìquokr cltovl, ks oje`p`z fk c`c`r t`j `
ckjufl, sk rkelckjf`rã` i` kxtrèeoõj fk ikedk ckfo`jtk uj sèìkedks l ` c`jl.
BKJKAOEOLU FK I@ I@EV@JEO@ C@VKRJ@ X@R@ KI JOÐL
I` ikedk c`tkrj` d` sofl fkaojof` elcl uj aiuofl bolètovl quk pkrcotk ` ils joðls `sã ìockjt`fls=
 Vkjkr ckjlr roksnl fk eljtr`kr kjakrckf`fks ojakeeols`s y prkskjt`r ckjlr ojeofkjeo` y skvkrof`f fk
ïst`s.
 I` ikedk duc`j`, `fkcàs fk f`r ojcujof`f p`sov` ì joðl, èkikr` i` c`furèoõj fk sus õrn`jls y
sostkc` ojcujliõnoel.
 Ils joðls `c`c`jt`fls tokjkj uj ckmlr fks`rrliil fk ils `rels fkjtìks, pì`f`r y ltr`s kstruetur`s
aèoìks y prkskjt`j uj` ojeofkjeo` ckjlr fk e`roks quk ils joðls quk rkeobkj c`c`fkr`.
 Uk d` lbskrv`fl quk
qu k ils joðls `c`c`jt`fls slj càs ètovls, prkskjt`j uj ckmlr fks`rrliil psoelcltlr
y ckmlr e`pèof`f fk `prkjfoz`mk.
 V`cboïj sk d` fkclstr`fl quk joðls prkc`turls ìockjt`fls elj ikedk c`tkrj` tokjkj uj elkaoeokjtk
ojtkiketuì, ckfofl ` ils ledl `ðls, sonjoaoe`tov`ckjtk supkrolr ` ils quk jl rkeobokrlj ikedk c`tkrj`.
022

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Ojvkstonèoljks rkeokjtks cukstr`j uj` c`ylr `nufkz` vosuì kjtrk ils joðls quk aukrlj `c`c`jt`fls
elcp`r`fls elj ils ìockjt`fls elj aõrcui`.
 @i `c`c`jt`r, ki eljtètl poki ` poki a`vlrkek ki `pknl y kstocui` i` erkèoõj fk vãjeuils fk `clr y
sknurof`f kjtrk i` c`frk y ki joðl, pkrcotokjfl quk ïstk àorck su prkskjeo` elcl pkrslj` ` tr`vïs fk i`
ojtkrèeoõj elj su c`frk.
BKJKAOEOLU X@R@ I@ C@FRK
 I` sueeoõj fk i` c`c` ojckfo`t`ckjtk fkspuïs

fki p`rtl rkfuek kj i` c`frk ki roksnl fk i`
dkclrr`no`,
quk a`vlrkeky kstocui`
i` sìofì` yskerkeoõj
ki aiuml fk
fk lxotleoj`,
i` ikedk ily
rktrèeoõj fki ýtkrl.
 I` ièt`jeo` prlfuek e`cbols ckt`bõioels kj i`
cumkr quk ik `yuf`j ` `prlvked`r ckmlr ils
ìockjtls quk ojnokrk.
AON.081 (Bkjkaoeols fk i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`)
 Uk `sleo` elj uj ckjlr roksnl fk eàjekr fk lv`rol, fk kjflcktrol y c`c`rol kj i` prkckjlpùso`.

 I` ièt`jeo` ks ujl fk ils cïtlfls càs kaketovls p`r` kspèo`r ils kcb`r`zls.
 I` `ckjlrrk` fk i` ièt`jeo` kxeiusov` larkek uj` prltkeeoõj fk uj ??% eljtr` uj jukvl kcb`r`zl fur`jtk
ils prockrls skos cksks.
 I` ièt`jeo` pkrcotk uj ocplrt`jtk `dlrrl fk rkeursls ` jovki a`coio`r y fk i` sleokf`f.

A`vlrkekrc`c`fkr`s
aõrcui`s, i` ièt`jeo`ysonjoaoe`,
pkrsljì.`fkcàs, `dlrrl fk rkeursls p`r` ils skrvoeols fk sìuf plr eljekptl fk
1.6.- -Xrlcleoõj y kfueèoõj p`r` a`vlrkekr i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`.
I` prlcleoõj y kfueèoõj fkbk f`rsk kj i`s sonuokjtks kt`p`s=
 XKRÃLFL XRKELJEKXEOLJ@I
 XKRÃLFL XRKJ@V@I
 XKRÃLFL XLUVX@RVL
 XLUV-X@RVL V@RFÃL L XKRÃLFL XLUVXKROJ@V@I
XKRÃLFL XRKELJEKXEOLJ@I=
Kj kstk pkrãlfl ks ocplrt`jtk rkalrz`r=

 I`s eljfoeoljks fk ero`jz` elcl i` ìockjtèoõj, i` kfueèoõj, ils euof`fls y àketl
quk rkeobk uj joðl(`), v`j fkaojokjfl sus pltkjeoìof`fks elcl auturls p`frks l
AON.08> (Kfueèoõj ièt`jeo`, pkrãlfl
c`frks.
prkeljekpeoljì)
025

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Kj ils muknls, ils joðls prkp`r`j sus rliks fk `fuitl, y kj sus rkièoljks kst`bikekj i`s b`sks fk i`
rkièoõj elj sus domls.
 Qosot`r ` ils a`coio`rks kj prleksl fk ièt`jeo`, rkelrf`r i`s p`rtoeui`rof`fks fk i` ièt`jeo` fk e`f` ujl
fk ils domls/`s y slbrojls, l
 Xrlclvkr quk i`s cuðke`s tlckj pkedl kj ki muknl fki p`pà y i` c`cà, pukfkj skr eljfuet`s quk
pkrcotkj ` ils joðls or fks`rrlii`jfl uj` plstur` arkjtk ` i` ièt`jeo`.
 I` prlcleoõj fk uj` nkstèoõj fksk`f` y pi`joaoe`f`, fkbk kst`r kj i` `nkjf` fk kfue`flrks y
prlaksoljìks fk i` sìuf.
XKRÃLFL XRKJ@V@I

Fur`jtk i` nkstèoõj
soeliõnoe`ckjtk p`rì``c`c`jt`r
c`frk fkbk` prkp`r`rsk
su doml.

 Lrokjt`r slbrk ils euof`fls fki kst`fl
jutroeoljì.

 Kj kstk pkrãlfl, kii` kstà kxtr`lrfoj`ro`ckjtk
rkekptov` ` tlfl il quk sk` kj a`vlr fk f`r `
su doml uj` ckmlr `tkjeoõj. AON.084 (Kfueèoõj ièt`jeo` pkrãlfl prkj`tì)

 Ils eljleocokjtls sk pukfkj kjtrkn`r kj
alrc` skjeoii` y pràetoe`.

 Ils eljskmls y rkelckjfèoljks fkbkj f`rsk fk èukrfl ` i`s eljfoeoljks kspkeãaoe`s fk i` c`frk=
proconkst`, cuitãp`r`, kxpkrokjeo` `jtkrolr slbrk ièt`jeo`, ètotufks, erkkjeo`s, eljleocokjtls,
eoreujst`jeo`s sleoìks, t`býks, dàbotls y pràetoe`s ìockjt`ro`s kj i` a`coio`, prkakrkjeo`s, `vkrsoljks, kte.

 Ks jkeks`rol quk tlf` cumkr lbskrvk y rkeljlze` clfoaoeèoljks kj i` alrc`, t`c`ðl, elilr y tkxtur` fk


i`
Kspoki, pkzljks fk
ki clckjtl y `rkli`, `p`roeoõj
`sknur`r fk i`squk
` i` c`frk niàjfui`s fk fk
ki t`c`ðl Cljtnlckry,
ils pkedlsc`ylr
jl tokjkskjsoboiof`f fk i`
rkièoõj elj ilse`pèof`f
pkedls, kte.
fk
prlfueor ikedk, quk i` ièt`jeo` jl fkalrc` ils pkedls y quk plr ki eljtr`rol, uj `c`c`jt`cokjtl kaoeokjtk,
pkrcotk quk ïstls sk vèãkj lplrtuj`ckjtk, kvot`jfl roksnls fk eljnkstoõj y c`stotos, `fkcàs fk kiocoj`r
i` nr`s` fk rkskrv` quk sk d`bã` èucui`fl kj ki pkrãlfl fk kcb`r`zl. [toioz`r c`tkroì fk `plyl p`r`
`sã lbskrv`r plsobiks e`cbols (iàcoj`s, clfkils fk c`c`s, kte.).

 Rkalrz`r ` i` c`frk i`s vkjt`m`s fk i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` t`jtl p`r` kii` y su doml.

 Ki euof`fl fk ils pkedls sk rkaokrk ì `skl d`botuì fk i` c`frk, ` i` `fkeuèoõj fki t`c`ðl y alrc` fki
slstïj ` ckfof` quk ïstls ùckjt`j fk t`c`ðl.

 Ks eljvkjokjtk ojsostor kj quk jl kstà ojfoe`fl us`r m`bljks, erkc`s l ileoljks slbrk i` `rkli` y ki pkzõj,
plrquk ojtkraokrkj elj i` iubroeèoõj j`turì fk i`s niàjfui`s fk Cljtnlckry.

 I` c`jopuièoõj fk ils pkzljks pukfk prlvle`r eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s plr uj cke`joscl jkurl-rkaikml.

 Ojelrplr`r ì p`frk kj i` prkp`rèoõj prkj`tì.
026

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
XKRÃLFL XLUVX@RVL

 Fkspuïs fki p`rtl sk ojtkjsoaoe`j kj ki joðl ils rkaikmls fk býsqukf` fki pkzõj y fk sueeoõj, y kj i` c`frk
sk fkskje`fkj` ki rkaikml fk lxotleoj` p`r` kxpuis`r i` pièkjt`, eljtr`kr i`s p`rkfks utkroj`s y prltruor ki
pkzõj y ki eljl `rkli`r p`r`
p` r` aèoiot`r ki èlpi`cokjtl fk i` ble` fki joðl kj i` prockr` c`c`f`.
AON.08? (Ièt`jeo`, pkrãlfl plst p`rtl)
 Uo fkspuïs fk jèkr ks fkm`fl slbrk ki `bflckj fk su c`frk, ki ojtkjsl rkaikml fk býsqukf` fki pkzõj,
dèk quk ki joðl ètýk ojstojtov`ckjtk buse`jfl ki pkedl so sk ils fkm` tr`jquoils fur`jtk càs l ckjls
68 cojutls.
 I` c`frk skjtorà ki kaketl fk i` sueeoõj kj i`s eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s (kjtukrtls). Ks ki clckjtl p`r`
rkelrf`rik i` ocplrt`jeo` fk kst`s prockr`s c`c`f`s p`r` kstocui`r i` skerkeoõj fk lxotleoj` y fk
prliètoj` y i` ojoeoèoõj fk i` ièt`jeo`.
 Kj ils jèocokjtls plr eksàrk`, i`s c`frks kstàj ckjls prkp`r`f`s aosoliõnoe`ckjtk p`r` vovor ki
plstp`rtl (ì onuì quk kj i`s ojfueeoljks), y tokjkj ckjls plsoboiof`fks fk `tkjfkr ì rkeoïj jèofl. Ki
joðl pukfk tkjkr càs prlbikc`s fk `f`ptèoõj y i` ièt`jeo` rkt`rf`rsk. Uokcprk sk pukfk y fkbk
prleur`rsk ki kjeukjtrl c`frk k doml. Kj i`s eksàrk`s sk pukfkj elile`r kj eljtètl poki ` poki, `yuf`r
iobkr`jfl i`s c`jls fk i` c`frk, k ojoeo`r i` ièt`jeo` il `jtks plsobik.
Uk rkelcokjf` rkalrz`r kj i` pèokjtk ils sonuokjtks pujtls=
 Xkedl iobrk fkc`jf` (e`f` vkz quk ki rkeoïj jèofl il slioeotk) fksfk ki prockr clckjtl.
 Xlsoeoljks fk kii` y fki joðl, ki èlpi`cokjtl ble`-pkedl, furèoõj y arkeukjeo` fk i`s c`c`f`s, i`
prkvkjeoõj fk i` eljnkstoõj fk ils pkedls.
 Ojsostor kj i` ocplrt`jeo` fki E@ILUVRL p`r` ki rkeoïj jèofl, `sknur`jfl ` i` c`frk quk ïstk sokcprk
ks `fkeu`fl kj e`jtof`f y eìof`f p`r` ki joðl, quk jl sk rkquokrk ltrl iãquofl l ìockjtl, y quk ki joðl
fkbk c`c`r arkeukjtkckjtk i`s prockr`s 64 dlr`s p`r` kxtr`kr tlfl ki eìlstrl quk d` prkp`r`fl i`
niàjfui` c`c`ro` p`r` ksls prockrls fã`s.
02;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
XLUV-X@RVL V@RFÃL L XKRÃLFL XLUVXKROJ@V@I
 I` ’b`m`f` fk i` ikedk–= ks uj` sotuèoõj quk d`y quk

`fvkrtãrski`, y` quk i` b`m`f` fk i` ikedk pukfk fkclr`rsk
d`st` 6 ` ; fã`s.
f ã`s.
 Xlr il nkjkrì i` c`frk quk `c`c`jt` arkeukjtkckjtk (e`f`
2 ` 20/2 dlr`s) kj ils prockrls 2 ` 5 fã`s, jl jlt` i` b`m`f` fk
i` ikedk y jl tokjk roksnl fk eljnkstoõj fk ils pkedls.
AON.008 (Ièt`jeo` plst p`rtl
t`
t`rf
rfãl
ãl
 I` arkeukjeo` fk i`s c`c`f`s kst`rà fk èukrfl ` i`s jkeksof`fks
j keksof`fks fk erkeocokjtl fki joðl, sokjfl v`ro`bik
kj ils fostojtls pkrãlfls.
 Il ocplrt`jtk ks jl ojtrlfueor jojnýj ìockjtl, `nu`, jo edupktk fk kjtrktkjeoõj cokjtr`s sk tkjn` ki
prlpõsotl fk c`jtkjkr i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` kxeiusov`.
 [j` ièt`jeo` elrrket` eljsofkr` i` plsoeoõj `fkeu`f` fki joðl y fk i` c`frk, ki dlr`rol y i` arkeukjeo` fk
i`s c`c`f`s fk èukrfl ` i` fkc`jf`, cãjocl 1 vkeks kj ki fã` y ì ckjls uj` vkz kj i` jledk.
 @i kst`bikekrsk i` ièt`jeo`, i` furèoõj y arkeukjeo` fk i`s c`c`f`s foscojuyk.
 Rkelckjf`r ` i` c`frk i` ojnkst` fk iãquofls, 2 ` 5 iotrls ì fã`.
1.;.- -Rli fki Vïejoel y s`tosaèeoõj usu`ro`

Ki VKJU tokjk uj` ocplrt`jtk p`rtoeopèoõj kj i` prlcleoõj y kfueèoõj slbrk tïejoe`s fk ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`,
fkjtrl fk kii`s kstàj=
 Alckjtl fk i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` kj ki eljtrli prkj`tì.

 Lrokjtèoõj kj i` prkp`rèoõj fk i`s c`c`s y pkzljks ì p`rtl.
 @sostkjeo` kj i` tïejoe` elrrket` fk ièt`jeo` kj pèokjtk fk pukrpkrol ojckfo`tl y ckfo`tl.
 @sostkjeo` y kfueèoõj kj i` kxtrèeoõj fk ikedk c`tkrj`, projeopìckjtk kj c`frks elj rkeoïj jèofl
dlspotìoz`fl.
 Vlfl ki èlcp`ð`cokjtl kfue`tovl y tïejoel fki VKJU ` i` pèokjtk kj kt`p` prkj`tì y plstp`rtl
eljtrobuykj ` su s`tosaèeoõj usu`ro`.
021

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
Ei`soaoe` ki topl fk pukrpkrol ì quk elrrkspljfkj i`s sonuokjtks sotuèoljks=
UOV[@EOÕJ EIÃJOE@ VOXL FK X[KRXKROL

0.-C`rt` ks c`frk fk uj ièt`jtk fk ; cksks,
ètuìckjtk elj bukj` ièt`jeo`.
2.-Eiùfo`, ojnrks` ` sì` fksfk sì` fk p`rtls,
puïrpkr` fk p`rtl jlrcì.
5.-Ulaã` ks f`f` fk ìt` elj 5 fã`s fk puïrpkr` fk
eksàrk`
6.-X`troeo` èufk ì Eksa`c ì cks fk puïrpkr`
p`r` i` ojstìèoõj fk uj fosplsotovl ojtrùtkrojl.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
Iikn` fksfk p`bkiiõj, C`rosli _àðkz, puïrpkr` fk p`rtl kutõeoel, 54 `ðls fk kf`f, kj bukj kst`fl nkjkrì,
elj vã` vkjls` pkrck`bik, p`s`jfl sukrl rktrètlr y clvoioz`jfl kxtrkcof`fks ojakrolrks.
0.- I` elcpioeèoõj càs tkcof` kj kstk pkrãlfl ks= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

2.- I`s prockr`s dlr`s fk puïrpkr` fk C`rosli elrrkspljfkj ` uj topl fk pukrpkrol ii`c`fl=
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.- ¼Puï `jtkekfkjtk fk kst` pèokjtk jlcbr`fl kj ki e`sl ik pukfk eùs`r elcpioeèoljks fur`jtk su
pukrpkrol<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6.-@i rkeobor ` kst` pèokjtk kj sì` fksfk p`bkiiõj, jlcbr` 5 èeoljks quk `pioe`rã`s elcl VKJU kj ki
kx`ckj aãsoel fk i` pèokjtk.
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
02>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
;.- @ eljtojuèoõj sk jlcbr`j 5 ckfoe`ckjtls fk plsobik usl p`r` kst` pèokjtk puïrpkr`. Ckjeolj` kj quï
e`sls sk ojfoe`rã` ` kst` pèokjtk.
@J@INKUO@= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
LTOVÕEOELU= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
@JVOBOÕVOELU= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
1.-Elcpikt` kstk eu`frl elj ils euof`fls ` `pioe`r kj kst` pèokjtk puïrpkr`, kj i` dlspotìozèoõj y
plstkrolrckjtk kj ki dln`r. (6 euof`fls plr eliucj`)
E[OF@FLU FKI X[KRXKROL OJCKFO@VL E[OF@FLU KJ KI DLN@R (X[KRXKROL

CKFO@VL _ @IKM@FL)
0 0
2 2
5 5
6 6
>.-Vkjkcls quk kfue`r ` kst` pèokjtk slbrk ki eljekptl fk `pknl
`p knl c`tkrjl. Jlcbr` 5 bkjkaoeols quk
`plrt` kst` eljkxoõj c`frk k doml.
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
024

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J½ 5
FKU@RRLIIL
0.-Kj ki EKUA@C fk uj` elcuj` tokjks quk rkìoz`r uj` ujof`f kfue`tov` slbrk ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` ` uj nrupl
fk pèokjtks kcb`r`z`f`s. Kj uj` b`jfkm` d`y v`ro`s t`rmkt`s, e`f` uj` iikv` kserotl uj bkjkaoeol fk i`
ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`. Uk f` ` kiknor ` e`f` pèokjtk uj` t`rmkt` p`r` iuknl elckjt`ri` kj nrupl.
@ eljtojuèoõj sk prkskjt`j 4 t`rmkt`s, kj 6 fk kii`s kserobk bkjkaoeols fk i` ièt`jeo` p`r` i` c`frk y kj i`s
ltr`s 6 bkjkaoeols fk i` ièt`jeo` p`r` ki joðl.
02?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2.-Ckjeolj` quk ojalrcèoõj f`rã`s ` i`s c`frks fki nrupl elj rkspketl `=
[UL FK M@BLJKU C@JOX[I@EOÕJ FK

_ ILEOLJKU ILU XK]LJKU [UL FK RLX@
F[R@JVK KI OJVKROLR
KCB@R@]L
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------

-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
5.-Kj ki e`sl quk tuvokr` quk `tkjfkr ` uj` c`frk puïrpkr` rkeokjtk, dlspotìoz`f` plr p`rtl v`nojì, jlcbr`
trks èeoljks quk pukfks dèkr rkakrkjtk ` i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`.
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
058

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F J½ 0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
UOV[@EOÕJ 0= X[KRXKROL V@RFÃL

UOV[@EOÕJ 2= X[KRXKROL OJCKFO@VL
UOV[@EOÕJ 5= X[KRXKROL CKFO@VL
UOV[@EOÕJ 6= X[KRXKROL @IKM@FL.
@EVOQOF@F J½2
0.- I` dkclrr`no` plst p`rtl

2.- Xukrpkrol ojckfo`tl
5.- I` kf`f fk i` pèokjtk, 54 `ðls
6.- Xlsobiks rkspukst`s, KT@CKJ AÃUOEL, Eljsostk kj=
`. Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks= Uk kvìu`rà arkeukjeo` e`rfoè`, puisl, tkjsoõj `rtkroì, arkeukjeo` rkspor`tlro` y
b. tkcpkr`tur`,
Xoki y cuels`s=tkjokjfl kj eukjt`
Uk buse`rà tlfls`qukii`s ìtkrèoljks
ils sonjls aosoliõnoe`s
rkièolj`fls y` kjujeo`f`s.
elj i` `jkco`.
e. @p`r`tl rkspor`tlrol y e`rfolv`seui`r= Uk buse`rà i` prkskjeo` fk sonjls rkièolj`fls ` p`tlilnã`s.
f. @bflckj= sk buse`rà i` prkskjeo` fk pujtls flilrlsls, n`sks ojtkstojìks y sk pìp`rà ki ýtkrl ` tr`vïs
fk i` p`rkf `bflcojì. Uk kvìu`rà su uboeèoõj, t`c`ðl y eljsostkjeo`, so fukik l jl. Uk kvìu`rà i`
dkrof` quorýrnoe` kj e`sl fk eksàrk` `bflcojì.
k. Nkjotìks kxtkrjls= sk kvìu`rà ils ilquols, e`jtof`f, elilr y lilr, sk eljtrli`rà i` vuiv`, ki pkrojï y i`
kposolrrào` (elrtk pkrojkì kaketu`fl kj ki p`rtl v`nojì p`r` `yuf`r ` i` sìof` fki aktl)
a. Cokcbrls ojakrolrks= sk kvìu`rà i` prkskjeo` fk kfkc`s y v`roeks, sk buse`ràj sonjls `sleo`fls `
trlcblsos vkjls` prlaujf`.
n. Eljtrli fk i` vã` uroj`ro`= i` pèokjtk fkbkrà lroj`r `jtks fk i`s 02 drs. fk euicoj`fl ki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl.
Kj e`sl fk quk jl il d`n` kspljtàjk`ckjtk, sk i` ojvot`rà ` ikv`jt`rsk k ojtkjt`r i` coeeoõj plr sã sli`,
so jl il dèk sk kvìu`rà i` prkskjeo` fk uj nilbl vksoeì l iksoljks p`rùrktrkìks y skrà jkeks`rol elile`r
elile`r
uj` sljf` vksoeì c`jtkjokjfl i`s jlrc`s fk `skpso`. Kj pèokjtks `jkstkso`f`s i` pïrfof` fk
skjsoboiof`f pukfk le`solj`r quk jl sokjt` fkskl coeeoljì, kj ksls e`sls sk sunkrorà i` coeeoõj ùjquk
jl sokjt` fkskls fk dèkril.
;.-
@J@INKUO@= Kj e`sl fk eksàrk` `bflcojì l kposolrrào` sk ojfoe`rà `jìnkso` rknui`f` i`s prockr`s 26
drs., ojyket`bik y iuknl vã` lrì.
LTOVÕEOELU = Kstà ojfoe`fl kj i` c`ylrã` fk i`s pèokjtks puïrpkr`s p`r` i` prkvkjeoõj y eljtrli fk i`
dkclrr`no` plst p`rtl.
@JVOBOLVOELVKR@XO@ = Uk ojfoe`rà ki usl fk `jtoboõtoels kj pèokjtks elj kposolrrào`, eksàrk` `bflcojì y
aètlrks fk roksnl p`r` ojakeeoõj. V`cboïj sk pukfk ojfoe`r kj alrc` prkvkjtov`
050
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
1.-
E[OF@FLU X[KRXKROL OJCKFO@VL=
`. Donokjk pkrojkì= @skl nkjotì arkeukjtk, y kj e`sl jkeks`rol, projeopìckjtk i`s prockr`s 26 dlr`s.
b. Donokjk elrplrì= jl kstà eljtròjfoe`f` i` fued` kj i`s prockr`s 26 drs. fki pukrpkrol.
e. Fokt`= sk sunkrorà uj` fokt` iãquof` l iovo`j` elj ìockjtls quk `yufkj ` i` kvèuèoõj ojtkstojì.
f. Kmkreoeols= sk èljskm`rà i` clvoiozèoõj y fk`cbuièoõj prkelz, sk kvot`rà elj kst` ckfof` i` kst`sos
eoreui`tlro` qukfkprkfospljkj
rkeupkrèoõj i` puïrpkr`,`kj
i`se`sls
trlcblaikbotos,
fk eksàrk` a`vlrkekrà
`bflcojìi` kiocojèoõj fk ojfoeèoljks
sk sonukj i`s ilquols y aèoiot`rà
prlpo`si` fk
prljt`
ils
plst lpkr`tlrols.
E[OF@FLU
E[OF@ FLU KJ KI DLN@R= (Xukrpkrol, Ckfo`tl y @ikm`fl)
k. @skl nkjotì 5 vkeks ì fã` l sknýj jkeksof`f elj `nu` elrrokjtk soj `fotovls.
a. Rïnockj iovo`jl plr 0; fã`s, b`ml kj nr`s`s y ìockjtls cktklroz`jtks.
n. Rkplsl rki`tovl, `tkjeoõj kxeiusov` fki rkeoïj jèofl, kvot`r aukrz` `bflcojì y usl fk a`m` fur`jtk ki fã`.
d. Rkstotueoõj fk i` vof` skxuì ì cks fk puïrpkr` l eu`jfl i` pèokjtk y p`rkm` sk sokjt`j kj eljfoeoljks.
o. Kmkreoeols `bflcojìks ì cks kj puïrpkr` fk p`rtl kutõeoel
ku tõeoel y ` ils 2 cksks fk puïrpkr` fk eksàrk`.
>.-
BKJKAOEOLU FKI @XKNL C@VKRJL
 C`ylr e`pèof`f elnjotov`



C`ylr ùtlkstoc`
Fks`rrliil fk uj` ojfkpkjfkjeo` sìuf`bik
 Ckmlr` i` rkièoõj elj sus onuìks (` ckfof` quk erkekj)
 Bukj`s rkièoljks a`coio`rks
 C`ylr e`pèof`f fk kcp`tã` elj ils fkcàs.
@EVOQOF@F J½ 5
FKU@RRLIIL
0.-
BKJKAOEOLU FK I@ I@EV@JEO@ C@VKRJ@ X@R@ KI JOÐL=
I` ikedk c`tkrj` d` sofl fkaojof` elcl uj aiuofl bolètovl, quk pkrcotk ` ils joðls `sã ìockjt`fls=
 Vkjkr ckjlr roksnl fk eljtr`kr kjakrckf`fks ojakeeols`s y prkskjt`r ckjlr ojeofkjeo` y skvkrof`f fk

ïst`s.
I` ikedk duc`j`, `fkcàs fk f`r ojcujof`f p`sov` ì joðl, èkikr` i` c`furèoõj fk sus õrn`jls y

sostkc` ojcujliõnoel.
 Ils joðls `c`c`jt`fls tokjkj uj ckmlr fks`rrliil fk ils `rels fkjtìks, pì`f`r y ltr`s kstruetur`s
aèoìks y prkskjt`j uj` ojeofkjeo` ckjlr fk e`roks quk ils joðls quk rkeobkj c`c`fkr`.
 Uk d` lbskrv`fl quk ils joðls `c`c`jt`fls slj càs ètovls, prkskjt`j uj ckmlr fks`rrliil psoelcltlr
y ckmlr e`pèof`f fk `prkjfoz`mk.
 V`cboïj sk d` fkclstr`fl quk joðls prkc`turls ìockjt`fls elj ikedk c`tkrj` tokjkj uj elkaoeokjtk
ojtkiketuì, ckfofl ` ils ledl `ðls, sonjoaoe`tov`ckjtk supkrolr ` ils quk jl rkeobokrlj ikedk c`tkrj`.
052

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Ojvkstonèoljks rkeokjtks cukstr`j

cukstr`j uj` c`ylr `nufkz` vosuì kjtrk ils joðls quk aukrlj `c`c`jt`fls
elcp`r`fls elj ils ìockjt`fls elj aõrcui`.
 @i `c`c`jt`r, ki eljtètl poki ` poki a`vlrkek ki `pknl y kstocui` i` erkèoõj fk vãjeuils fk `clr y
sknurof`f kjtrk i` c`frk y ki joðl, pkrcotokjfl quk ïstk àorck su prkskjeo` elcl pkrslj` ` tr`vïs fk i`
ojtkrèeoõj elj su c`frk.
BKJKAOEOLU X@R@ I@ C@FRK
 I` sueeoõj fk i` c`c` ojckfo`t`ckjtk fkspuïs fki p`rtl rkfuek kj i` c`frk ki roksnl fk i` dkclrr`no`,
y kstocui` i` skerkeoõj fk lxotleoj`, il quk a`vlrkek i` sìof` y ki
k i aiuml fk i` ikedk y rktrèeoõj fki ýtkrl.

I` ièt`jeo` prlfuek e`cbols ckt`bõioels kj i` cumkr quk ik `yuf`j ` `prlvked`r ckmlr ils ìockjtls
quk ojnokrk.
 Uk `sleo` elj uj ckjlr roksnl fk eàjekr fk lv`rol, fk kjflcktrol y c`c`rol kj i` prkckjlpùso`.
 I` ièt`jeo` ks ujl fk ils cïtlfls càs kaketovls p`r` kspèo`r ils kcb`r`zls.
 I` `ckjlrrk` fk i` ièt`jeo` kxeiusov` larkek uj` prltkeeoõj fk uj ??% eljtr` uj jukvl kcb`r`zl
fur`jtk ils prockrls skos cksks.
 I` ièt`jeo` pkrcotk uj ocplrt`jtk `dlrrl fk rkeursls ` jovki a`coio`r y fk i` sleokf`f.
 A`vlrkekr i` ièt`jeo` sonjoaoe`, `fkcàs, `dlrrl fk rkeursls p`r` ils skrvoeols fk sìuf plr eljekptl fk
aõrcui`s, c`c`fkr`s y pkrsljì.
2.-
[UL FK M@BLJKU _ ILEOLJKU = Jl kstà ojfoe`fl us`r m`bljks, erkc`s l ileoljks slbrk i` `rkli` y ki
pkzõj, plrquk ojtkraokrkj elj i` iubroeèoõj j`turì fk i`s niàjfui`s
n iàjfui`s fk Cljtnlckry.
C@JOX[I@EOÕJ FK ILU XK]LJKU F[R@JVK KI KCB@R@]L= I` c`jopuièoõj fk ils pkzljks pukfk
prlvle`r eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s plr uj cke`joscl jkurl-rkaikml.
jku rl-rkaikml.
[UL FK RLX@ OJVKROLR= @fkeuèoõj fki t`c`ðl y alrc` fki slstïj ` ckfof` quk ïstls ùckjt`j fk
t`c`ðl.
5.-
@EEOLJKU FKI VKJU KJ I@EV@JEO@ C@VKRJ@ (kj puïrpkr` rkeokjtk dlspotìoz`f`)
 @sostkjeo` kj i` tïejoe` elrrket` fk ièt`jeo` kj pèokjtk fk pukrpkrol ojckfo`tl y ckfo`tl.
 @sostkjeo` y kfueèoõj kj i` kxtrèeoõj fk ikedk c`tkrj`, projeopìckjtk kj c`frks elj rkeoïj jèofl
dlspotìoz`fl.
 Vlfl ki èlcp`ð`cokjtl kfue`tovl y tïejoel fki VKJU ` i` pèokjtk kj kt`p` plstp`rtl.
055

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@=
E`rètkrãstoe`s y kt`p`s fki pukrpkrol
dttp=//ckf.ujjk.kfu.`r/rkvost`/rkvost`088/pukrpkrol\jlrcì.dtc
Ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`, `pknl c`tkrjl

dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/sotks/fkaùit/aoiks/aoiks/c`juì\i
aoiks/aoiks/c`juì\i`èt`jeo`\c`tkrj`.pfa
et`jeo`\c`tkrj`.pfa
Bkjkaoeols ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`

dttps=//ljekuplj`clcpkru.elc/280;/8>/50/c`c`-sls-
dttps=//ljekuplj`clcp kru.elc/280;/8>/50/c`c`-sls-08-bkjkaoeols-fk-i`-ièt`jeo`-c`t
08-bkjkaoeols-fk-i`-ièt`jeo`-c`tkrj`-kxeiusov`-p`r`-
krj`-kxeiusov`-p`r`-
to-y-tu-bkbk/
056

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@prkjfoz`mk kspkr`fl >

Ofkjtoaoe`j i`s tïejoe`s fk `tkjeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl s`jl y rkeoïj jèofl p`tliõnoel, ofkjtoaoe`jfl ki
rli fki VKJU kst`s.
>.0- Rkeoïj Jèofl U`jl y p`tliõnoel

RKEOÏJ J@EOFL JLRC@I= Ks ki jèofl fk p`rtl
kutõeoel, ` tïrcojl, elj pksl `fkeu`fl ` i` kf`f
nkstèoljì, doml fk p`frks s`jls, quk jl prkskjt`
cìalrcèoljks eljnïjot`s jo kjakrckf`fks dkrkfot`ro`s.
AON. 000 (Rkeoïj jèofl s`jl)
RKEOÏJ J@EOFL X@VLIÕNOEL=
Jklj`tl fk prktïrcojl, l fk tïrcojl elj p`tlilnã`

`sleo`f`, l quk prkskjtk ìnuj` ìtkrèoõj kj su
cke`joscl fk `f`ptèoõj ` i` vof` kxtrùtkroj`.
AON. 002 (Rkeoïj jèofl p`tliõnoel)

Kjtrk i`s p`tlilnã`s quk e`rètkroz`j ` uj rkeoïj jèofl sk kjeukjtr`j=
 Rkeoïj jèofl prkc`turl (ckjlr fk 5> skc`j`s)
 Rkeoïj jèofl b`ml pksl
 Rkeoïj jèofl nr`jfk p`r` i` kf`f nkstèoljì

Rkeoïj jèofl plst tïrcojl (c`ylr fk 62 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj)
 Uãjfrlck fk foaoeuit`f rkspor`tlro`
 Oetkroeo` X`tliõnoe`
05;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Cìalrcèoljks.
>.2.- Eljekptl, e`rètkrãstoe`s `j`tlclaosoliõnoe`

`j`t lclaosoliõnoe`ss fki RJ.
ELJEKXVL FK RKEOÏJ J@EOFL=
Uk `fcotk quk ki pkrãlfl jklj`tì `b`re` i`s 6 prockr`s skc`j`s fk kf`f l d`st` ils 24 fã`s fk vof`. I`
fkaojoeoõj fk kstk pkrãlfl ks ocplrt`jtk plrquk rkprkskjt` uj` kt`p` cuy elrt` fk i` vof`vof`77 soj kcb`rnl, kj
kii` suekfkj e`cbols cuy ràpofls quk pukfkj fkrov`r kj eljskeukjeo`s ocplrt`jtks p`r` ki rkstl fk i` vof`
fki rkeoïj jèofl. Ki tïrcojl sk `must` ` jèofls prktïrcojl
prktïrcojl,, ` tïrcojl l plstïrcojl.
plstïrcojl.
E@R@EVKROUVOE@U @J@VLCL AOUOLIÕNOE@U FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL

 Ki pksl fk uj rkeoïj jèofl jlrcì ks fk ujls 5.588-5.;88 nrs.

 I`s v`roèoljks fkpkjfkj fk eljfoeolj`jtks p`tkrjls, nkjïtoels y `cbokjtìks.

 Fur`jtk ils prockrls fã`s fkspuïs fki jèocokjtl
sk lbskrv` uj` pïrfof` fk pksl aosoliõnoe
aosoliõnoe`,
`, fk uj
08%, quk sk rkeupkr` ì ?½-08½ fã` fk vof`.

 I` iljnotuf ks fk ujls ;8 ec, y 61 ec ki iãcotk
ojakrolr jlrcì.

 Ki pkrãcktrl ekaàioel ks fk 56 ec y ki tlràeoel fk
52 ec.
AON.005 (E`rètkrãstoe`s fki Rkeoïj jèofl)

 Ki rkeoïj jèofl ks cèrleïaìl, br`quãtopl y cèrlkspiàejoel.

 I` e`bkz` ks lvì`f`, lbskrvàjflsk elj arkeukjeo` uj` tuckaèeoõj bkjonj`, ii`c`f` blis`
skrls`jnuãjk`.

 Ki tõr`x tokjk alrc` fk e`cp`j`, elj i`s elstoii`s kj plsoeoõj dlrozljtì.

 Ki `bflckj ks ionkr`ckjtk prltubkr`jtk, elj `prkeo`bik dkp`tlcknìo` (dãn`fl càs nr`jfk quk il
d`botuì)

 I`s kxtrkcof`fks slj elrt`s.

 I` plsoeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl ks kj aikxoõj fk br`zls y pokrj`s, elj uj` ionkr` dopkrtljã` aosoliõnoe`.
051

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks

 I` poki kstà eubokrt` plr ki vïrjox e`sklsl, prkskjt`jfl uj` fkse`cèoõj fk pkqukð`s i`cojoii`s.

 I` ble` kstà prkp`r`f` p`r` i` sueeoõj, elj nruksls i`bols, quk i` pukfk rkìoz`r ojckfo`t`ckjtk
fkspuïs fki p`rtl.

 Ki kstõc`nl ks pkqukðl, fk ujls 28-58 ci. fk e`pèof`f. Ki ojtkstojl cofk ujls 5 cktrls.

 Uk `prkeo` t`quopjk` fk uj`s 68-18 rksporèoljks plr cojutl.

 Ki elr`zõj ks nr`jfk y i` prksoõj
pr ksoõj `rtkroì càxoc` ks fk 18 cc. Dn.

 Ils roðljks slj nr`jfks y ilbui`fls.

 Kj ils joðls, ils tkstãeuils tokjkj 0 ec `prlxoc`f`ckjtk fk foàcktrl, y ki kserltl ks nr`jfk.

 Kj i`s joð`s, ils i`bols c`ylrks kstàj plel fks`rrlii`fls.

 Ki ekrkbrl ks nr`jfk y kxostk kj i`s
i `s prockr`s skc`j`s uj` dopkrv`nltljã`.
 Vokjk rkaikmls prlpols fki rkeoïj jèofl.
 I`s dkeks, kj ils 5-6 prockrls fã`s sk eljlekj elcl ckeljol fk elilr vkrfk-jknruzel, p`r` `p`rkekr
fkspuïs, i`s fk tr`jsoeoõj, `c`roiil vkrfls`s, nrucls`s y aojìckjtk, kj i` sknujf` skc`j`, sk
lbskrv`j dkeks fk elilr `c`roiikjtl y fk eljsostkjeo` fk plc`f`.
 I` aujeoõj rkjì ks ojc`fur`.
 Ki vìlr dkc`tlerotl ks fk 6;-18%.

Ki vèo`cokjtlfkbk
ìockjtèoõj nàstroel fk uj rkeoïj jèofl leurrk `prlxoc`f`ckjtk e`f` 6 dlr`s, plr il euì i`
skr arkeukjtk.
 Kj rkièoõj ` i` tkrclrrknuièoõj su tkcpkr`tur` elrplrì ks socoi`r ì `fuitl pkrl e`rkek fk uj sostkc`

c`furl quk sk `f`ptk ì arãl l eìlr fki `cbokjtk, (c`jtkjkril kj `cbokjtks tkcpkr`fls).
 Ki elrfõj ucboioeì fknkjkr`, sk ske` y e`k fkjtrl fk ils > ` 08 fã`s fk vof`.
 I`s jkeksof`fks eìõroe`s slj fk 008-058 geì/gn/fã`.
 Ki ckt`blioscl b`sì ks fk 54-62 geì/gn/fã`.
 I`s jkeksof`fks dãfroe`s slj, ojoeoìckjtk, fk 18->8 ci/gn/fã`, ` i` skc`j` slj, elj uj càxocl, fk 0;8.
>.5.- -Kx`ckj
>.5.- -Kx`ckj aãsoel fki RJ
RJ
Eljsostk kj i` ojspkeeoõj y lbskrvèoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl elj ki lbmktl fk=
 Kvìu`r su `f`ptèoõj e`rfolrrkspor`tlro` ` i` vof` kxtrùtkrojj`` kj ils eojel prockrls cojutls fk vof`.
05>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Fktket`r i` prkskjeo` fk cìalrcèoljks.
 Eucpior elj ki p`pki sleoì fki kx`ckj aãsoel= [j` skrok fk akjõckjls jlrcìks fki RJ pukfkj prlvle`r
kstrïs kj i` c`frk y ìtkr`r i` ièt`jeo`7 plr il t`jtl, plfkr `sknur`rik ` i` c`frk quk su joðl ks s`jl
ùckjt` i`s plsoboiof`fks fk uj` bukj` ièt`jeo`.
054

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
KT@CKJ AÃUOEL @I J@EKR=
XLUV[R@ _ @EVOQOF@F=
Ki rkeoïj jèofl fk tïrcojl tokjk uj` ètovof`f v`ro`bik sknýj su kst`fl fk sukðl, ìkrt` l ii`jtl. Kj rkplsl
sk prkskjt` elj sus kxtrkcof`fks aiket`f`s y ìnl dopkrtõjoe`s, c`jls kcpuð`f`s.
I` plstur` t`cboïj kstà ojaiukjeo`f` plr i` plsoeoõj ojtrùtkroj`, plr kmkcpil, iuknl fk uj p`rtl kj prkskjtèoõj
plfàioe`, prkskjt` sus cusils aiket`fls slbrk ki `bflckj. Ki prkc`turl prkskjt` uj` plstur` fk c`ylr
kxtkjsoõj ` ckjlr kf`f nkstèoljì.
X@RÀCKVRL @ KQ@I[@R E@R@EVKRÃUVOE@U
XOKI  Elilr y Vkxtur`= [suìckjtk ks fk uj elilr

rls`fl y su`vk. V`cboïj pukfk prkskjt`rsk
eo`jlsos ileìoz`f` fk c`jls y poks (èrleo`jlsos)
quk jlrcìckjtk fks`p`rkek fkspuïs fk v`rols
fã`s. Ki tkmofl subeutàjkl fkbk skjtorsk iikjl. Ks
jlrcì uj` fkse`cèoõj foserkt` fk i` poki, pkrl
kj ki RJ fk plst tïrcojl ks cuedl càs c`re`f`.
Uo sk `prkeo` oetkroeo` sonjoaoe` quk i` boiorruboj`
AON.006 (@erleo`jlsos) kstà ì ckjls slbrk ; cn %. Kj ki prkc`turl i`
poki ks cuy fkin`f`, e`so tr`jsp`rkjtk, rlm`, elj
cuy plel tkmofl subeutàjkl.
 Qïrjox E`sklsl= ([jtl skbàekl) Ks uj
c`tkroì nr`sl bi`jqukeojl quk pukfk eubror ki
eukrpl, kspkeoìckjtk kj ki prkc`turl, kj ki joðl
fk tïrcojl usuìckjtk kstà slbrk ki flrsl, eukrl
e`bkiiufl y pioknuks.
 I`junl= Xkil aojl quk pukfk kst`r prkskjtk
slbrk ils dlcbrls y flrsl. Kj ki prkc`turl pukfk
skr càs `bujf`jtk.
AON. 00; (Qïrjox e`sklsl) 
= C`jed`s
C`jed`
poz`rr`,, cljnõioe`
sk uboe`j kj flrsl, jìn`s lfk elilr `zui
cusils, slj
bkjonj`s y jl tokjkj sonjoaoe`fl p`tliõnoel
 Dkc`jnolc`s pi`jls= slj elcujks slbrk
i` zlj` leeopotì, pàrp`fls, arkjtk y eukiil.
 Krotkc` tõxoel= Krupeoõj càeuil p`pui`r
elj b`sk krotkc`tls` quk pukfk eljaiuor, elj
ìnuj`s vksãeui`s pkqukð`s kj su ekjtrl fk elilr
`c`roiil. Uu fostrobueoõj ks v`ro`bik, pkrl
prkakrkjtkckjtk sk uboe` kj trljel y
kxtrkcof`fks, `p`rkek kj ils 5 prockrls fã`s y
fks`p`rkek ekre` fk i` skc`j`. Jl tokjk
AON. 001. (I`junl) sonjoaoe`fl p`tliõnoel.
05?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
E@BK]@  Alrc` y t`c`ðl= Ks nr`jfk kj rkièoõj

ì rkstl fki eukrpl, eu`rt` p`rtk fki eukrpl),
d`botuìckjtk prkskjt` uj` fkalrcèoõj piàstoe`
elj nr`fls
fkbofl ` su v`ro`biks
`f`ptèoõjfkìe`bìn`cokjtl
e`jì fk p`rtl,õskl
kxekptl
kj `qukiils jèofls plr eksàrk`.
 Aljt`jki`s= I` aljt`jki` `jtkrolr
(`bkrtur` õsk` fki eràjkl) v`rã` kj t`c`ðl kjtrk 0
y 6 ec. fk foàcktrl c`ylr7 ks bi`jf`, puisàtoi y
ikvkckjtk fkprksobik eu`jfl ki joðl kstà tr`jquoil.
 Uutur`s= Fkbkj kst`r àrljt`f`s, pukfk
kxostor eokrtl nr`fl fk e`bìn`cokjtl.
 Blis` skrls`jnuãjk`= Elrrkspljfk `
kfkc` fki eukrl e`bkiiufl plr i` prksoõj
p rksoõj fki
tr`b`ml fk p`rtl. Uk kxtokjfk slbrk i`s iãjk`s fk
sutur` y pukfk skr kxtkjsl. Fkbk foakrkjeo`rsk fk
ils ekaìldkc`tlc`s.
AON.00> (Aljt`jki` `jtkrolr)  Ekaìldkc`tlc`s. Uk e`rètkroz` plr
kst`r ` tkjsoõj
akjõckjl y jl slbrkp`s`r
quk pukfk i`s p`rtl
leurror kj uj sutur`s. Ks uj
jlrcì.
E@R@  Lmls= Elj arkeukjeo` kstàj ekrr`fls y

ils pàrp`fls kfkc`tlsls, pkrl ils `brk so sk ik
cukvk dèo` i` iuz y slcbr` kj alrc` ìtkrj`f`. Ki
oros ks d`botuìckjtk fk elilr nrosàekl. Ks
arkeukjtk i` prkskjeo` fk dkclrr`no`s
subeljmujtovìks, kseikrìks
tr`t`cokjtl. I` pupoi` quk jl rkquokrkj
fkbk rkspljfkr ` i` iuz.
 J`roz= Ki RJ ks prkakrkjtkckjtk
rkspor`flr j`sì y pukfk prkskjt`r foaoeuit`f
rkspor`tlro` plr `trkso` fk el`j`s. Fkbk
eljaorc`rsk su pkrck`boiof`f p`s`jfl uj` sljf`
j`slnàstroe` so sk slspked`. Ks arkeukjtk lbskrv`
pkqukðls pujtls `c`roiils kj ki flrsl fk i` j`roz
quk sk fkjlcoj`j coiouc skbàekl. Elrrkspljfk
` niàjfui`s skbàek`s. Ks uj akjõckjl jlrcì.
 Ble`= Ils i`bols slj rlmls, i`s kjeã`s
cukstr`j ki rkiokvk fkjt`rol pkrl jl tokjkj fokjtks,
AON. 004 (E`r` fki rkeoïj jèofl) ùjquk kj le`soljks pukfkj tkjkr pkqukðls
quostks elcl t`cboïj fokjtks supkrjuckr`rol. Kj
ki pì`f`r sk fkbkj buse`r aosur`s.
068

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Lãfls= Qkr i` alrc` k ocpi`jtèoõj fki

p`bkiiõj ùroeui`r. Uus ìtkrèoljks sk d`j
`sleo`fl ` cìalrcèoljks kspkeoìckjtk fki
trètl uroj`rol (elcl ils p`poilc`s). Ils tãcp`jls
slj foaãeoiks fk vosuìoz`r y tokjkj `p`rokjeo`
lpè`. `p` rokjeo`
E[KIIL Ks elrtl y socïtroel. Fkbk kxpilr`rsk clvoiof`f y

i` prkskjeo` fk ùckjtls fk vliuckj= bleol,
quostk torlnilsl y dkc`tlc` fki kstkrjleikofl
c`stlofkl. Le`soljìckjtk pukfk prkskjt`rsk
`socktrã` elj fksvoèoõj dèo` uj i`fl, quk sk
fkbk elj c`ylr arkeukjeo` ` uj` plstur` aktì
pkrsostkjtk.
AON.00? (Eukiil fki rkeoïj jèofl)
VLR@T  Lbskrv`r su alrc` y socktrã`. I`

arkeukjeo` rkspor`tlro` ks pkroõfoe` fk ìrkfkflr fk
68 ` 18 plr cojutl.
 Ei`vãeui`s= Uk pìp`j fk supkraoeok ios` y
ujoalrck. Fkse`rt`r arètur` kspkeoìckjtk kj ils
joðls nr`jfks. Kst` sk fktket` plr flilr ` i`
pìpèoõj, ùckjtl fk vliuckj l foseljtojuof`f
kj ki duksl y ` vkeks uj eioe ì clvoioz`r i`
ei`vãeui`.
 Jõfuil c`c`rol= Ks pìp`bik kj ils
joðls c`furls, t`jtl kj dlcbrks elcl cumkrks,
su t`c`ðl kstà fktkrcoj`fl plr i` kf`f
AON.028 (Võr`x y jõfuils c`c`rols fki rkeoïj nkstèoljì y plr uj` `fkeu`f` jutroeoõj.
jèofl)  Xuicljks= I` rksporèoõj fki RJ ks kj
nr`j p`rtk `bflcojì, arkeukjtkckjtk orrknui`r
(pkroõfoe`). Ils puicljks sk kxp`jfkj kj alrc`
socïtroe` .Xukfkj ùseuit`rsk ruofls dýckfls kj
i`s prockr`s dlr`s plst p`rtl.
 Elr`zõj= i` arkeukjeo` e`rfoè` d`botuì
ks fk 028 ` 068 plr cojutl quk ùckjt` ì ii`jtl.
060

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Elj arkeukjeo` pukfkj ùseuit`rsk slpils

sostõioels kyketovls quk slj tr`jsotlrols.
@BFLCKJ  Alrc`= Fkbk skr ionkr`ckjtk kxe`v`fl

kj i`s prockr`s dlr`s p`r` iuknl fostkjfkrsk kj i`
ckfof` quk ki ojtkstojl sk iikj` fk òrk. Ils
Il s
õrn`jls `bflcojìks slj aàeoickjtk pìp`biks.
Fkbkj buse`rsk c`s`s y vosekrlcknìo`. Ki
dãn`fl elj arkeukjeo` sk pìp` ` 2 ec b`ml
b` ml ki
rkblrfk elstì. Ils roðljks sk pìp`j eu`jfl ki
joðl kstà tr`jquoil y rki`m`fl.
 Elrfõj ucboioeì= Ki elrfõj ucboioeì
fkbk tkjkr 5 v`sls= 2 `rtkro`s y uj` vkj`, uj`
`rtkro` ucboioeì ýjoe` sk pukfk `sleo`r elj
sãjfrlcks cìalrc`tovls. Ki elrfõj elcokjz` `
ske`rsk dlr`s fkspuïs fki p`rtl, sk sukit` fk i`
poki quk il rlfk` ekre` fk ils 6 - ; fã`s y e`k kjtrk
AON.020 (@bflckj y elrfõj ucboioeì) ki >½ y 08½ fã`.
@JL _ RKEVL Kx`coj`r i` uboeèoõj y pkrck`boiof`f fki `jl,

kspkeoìckjtk so jl sk d` kiocoj`fl ckeljol kj
64 dlr`s.
AON.022 (`jl y rketl fki rkeoïj

r keoïj jèofl)
062

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
NKJOV@IKU  C`seuiojls= kj ki RJ fk tïrcojl ki

kserltl ks pkjfui`r, elj `rrun`s quk eubrkj ki
sèl, ponckjt`fl. Ils tkstãeuils fkbkj kst`r
fksekjfofls. Ki t`c`ðl fki pkjk ks cuy v`ro`bik,
ki prkpueol kstà `fdkrofl ì ni`jfk y ki ck`tl
uroj`rol ks pkqukðl. Kj ki prkc`turl ki kserltl
kstà ckjls ponckjt`fl y ils tkstãeuils elj
arkeukjeo` jl kstàj fksekjfofls.
AON.025 (Nkjotìks c`seuiojl)
 Akckjojls= Dèo` ki tïrcojl fk i`

nkstèoõj, ils i`bols c`ylrks eubrkj
elcpikt`ckjtk ` ils ckjlrks y ì` i eiãtlros. Ki dockj
fkbk vkrsk y pukfk skr prltruykjtk. Fur`jtk ils
prockrls fã`s fkspuïs fki jèocokjtl, pukfk
lbskrv`rsk uj` skerkeoõj bi`jqukeoj` cuels` quk
kj le`soljks eljtokjk s`jnrk.
AON.026 (Nkjotìks akckjojl)
E@FKR@U= Fkbkj `bfueor kj alrc` socïtroe`7 slspked`r

iuxèoõj eljnïjot` fk e`fkr` so d`y iocotèoõj ` i`
`bfueeoõj l so sk sokjtk uj ed`squofl eu`jfl ki
aïcur ks foronofl dèo` `tràs y iuknl `bfueofl
(Uonjl fk Lrtli`jo).
AON.02; (C`jolbr` Lrtli`jo)
065
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
KTVRKCOF@FKU= Ils br`zls y pokrj`s fkbkj skr socïtroels kj

`j`tlcã` y aujeoõj. @itkrèoljks c`ylrks ojeiuykj=
ùskjeo` fk duksls, pok y c`jls pliofètoio` (càs
fkfls fk ils d`botuì), sojfètoio` (aìt` fk fkfls).
Kj le`soljks pukfkj pìp`rsk arètur`s.
AON.021 (kxtrkcof`fks fki rkeoïj jèofl)
KT@CKJ JK[RLIÕNOEL
@etotuf nkjkrì y tljl cuseui`r . Fkbk kvìu`rsk i` socktrã` fk clvocokjtls, plstur` y tljl cuseui`r. [j`
`socktrã` pukfk ojfoe`r iksoljks jkurliõnoe`s. Ils joðls prkc`turls slj dopltõjoels rkspketl ` ils joðls fk
tïrcojl. I` rkspukst` jlrcì fki rkeoïj jèofl ì skr c`jopui`fl ks d`botuìckjtk ki ii`jtl.
Rkaikmls `reòels= Ulj rkaikmls fk supkrvovkjeo` quk leurrkj fk alrc` skeukjeo`f` kj i`s prockr`s skc`j`s
fki fks`rrliil aktì. Clvocokjtls ùtlcàtoels, kstkrkltop`fls foronofls plr uj` p`rtk cuy procotov` fki ekrkbrl.
RKAIKMLU @RE@OELU
U[EEOÕJ Clvocokjtl rãtcoel y ellrfoj`fl fk ikjnu` y

ble` ì elile`r uj lbmktl (edupktk - fkfl) fkjtrl
fk kii`.
AON.02>
066

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BÝUP[KF@ Ki RJ vukivk su e`bkz` dèo` ì i`fl quk sk ik

`pioe` uj kstãcuil kj ckmoii` l pkrobueì,
buse`jfl ki pkzõj fk i` c`frk.
AON.024
XI@JV@R @i `pioe`r prksoõj i` pi`jt` fki pok ki RJ aikxolj`

sus fkfls kcpuð`jfl l aiket`jfl ils fkfls fki
pok.
AON.02?
@i `pioe`r prksoõj kj pìc`s y i` pi`jt` fki pok ki

RJ aikxolj` sus fkfls kcpuð`jfl l aiket`jfl i`
c`jl
X@IC@R AON.058
@i slstkjkr ì RJ fksfk ki trljel k ojeioj`jfl

ikvkckjtk dèo` `fki`jtk, f` ujls p`sls kj
alrc` ùtlcàtoe`.
C@RED@ AON.050
Uk fkskje`fkj` kj rkspukst` ` uj kstãcuil

brusel l ` uj` fkaikxoõj bruse` fk i` e`bkz`,
tokjk v`ro`s a`sks= prockrl ki RJ `bfuek ils
br`zls p`r` iuknl `fueorils kj ètotuf fk `br`zl
èlcp`ð`fl fk aikxoõj fki eukrpl y iuknl ii`jtl.
CLRL AON.052
06;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Ki fkfl nlrfl fki pok sk cukvk dèo` i`

supkraoeok supkrolr fki pok y ils ltrls fkfls sk
`brkj kj `b`joel fkspuïs fk arlt`r aorckckjtk i`
pi`jt` fki pok kj ki blrfk kxtkrjl.
B@BOJUG_ AON.055
VKUV FK @XN@R=
Ils prockrls fokz cojutls fkspuïs fk jèkr slj erãtoels kj i` vof` fki bkbï.
Ki Vkst fk @pn`r sk
sk tr`t` fk uj` pujtuèoõj
puj tuèoõj quk sk rkìoz` ì cojutl, ` ils eojel cojutls, y ` vkeks, ` ils 08
cojutls fki jèocokjtl, quk pkrcotk vìlr`r ki kst`fl nkjkrì fki rkeoïj jèofl.
061

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
X@RÀCKVRLU @ CKFOR
X@RÀCKVRL 8 X[JVL 0 X[JVL 2 X[JVLU
A ARKE[KJEO@ E@RFO@E@ Jl plskk Ckjlr fk 088 plr C`ylr fk 088 plr

cojutl cojutl
K KUA[KR]L RKUXOR@VLROL @uskjtk Fïboi l rknui`r Aukrtk

V VLJL C[UE[I@R Jojnuj` @inuj` aikxoõj Clvocokjtl ètovl
O ORROV@BOIOF@F Uoj rkspukst` ` Cuke`/ii`jtl fïboi Kstlrjufl, tls,

kstocuièoõj ì skr kstocui`fl p`tìkl ì skr
kstocui`fl.
E ELILR Vlfl `zui Kxtrkcof`fks Jlrcì

`zuiks
VLV@I FK X[JV[@EOÕJ= 08
EI@UOAOE@EOÕJ FK I@ X[JV[@EOÕJ=
X[JV@MK EI@UOAOE@EOÕJ
> @ 08 X[JVLU Rkeoïj jèofl kj bukj`s eljfoeoljks, soj `saoxo`
6 @ > X[JVLU @saoxo` clfkr`f` (rkquokrk `tkjeoõj kspkeoì kj

jklj`tlilnã`)
8 @ 5 X[JVLU @saoxo` skvkr`

skvkr` (ìtl plrekjt`mks fk clrtìof`f)
>.6-Xkrãlfl fk tr`jsoeoõj. Ei`soaoeèoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl sknýj KN.

XKRÃLFL FK VR@JUOEOÕJ=
Fkaojoeoõj= Uk eljlek elcl pkrãlfl fk tr`jsoeoõj i`s prockr`s 26 dlr`s sonuokjtks ì jèocokjtl, pkrãlfl kj
quk leurrk uj` skrok fk `mustks quk slj kskjeoìks p`r` i` supkrvovkjeo` fki rkeoïj jèofl.
Ulj clfoaoeèoljks rkspor`tlro`s, arkeukjeo` e`rfoè`, elilr fk poki, aujeoõj n`strlojtkstojì y ètovof`f cltlr`.
Uk prlfuekj kj uj i`psl `prlxoc`fl fk 4 dlr`s kj RJ jlrcìks y quk jl d`j suarofl ils kaketls fk sueksls
`fvkrsls ì p`rtl.
06>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Uk fovofk kj 5 pkrãlfls=
0.-XROCKR XKRÃLFL FK RK@EVOQOF@F= D`st` ils 0;
cojutls fkspuïs fki p`rtl= kstà ètovl, ìkrt` y elj tljl
cuseui`r ùckjt`fl. V`quoe`rfo` y t`quopjk`. Xukfkj
ùseuit`rsk erkpot`jtks tr`jsotlrols, ìktkl j`sì,
rksporèoõj ruofls` y rktrèeoljks elstìks. Uukik d`bkr
eokrtl fksekjsl fk tkcpkr`tur` elrplrì.
2.-OJVKRQ@IL FK XLE@ RKUX[KUV@= Kjtrk ils 0;
cojutls y fls dlr`s fk jèofl. Foscojuykj i`
arkeukjeo` e`rfoè` y rkspor`tlro`. Ki rkeoïj jèofl
j` eofl sk AON.056 (Xkrãlfl fk tr`jsoeoõj fki
qukf` flrcofl. Rkeoïj jèofl)
5.-UKN[JFL XKRÃLFL FK RK@EVOQOF@F= Fksfk i`s 2 ` 4 dlr`s iuknl fki p`rtl. Ki rkeoïj jèofl fkspokrt`
y sk tlrj` càs ètovl ` ils kstãcuils `cbokjtìks. I` ètovof`f cltroz ks v`ro`bik. Uk kst`boioz` i` tkcpkr`tur`
elrplrì.
EI@UOAOE@EOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL UKNÝJ KF@F NKUV@EOLJ@I
UKNÝJ KF@F NKUV@EOLJ@I=
l RKEOÏJ J@EOFL FK VÏRCOJL (RJV)= 54 ` 60 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj
l RKEOÏJ J@EOFL FK XRKVÏRCOJL (RJXR)= ckjlr fk 54 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj
l RKEOÏJ J@EOFL XLUV VÏRCOJL (RJXV)= 62 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj
UKNÝJ XKUL @I J@EKR=
Aon.05; (Rkeoïj jèofl sknýj pksl ì jèkr)

l @FKE[@FL X@R@ I@ KF@F NKUV@EOLJ@I (@KN)= kjtrk pkrekjtoiks 08 ` ?8
l XKP[KÐL X@R@ I@ KF@F NKUV@EOLJ@I (XKN)= 9 pkrekjtoi 08
l NR@JFK X@R@ I@ KF@F NKUV@EOLJ@I (NKN)= : pkrekjtoi ?8.
064

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Ils pkrekjtoiks slj r`jnls fk pksl c`jkm`fls kj t`bi`s p`r` ei`soaoe`r ki pksl
pk sl fk ils rkeoïj jèofls, kst`s
t`bi`s v`rã`j fk uj` ktjo` ` ltr`.
>.;.-@jtrlplcktrã` fki Rkeoïj Jèofl=

I` `jtrlplcktrã` ks ki eljmujtl fk tïejoe`s p`r` lbtkjkr ckfof`s prkeos`s fk i`s fockjsoljks elrplrìks fki
Rkeoïj jèofl ì clckjtl fk su jèocokjtl, p`r` kvìu`r ki erkeocokjtl ojtrùtkrojl fur`jtk ki pkrãlfl fk
nkstèoõj d`st` su jèocokjtl.
I`s ckfof`s `jtrlplcïtroe`s slj=
XKUL
ILJNOV[F L V@II@
XKROCKVRL
XKROCKVRL L EROE[J
EROE[JAKRKJEO@
AKRKJEO@ (er`jk`j`, tlràeoe`, `bflcojì)
AON.051 (Xksl) AON.05> (tìi`) AON.054 (Eoreujakrkjeo`)
XKUL XRLCKFOL @I J@EKR= 5288 nrs

V@II@ @I J@EKR= 61 ` ;8 ecs.
XKRÃCKVRL EKAÀIOEL= 55,1 + 8-0,; ecs.
XKRÃCKVRL VLRÀEOEL= 50,0 + 8-5 ecs.
XKRÃCKVRL @BFLCOJ@I= 24,0 + 8-5 ecs.
XOK= > ` 4 ecs. kj RJ fk tïrcojl
Ckjls fk > ecs kj RJ prk-tïrcojl.
06?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
LBMKVOQLU FK I@ @JVRLXLCKVRÃ@=
Fktket`r ckfof`s quk jl sk `mustkj ` ils ãjfoeks fk jlrcìof`f kj ki rkeoïj jèofl, ckfo`jtk i` vìlrèoõj
aãsoe` y fktìi`f` y` quk jls brojf` ojalrcèoõj ocplrt`jtk slbrk ki prlnrksl fki jklj`tl p`r` `f`pt`rsk ` i`
vof` kxtrùtkroj` vìlr`jfl=

• Ki erkeocokjtl ojtrùtkrojl fki Rkeoïj Jèofl.

• Uu kst`fl fk sìuf ì clckjtl fki jèocokjtl

• Fktkrcoj`r fo`njõstoel ekrtkrl.
E[OF@FL FKI RJ KJ KI X[KRXKROL

• Xkrc`jkek elj su c`frk
• Alckjtl fk i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` (`plyl,
tïejoe`, kte.)
• @spketl fki ckeljol y fkplsoeoljks fk
tr`jsoeoõj
• Elilr y `spketl fk i` poki

• Elcplrt`cokjtl y rkaikmls

• Kvliueoõj fki pksl ( > ` 08% fk pïrfof`)

• Kvliueoõj fki cuðõj ucboioeì, y euof`fl
fki lcbionl AON.05? (Euof`fls fki rkeoïj jèofl kj
BEN (vèuj` eljtr` i` tubkreuilsos)
• ki uk
ukrr krol
krol
Uerkkjojn ckt`bõioel (VUD y XG[)= kx`ckj fk rutoj` ` i`s 64 dlr`s fk vof`.
•
>.1.- Rli fki VKJU kj i` `tkjeoõj fki RJ y duc`jozèoõj fk i` sìuf quk kstk ocpioe`.

• C`jtkjkr i` [jof`f p`r` i` `tkjeoõj fki Rkeoïj Jèofl
prkp`r`f`

• Eli`blr`r kj ki c`jkml fki rkeoïj ojckfo`tl (`skl,
`sporèoõj, c`jkml fk tkcpkr`tur`, `pioeèoõj fk
vot`coj` y eliorol.)

• Qkroaoe`r ofkjtoaoeèoõj y skxl fki Rkeoïj Jèofl.

• Eli`blr`r kj `jtrlplcktrã` y kx`ckj aãsoel.

• Rkìoz` eljtrli fk sonsonjls
jls votìks fki RJ

• Euof`fl y `skl fki elrfõj ucboioeì, `skl c`tojì,
AON.068 (Rli fki VKJU kj i` `tkjeoõj

•
vkstu`rol ykicuf`
A`vlrkekr fkifki
`pknl RJRkeoïj Jèoflfl y su c`frk fki Rkeoïj Jèofl)

• Alckjt`r y aèoiot`r i` ièt`jeo` prkelz
0;8

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks

• Kfue` slbrk prkvkjeoõj fk nrokt`s fki pkzõj

• @tkjeoõj fki Rkeoïj jèofl p`tliõnoel kj euj` l ojeub`flr`

•
@iockjtèoõj fki Rkeoïj Jèofl elj ìockjtèoõj `rtoaoeoì y sljf` j`slnàstroe`

• Qìlrèoõj fki kst`fl nkjkrì fki Rkeoïj Jèofl
0;0

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
Kj uj dlspotì fk ìt` elcpikmof`f jèkj `prlxoc`f`ckjtk 288 rkeoïj jèofls ì cks, fk ils euìks uj
plrekjt`mk ckjlr jèk kj eljfoeoljks p`tliõnoe`s y i` c`ylrã` kj eljfoeoljks aosoliõnoe`s.
Elcpikt` i`s sonuokjtks ar`sks fkstè`jfl e`rètkrãstoe`s prlpo`s fk kstls rkeoïj jèofls aosoliõnoels=
0.-Fur`jtk ils prockrls fã`s fk vof` sk lbskrv` uj` pïrfof` fk pksl aosoliõnoe`
aosoliõnoe` fk uj \\\\\\\\\\% quk sk
rkeupkr` ì \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ fã`s fk vof`.
2.-Ki kstõc`nl ks pkqukðl elj uj` e`pèof`f fk \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ci.
5.-I`s dkeks kj ils prockrls 5 ` 6 fã`s fk vof` sk eljlekj elj ki jlcbrk fk\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6.-Ki elrfõj ucboioeì fknkjkr`, sk ske` y e`k fkjtrl fk ils \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ fã`s fk vof`.
@EVOQOF@F J¸2
FKU@RRLIIL
Kj uj p`bkiiõj lbstïtroel fk uj dlspotì fki Jlrtk fk jukstrl p`ãs ks ojtkrvkjof` fk eksàrk` i` pèokjtk C`robki
Lrtoz, fljfk jèk Rkeoïj Jèofl c`seuiojl elj pksl fk 6008 nrs y tìi` = ;8 ecs., kj bukj`s eljfoeoljks,
ii`jtl vonlrlsl.
Ks rkeobofl plr Jklj`tõilnl y c`trlj` fk turjl. Kstk rkìoz` ki kx`ckj aãsoel p`r` elcprlb`r ki kst`fl fki
rkeoïj jèofl.
0.-Jlcbr` 2 `spketls ` kvìu`r plr e`f` p`ràcktrl jlcbr`fl kj ki sonuokjtk eu`frl=
XOKI
0.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
E@R@
0.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
0;2

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
NKJOV@IKU
0.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.-@fkcàs ki Jklj`tõilnl rksofkjtk kx`coj` jkurliõnoe`ckjtk ` kstk rkeoïj jèofl `pioe`jfl c`jolbr`s
p`r` fktket`r i` prkskjeo` fk rkaikmls `reòels.
@ eljtojuèoõj sk prkskjt`j 5 ocànkjks elrrkspljfokjtks ` rkaikmls fk kstk rkeoïj jèofl. Elile` ki jlcbrk
fki rkaikml sknýj elrrkspljf`=
0.-JLCBRK FKI RKAIKML=

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
AON.060

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
AON.062

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
AON.065
0;5

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
5.-Ks ocplrt`jtk t`cboïj kvìu`r su aujeoõj e`rfolrrkspor`tlro` plr il euì ki Jklj`tõilnl `pioe` ` kstk rkeoïj
jèofl ki VKUV FK @XN@R. Jlcbr` ils ; p`ràcktrls quk cofk kstk tkst=
`) \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b) \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e) \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
f) \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
k) \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6.-Uo ì `pioe`r ki Vkst fk @XN@R ì cojutl fk vof` ki

k i pujt`mk auk fk 4, kstl ei`soaoe` ì rkeoïj jèofl=
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
;.-Ki jklj`tõilnl ì kx`coj`r ì joðl pukfk eljst`t`r su nr`fl

nr `fl fk c`furkz. Fk èukrfl ` kstl ïi elcprukb`
quk ki rkeoïj jèofl plr kx`ckj aãsoel tokjk 54 skc`j`s. Uknýj kst` kf`f nkstèoljì ei`soaoe`cl
ei`soaoe`clss ì
jklj`tl elcl=
RKEOÏJ J@EOFL FK\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
1.-Ki pksl fk kstk rkeoïj jèofl auk fk 6.088 nrs. Fk èukrfl ` kstk f`tl ki jklj`tõilnl elcprukb` ` tr`vïs
fk uj` t`bi`, quk slbrkp`s` ki pkrekjtoi
p krekjtoi 08, plr t`jtl sk ei`soaoe` elcl=
RKEOÏJ J@EOFL \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\X@R@ I@ KF@F NKUV@EOLJ@I
>.-Jlcbr` i`s 5 ckfof`s `jtrlplcïtroe`s `pioe`biks ` kstk rkeoïj jèofl=

`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
0;6

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
4.-Aojìckjtk, fkspuïs fk 2 dlr`s fk lbskrvèoõj ki rkeoïj jèofl ks iikv`fl elj su c`frk p`r` eljtoju`r ki
`pknl c`tkrjl k ojoeo`r ièt`jeo`
Fkspuïs fk i`s 2 dlr`s fk vof`, ki pkrãlfl fk tr`jsoeoõj fk kstk rkeoïj jèofl sk ii`c`=
?.-Jlcbr` ; èeoljks y/l lbskrvèoljks quk fkbkj rkìoz`rsk ` kstk rkeoïj jèofl kj ki pukrpkrol=
0.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
;.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
0;;
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F J¸0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
0.-Fur`jtk ils prockrls fã`s fk vof` sk lbskrv` uj` pïrfof` fk pksl aosoliõnoe` fk uj \\08 \\\% quk sk
rkeupkr` ì \\?-08 \\\\\ fã`s fk vof`.
\\ \\28 ` 58 \\\\\\\ci.
2.-Ki kstõc`nl ks pkqukðl elj uj` e`pèof`f fk \\\\
5.-I`s dkeks kj ils prockrls 5 ` 6 fã`s fk vof` sk eljlekj elj ki jlcbrk fk\\\\ CKELJOL \\\\\\\\
6.-Ki elrfõj ucboioeì fknkjkr`, sk ske` y e`k fkjtrl fk ils \\\ > ` 08 \\\\\ fã`s fk vof`.
@EVOQOF@F J¸2
FKU@RRLIIL
0.-
XOKI= (U[NKROF@U)
 Qïrjox E`sklsl= ([jtl skbàekl) Ks uj c`tkroì nr`sl bi`jqukeojl quk pukfk eubror ki eukrpl,
kspkeoìckjtk kj ki prkc`turl, kj ki joðl fk tïrcojl usuìckjtk kstà slbrk ki flrsl, eukrl e`bkiiufl y
pioknuks.
 I`junl= Xkil aojl quk pukfk kst`r prkskjtk slbrk ils dlcbrls y flrsl.
f lrsl. Kj ki prkc`turl pukfk skr càs
`bujf`jtk.
E@R@= (U[NKROF@U)
 Lmls= Elj arkeukjeo` kstàj ekrr`fls y ils pàrp`fls kfkc`tlsls, pkrl ils `brk so sk ik cukvk dèo`
i` iuz y slcbr` kj alrc` ìtkrj`f`. Ki oros ks d`botuìckjtk fk elilr nrosàekl. Ks arkeukjtk i` prkskjeo` fk
dkclrr`no`s subeljmujtovìks, kseikkrìks
rìks quk jl rkquokrkj tr`t`cokjtl. I` pupoi` fkbk rkspljfkr ` i` iuz.
 J`roz= Ki RJ ks prkakrkjtkckjtk rkspor`flr j`sì y pukfk prkskjt`r foaoeuit`f rkspor`tlro` plr
`trkso` fk el`j`s. Fkbk eljaorc`rsk su pkrck`boiof`f p`s`jfl uj` sljf` j`slnàstroe` so sk slspked`. Ks
arkeukjtk lbskrv` pkqukðls pujtls `c`roiils kj ki flrsl fk i` j`roz quk sk fkjlcoj`j coiouc
skbàekl. Elrrkspljfk ` niàjfui`s skbàek`s. Ks uj akjõckjl jlrcì.
NKJOV@IKU= (U[NKROF@U)
 Kj ki RJ fk tïrcojl ki kserltl ks pkjfui`r, elj `rrun`s quk eubrkj ki sèl, ponckjt`fl.

 Ils tkstãeuils fkbkj kst`r fksekjfofls.
0;1

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2.-RKAIKMLU
0.-C@RED@
2.-XI@JV@R
5.-CLRL
5.-X@R@CKVRLU FKI VKUV FK @XN@R=

`) ARKE[KJEO@ E@RFO@E@
b) KUA[KR]L RKUXOR@VLROL
e) VLJL C[UE[I@R
f) ORROV@BOIOF@F
k) ELILR
6.-EI@UOAOE@EOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL ELJ @XN@R 4
R= Rkeoïj jèofl kj bukj`s eljfoeoljks, soj `saoxo`
;.-EI@UOAOE@EOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL UKNÝJ KF@F NKUV@EOLJ@I
R= RKEOÏJ J@EOFL FK VÏRCOJL (RJV)
1.-EI@UOAOE@EOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL UKNÝJ XKUL=
R= RKEOÏJ J@EOFL NR@JFK X@R@ I@ KF@F NKUV@EOLJ@I
N KUV@EOLJ@I (NKN)
>.-VRKU CKFOF@U @JVRLXLCÏVROE@U=
`) XKUL
b) V@II@
e) XKRÃCKVRL L EORE[JAKRKJEO@ (er`jk`j`, tlràeoe`, `bflcojì)
4.-KV@X@ FK VR@JUOEOÕJ
R= UKN[JFL XKRÃLFL FK RK@EVOQOF@F
0;>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
?.- @EEOLJKU _/L LBUKRQ@EOLJKU P[K FKBKJ RK@IO]@RUK @ KUVK RKEOÏJ J@EOFL KJ KI
X[KRXKROL
U[NKROF@U=
• Alckjtl fk i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` (`plyl, tïejoe`, kte.)
• @spketl fki ckeljol y fkplsoeoljks fk tr`jsoeoõj
• Elilr y `spketl fk i` poki
•
Elcplrt`cokjtl y rkaikmls
• Kvliueoõj fki pksl ( > ` 08% fk pïrfof`))
• Kvliueoõj fki cuðõj ucboioeì, y euof`fl fki lcbionl

• BEN (vèuj` eljtr` i` tubkreuilsos)
• Uerkkjojn ckt`bõioel (VUD y XG[)= kx`ckj fk rutoj` ` i`s 64 dlr`s fk vof`.
0;4

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
Rkeoïj jèofl aosoliõnoel y p`tliõnoel, e`rètkrãstoe`s, ei`soaoeèoõõjj y euof`fls
dttps=//ks.serobf.elc/fle/>>482;45/Rke
dttps=//ks.serobf.elc/fle/>>482;45/Rkeokj-Jèofl-Aosolilnoel-y-X`tlil
okj-Jèofl-Aosolilnoel-y-X`tlilnoel noel
Rkaikmls `reòels fki rkeoïj jèofl

dttp=//rkkfue`.elc/rkeokj-jèofl-vìlrèoljrkaikmls.`spx
Kx`ckj aãsoel fki Rkeoïj jèofl
dttp=//kseuki`.ckf.pue.ei/p`noj`s/pubioe
dttp=//kseuki`.ckf.pue.ei/p`noj`s/pubioeèoljks/c`juìpkf/rjkxao
èoljks/c`juìpkf/rjkxaossoel.dtci
oel.dtci
@XN@R fki rkeoïj jèofl

dttp=//ckfoeoj`cjkcltkejo`s.bilnsplt.el
dttp=//ckfoeoj`cjkcltkejo`s.bilnsplt.elc/280;/82/prukb`-fk-`pn`r\2.dtci
c/280;/82/prukb`-fk-`pn`r\2.dtci
0;?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Kxpioe`j ils aujf`ckjtls fk i` pi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r, ofkjtoaoe`jfl ils cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls càs
utoioz`fls kj ki ckfol jèoljì y ils `spketls nkjkrìks fk i` p`tlilnã` akckjoj` fk eàjekr y
kjakrckf`fks fk tr`jscosoõj skxuì.
4.0.- Xi`joaoeèoõj A`coio`r. Fkaojoeoõj y Cïtlfls.
XI@JOAOE@EOÕJ A@COIO@R=
I` pi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r pkrcotk ` i`s pkrslj`s tkjkr ki

jýckrl fk domls quk fksk`j y fktkrcoj`r ki ojtkrvìl kjtrk
kcb`r`zls. Uk ilnr` ckfo`jtk i` `pioeèoõj fk cïtlfls
`jtoeljekptovls y ki tr`t`cokjtl fk i` kstkroiof`f (kj kst`
jlt` sk `blrf` slil i` `jtoeljekpeoõj).
AON.066 (Xi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r)
Bkjkaoeols fk i` pi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r y fk i` `jtoeljekpeoõj
I` prlcleoõj fk i` pi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r ‖y ki èeksl ` ils cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls prkakrofls p`r` i`s
cumkrks y i`s p`rkm`s‖ rksuit` kskjeoì p`r` ilnr`r ki bokjkst`r y i` ùtljlcã` fk i`s cumkrks y, ì coscl
tokcpl, `ply`r i` sìuf y ki fks`rrliil fk i`s elcujof`fks.
Kjtrk ils bkjkaoeols kjeljtr`cls=
 Xrkvkjeoõj fk ils roksnls p`r` i` sìuf rkièolj`fls elj ki kcb`r`zl kj i`s cumkrks
 Rkfueeoõj fk i` clrtìof`f oja`jtoi
 Xrkvkjeoõj fk i` ojakeeoõj plr ki QOD y ki UOF@
 Xlfkr fk fkeosoõj y uj` ckmlr kfueèoõj
 Foscojueoõj fki kcb`r`zl fk `fliksekjtks
 Ckjlr erkeocokjtl fk i` plbièoõj
CÏVLFLU @JVOELJEKXVOQLU
Ils cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls ojeiuykj tlfls ils cïtlfls l prlekfocokjtls quk sk utoioz`j p`r` prkvkjor
kcb`r`zls kj cumkrks y dlcbrks quk d`j ojoeo`fl ètovof`f skxuì. Uk ei`soaoe`j kj=
CÏVLFLU DLRCLJ@IKU=
 Cïtlfls elcboj`fls quk eljtokjkj kstrõnkjl y prlnkstànkjl y quk sk pukfkj `fcojostr`r elcl
pãiflr`s, ojykeeoljks, `joiil v`nojì l p`redk tr`jsfïrcoel.
 Cïtlfls quk eljtokjkj slil prlnkstànkjl y quk sk pukfkj `fcojostr`r elcl pãiflr`s, ojykeeoljks,
ocpi`jtks, `joiil v`nojì l fosplsotovl ojtrùtkrojl.
 @jtoeljekpeoõj dlrcljì fk kckrnkjeo` quk pukfk eljsostor kj pãiflr`s fk ikvljlrnkstrki slil l kj
pãiflr`s elcboj`f`s.
018

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
CÏVLFLU JL DLRCLJ@IKU RKQKRUOBIKU=
 Fosplsotovls ojtrùtkrojls elj elbrk.

 @jtoeljekptovls fk b`rrkr` c`seuiojls (eljfõj) y akckjojls (eljfõj, foàr`nc`7 kspkrcoeof`s).
 Cïtlfl fk i` `ckjlrrk` fk ièt`jeo`.
 Cïtlfls fk `bstojkjeo` pkroõfoe` = clel ekrvoeì (Boiiojns)
CÏVLFLU JL DLRCLJ@IKU XKRC@JKJVKU=
 @jtoeljekpeoõj quorýrnoe` vliujt`ro` (kstkroiozèoõj) akckjoj`.

 @jtoeljekpeoõj quorýrnoe` vliujt`ro` (kstkroiozèoõj) c`seuioj`.
E@R@EVKRÃUVOE@U CÀU OCXLRV@JVKU FK ILU @JVOELJEKXVOQLU=

Kaoeèo`= Rkprkskjt` ki roksnl fk quk uj` cumkr sk kcb`rèk ùjquk kii` l su p`rkm` kstïj us`jfl uj cïtlfl
`jtoeljekptovl. I` kaoeèo` ks c`ylr eu`jfl ki cïtlfl sk us` kj alrc` pkraket` y ckjlr fur`jtk ki usl tãpoel,
y` quk ìnuj`s pkrslj`s us`j ils cïtlfls kj alrc` ojelrrket`.
Uknurof`f= @inuj`s cumkrks prkskjt`j eljfoeoljks fk sìuf quk rkstrojnkj ki usl fk ìnujls cïtlfls. Kj
nkjkrì, i`s y ils mõvkjks jl tokjkj prlbikc`s fk sìuf quk i`s/ils pljn`j kj roksnl
r oksnl so us`j uj `jtoeljekptovl.
@ekpt`boiof`f= I`s e`rètkrãstoe`s fk e`f` cïtlfl `jtoeljekptovl, pukfkj àket`r fk fostojt` c`jkr` `
foakrkjtks pkrslj`s. E`f` pkrslj` fkbk plfkr kiknor ki càs `fkeu`fl ` sus jkeksof`fks.
Aèoiof`f fk usl= Eu`jfl ki usl fki cïtlfl ks aàeoi, ks càs prlb`bik plfkr utoioz`ril kj alrc` elrrket`. Xlr
ksl sk fkbk kxonor ojalrcèoõj ei`r` k ojfoeèoljks prkeos`s slbrk i` alrc` fk usl.
Fospljoboiof`f= Ils cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls kstàj fospljobiks nr`tuot`ckjtk kj ils eljsuitlrols fk ils
skrvoeols fk sìuf, y elj fostojtls prkeols kj i`s a`rcèo`s y kj i`s eljsuit`s prov`f`s fk ils cïfoels y
c`trlj`s.
Rkvkrsoboiof`f= I` rkeupkrèoõj fk i` akrtoiof`f l sk` i` e`pèof`f fk plfkr kcb`r`z`rsk fkspuïs fk i`
suspkjsoõj fki cïtlfl ks uj kikckjtl kskjeoì p`r` i`s y ils mõvkjks quokjks fksk`j plstkrn`r ki prockr
kcb`r`zl.
Elstl= Ki elstl fk ils `jtoeljekptovls ks ocplrt`jtk p`r` i` nkjtk mlvkj quk sukik tkjkr rkeursls keljõcoels
iocot`fls.. Kj ils skrvoeols fk sìuf sk kjtrkn`j kj alrc` nr`tuot`.
iocot`fls
010

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.06;
A[KJVK= Uk d`j us`fl ils erotkrols fk Ckfoeì Kionoboioty Erotkro` alr Eljtrèkptovk [sk (Erotkrols Cïfoels fk
Kiknoboiof`f p`r` ki [sl fk @jtoeljekptovls) ― 6ª kf. Lrn`jozèoõj Cujfoì fk i` Uìuf, 2808.
2808.
FKUEROXEOÕJ FK ILU @JVOELJEKXVOQLU CÀU [VOIO]@FLU
Kaoeèo`
p`r`
Cïtlfl Fkseropeoõj Eõcl aujeolj` Lbskrvèoljks
prkvkjor ki
kcb`r`zl
@jtoeljekptovls :??% so sk
Eljtokjk fls
lrìks kj Kvot` i` iobkrèoõj us` fk
dlrclj`s
elcbojèoõj (i` fk õvuils plr ils c`jkr`
(kstrõnkjl y
«p`stoii`· l lv`rols (lvuièoõj) elrrket` y
«pãiflr`·) prlnkstànkjl) slstkjof`
AON.061 (@jtoeljekptovls lrìks)
012

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Foscojuyk ki roksnl fk eàjekr

kjflcktroì y lvàroel.
Dèk càs kspksl
ki clel fki
X`stoii`s fk eljfuetl fki eukiil ??% so sk
Eljtokjk
prlnkstànkjl utkrojl, il quk us` fk
ýjoe`ckjtk
slil ocpofk quk ils c`jkr`
prlnkstkrlj` (soj
«cojop`stoii`· l kspkrc`tlzlofks y elrrket` y AON.06> (@jtoeljekptovl fk ièt`jeo`)
kstrõnkjl)
«cojopãiflr`· ki õvuil sk mujtkj y slstkjof` Xukfk us`rsk cokjtr`s sk `c`c`jt`7
prkvokjk i` fkbk tlc`rsk tlfls ils fã`s ` i`
lvuièoõj cosc` dlr`
Dèk càs kspksl

Eoiojfrls l eàpsui`s
ki clel fki
pkqukðls y
eljfuetl fki eukiil
aikxobiks quk sk
elile`j fkb`ml fk utkrojl, il quk
Ocpi`jtks ocpofk ki kjeukjtrl :??% AON.064 (Ocpi`jtk)
i` poki fki br`zl7
fk ils Fkbk skr ojskrt`fl y kxtr`ãfl plr
eljtokjkj
kspkrc`tlzlofks pkrsljì s`jot`rol7 sk pukfk us`r
ýjoe`ckjtk
elj ki õvuil y kvot` fur`jtk 5 ` ; `ðls, sknýj ki topl7 i`s
prlnkstànkjl
i` lvuièoõj dkclrr`no`s v`nojìks orrknui`rks slj
elcujks pkrl jl f`ðoj`s
Dèk càs kspksl

ki clel fki
eljfuetl fki eukiil :??% so sk
Uk ojyket` plr vã`
utkrojl, il quk us` fk
Xrlnkstànkjl kj ojtr`cuseui`r e`f`
ocpofk ki kjeukjtrl c`jkr` AON.06? (@jtoeljekptovl ojyket`bik
alrc` ojyket`bik 2 õ 5kicksks, sknýj
prlfuetl fk ils elrrket` y Vrockstrì))
kspkrc`tlzlofks slstkjof` @i eks`r ki usl, i` akeujfof`f t`rf` kj
elj ki õvuil y kvot` rk`p`rkekr (ekre` fk 0 y 6 cksks kj
i` lvuièoõj prlckfol)7 i`s dkclrr`no`s v`nojìks
orrknui`rks slj elcujks pkrl jl
f`ðoj`s
Uk ojyket`j e`f`
Ojyket`biks :??% so sk
cks plr vã`
ckjsuìks l Ocpofk quk ils us`j fk
ojtr`cuseui`r7
`jtoeljekptovls lv`rols iobkrkj c`jkr`
eljtokjkj AON. 0;8 (@jtoeljekptovl ojyket`bik
ojyket`biks kj õvuils (lvuièoõj) elrrket` y
kstrõnkjl y ckjsuì)
elcbojèoõj slstkjof`
prlnkstànkjl I`s dkclrr`no`s v`nojìks orrknui`rks
slj elcujks pkrl jl f`ðoj`s
015

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Fosplsotovl piàstoel
aikxobik y pkqukðl Ki elbrk f`ð` ils
Fosplsotovl
quk eljtokjk uj `s` kspkrc`tlzlofks k
ojtrùtkrojl (FO[)= :??%
l eubokrt` fk elbrk ocpofk quk sk
fk elbrk AON.0;0 (Fosplsotovl ojtrùtkrojl)
y sk ojskrt` kj ki mujtkj elj ki õvuil
ýtkrl Foscojuyk i` arkeukjeo` fk eõioel
ckjstruì y ils sãjtlc`s fk
kjflcktrolsos7 `ckjlrrk` (ùskjeo`
fk dkclrr`no` ckjstruì) kj uj nrupl
fk usu`ro`s
Alrc` uj` b`rrkr` ?4% so sk

Eljfõj Qòj` l eubokrt` quk ocpofk ki us` fk
quk kjvukivk ki kjeukjtrl fk ils c`jkr`
c`seuiojl AON.0;2 (Cïtlfl fk b`rrkr`
pkjk krketl kspkrc`tlzlofks elrrket` y
c`seuiojl)
elj ki õvuil slstkjof`
V`cboïj prltknk fk i`s ojakeeoljks fk
tr`jscosoõj skxuì, kj p`rtoeui`r i`
eùs`f` plr ki QOD
Qòj` l alrrl quk sk

`f`pt`
?8% so sk
dlin`f`ckjtk ` i` Alrc` uj` b`rrkr`
us` fk
v`noj`7 kstà dkedl quk ocpofk quk ils
Eljfõj akckjojl c`jkr`
fk uj c`tkroì kspkrc`tlzlofks y
elrrket` y
piàstoel ki õvuil sk mujtkj AON.0;5 (Cïtlfl fk b`rrkr` akckjojl)
slstkjof`
tr`jsp`rkjtk,
su`vk aojl y V`cboïj prltknk fk i`s ojakeeoljks fk
tr`jscosoõj skxuì, kj p`rtoeui`r i`
eùs`f` plr ki QOD
@jtoeljekpeoõj
pkrc`jkjtk plr i`
:??%
euì sk bilquk`j l
fkspuïs fk
Kstkroiozèoõj elrt`j ils tubls Ocpofk quk d`y`
i`
c`seuioj` (eljfuetls kspkrc`tlzlofks kj
kvìuèoõj
(v`sketlcã`) fkakrkjtks) quk ki skckj kyèui`fl
fki skckj ` AON.0;6 (Q`sketlcã`)
tr`jsplrt`j ils
ils 5 cksks V`rf` kj ètu`r ujls 5 cksks fkbofl
kspkrc`tlzlofks
fksfk ils tkstãeuils ` quk qukf`j kspkrc`tlzlofks
ìcèkj`fls7 jl àket` ki
016

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
aujeolj`cokjtl skxuì fki dlcbrk7 ks

aujf`ckjtì quk sk` uj` kikeeoõj
vliujt`ro` y elj eljleocokjtl fk
eùs`
Kstkroiozèoõj @jtoeljekpeoõj
Ils õvuils jl
akckjoj` pkrc`jkjtk plr i`
pukfkj mujt`rsk
(ion`fur` fk i`s euì sk bilquk`j l :??%
elj ils
trlcp`s7 elrt`j i`s trlcp`s
kspkrc`tlzlofks AON.0;; (Uìpojnlion`fur` fk trlcp`s)
sìpojnketlcã`) fk Aìlpol
Ks aujf`ckjtì quk sk` uj` kikeeoõj
vliujt`ro` y elj eljleocokjtl fk
eùs`
Ks uj cïtlfl fk
`jtoeljekpeoõj
tkcplrì p`r` i`s
cumkrks
p`rof`s qukrkeoïj
jl d`j ??% so sk
Cïtlfl fk i` Ocpofk quk ils `pioe` fk
vukitl ` ckjstru`r7
`ckjlrrk` fki lv`rols iobkrkj c`jkr`
kxonk ki
`c`c`jt`cokjtl õvuils (lvuièoõj) elrrket` y
`c`c`jt`cokjtl
slstkjof` AON.0;1 (@jtoeljekpeoõj plr ièt`jeo`)
kxeiusovl l fã` y
jledk elcpiktls, Ks uj cïtlfl tkcplrì fk
fk uj` ero`tur` pi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r b`s`fl kj ki
ckjlr fk 1 cksks kaketl j`turì fki `c`c`jt`cokjtl
slbrk i` akeujfof`f
Ulj p`stoii`s fk
prlnkstànkjl quk
Rkfuek kj
@jtoeljekpeoõj sk tlc`j p`r`
uj 18% `
fk urnkjeo` prkvkjor ki
(ikvljlrnkstrki, kcb`r`zl d`st` ; Kvot` i` lvuièoõj uj ?8% ki
roksnl fk
0,; cn) fã`s fkspuïs fk
kcb`r`zl
uj` rkièoõj skxuì AON.0;> (@jtoeljekptovl fk urnkjeo`)
soj prltkeeoõj Jl ìtkr` ki kcb`r`zl so kstk y` sk d`
prlfueofl
01;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
4.2.- Fkaojoeoõj y e`rètkrãstoe`s fki pkrÃlfl fk eioc`tkrol. Eljekptl fk ckjlpùso`

ELJEKXVL FK EIOC@VKROL
Ki eioc`tkrol ks uj pkrãlfl fk tr`jsoeoõj quk sk
prliljn` fur`jtk `ðls, `jtks y fkspuïs fk
i` ckjlpùso` (ýitoc` ckjstruèoõj kj i` vof` fk
uj` cumkr), elcl eljskeukjeo` fki `nlt`cokjtl
lvàroel,, `sleo`fl ` uj` foscojueoõj kj i`
lvàroel
prlfueeoõj fk kstrõnkjls
kstrõnkjls y y quk pokrfk elj ils
`ðls i` e`pèof`f p`r`
prlfueor dlrclj`s
dlrclj`s,, aliãeuils
aliãeuils y
y lvleotls
lvleotls..
AON.0;4 (Eioc`tkrol)
Kj i` cumkr, sk sukik eljaujfor elj ckjlpùso`, quk ks i` ýitoc` ckjstruèoõj. Fur`jtk ki eioc`tkrol aojìoz`
i` e`fkj` fk prleksls quk, fksfk ki cks sonuokjtk ` i` pubkrt`f, d`j prkp`r`fl ` i` cumkr p`r` ki kcb`r`zl.
Dèo` ki elcokjzl fki eioc`tkrol y` sk d`j utoioz`fl tlfls ils aliãeuils lvàroels y jl sk prlfuekj i`s dlrclj`s
quk rknui`j ki eoeil ckjsuì. Kj cuedls e`sls, sk prliljn` e`f` vkz càs ki eoeil ckjstruì.
UONJLU _ UÃJVLC@U=
Ki eioc`tkrol ks uj` kt`p`, plr il nkjkrì kj i` vof` `fuit`

` fuit` fk i` cumkr, e`rètkroz`f` plr i` `p`roeoõj fk sonjls
y sãjtlc`s `sleo`fls ` uj` foscojueoõj kj i` prlfueeoõj fk kstrõnkjls. Ks uj pkrãlfl fk ojvliueoõj
èlcp`ð`fl fk uj` skrok fk c`joakstèoljks aãsoe`s y kcleoljìks rkièolj`f`s elj e`cbols boliõnoels y
sleoìks. Vlf`s i`s c`joakstèoljks jl slj elcujks ` tlf`s i`s cumkrks quk kstàj p`s`jfl plr kst` kt`p`
sojl quk fkpkjfk fk e`f` cumkr. @fkcàs, jl tlf`s i`s cumkrks slj onuìks psoeliõnoe`ckjtk elj il euì juje`
sk s`bk eõcl pukfkj rkèeolj`r ` kstk prleksl.
AON.0;? (Uonjls y sãjtlc`s fki eioc`tkrol)

Ils sonjls y sãjtlc`s fki eioc`tkrol elcokjz`j fur`jtk uj` vkjt`j` fk tokcpl v`ro`bik ii`c`f` prk-
ckjlpùso`, eljskeukjeo` fki ojoeol fk aiuetuèoljks kj i`s eljekjtrèoljks kstrlnïjoe`s. Kjtrk kiils sk
kjeukjtr`j=
011

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Xkrãlfls ckjstruìks orrknui`rks
Vr`stlrjls kj i` tkrclrrknuièoõj
t krclrrknuièoõj y v`slfoi`tèoõj=

Bledlrjls
 Eìlrks l kjekjfocokjtl clikstl fki rlstrl
 Uuflrèoõj jleturj`
 E`cbols kj ki kst`fl fk àjocl.
Uãjtlc`s ckjls arkeukjtks=
 Fksc`yl
 A`ton`
 Qïrtonl.
Ckt`bõioels=
@inujls fk ils
c`joaokst`j, e`cbols
kjtrk ltrls, quk
slj=elcokjz`j kj ki eioc`tkrol àket`j ki ckt`blioscl y euof`fls aosoliõnoels quk sk
 Ukqukf`f v`nojì
 Xrlbikc`s uroj`rols=
Ojeljtojkjeo` y urnkjeo` uroj`ro`
l
Xliouro` k
l
Ojakeeoljks uroj`ro`s, elcl i` eostotos.

l
 C`stotos
 Lstklplrlsos
 Kjakrckf`fks e`rfolv`seui`rks jl rkièolj`fls elj i` kf`f
@tkrlseikrlsos
l
Dopkrtkjsoõj `rtkroì
l

 Fo`bktks
Eàjekr fk c`c` y fk kjflcktrol
 Ojslcjol.
Ojslcjol.
01>
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Xsoeliõnoels
@inuj`s cumkrks kxpkrockjt`j uj e`cbol kj orrot`boiof`f y uj` fkeiojèoõj kj i`
ojtkjsof`f kcleoljì soj quk, plr il nkjkrì, sk vk` àket`f` i` s`tosaèeoõj
pkrsljì quk àket`j, kj fovkrsls nr`fls i`s rkièoljks a`coio`rks k
ojtkrpkrsljìks fk i` cumkr. Uk pukfkj vkr e`cbols kj i` vof` skxuì, elcl
foscojueoõj fk i` iobofl, fosp`rkujo` y `jlrn`sco`.
AON.018 (E`cbols psoeliõnoels
kj ki eioc`tkrol)
CKJLX@[UO@
Elcl ckjlpùso` sk fkjlcoj` ki eksk fk i`

ckjstruèoõj, fk c`jkr` j`turì y pkrc`jkjtk kj i`
cumkr.
Ks eùs`f` plr i` ojtkrrupeoõj fk i` prlfueeoõj fk õvuils,

`sleo`f` ` i` foscojueoõj fk i`s dlrclj`s fki kstrõnkjl y
i` prlnkstkrlj`. Uu projeopì eljskeukjeo` p`r` ki
lrn`joscl akckjojl ks quk, fkspuïs fk ïst`, i` cumkr y`
jl pukfk qukf`r kcb`r`z`f`. AON.010 (Ckjlpùso`)
I` ckjlpùso` leurrk kj i` c`ylrã` fk i`s cumkrks kjtrk ils 64 y ;2 `ðls, so bokj pukfk leurror fksfk ils 68
` ils ;; `ðls.
Ki pkrãlfl ckjlpàusoel sk fovofk kj trks a`sks =
 I` prkckjlpùso`, quk elcprkjfk ki pkrãlfl rkprlfuetovl `jtkrolr ` i` ckjlpùso`.

 I` pkrockjlpùso`, quk ks i` a`sk kj quk elcokjz`j ils kvkjtls aosoliõnoels quk ojfoe`j i` prlxocof`f
fk i` ckjlpùso`.
 I` plstckjlpùso`, quk ks ki pkrãlfl quk sonuk ` i` ýitoc` ckjstruèoõj.
VR@V@COKJVL U[NKROFL F[R@JVK KI EIOC@VKROL
Vr`t`cokjtl dlrcljì= Ks kspkeoìckjtk kaoe`z eljtr`

cliksto`s vknkt`tov`s fk i` ckjlpùso`,
elcl slalels y suflrèoljks.
014

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Erkc`s dlrcljìks p`r` eljtr`rrkst`r i` `trlao` fk ils tkmofls kj ils õrn`jls skxuìks, quk sk c`joaokst`
elj i` skqukf`f v`nojì l flilrks kj i`s rkièoljks skxuìks.
AON.012 (Vr`t`cokjtl dlrcljì fur`jtk
ki eioc`tkrol)
Vr`t`cokjtl dlrcljì ` i`rnl pi`zl prkvokjk i` lstklplrlsos, puks fur`jtk ki eioc`tkrol dèk quk foscojuy`
i` pïrfof` fk c`s` õsk` y rkfuek `sã ki roksnl fk rltur`s õsk`s.
Ojtkrvkjeoõj quorýrnoe`= Uo fur`jtk i` ckjlpùso` sk prlfuekj orrknui`rof`fks kj
i` ckjstruèoõj
ki ýtkrl rkpktof`ckjtk,
(dostkrketlcã`). pukfk skr jkeks`ro` uj` lpkrèoõj kj i` quk ki cïfoel kxtorp`
Aotldlrclj`s= Uust`jeo`s vknktìks elj uj kaketl socoi`r ` i`s dlrclj`s.
Fkplrtk= I`s cumkrks quk sk prkleup`j plr prètoe`r fkplrtk suaoeokjtkckjtk y plr iikv`r uj` ìockjtèoõj
rknui`r roe` kj eìeol y vot`coj` F, y` pukfkj eljtr`rrkst`r `sã i` c`ylrã` fk i`s cliksto`s fk i` ckjlpùso`.
4.5.-Eljekptl fk eàjekr eïrvoel-utkrojl.
Ki eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl ks uj` ìtkrèoõj ekiui`r quk sk lronoj` kj ki kpotkiol fki eukiil fki ýtkrl y quk sk
c`joaokst` ojoeoìckjtk ` tr`vïs fk iksoljks prkeurslr`s fk ikjt` y prlnrksov` kvliueoõj, quk sk pukfkj suekfkr
kj kt`p`s=
 FOUXI@UO@ IKQK
 FOUXI@UO@ CLFKR@F@
 FOUXI@UO@ UKQKR@.
Kvliueolj`j `=
 Eàjekr oj sotu (eoreujserotl ` i` supkraoeok kpotkioì) y/l `
 Eàjekr ojv`slr, kj quk ki elcprlcosl tr`sp`s` i` ckcbr`j` b`sì.
CKFOF@U FK XRKQKJEOÕJ _ FKVKEEOÕJ XRKEL]

`) Kfueèoõj ` i` plbièoõj
b) Qèujèoõj eljtr` ki Qorus X`poilc` Duc`jl
e) Kx`ckj eotliõnoel pkroõfoel (X@X) fksfk ojoeol fk ètovof`f skxuì l eljalrck ` i`s jlrc`s
cojostkroìks.
f) Fkrovèoõj lplrtuj` kj e`sl fk X@X ìtkr`fl.
01?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.015 (Aiumlnr`c`, @tkjeoõj fk eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl)
Aukjtk= Cojsì 2808
4.6.-Eljekptl fk eàjekr fk c`c`s=
Ki eàjekr fk c`c` ks uj` prlioakrèoõj cìonj` fk i`s eïiui`s kpotkioìks quk

rkvostkj ils eljfuetls l ilbuioiils c`c`rols. Ki tuclr rksuit`jtk, quk
elcokjz` elcl `jlcìã` ikvk, p`s` ` skr nr`vk eu`jfl ojv`fk tkmofls
vkeojls y, aojìckjtk, ì prlp`n`rsk ` ltr`s p`rtks fki eukrpl.
AON.016 (Eàjekr fk c`c`s)
0>8

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Kxostkj fls topls projeopìks fk eàjekr fk c`c`=
 Ki e`reojlc` fuetì ojaoitr`jtk, quk elcokjz` kj ils eljfuetls quk

iikv`j ikedk fksfk i` c`c` d`st` ki pkzõj, ks plr cuedl ki càs
arkeukjtk (`prlxoc`f`ckjtk ki 48% fk ils e`sls).
 Ki sknujfl iun`r il leup` ki e`reojlc` ilbuioii`r ojaoitr`jtk (08 `
02% fk ils e`sls), quk elcokjz` kj p`rtks fk i`s c`c`s ii`c`f`s
ilbuioiils, quk prlfuekj i` ikedk c`tkrj`.
AON.01; (E`reojlc` fuetì ojaoitr`jtk)
Ils projeopìks aètlrks fk roksnl fk eljtr`kr eàjekr fk c`c` ojeiuykj=
 [j` kf`f `v`jz`f`

 I` prockr` ckjstruèoõj ` tkcpr`j` kf`f
 Kf`f `v`jz`f` kj ki clckjtl fki prockr p`rtl l juje` d`bkr f`fl ` iuz
 @jtkekfkjtks a`coio`rks fk eàjekr fk c`c`
 Ki dkedl fk eljsucor dlrclj`s tìks elcl kstrõnkjl y prlnkstkrlj`
 Eljsucor ioelr
 Ukr fk r`z` bi`je`
 Kjtrk ; ` 08% fk ils e`sls, ki eàjekr fk c`c` ks eùs`fl plr cutèoljks nkjïtoe`s dkrkf`f`s.
0>0

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
FO@NJÕUVOEL
 C`clnràã`
 Kelnràã` c`c`ro`
 Kelnràã` Flppikr
 Rkslj`jeo` c`njïtoe`
 Bolpso` c`c`ro`
AON.011 (Kx`ckj fk c`clnràã`)
AON.
01>
AI[MLNR@C@ FK @EVOQOF@FKU X@R@ KI FO@NJÕUVOEL _ VR@V@COKJVL FKI EÀJEKR FK

C@C@
Aukjtk= Cojsì, `ðl 2808
0>2

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
XRKQKJEOÕJ FKI EÀJEKR C@C@ROL

Ki eàjekr fk c`c` jl sk pukfk prkvkjor,
p rkvkjor, soj kcb`rnl kstufols
rkeokjtks p`rkekj fkclstr`r quk ki roksnl fk p`fkekr eàjekr fk
c`c` sk pukfk rkfueor=
 Rkìoz`jfl kmkreoeol aãsoel fk alrc` rknui`r (ì ckjls 6 dlr`s `

i` skc`j`)
 Kvot`jfl ki slbrkpksl y i` lbksof`f tr`s i` ckjlpùso` AON.014 (Xrkvkjeoõj fki
 Kvot`jfl ki eljsucl rknui`r fk ìeldli eàjekr c`c`rol)
 Kvotk ki tr`t`cokjtl dlrcljì sustotutovl tr`s i` ckjlpùso`
 Kstufols fkcukstr`j quk ki kcb`r`zl y i`y i` ièt`jeo` prkvokjkj y rkfuekj ki roksnl fk p`fkekr eàjekr fk
c`c` kj cumkrks.
Uo kxostk uj` dostlro` a`coio`r fk eàjekr fk c`c` ks eljvkjokjtk quk sk pof` Eljskml nkjïtoel, quk pkrcotorà
fktkrcoj`r so sk `sleo` elj uj` cutèoõj nkjïtoe`.
4.;.-Nkjkrìof`fks fk kjakrckf`fks fk tr`jscosoõj skxuì (Dkrpks nkjotì, Quivlv`nojotos, Vroelclj`s,
Vroelclj`s,
Nljlrrk`, Uãaoios).
FKAOJOEOÕJ FK OJAKEEOÕJ FK VR@JUCOUOÕJ UKT[@I (OVU)
I`s Ojakeeoljks fk Vr`jscosoõj Ukxuì (OVU) slj uj nrupl dktkrlnïjkl fk kjakrckf`fks tr`jscosobiks, quk
àket`j ` dlcbrks y cumkrks, euyl kikckjtl kj elcýj ks i` tr`jscosoõj plr vã` skxuì.
Vlf`s i`s OVU sk pukfkj prkvkjor, fo`njlstoe`r y tr`t`r. I`s OVU càs
arkeukjtks kj Edoik slj=
 Eljfoilc` @eucoj`fl
 Uãaoios
 Nljlrrk`
 Dkrpks
 Ojakeeoõj plr Edi`cyfo`s
 Ojakeeoljks v`nojìks
AON.01? (Ojakeeoljks fk
tr`jscosoõj skxuì)
0>5

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
VR@JUCOUOÕJ
I`s OVU sk tr`jscotkj fk uj` pkrslj` ` ltr` ` tr`vïs fk=
 Rkièoljks skxuìks= Q`nojìks, `jìks y lrìks soj prltkeeoõj.

 Ukerkeoljks l aiumls= Fkse`rn`s v`nojìks, urktrìks l `jìks.
 @qukii`s OVU quk tokjkj c`joakstèoljks kj alrc` fk iksoljks,
vkrrun`s l dkrof`s sk tr`jscotkj plr eljtètl forketl elj i`s
iksoljks, ks fkeor ki nkrckj p`s` fk uj` pkrslj` ` ltr` ` tr`vïs fki
rlek l eljtètl elj kst`s iksoljks.
AON.0>8 (Vr`jscosoõj fk OVU)
Kj i`s OVU, cokjtr`s càs p`rkm`s l eljtètls skxuìks uj` pkrslj` tkjn`, càs pkrslj`s kstàj ojeiuof`s kj i`
e`fkj` fk tr`jscosoõj.
XRKQKJEOÕJ FK I@U KJAKRCKF@FKU FK VR@JUCOUOÕJ UKT[@I (OVU)
I`s OVU sk pukfkj prkvkjor. X`r` prkvkjor fk c`jkr` kaketov` sk fkbkj eljsofkr`r t`jtl ils `spketls
ojfovofuìks elcl sleoìks `sleo`fls ` i` tr`jscosoõj. Fksfk ki pujtl fk vost` ojfovofuì sk d` kst`bikeofl i`
ocplrt`jeo` fk fospljkr fk ojalrcèoõj ètuìoz`f`, fk ofkjtoaoe`r i`s eljfuet`s y sotuèoljks fk roksnl y fk
eljlekr ils rkeursls fospljobiks p`r` i` prkvkjeoõj.
I`s eljfuet`s quk pkrcotkj i` prkvkjeoõj fk i` tr`jscosoõj fk i`s OVU slj=
 Qã` Ukxuì= [s`r elrrket`ckjtk eljfõj kj e`f` rkièoõj skxuì

 Qã` s`jnuãjk`= Jl us`r jo elcp`rtor mkrojn`s fur`jtk ki eljsucl fk
frln`s ojtr`vkjls`s. Rkspketl fk i` fljèoõj y tr`jsausoõj fk s`jnrk,
kj Edoik i` s`jnrk flj`f` ks slcktof` ` kxàckjks p`r` fktket`r i`
sãaoios.
 Qã` Qkrtoeì= I` prkvkjeoõj fk i` tr`jscosoõj vkrtoeì fk i` sãaoios sk
rkìoz` ckfo`jtk i` fktkeeoõj fk sãaoios kj i` nkst`jtk y ki tr`t`cokjtl
lplrtujl eu`jfl elrrkspljfk.
 I` prkvkjeoõj fk i` tr`jscosoõj fk i` nljlrrk`
nlj lrrk` fur`jtk ki p`rtl sk rkìoz`
ckfo`jtk i` `pioeèoõj fk nlt`s `jtoboõtoe`s kj ils lmls ` tlfls ils rkeoïj
jèofls.
AON.0>0 (Xrkvkjeoõj fk i`s OVU)
Vr`t`cokjtl
Ki tr`t`cokjtl fk i`s OVU ks nr`tuotl y eljaofkjeoì kj ki sostkc` pýbioel. Fkpkjfokjfl fki `nkjtk eùsì fk i`
kjakrckf`f (vorus, bètkro`s, p`ràsotls, kte.) ks ki tr`t`cokjtl ojfoe`fl kj e`f` e`sl.
0>6

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Uk foakrkjeo`j fls nr`jfks topls fk tr`t`cokjtls=
 Vr`t`cokjtl eur`tovl= p`r` `qukii`s ojakeeoljks eur`biks eùs`f`s plr bètkro`j`s, dljnls y
p`ràsotls. Eljsostk kj i` `fcojostrèoõj fk `jtoboõtoels p`r` i` pkrslj` kjakrc` y tlf`s sus p`rkm`s
l eljtètls skxuìks y su lbmktovl ks kiocoj`r ki `nkjtk eùsì. Kstk tr`t`cokjtl jl kvot` jukv`s
ojakeeoljks.
 Vr`t`cokjtl sojtlcàtoel= p`r` `qukii`s ojakeeoljks jl eur`biks eùs`f`s vorus. Uu lbmktovl ks
rkfueor ki tokcpl fk i` kt`p` sojtlcàtoe` fk i` kjakrckf`f, rkfueokjfl i`s iksoljks y ki flilr. Ki
tr`t`cokjtl ks v`ro`bik fksfk i` `fcojostrèoõj fk `jtovorìks, i` `pioeèoõj fk sust`jeo`s kj i` poki
àket`f`, d`st` i` eorunã`, fkpkjfokjfl fki vorus quk sk tr`tk.
VOXLU _ FKUEROXEOÕJ FK @IN[J@U OVU=
OVU (OJAKEEOÕJ FK VR@JUCOUOÕJ

UKT[@I)
DKRXKU NKJOV@I @spketls Nkjkrìks=
AON.0>2 (Dkrpks nkjotì)
Ojakeeoõj fk i` poki l i`s cuels`s nkjotìks l `jlrrketìks prlvle`f`
plr ujl l fls vorus fki Dkrpks Uocpik ãjtoc`ckjtk rkièolj`fls.
Xrlfuek ojakeeoõj erõjoe` fk ils n`jniols jkrvolsls skjslroìks
sèrls fksfk ils quk sk pukfk rkojaket`r i` poki.
Uonjls y Uãjtlc`s
Ils sãjtlc`s `p`rkekj 2 ` > fã`s fkspuïs fki eljt`nol. @p`rkekj

ýiekr`s eoreui`rks, supkraoeoìks elj uj` ùrkli` rlm`. Kst`s iksoljks
sk ileìoz`j kj ki prkpueol, ki ni`jfk y ki eukrpl fki pkjk kj ils
dlcbrks, y kj i`s cumkrks, kj ils i`bols, ki eiãtlros, ki pkrojï, i` v`noj`
y ki eukiil utkrojl. Xukfkj `p`rkekr ìrkfkflr fki `jl y ki rketl kj
ils v`rljks dlclskxuìks.
Uk prkskjt` aokbrk, foaoeuit`f p`r` lroj`r, cliksto`s ì e`coj`r y flilr

kj i`s e`fkr`s.
Elcpioeèoljks=
Uk pukfk elcpioe`r elj ckjojnotos `sïptoe`, fosaujeoõj fki sostkc`

jkrvolsl, ocpltkjeo` k ocplsoboiof`f p`r` lroj`r.
Vr`t`cokjtl=
Jl sk eukjt` elj tr`t`cokjtl eur`tovl jo vèuj`. Ki @eoeilvor @jtovorì

sk pukfk utoioz`r p`r` `yuf`r ` èkikr`r i` eoe`trozèoõj.
0>;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Q[IQLQ@NOJOVOU @spketls nkjkrìks
Ojai`cèoõj fk ils nkjotìks kxtkrj`s y v`noj` fk i` cumkr.

Nkjkrìckjtk slj plr eùs` ojakeeols`.
Uãjtlc`s
Uk c`joaokst` plr poe`zõj, ùckjtl fki aiuml l e`cbol kj i`s

e`rètkrãstoe`s fki aiuml, `rflr l flilr kspljtàjkl l fur`jtk i`
pkjktrèoõj v`nojì.
AON.0>5 (Quivlv`nojots coeõtoe`, plr
dljnls)
Elcpioeèoljks.
Uk nkjkr`j plr i` prlpo` orrotèoõj, `fkcàs plr vkeojf`f pukfk
prlfueor ojakeeoõj fki trètl uroj`rol (OV[)
Vr`t`cokjtl=
Õvuils v`nojìks= `jtoboõtoel l `jtocoeõtoel, erkc` v`nojì y

ckfoe`ckjtls lrìks.
Vr`t`cokjtl ` i` p`rkm`.
VROELCLJO@UOU @spketls Nkjkrìks=
Ks uj` ojakeeoõj eùs`f` plr Vroelclj`s Q`nojìos. Kstk p`ràsotl ks

càs
kii`s elcýj
fur`jtkkjilsi`s`ðls
cumkrks, skykjeukjtr`
aïrtoiks, kj ìrkfkflr
eùs` v`nojotos, urktrotosfki 28% fk
y quozàs
eostotos. Kj ils v`rljks ks càs aàeoi fk fktket`r y lronoj` prlst`totos,
eostotos y urktrotos.
Kj i`s cumkrks sk pukfk kst`bikekr cued`s vkeks uj fo`njõstoel

ojckfo`tl ` tr`vïs fk uj p`p`joeliù. Kj ils dlcbrks, so ki kx`ckj
sk rkìoz` ` prockr` dlr` fk i` c`ð`j` `jtks fk i` coeeoõj sk pukfkj
kjeljtr`r ìnujls aoi`ckjtls cuelsls aojls kj i` lroj` rkelnof` kj
fls rkeopokjtks.
AON.0>6 (Vroelcljo`sos)
Uonjls y Uãjtlc`s=
Kj i`s cumkrks, i` ojakeeoõj eurs` tãpoe`ckjtk elj `bujf`jtk aiuml

v`noj`, kspuclsl y fk elilr `c`roiil vkrflsl, mujtl elj orrotèoõj y
0>1

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
cliksto`s kj i` vuiv`, ki pkrojï y ils cusils, fosp`rkujo` y fosuro`.

@inuj`s cumkrks prkskjt`j sõil aiuml kse`sl, y cued`s ètý`j elcl
plrt`flr`s `sojtlcàtoe`s fur`jtk i`rnls pkrãlfls, ùjquk ils
sãjtlc`s pukfkj `p`rkekr kj euìquokr clckjtl. Kj ils e`sls
ojtkjsls, i` vuiv` y ki pkrojï `p`rkekj ojai`c`fls, elj kfkc` fk ils
i`bols. I`s p`rkfks v`nojìks y i` supkraoeok fki eukiil utkrojl slj elj
arkeukjeo` jlrcìks, pkrl pukfkj kxdobor uj pujtk`fl elilr rlml
arks`, y ks plsobik i` prkskjeo` fk uj` pkqukð`
pk qukð` e`jtof`f fk aiuml kj
ils aõrjoeks v`nojìks.
Ils dlcbrks jl sukikj fks`rrlii`r sãjtlc`s. Uoj kcb`rnl, pukfkj

prkskjt`r aiuml urktrì tr`jsotlrol, kspuclsl l puruikjtl, slbrk tlfl kj
i` prockr` dlr` fk i` c`ð`j`. Uk prkskjt`j cliksto`s kj ki pkrojï l
càs prlaujf`s kj i` pkivos.
Vr`t`cokjtl=
Ki Cktrljof`zli, uj` sli` flsos fk 2 nr`cls vã` lrì eur` i` ojakeeoõj

kj ki ?;% fk i`s cumkrks, sokcprk quk sk tr`tkj t`cboïj sus p`rkm`s
skxuìks.
I` kaketovof`f fk i` pùt` elj uj` sli` flsos ks ckjls ei`r` kj ils
dlcbrks y sk fkbk `fcojostr`r c`ylr e`jtof`f fk kstk ckfoe`ckjtl.
I`s p`rkm`s skxuìks fkbkj skr kx`coj`f`s y tr`t`f`s.
NLJLRRK@ @spketls Nkjkrìks
Ks uj` ojakeeoõj prlfueof` plr uj` bètkro` ii`c`f` Jkosskro`

Nljlrrdk`k, sk prkskjt` plr il nkjkrì kj `fliksekjtks y `fuitls y
sk fks`rrlii` kj i`s ckcbr`j`s cuels`s ki sostkc` rkprlfuetlr y
uroj`rol t`jtl kj cumkrks elcl kj dlcbrks. @aket` ki kpotkiol fk i`
urktr`, ki ekrvox, ki rketl, i` a`rojnk l ils
il s lmls. Kst` kjakrckf`f sk
`fquokrk e`so sokcprk plr eljtètl skxuì.
Uonjls y Uãjtlc`s=
Kj ils dlcbrks, ils prockrls sãjtlc`s sk prkskjt`j kjtrk fls fã`s y

fls skc`j`s fkspuïs fki eljt`nol y eùs` ojai`cèoõj kj ki
AON.0>; (Nljlrrk`) eljfuetl uroj`rol (urktrotos). I`s cumkrks slj elj arkeukjeo`
plrt`flr`s `sojtlcàtoe`s fki coerllrn`joscl fur`jtk skc`j`s l
cksks, y cued`s vkeks sk i`s ofkjtoaoe` fur`jtk
fur `jtk i` ojvkstonèoõj fk
eljtètls skxuìks fk ltrls kjakrcls.
Kj nkjkrì sk prkskjt`j ils sonuokjtks sãjtlc`s=
 Aiuml kspksl y socoi`r ì pus plr i` urktr`
0>>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 @rflr ì lroj`r y coeeoõj arkeukjtk

 @uckjtl clfkr`fl fki aiuml v`nojì k ojai`cèoõj kj i`s
cumkrks
 Aiuml l orrotèoõj `jì
 Aokbrk y flilr `bflcojì.
Elcpioeèoljks=
[j` ojakeeoõj elj Nljlrrk` quk jl d`y` sofl fo`njlstoe`f` y tr`t`f`

` tokcpl pukfk eùs`r kj i` cumkr kjakrckf`f pïivoe` ojai`c`tlro`,
ojakrtoiof`f y d`st` i` cukrtk.
Kj ils dlcbrks t`cboïj pukfk eùs`r ojakrtoiof`f so jl ks tr`t`f` `

tokcpl. @fkcàs, pukfk foskcoj`rsk ` ltr`s p`rtks fki eukrpl, `
tr`vïs fk i` s`jnrk, eu`jfl kstl suekfk eùs` `rtrotos, àket` ki
elr`zõj y ki ekrkbrl.
[j` cumkr kcb`r`z`f` pukfk tr`jscotor i` ojakeeoõj ` su bkbï,

eùs`jfl eknukr`, prlbikc`s fki elr`zõj y rkt`rfl ckjtì.
Vr`t`cokjtl=
Cuedls `jtoboõtoels slj sknurls y kaoeèks kj ki tr`t`cokjtl fk i`
Nljlrrk`. @ujquk ks tr`t`bik, kst` ojakeeoõj ks e`f` vkz càs
rksostkjtk ` eokrtls `jtoboõtoels.
Xukfk eur`rsk elj uj` sli` ojykeeoõj fk Ekatro`xlj`. V`cboïj slj

kaoeèks ltrls `jtoboõtoels lrìks elcl ki Eoprlailxèojl.
UÃAOIOU @spketls Nkjkrìks=
Ks uj` kjakrckf`f sostïcoe` eljt`nols` eùs`f` plr i` bètkro`

Vrkpljkc` Xìiofuc y e`rètkroz`f` plr a`sks eiãjoe`s skeukjeoìks y
`ðls fk ojeubèoõj, pufokjfl skr eljnïjot` l `fquorof`. Xkjktr` `
tr`vïs fk i` cuels` l i` poki. @ie`jz` ils n`jniols iojaàtoels
rknoljìks kj eukstoõj fk dlr`s y sk foskcoj` elj r`pofkz y ` tr`vïs
fki eukrpl. Xrlvle` uiekr`s y jkerlsos. I` ojai`cèoõj pukfk ekfkr `
pks`r fki f`ðl prlnrksovl, slbrk tlfl kj ils sostkc`s e`rfolv`seui`r
y jkrvolsl ekjtrì.
Uk sukik tr`jscotor plr eljtètl skxuì, ojeiuykjfl urlnkjotì y

AON.0>1 (Ed`jerl soaoiãtoel) `jlrrketì, y ` vkeks plr bksls l eljtètl elrplrì ãjtocl.
Kst` kjakrckf`f sk eur` plr elcpiktl so ki fo`njõstoel sk ki`blr`

elj prljtotuf y i` ojakeeoõj ks tr`t`f`. @ aìt` fk tr`t`cokjtl, pukfk
0>4

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
prlvle`r i` cukrtk. Kj kcb`r`z`f`s, ks plsobik su tr`jscosoõj ì

aktl, elj il quk ik lronoj` fkalrcof`fks y i` cukrtk.
Uonjls, Uãjtlc`s y Kvliueoõj=
 A`sk Xroc`ro`= @p`rkekj uiekr`s ojflilr`s kj i` rknoõj nkjotì,

rketl l ble` quk sk prkskjt`j
prk skjt`j fk 08 fã`s ` 1 skc`j`s fkspuïs
fk i` kxplsoeoõj.
 A`sk Ukeujf`ro`= @p`rkekj krupeoljks elj kjrlmkeocokjtl fk 1
` 02 skc`j`s fkspuïs fki eljt`nol y sk dèkj càs ojtkjs`s `
ils 5 l 6 cksks. Ki ;8% fk ils pèokjtks prkskjt`j iksoljks kj
ils lmls, duksls, `rtoeuièoljks, ckjojnks, roðljks, ki dãn`fl l ki
b`zl. Kj kst` kt`p` `p`rkekj sãjtlc`s elcl aokbrk, ekaìk`,
`jlrkxo`, jùsk`s, flilrks õskls, e`js`jeol y `jkco`. Xukfk
`p`rkekr ckjojnotos `nuf`, ronofkz fk eukiil, p`ràiosos er`jkì,
slrfkr` y kfkc` fk p`poi`.
 A`sk fk I`tkjeo`= I`s c`joakstèoljks skeujf`ro`s
fks`p`rkekj kj ki tïrcojl fk skc`j`s l cksks, kjtr`jfl i`
kjakrckf`f kj uj pkrãlfl fk i`tkjeo` (elcl so kstuvokr` flrcof`
l kseljfof`). Kj kstk pkrãlfl jl sk c`joaokst` jojnýj prlbikc`,
jo sk sokjtk j`f` `jlrcì, pkrl i` bètkro` kstà ètov`,
cuitopioeàjflsk kj lrfkj fk coiiljks kj i` s`jnrk. I` bètkro` sk
kseljfk kj ilsJkrvolsl
kj ki Uostkc` tkmofls, kspkeoìckjtk
Ekjtrì y kj i` kj ils v`sls
Cïfui` s`jnuãjkls,
Kspojì.
 A`sk Vkreo`ro`= @p`rkek nkjkrìckjtk fk ; ` 28 2 8 `ðls fkspuïs
fk i` ojakeeoõj ojoeoì y sk fovofkj, fksfk ki pujtl fk vost` eiãjoel
kj trks kt`p`s=
`. Kt`p` V`rfã` Bkjonj`= Kj kst` kt`p` tlf`vã` ks eur`bik,

àket` i` poki, ils cýseuils, ils õrn`jls fonkstovls y ìnuj`s
niàjfui`s quk sk uiekr`j y fknkjkr`j sus eljsostkjeo`s
tlc`jfl alrc` fk nlc`. Kst`s iksoljks `p`rkekj kjtrk 5 y
08 `ðls fkspuïs fki eljt`nol.
b. Kt`p` V`rfã` E`rfolv`seui`r = Uukik `p`rkekr 08 ` 2; `ðls
fkspuïs fk i` ojakeeoõj ojoeoì. @aket` ki elr`zõj y i`s vkj`s
y pukfk eljfueor ` i` cukrtk.
e. Kt`p` V`rfã` Jkerliõnoe`= Ii`c`f` t`cboïj Jkurlsãaoios.
@aket` ì ekrkbrl
fk i` r`zõj y i`y i`
(ileur`) cïfui` kspojì
p`ràiosos prlvle`jfl i` pïrfof`
jkurlcuseui`r.
Vr`t`cokjtl=
Uukik tr`t`rsk elj pkjoeoioj`. Kj pkrslj`s ìïrnoe`s pukfkj us`rsk

ltrls `jtoboõtoels. Ki ojfovoful fkm` fk skr ojaket`jtk fk i` Uãaoios 26
dlr`s fkspuïs fk ojoeo`fl ki tr`t`cokjtl.
0>?
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@inuj`s pkrslj`s jl rkspljfkj ` i`s flsos usuìks fk pkjoeoioj`.

Ïst`s fkbkj skr lbmktl fk prukb`s s`jnuãjk`s pkroõfoe`s p`r`
elcprlb`r i` fkstrueeoõj fki `nkjtk ojakeeolsl.
4.1.- Rli kfue`tovl fki VKJU `jtk i`s KVU quk àket`j ` i` cumkr.
 X`rtoeop` elj ki kquopl fk sìuf kj i` prkvkjeoõj fk OVU ` tr`vïs fk e`cp`ð`s kfue`tov`s aukr` fki
kst`bikeocokjtl fk sìuf
 Ki`blr` ujof`fks kfue`tov`s kj i` `tkjeoõj proc`ro` p`r` plbièoõj suekptobik ` OVU fkjtrl fki
kst`bikeocokjtl.
 Lrokjt` ` i` cumkr kj i` eljsuit` ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` lplrtuj` arkjtk ` cliksto`s nkjotìks
sunkrkjtks fk OVU
 Lrokjt` ` i` cumkr kj ki tr`t`cokjtl
tr`t`cokjtl fk OVU
 Kfue` ` i` cumkr elj rkspketl ` euof`fls y dàbotls quk prkvkjn`j i`s OVU.
048

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
0.- @ eljtojuèoõj sk prkskjt`j 6 sotuèoljks eiãjoe`s fk usl fk `jtoeljekptovls. Elile` ì arkjtk fk e`f` ujl
i` ei`soaoeèoõj fk CÏVLFL DLRCLJ@I-CÏVLFL JL DLRCLJ@I RKQKRUOBIK-CÏVLFL JL
DLRCLJ@I JL RKQKRUOBIK, sknýj elrrkspljf`=
@) Xèokjtk eks`roz`f` ` i` euì sk
ik prètoe` U@IXOJNLIOF[R@ FK
VRLCX@U
B) Eiùfo` y Qãetlr rkaokrkj utoioz`r

prkskrv`tovl l eljfõj p`r`
prkvkjor kcb`r`zls.
E) C`rã` Vkrks` Mocïjkz èufk `

EKUA@C fljfk sk rkìoz` ojskreoõj
fk FO[ (fosplsotovl ojtrùtkrojl)
F) C`ro`jki` ks usu`ro` fk
EOEILCKT 28, `jtoeljekptovl lrì.
2.- Kj uj EKUA@C sk rkìoz` i` kjtrkn` fk fostojtls topls fk cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls. Elcpikt` ki sonuokjtk
eu`frl elj i`s e`rètkrãstoe`s slioeot`f`s=
CÏVLFL XLREKJV@MK KAKEVOQOF@F E@R@EVKRÃUVOE@U

Fosplsotovl piàstoel aikxobik y
pkqukðl elj uj` `s` l eubokrt`
fk elbrk ojskrtàjflsk kj ki ýtkrl
Ojyket`biks ckjsuìks kj
elcbojèoõj
Ocpofk quk d`y` kspkrc`tlzlofks
kj ki skckj kyèui`fl
Eoiojfrl l eàpsui` pkqukð` y
aikxobik quk sk elile` fkb`ml fk i`
poki fki br`zl, eljtokjk
prlnkstànkjl.
040

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J 2
0.-Kj uj EKUA@C sk eljtrli` C`rã` Ojïs Uì`s pèokjtk fk ;8 `ðls, ètuìckjtk elj pkrãlfls ckjstruìks
orrknui`rks, bledlrjls y suflrèoõj jleturj`.
`) Ils sãjtlc`s quk prkskjt` C`rã` Ojïs plfrã`j elrrkspljfkr ì pkrãlfl
ii`c`fl\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b) Kj e`sl quk C`rã` Ojïs kvliueoljk kj kstk prleksl sk prlfueorà aojìckjtk ki eksk fkaojotovl fk i`
ckjstruèoõj ils quk iikv` plr jlcbrk\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e) I` projeopì eljskeukjeo` fk kstk dkedl ks quk C`rã` Ojïs jl
plfrà\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- X`r` kst` pèokjtk, uj` vkz kvìu`f` plr c`trlj` l kspkeoìost` sk pukfkj sunkror tr`t`cokjtls. Fls fk
kiils plfrã`j skr=
`) \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b) \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
FKU@RRLIIL
0.- Kj Edoik ki eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl ks uj` kjakrckf`f quk àket` ` uj plrekjt`mk eljsofkr`bik fk cumkrks.
Fk èukrfl ` kstl=
`) Jlcbr` 2 topls fk eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl sknýj su kvliueoõj.
0.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b) Ckjeolj` 6 ckfof`s fk prkvkjeoõj y fktkeeoõj prkelz p`r` ki eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl.
0.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
042

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
6.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- Eiùfo` Nõckz, pèokjtk fk uj sketlr rurì, ;4 `ðls, `jtkekfkjtks fk eàjekr c`c`rol kj dkrc`j` c`ylr,
elj tkr`po` kstrlnïjoe` fk dèk v`rols `ðls, eljsuit` ` su EKUA@C plr sojtlc`tlilnã` c`c`ro`. Rkaokrk pìp`r
uj jõfuil kj c`c` fkrked` y tkjkr rkelnocokjtl fk i` poki kj i` cosc` zlj` elj fkalrcof`f fki pkzõj. Ks
kvìu`f` y fkrov`f` ì jovki UKE[JF@ROL, fljfk fkspuïs fk v`rols kxàckjks sk fo`njlstoe` uj e`reojlc`
fuetuì ojaoitr`jtk.
Fk èukrfl ì e`sl rkspljfk=
`).- Jlcbr` 5 `jtkekfkjtks fk Eiùfo` quk pukfkj skr aètlrks fk roksnl p`r` su kjakrckf`f=
0.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b).- Uknýj ki aiumlnr`c` prkskjt`fl kj i` aonur` 01>, ojfoe` euài ks i` fkrovèoõj quk sonuk i` pèokjtk plstkrolr
` i` eljaorcèoõj fo`njõstoe` fk p`tlilnã` cìonj`=
e).- Elj rkspketl ì coscl e`sl, ¼eõcl plfkcls prkvkjor kj eàjekr c`c`rol kj i` plbièoõj<
R=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
f).-Jlcbr` 5 kxàckjks plsobiks ` rkìoz`r p`r` rkìoz`r ki Fo`njõstoel fk eàjekr c`c`rol kj Eiùfo`.
0.-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
045

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 6
FKU@RLIIL
0.- Kj uj eljsuitlrol fk kspkeoìof`f fk OVU `tkjfofl plr Rls` Bkrjìks, c`trlj` ` e`rnl, kxostk uj` e`suãstoe`
v`ro`f` fk kst`s kjakrckf`fks rknostr`f`s fur`jtk ki `ðl. @ eljtojuèoõj, sk ckjeolj`j v`rols sãjtlc`s,
kserobk arkjtk ` e`f` ujl ki jlcbrk fk i` OVU quk elrrkspljf`=
0. @bujf`jtk aiuml v`nojì kspuclsl,

`c`roiikjtl, vkrflsl, orrotèoõj,
fosp`rkujo` y fosuro`.
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2. [iekr`s eoreui`rks y supkraoeoìks kj

prkpueol, ni`jfk, i`bols ckjlrks,
eiãtlros, v`noj` y eukiil utkrojl.
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5. Aiuml kspksl fk `spketl

puruikjtl plr urktr`, `rflr ì
lroj`r, coeeoõj arkeukjtk
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
046

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2.- Vk elrrkspljfk rkìoz`r, mujtl ` i` prlaksoljì

prl aksoljì c`trlj` fki kst`bikeocokjtl, uj` ujof`f kfue`tov` slbrk
OVU. Kjtrk ils eljtkjofls ` kjtrkn`r=
`) ¼Euàiks slj i`s 5 vã`s projeopìks fk tr`jscosoõj fk OVU<
0.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b) Jlcbr` 5 ckfof`s prkvkjtov`s `pioe`biks ` i` prkvkjeoõj fk OVU kj i` plbièoõj.
0.
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
04;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
0.-
@) Jl dlrcljì orrkvkrsobik
B) Jl dlrcljì rkvkrsobik
E) Jl dlrcljì rkvkrsobik
F) Dlrcljì rkvkrsobik
2.-
CÏVLFL XLREKJV@MK KAKEVOQOF@F E@R@EVKRÃUVOE@U

FO[ (FOUXLUOVOQL C@_LR @ ??% Fosplsotovl piàstoel aikxobik y
OJVR@[VKROJL) FK ELBRK pkqukðl elj uj` `s` l
eubokrt` fk elbrk ojskrtàjflsk
kj ki ýtkrl
Ojyket`biks ckjsuìks kj C@_LR @ ??% UO UK [U@J Uk ojyket`j plr vã`
elcbojèoõj ELRRKEV@CKJVK _ KJ ojtr`cuseui`r, ocpofkj i`
ALRC@ C@JVKJOF@ lvuièoõj y pukfkj prlvle`r
dkclrr`no`s jl f`ðoj`s.
KUVKROIO]@EOÕJ C@UE[IOJ@ C@_LR FK ??% (5 cksks fk Ocpofk quk d`y`
(Q@UKEVLCÃ@) kvliueoõj) kspkrc`tlzlofks

kyèui`fl kj ki skckj
OCXI@JVKU C@_LR FK ?? % Eoiojfrl l eàpsui` pkqukð` y
aikxobik quk sk elile` fkb`ml
fk i` poki fki br`zl, eljtokjk
prlnkstànkjl.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
0.-
`) Eioc`tkrol
b) Ckjlpùso`
041

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
e) Kcb`r`z`rsk
2.-
`) Erkc`s dlrcljìks
b) Vr`t`cokjtl dlrcljì ` i`rnl pi`zl
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
FKU@RRLIIL
0.-
`) Vopls fk eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl sknýj kvliueoõj
0.-Eàjekr oj sotu (eoreujserotl ` i` supkraoeok kpotkioì) y/l `

2.-Eàjekr ojv`slr, kj quk ki elcprlcosl tr`sp`s` i` ckcbr`j` b`sì.
b) Ckjeolj` 6 ckfof`s fk prkvkjeoõj y fktkeeoõj prkelz p`r` ki eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl

ek rvoelutkrojl
0. Kfueèoõj ` i` plbièoõj

2. Qèujèoõj eljtr` ki Qorus X`poilc` Duc`jl
5. Kx`ckj eotliõnoel pkroõfoel ( X@X) fksfk ojoeol fk ètovof`f skxuì l eljalrck ` i`s jlrc`s
cojostkroìks.
6. Fkrovèoõj lplrtuj` kj e`sl fk X@X ìtkr`fl.
2.-
`).-Jlcbr` 5 `jtkekfkjtks fk Eiùfo` quk pukfkj skr aètlrks fk roksnl p`r` su kjakrckf`f=
0.-Kf`f (;4 `ðls)
2.-@jtkekfkjtks fk eàjekr kj i` a`coio`
5.-Vkr`po` kstrlnïjoe`
b).-Uknýj ki aiumlnr`c` prkskjt`fl kj i` aonur` 01>, ojfoe` euài ks i` fkrovèoõj quk sonuk i` pèokjtk
plstkrolr ` i` eljaorcèoõj fo`njõstoe` fk p`tlilnã` cìonj`=
JOQKI VKREO@ROL FK KUXKEO@IOF@F

KUXKEO@IOF@F..
EOR[NÃ@ L NOJKELILNÃ@ LJELIÕNOE@
R@FOLVKR@XO@ / P[OCOLVKR@X
P [OCOLVKR@XO@
O@
f).-Jlcbr` 5 kxàckjks plsobiks ` rkìoz`r p`r` rkìoz`r ki fo`njõstoel fk eàjekr c`c`rol kj Eiùfo`
(Uunkrof`s)
04>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 C`clnràã`

Kelnràã` c`c`ro`
 Kelnràã` Flppikr
 Rkslj`jeo` c`njïtoe`
 Bolpso` c`c`ro`
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 6
FKU@RRLIIL
0.
0. VROELCLJO@UOU
2. DKRXKU NKJOV@I
5. NLJLRRK@
2.-
`) ¼Euàiks slj i`s 5 vã`s projeopìks fk tr`jscosoõj fk OVU<
0. Rkièoljks skxuìks v`nojìks, `jìks y lrìks

l rìks soj prltkeeoõj.
2. Ukerkeoljks l aiumls (fkse`rn`s v`nojìks, urktrìks l `jìks).
5. @qukii`s OVU quk tokjkj c`joakstèoljks kj alrc` fk iksoljks, vkrrun`s l dkrof`s sk tr`jscotkj plr
eljtètl forketl elj i`s iksoljks, ks fkeor ki nkrckj p`s` fk uj` pkrslj` ` ltr` ` tr`vïs fki rlek
l eljtètl elj kst`s iksoljks.
b) Jlcbr` 5 ckfof`s prkvkjtov`s `pioe`biks ` i` prkvkjeoõj fk OVU kj i` plbièoõj.

0. Qã` Ukxuì =us`r elrrket`ckjtk eljfõj kj e`f` rkièoõj skxuì
2. Qã` s`jnuãjk` = Jl us`r jo elcp`rtor mkrojn`s fur`jtk ki eljsucl fk frln`s ojtr`vkjls`s. Rkspketl
fk i` fljèoõj y tr`jsausoõj fk s`jnrk, kj Edoik i` s`jnrk flj`f` ks slcktof` ` kxàckjks p`r`
fktket`r i` sãaoios.
5. Qã` Qkrtoeì= I` prkvkjeoõj fk i` tr`jscosoõj vkrtoeì fk i` sãaoios sk rkìoz` ckfo`jtk i` fktkeeoõj fk
sãaoios kj i` nkst`jtk y ki tr`t`cokjtl lplrtujl eu`jfl elrrkspljfk.
6. I` prkvkjeoõj fk i` tr`jscosoõj fk i` nljlrrk`
n ljlrrk` fur`jtk ki p`rtl sk rkìoz` ckfo`jtk i` `pioeèoõj fk
nlt`s `jtoboõtoe`s kj ils lmls ` tlfls ils rkeoïj jèofls.
044

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
Xi`joaoeèoõj a`coio`r
dttp=//www.wdl.ojt/ckfoèkjtrk/aètsdkkts/as5;0/ks/
Cïtlfls `jtoeljekptovls
dttp=//oeckr.lrn/wp\`k/ojalrcèolj-nkjkrì-2/
Eioc`tkrol
dttp=//fkaojoeolj.fk/eioc`tkrol/
Ckjlpùso`
dttp=//www.ljckf`.ks/kjakrckf`fks/ckjlpùso`-tr`t`cokjt
dttp=//www.ljckf`.ks/kjakrckf`fks/ckjlpùso`-tr`t`cokjtl-0>50-1.dtci#rka3`rtoeik-lvkrserli
l-0>50-1.dtci#rka3`rtoeik-lvkrserlii
Eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl
dttp=//www.supkrsìuf.nlb.ei/foausolj/;>2/w5-`rtoeik-;1>.dtci
dttp=//www.cojsì.ei/plrtì/uri/otkc/>28ba
dttp=//www.cojsì.ei/plrtì/uri/otkc/>28bakak?0k?f2kfk86880800a808aa2.pfa
kak?0k?f2kfk86880800a808aa2.pfa
Eàjekr fk c`c`s
dttp=//www.cojsì.ei/plrtì/uri/otkc/>2205kf;2e6625f0k86880800a8005?4.pfa
dttps=//www.`kee.ks/UlbrkKiE`jekr/E`jekrX
dttps=//www.`kee.ks/UlbrkKiE`jekr/E`jekrXlrIleìozèolj/E`jekrC`c
lrIleìozèolj/E`jekrC`c`/prkvkjeolj/X`noj`s/prkvkjeolj.
`/prkvkjeolj/X`noj`s/prkvkjeolj.`sp
`sp
x
OVU (ojakeeoljks fk tr`jscosoõj skxuì)

dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/sokcprkeljflj/c`s-ojal.pdp
dttp=//www.cssso.nlb.ks/eouf`f`jls/k
dttp=//www.csss o.nlb.ks/eouf`f`jls/kjaIksoljks/kjaVr`jsc
jaIksoljks/kjaVr`jscosobiks/sof`/prkvkjeol
osobiks/sof`/prkvkjeolj/prlstotueolj/fles/
j/prlstotueolj/fles/ojakeVr`
ojakeVr`
jscUkxuì.pfa
04?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@prkjfoz`mk kspkr`fl ?
Rkìoz`j tïejoe`s fk kjakrckrã` foronof`s ` i` cumkr fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl kj ki c`rel fki rli fki VKJU,
fk èukrfl ` jlrc`s tïejoe`s y kj uj kjalquk duc`jost` fk i` sìuf.
?.0.-@jtrlplcktrã` fk i` cumkr fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl
@JVRLXLCKVRÃ@
C@VKRO@IKU JKEKU@ROLU=
 Xks` `fuitl
 Xlfõcktrl `fuitl
 Blx c`tkrjì
 E`rjkt fk eljtrli y aoed` p`r` ki rknostrl.
VÏEJOE@ FK ELJVRLI FK XKUL KJ X@EOKJVK LBUVÏVROE@=
 Elrrlblr`r f`tls fk i` pèokjtk kj e`rjkt c`tkrjì, ofkjtoaoe`jfl ki

pksl kj ki eljtrli `jtkrolr

Kxpioe`r prlekfocokjtl
 Ulioeot`r ` i` pèokjtk quot`rsk i` rlp` càs kxtkrj` (ed`qukt`,
`bronl) y kj il plsobik eìz`fl
 Ojfoe`r ` i` pèokjtk subor slbrk i` pks`, prkvo`ckjtk eìobr`f`,
prleur`jfl jl tle`ri` fur`jtk ki prlekfocokjtl p`r` jl ìtkr`r ki
pks`mk AON.0>> (@jtrlplcktrã` kj ki
kcb`r`zl)
 Uo utoioz`cls uj` pks` tr`foeoljì (rlc`j`) fkbkcls c`jkm`r 2 b`rr`s cktàioe`s quk socblioz`j ils
nr`cls y goiõnr`cls, fkspi`z`jfl kst`s b`rr`s ì i`fl fkrkedl fk i` pks` d`st` quk ki c`re`flr qukfk
lseoi`jfl soj tle`r supkraoeok
 Ikkcls ki pksl lbtkjofl, `yuf`cls ` i` pèokjtk ` fksekjfkr fk i` pks` y rknostr`cls kj aoed` y e`rjkt
c`tkrjì fk i` pèokjtk.
VÏEJOE@ FK CKFOEOÕJ FK V@II@ KJ X@EOKJVK LBUVÏVROE@
 Elrrlblr`r ils f`tls fk i` pèokjtk quk vokjk plr prockr` vkz ` su eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl
 Kxpioe`rik ki prlekfocokjtl
 Fkspi`z`r dèo` `rrob` ki c`re`flr fki `jtrlpõcktrl
 Ulioeot`r ` i` pèokjtk subor ` i` pks`, soj eìz`fl, nor`jfl ki eukiil y i` e`bkz` eljtr`ro` ì curl
 Fkspi`z`r ki c`re`flr fki `jtrlpõcktrl dèo` `b`ml d`st` quk tlpk elj i` zlj` p`roktì, ikkr ki vìlr fk i`
tìi` lbtkjof` (kj ekjtãcktrls)
 @yuf`cls ` i` pèokjtk ` fkse fksekjfkr
kjfkr fk i` pks` y rknostr
rknostr`cls.
`cls.
0?8

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
?.2. EUQ fk i` cumkr fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl.
C@VKRO@IKU
 @p`r`tl tlc` prksoõj

 Aljkjflselpol

E`rjkt c`tkrjì y aoed` p`r` rknostrl.
VLC@ FK XRKUOÕJ @RVKRO@I KJ X@EOKJVK LBUVÏVROE@
 Elrrlblr`r f`tls fk i` pèokjtk kj e`rjkt c`tkrjì, vkroaoe`jfl vìlrks fk prksoõj `rtkroì kj ki eljtrli
`jtkrolr
 Kxpioe`r ki prlekfocokjtl
 Xèokjtk skjt`f` y br`zl kxtkjfofl slbrk cks` fk prlekfocokjtl ` jovki fki elr`zõj
 Fkseubror elcpikt`ckjtk ki br`zl fk i` pèokjtk prleur`jfl quk
jl d`y`j zlj`s fk elcprksoõj
 Elile`r c`jnuotl fk ksaonclc`jõcktrl kj br`zl fk i` pèokjtk
plr slbrk ki pioknuk fki elfl elj i`s sljf`s fk ojsuaièoõj plr
kjeoc` fki br`zl, vkroaoe`jfl quk kstï soj òrk.
 Elj fkfls ãjfoek y `jui`r pìp`r i` `rtkro` r`foì elcprocokjfl i`
e`r` kxtkrj` y `jtkrolr fk i` cuðke` (iãjk` fk fkfl puin`r).
 C`jtkjkr i` pìpèoõj y elj i` ltr` c`jl tlc`r i` pkr` fk
ojsuaièoõj elj su vàivui` ekrr`f`, ojsuai`jfl fk tì alrc` quk ki
c`jnuotl prksoljk slbrk ki br`zl, subokjfl i` b`rr` fk ckreurol
fki ksaonclc`jõcktrl.
 [j` vkz quk ki puisl fks`p`rkek fksojai`r ki c`jnuotl y rkelrf`r
ki vìlr fk i` elcuj` fk
f k ckreurol kj i` euì ki ppuisl
uisl r`foì y` jl
ks ùfobik (km= 028 coiãcktrls fk ckreurol).
 Elj ils fkfls ãjfoek y ckfo`jl pìp`r i` `rtkro` br`quoì kj i`
e`r` ojtkrj` fki pioknuk fki elfl
elfl elj ki br`zl kxtkjfofl.  AON.0>4 (Vlc` fk prksoõj `rtkroì fur`jtk
ki kcb`r`zl)
?.5 -Vïejoe` fk kjkc` kvèu`jtk.

XRKX@R@EOÕJ B@JFKM@ FK C@VKRO@IKU _ VÏEJOE@ X@R@ R@U[R@FL NKJOV@I _ ELILE@EOÕJ
FK AIKKV KJKC@.
 Rkìoz`r i`v`fl eiãjoel fk c`jls sknýj tïejoe`

 Kj uj` b`jfkm` rkujor ils sonuokjtks c`tkroìks=
l Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl
l Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj iocpo`s
l Ar`sel fk Aikkt kjkc`
 Uo ks uj prlekfocokjtl kj e`c` eiãjoe` sk `nrkn`= U`b`joii` iocpo`, ed`t`.
0?0
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
KJ BLT C@VKRJ@I
ELILE@EOÕJ AIKKV KJKC@=
 Xlstkrolrckjtk sk c`jtokjk ` i` pèokjtk kj i` cosc`

plsoeoõj

Uk rktor` t`p` fk aikkt kjkc` qukf`jfl

iubroe`fl quk f`jfl iobrk ki `pioe`flr
 Uk kjtrk`brk iãjk` ojtkrniýtk` y sk ojtrlfuek i` tltìof`f
fki `pioe`flr plr vã` `jì
 Uk elcprock ki ar`sel ojskrt`jfl tlf` i` sliueoõj ì
ojtkrolr fki rketl.
 Uk pofk ` i` pèokjtk quk rktkjn` il càs plsobik ki
fkskl fk fkake`r
 [j` vkz quk i` pèokjtk il slioeot` èlcp`ð`ri` ì b`ðl
p`r` i` kvèuèoõj. AON.0>? (Aikkt kjkc`)
?.6.- Vroeltlcã`.
XRKX@R@EOÕJ B@JFKM@ FK C@VKRO@IKU _
VÏEJOE@ X@R@ VROELVLCÃ@

l Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj iocpo`s.
l Vki` `fdksov` AON.048 (Vroeltlcã`)
l Vomkr` cktàioe` iocpo`
 Uo ks uj prlekfocokjtl kj e`c` eiãjoe` sk `nrkn` = U`b`joii` iocpo`, ed`t`.
KJ BLT C@VKRJ@I=
VROELVLCÃ@=
 Kxpioe`r ki prlekfocokjtl ` i` pèokjtk

 Elile`r ` i` pèokjtk kj e`coii` nojkeliõnoe` eubokrt` elj tlìi` fk p`pki, kj plsoeoõj fk iotltlcã`
 Uk rkìoz` elileèoõj fk nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl
 Uk rkìoz` troeltlcã` (elrtk fk vkiil pubo`jl) fk èukrfl ì topl fk ojtkrvkjeoõj p`rtl l eksàrk`
 Uo ks EKUÀRK@= Uk fkbk rkelrt`r zlj` pýboe`
 Uo ks VR@B@ML FK X@RVL= Uk fkbk rkelrt`r zlj` vuiv`r
0?2

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Elj tõrui`s fk ìnlfõj rkclvkr kxeksl fk vkiil. Aojìckjtk, sk pukfk elile`r tki` `fdksov` y rktor`r
su`vkckjtk p`r` sè`r plr elcpiktl ki rkc`jkjtk.
KJ E@C@ EIÃJOE@=
 Uk rkpotk ki coscl prlekfocokjtl, pkrl sk utoioz` s`b`joii`, piàstoel y ed`t` p`r` rkìoz`r `cbls
prlekfocokjtls.
 @itkrj`tov`ckjtk, p`r` i` elileèoõj fki aikkt kjkc`, plfkcls plsoeolj`r ` i` pèokjtk kj plsoeoõj UOCU
 Kiocoj`cls c`tkroì quk elrrkspljfk
 Rktorl fk nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl
 I`v`fl eiãjoel fk c`jls
 Rknostrl kj dlm` fk kjakrckrã`.
?.;.- Xrkp`rèoõj fk i` b`jfkm` p`r` aikbleiosos

l C`tr`z fk sukrl ojfoe`fl
l Xkraus cèrlnlt` l b`m`f` fk sukrl
l
Bràjui` J½ 04

lVki` `fdksov` p`r` aomèoõj fk vã` vkjls`

Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj kj elpki` cktàioe` l
l
v`sl piàstoel
l Ar`sel @ieldli purl >8½
l Ion`fur`
l Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl AON.040 (Aikbleiosos)
l Vkn`fkrc
 Foronorsk ` sì` l blx c`tkr mujtl ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` p`r` eli`blr`r kj i` ojstìèoõj fk aikbleiosos.
RKELCKJF@EOLJKU=
 I`s tõrui`s fk ìnlfõj utoioz`f`s p`r` i` `skptozèoõj fk i` zlj` ` pujeolj`r sk fkbkj kcbkbkr elj ìeldli
ojckfo`t`ckjtk `jtks fki prlekfocokjtl.
 [j` vkz ojstì`f` i` vã` vkjls`, sk fkbk rltui`r elj tki` `fdksov` elile`jfl i` aked` fk ojstìèoõj kj i`
b`m`f` fk sukrl y kj i` zlj` fk pujeoõj fk i` pèokjtk.
 Rktor`r b`jfkm` y fksked`r c`tkroì quk elrrkspljf`.
 I`v`fl fk c`jls eiãjoel.
?.1.- Xrkp`rèoõj fk i` b`jfkm` p`r` kx`ckj fk tètl v`nojì.
0?5

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
FKAOJOEOÕJ=
Ks uj prlekfocokjtl lbstïtroel p`r` ki fo`njõstoel eiãjoel fki `v`jek fki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl y quk pkrcotk
projeopìckjtk fktkrcoj`r=
 I` eljsostkjeo` fki eukiil utkrojl

 Foi`tèoõj fki eukiil utkrojl
 Kst`fl fk i`s ckcbr`j`s lvui`rks
 Kje`m`cokjtl fk i` prkskjtèoõj aktì.
XRKX@R@EOÕJ B@JFKM@ FK C@VKRO@IKU _ @UOUVKJEO@ KJ KI V@EVL Q@NOJ@I

l Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtls
l Nu`jtk kstïroi
l Xojz` rlcpk ckcbr`j`s
l X`quktk fk tõrui`s fk ìnlfõj
l @põsotl fk n`s`
l M`rrl piàstoel
l U`b`joii` AON.042 (Vètl v`nojì)
l Xiàstoel
l Ed`t`
 Foronorsk mujtl elj c`trlj` ` sì` fk i` pèokjtk
 Uk kxpioe` ki prlekfocokjtl y sk elile` bolcbl p`r` su provèof`f
 Uk rkìoz` tïejoe` fk e`c` p`rtof` elile`jfl ` pèokjtk kj plsoeoõj nojkeliõnoe` l fk iotltlcã`.
 Uk rkìoz` plstur` fk nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl.
 Uk elile` b`ml i` pkivos fk i` pèokjtk s`b`joii` iocpo` y piàstoel y plstkrolrckjtk ed`t`
 Uk larkek nu`jtk kstïroi ` prlaksoljì c`trlj`, quokj ì kjtrk`bror i`bols ckjlrks vuiv`rks, slioeot` kseurror
m`rrl elj `nu` tobo` p`r` iocpo` fk i` zlj`
 Lpeoljìckjtk i` c`trlj` slioeot` ì VKJU uj` pojz` RLCXKCKCBR@J@ p`r` ki rlcpocokjtl `rtoaoeoì
fk i`s ckcbr`j`s lvui`rks
 Vkrcoj`fl ki tètl v`nojì i` c`trlj` pofk jukv`ckjtk kseurror `nu` tobo` slbrk ils nkjotìks p`r` rkclvkr
rkstls fk aiuml nkjotì y iãquofl `cjoõtoel
 VKJU eli`blr` kj ki ske`fl fk nkjotìks elj tõrui`s fk ìnlfõj
 Uk elile` `põsotl nkjotì
 Uk rktor` ed`t`, s`b`joii` y piàstoel
 @elclf`r ` pèokjtk kj plsoeoõj skcoalwikr
 Lrfkj`r rlp` fk e`c` fk pèokjtk.
 Fksked`r c`tkroì quk elrrkspljf`
 I`v`r y nu`rf`r ed`t`
0?6

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 I`v`fl eiãjoel fk c`jls.
?.>.- Ocplrt`jeo` fki fkskcpkðl `must`fl ` jlrc`tov`s.
I` ocplrt`jeo` fk rkìoz`r kstls prlekfocokjtls `mustàjflsk ` jlrc`tov`s r`foe` kj=
 Lbtkjeoõj fk p`ràcktrls fk sonjls votìks aofkfonjls

Lbtkjeoõj fk p`ràcktrls `jtrlplcïtroels fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` aofkfonjls
 [sl fk nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl `pioe`jfl `sã prkeùeoljks ujovkrsìks y eljtrli fk aiuofls elrplrìks
 [toiozèoõj fk fosplsotovls `j`tõcoels jl trùcàtoels elcl ks ki aikkt kjkc`
 @pioe`r elrtk y jl r`sur`fl fk vkiil c`jtkjokjfl `sã i` ojfkcjof`f
ojf kcjof`f fk i` poki y kvot`r ojakeeoljks
 Xrkp`rèoõj elrrket` fk b`jfkm`s fk aikbleiosos y tètl v`nojì, `sknur`jfl `sã uj prlekfocokjtl ràpofl y
soj ojeofkjtks plr aìt` fk c`tkroìks.
?.4.- Ocplrt`jeo` fki fkskcpkðl elj kjalquk fk duc`jozèoõj fk i` sìuf.
Ki kjalquk duc`joz`fl kj kstls prlekfocokjtls pkrcotk ils sonuokjtks bkjkaoeols ` i` pèokjtk=
 Xèokjtk bokj ojalrc`f`, y` quk `jtks fk e`f` prlekfocokjtl fkbkcls kxpioe`r ` i` pèokjtk il quk sk
rkìoz`rà
 Vr`tl elrfoì7 kstl n`r`jtoz` eljao`jz` kj i` pèokjtk dèo` ki prlaksoljì
 C`jtkjkr i` provèof`f fk i` pèokjtk, rkspkt`jfl su ojtocof`f y prlplreoljàjflik sknurof`f.
0?;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J½ 0
I` pèokjtk Vkrks` Qïioz fk 58 `ðls eljeurrk ì Eksa`c fk su elcuj` p`r` su prockr eljtrli fk
f k kcb`r`zl. @
i` iikn`f` ks rkeobof` plr ki VKJU fki blx c`tkrjì, quokj rkìoz`rà prlekfocokjtls fk ckfoeoõj p`r` iuknl
fkrov`ri` ` i` `tkjeoõj c`trlj`.
0.- ¼Euàiks slj ils 5 p`ràcktrls quk fkbk ckfor ki VKJU kj kst` pèokjtk `jtk fk su eljtrli elj c`trlj`<
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- ¼Puï c`tkroìks jkeksot`cls p`r` ckfor kstls p`ràcktrls<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.- ¼Puï prkeùeoljks fkbkcls tkjkr kj ki eljtrli fk pksl fk kst` pèokjtk<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
@EVOQOF@F J½ 2
Ki fã` 5 fk @nlstl fki prkskjtk `ðl ojnrks` ` [rnkjeo` fk C`tkrjof`f fk uj dlspotì fk ìt` elcpikmof`f,
@ikm`jfr` Ob`rr`, proconkst`, eurs`jfl uj kcb`r`zl fk 54 skc`j`s. Rkaokrk cuedl flilr kj zlj` pïivoe` y
eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s flilrls`s. I` c`trlj` fk turjl kaketý` kvìuèoõj lbstïtroe` ùseuit`jfl i`tofls aktìks
y rkìoz`jfl tètl v`nojì. @i kx`coj`ri` eljaorc` tr`b`ml fk p`rtl ojoeoì k ojfoe` ` VKJU i` prkp`rèoõj aãsoe`=
aikkt kjkc`, troeltlcã` y prkp`rèoõj fk b`jfkm` p`r` aikbleiosos.
0.- ¼Puï pkrcotk fktkrcoj`r ki tètl v`nojì kj i` pèokjtk<
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
f.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
0?1

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2.- Jlcbr` 5 c`tkroìks jkeks`rols p`r` rkìoz`r ki aikkt kjkc` ` kst` pèokjtk kj ki blx c`tkrjì=
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.- Kj i` kvìuèoõj lbstïtroe` fk kst` pèokjtk sk eljaorc` ki fo`njõstoel fk tr`b`ml fk p`rtl,

p`r tl, elj cuy bukj`s
eljfoeoljks lbstïtroe`s
quk zlj` `j`tõcoe` plrdèkr
fkbks il euìi` sk kspkr` i` tltì plsoboiof`f fk uj p`rtl v`nojì. Kj kstk e`sl skðì` kj
troeltlcã`.
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6. Fkbkcls ojstì`r uj` vã` vkjls` kj kst` pèokjtk y` quk rkquokrk
r kquokrk dofr`tèoõj y `plrtk fk niuels` p`r` ki
prleksl quk vokjk. Kj rkièoõj ` i` aikbleiosos ofkjtoaoe
ofkjtoaoe`=
`=
`) BRÀJ[I@ FK KIKEEOÕJ= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b) ]LJ@ FLJFK FKBK RLV[I@RUK QÃ@ QKJLU@= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
0?>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
0.-
`) Ckfoeoõj fki pksl elrplrì
b) Ckfoeoõj fk i` tìi`
e) Eljtrli fk prksoõj `rtkroì.
2.-
 Xks` `fuitl.
 Xlfõcktrl `fuitl
 Blx c`tkrjì
 E`rjkt fk eljtrli y aoed` p`r` ki rknostrl.
 @p`r`tl tlc` prksoõj
 aljkjflselpol
5.- XRKE@[EOLJKU
 Ulioeot`r ` i` pèokjtk quot`rsk i` rlp` càs kxtkrj` (ed`qukt`, `bronl) y kj il plsobik eìz`fl.
 Ojfoe`r ` i` pèokjtk subor slbrk i` pks`, prkvo`ckjtk eìobr`f`, prleur`jfl jl tle`ri` fur`jtk ki
prlekfocokjtl p`r` jl ìtkr`r ki pks`mk.
 Uo utoioz`cls uj` pks` tr`foeoljì (rlc`j`) fkbkcls c`jkm`r 2 b`rr`s cktàioe`s quk socblioz`j ils
nr`cls y goiõnr`cls, fkspi`z`jfl kst`s b`rr`s ì i`fl fkrkedl fk i` pks` d`st` quk ki c`re`flr qukfk
lseoi`jfl soj tle`r supkraoeok.
@EVOQOF@F J½ 2
0.-
`) I` eljsostkjeo` fki eukiil utkrojl
b) Foi`tèoõj fki eukiil utkrojl
e) Kst`fl fk i`s ckcbr`j`s lvui`rks
f) Kje`m`cokjtl fk i` prkskjtèoõj aktì.
2.-
`) Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl
b) Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj iocpo`s.
e) Ar`sel fk Aikkt kjkc`
5.-
Uk rkìoz` kj i` zlj` vuiv`r
6.-
`) Bràjui` J½ 04
b) [j` vkz ojstì`f` i` vã` vkjls`, sk fkbk rltui`r elj tki` `fdksov` elile`jfl i` aked` fk ojstìèoõj
kj i` b`m`f` fk sukrl y kj i` zlj` fk pujeoõj fk i` pèokjtk.
0?4

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
Vïejoe`s kj pèokjtk lbstïtroe` (prkp`rtls y p`rtls)
dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/plrtì/uri/otkc/>?;
dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/plrtì/uri/otkc/>?;e15eàa6afk?ak86880800a806ba2.pfa
e15eàa6afk?ak86880800a806ba2.pfa
0??

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@prkjfoz`mk kspkr`fl08
Xrkst` `sostkjeo` ` ils prlaksoljìks fur`jtk ki p`rtl y pukrpkrol, kj ki c`rel fki rli fki VKJU,
`must`jfl su fkskcpkðl ` jlrc`tov`s y s`tosaèeoõj usu`ro`.
08.0.- Eli`blrèoõj kj= eljtrli prkj`tì.
ELJVRLI XRKJ@V@I
Ki eljtrli prkj`tì ks uj eljmujtl fk èeoljks rkìoz`f`s kj i` `tkjeoõj
proc`ro` elj ki lbmktl fk vonoi`r, eljtrli`r y pksquos`r ìtkrèoljks fur`jtk
ki tr`jseursl fki kcb`r`zl, t`jtl kj i` c`frk elcl kj ki aktl, y ` su vkz
prlclvkr ki ùtleuof`fl fk i` c`frk ` tr`vïs fk i` kjtrkn` kfue`tov`.
AON.045. (Eljtrli prkj`tì)
 AOED@ FK ELJVRLI XRKJ@V@I X@R@ V@RMKVKRL

 KUAONCLC@JÕCKVRL

 @JVRLXÕCKVRL
XKU@ @F[IVL
 KUVKVLUELXOL FK XOJ@RF
 D[OJED@ FK CKFOR KJ EKJVOCKVRLU
 BOLCBL
 E@COII@ NOJKELIÕNOE@
 U@B@JOII@ L X@XKI.
AOED@ FK ELJVRLI XRKJ@V@I= Xkrcotk rkelpoi`r ils `jtkekfkjtks nkjkrìks y nojkel lbstïtroels fk i`
c`frk, `fkcàs fk rknostr`r
r knostr`r tlfls ils eljtrliks prkj`tìks y kxàckjks rkìoz`fls.
AON.046
(Aoed` eljtrli prkj`tì) 288

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
E@RJKV FK ELJVRLI XRKJ@V@I= Dly ii`c`f` @NKJF@ U@I[F FK I@ C[MKR, i` euì pkrtkjkek ` i`
pèokjtk y sk fupioe`j ils f`tls quk kstàj kj i` aoed` fk eljtrli prkj`tì.
AON.04; (Xlrt`f` @nkjf` Uìuf fk i`

Cumkr)
AON.041 (@jtkekfkjtks nkjkrìks) 280

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.04> (@jtkekfkjtks Eljtrli Xrkj`tì)
AON. 044 (F`tls eljtrli Xrkj`tì)

282

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
KUAOJNCLC@JÕCKVRL= Xkrcotk eljtrli`r i` prksoõj `rtkroì

fk i` pèokjtk, ks uj` aujeoõj prlpo` fki VKJU. I`s eoar`s
kjeljtr`f`s slj cuy ocplrt`jtks kj ki fo`njõstoel fk ìnuj`s
kjakrckf`fks fki kcb`r`zl. Uk rkquokrk prkeosoõj.
AON.04? (Ksaonclc`jõcktrl)
@JVRLXÕCKVRL = Kj ki prockr eljtrli fk kcb`r`zl sk rkìoz` ckfoeoõj fk i` V@II@ fk i` pèokjtk, rli quk
ik elrrkspljfk ì VKJU. Kstk ojfoe`flr ks ocplrt`jtk plrquk sk rkièolj` forket`ckjtk elj ki pksl y i` kf`f
nkstèoljì fk i` c`frk, fktket`jfl ` tokcpl ìtkrèoljks fk kst`fl jutroeoljì.
XKU@ @F[IVL= Xkrcotk lbtkjkr ki pksl kj nr`cls fk i` pèokjtk. Uk fkbk

rkìoz`r kj e`f`
sk rkièolj` eljtrli, sokjfl
forket`ckjtk elj iùj`
tìiàujeoõj
y kf`fprlpo` fki VKJU.
nkstèoljì fk i`Kic`frk.
vìlr fki pksl
AON.0?8 (Xks` `fuitl)
285
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@ tr`vïs fk t`bi`s utoioz`f`s plr i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` sk pukfk ei`soaoe`r ki kst`fl jutroeoljì fk i` pèokjtk
kj=
AON.0?2. (V`bi` ei`soaoeèoõj

Jutroeoljì)
AON.0?0 (Rkièoõj tìi` y pksl)

@= BKML XKUL
B= JLRC@I
E= ULBRKXKUL
F= LBKUOF@F
KUVKVLUELXOL FK XOJ@RF= Ks uj ocpikckjtl quk pkrcotk ùseuit`r ils i`tofls e`rfoèls aktìks kj e`f`
eljtrli rkìoz`fl, so bokj ks fk e`ràetkr rufockjt`rol ks fk nr`j utoiof`f fksfk ki 2½ trockstrk fk kcb`r`zl dèo`
`fki`jtk.
Kxostkj ltrls kikckjtls tkejliõnoels elcl ki sljoeòf, quk pkrcotkj ùseuit`r ils i`tofls e`rfoèls aktìks `
tr`vïs fk ljf`s uitr`sljlnràaoe`s elile`jfl uj tr`jsfuetlr elj uj nki eljfuetlr fk sljofl, kstk kikckjtl sk
pukfk utoioz`r fksfk skc`j`s càs tkcpr`j`s fki kcb`r`zl.
Ki r`jnl jlrcì fk i`tofls e`rfoèls aktìks (IEA) ks 028 ` 018 x cojutl.
286

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON. 0?5 (Kstktlselpol fk Xoj`rf)
AON. 0?6 (Uljoeòf)
D[OJED@ FK CKFOR= Uk utoioz` p`r` ckfor i` ìtur` fki ýtkrl c`tkrjl. Ks uj` aujeoõj prlpo` fk i` prlaksoljì
c`trlj`, fk kst` alrc` sk pukfk fktkrcoj`r eiãjoe`ckjtk ki erkeocokjtl fki aktl. Il jlrcì ks quk cks ` cks
kst` ìtur` ùckjtk kj ecs., fk èukrfl ` uj` t`bi` kspkeãaoe`, so jl ks `sã sk pukfk slspked`r fk uj rkt`rfl
kj ki erkeocokjtl fki aktl.
AON.0?; (Duojed` p`r` ckfor ìtur` utkroj`) AON.0?1 (Ckfoeoõj fk ìtur` utkroj`)
AON.0?> (@itur` utkroj` y kf`f nkstèoljì)

28;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOLCBL= Kj tlfl blx c`tkrjì fkbk kxostor uj bolcbl p`r`

a`vlrkekr ` i` provèof`f fk i` pèokjtk y ` i` tr`jquoiof`f kj
i` `tkjeoõj.
AON.0?4 (Bolcbl)
E@COII@ NOJKELIÕNOE@= X`r` i` `tkjeoõj nojkel lbstïtroe` ks ojfospkjs`bik uj` e`coii` nojkeliõnoe` i`

quk pkrcotk i` bukj` plsoeoõj fk i` pèokjtk p`r` ki kx`ckj lbstïtroel y nojkeliõnoel.
AON.0?? (E`coii` nojkeliõnoe`)
281

iLCl@RXF; > >
Qoekrrketlrã`
Eu`fkrjl fk@e`fïcoe`
@pujtks
U@B@JOII@ L X@XKI= D`botuìckjtk sk utoioz` s`b`joii` l p`pki p`r` eubror supkraoeoks fk i` e`coii` quk
kstïj kj eljtètl elj i` pèokjtk, fk kst` alrc` sk prlcukvk i` ojfovofuìof`f k donokjk kj i`
@tkjeoõj. V`cboïj kj prlekfocokjtls nojkeliõnoels elcl tètl v`nojì, kspkeuilselpã` sk utoioz` uj`
s`b`joii` slbrk ils cusils fk i` pèokjtk p`r` a`vlrkekr su provèof`f.
AON.288 (U`b`joii` l p`pki)
RLI VKJU KJ KI ELJVRLI XRKJ@V@I

 Rkekpeoõj fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe`
 Rkelpoièoõj fk f`tls nkjkrìks kj aoed` fk eljtrli c`tkrjì
 Xksl y tìi` fk i` pèokjtk
 C`jtkjeoõj fki t`rmktkrl
 C`jtkjkr blx c`tkrjì lrfkj`fl
 C`jtkjkr stleg fk alrcui`rols kj kserotlrol (eìkjf`rol, fosel nkstèoljì) fk prlaksoljì c`trlj`
 C`jtkjkr ils kikckjtls prlpols fki eljtrli prkj`tì (duojed`, kstktlselpol fk Xoj
Xoj`rf)
`rf)
 Rkekpeolj`r y `redov`r rksuit`fl fk kxàckjks fk i` pèokjtk.
08.2.- @tkjeoõj fk prkp`rtl.
U@I@ FK XRKX@RVLU=
 Ks i` ujof`f lbstïtroe` kj fljfk sk c`jkm` ki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl, quk ks uj pkrãlfl fk rki`tov` furèoõj,
fkpkjfokjfl fk i`s eljfoeoljks y p`rof`f fk i` pèokjtk.
 Kj kst` ujof`f i` pèokjtk pkrc`jkek slil d`st` cojutls `jtks fk prlfueorsk i` kxpuisoõj fki aktl.
@EEOLJKU FK KJAKRCKRÃ@ KJ U@I@ FK XRKX@RVLU
28>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks (Xrksoõj `rtkroì, arkeukjeo` e`rfãè`, arkeukjeo` rkspor`tlro`, Vª `xoi`r,
s`turèoõj fk lxãnkjl) e/1 drs y e/6 drs kj pèokjtks elj UDK.
 Ki eljtrli fk prksoõj `rtkroì fkbk rkìoz`rsk eu`jfl i` pèokjtk jl prkskjt` eljtrèeoõj utkroj`, y` quk
ïst` ìtkr` ki rksuit`fl.
 Eljtrli lbstïtroel plr dlr`rol= c`trlj` rkìoz` eljtrli fk IEA y fojàcoe`
f ojàcoe` utkroj`.
 Vètl v`nojì= rkìoz`fl plr c`trlj` y `sostkjeo` fk VKJU. (ed`t`, m`rrl elj `nu`, nu`jtks kstïroiks,
pojz` rlcpkckcbr`j`s).
 Xrkp`rèoõj k ojstìèoõj fk vã` vkjls`= Uukrl niuels`fl ;% ;88ee + lxotleoj` 0 `cplii` (; [O), b`m`f`b `m`f`
fk sukrl y bràjui` j½ 04, vonoi`jeo` eljtoju` fk i` vã` vkjls`.
 Cljotlr aktì lrfkj`fl, eli`blrèoõj fki VKJU kj i` ojstìèoõj.
 @skl nkjotì sknýj tïejoe`



[sl fkkj
@yuf` `põsotl nkjotì.
ki tr`si`fl fk i` pèokjtk ` i` sì` fk p`rtls.
@QOU@R @ XRLAKUOLJ@I C@VRLJ@ KJ E@UL FK=

 Cktrlrr`no` `bujf`jtk

 Xèokjtk elj skjsèoõj fk puml

 Cìkst`r nkjkrì fk i` pèokjtk

 Uonjls votìks ìtkr`fls

 Qã` vkjls` kxtr`v`s`f`.
CLJOVLR AKV@I=

Ks uj ocpikckjtl
lbstïtroe`, pkrcotktkejliõnoel
` tr`vïs fk fk nr`juitr`sljlnràaoe`s
ljf`s `yuf` kj ki àrkè`pt`r
ils i`tofls e`rfoèls fki aktl.
@fkcàs plskk uj tr`jsfuetlr quk e`pt` i`s eljtrèeoljks

utkroj`s y su ojtkjsof`f mujtl ` uj c`re`flr fk clvocokjtls

aktìks.
AON.280 (Cljotlr aktì)
284

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
LBMKVOQL FKI [UL FKI CLJOVLR=

 Fktkrcoj`r ki nr`fl fk votìof`f aktì ` tr`vïs fk i` e`ptèoõj fk
IEA y clvocokjtls aktìks)
Fktkrcoj`r i` prkskjeo` fk eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s (pkrolfoeof`f,

ojtkjsof`f)
Fkse`rt`r l fo`njlstoe`r suarocokjtl aktì `nufl.

AON.282 ([sl fki cljotlr aktì)

OJFOE@EOLJKU KJ KI [UL FKI CLJOVLR=
 Kcb`r`zls slbrk 24 skc`j`s

 Eljtrli fk vo`boiof`f aktì kj kcb`r`zls p`tliõnoels
 Uãjtlc`s fk p`rtl prkc`turl
 U`jnr`cokjtl nkjotì kj kcb`r`zls slbrk 24 skc`j`s
 Vr`b`ml fk p`rtl
 X`rtl.
08.5.- @tkjeoõj fk p`rtl
U@I@ FK X@RVLU=
 Ks ki iun`r fljfk sk prlfuek
prl fuek i` kxpuisoõj fki aktl y `jkxls
lvui`rks (pièkjt` y ckcbr`j`s.)
 Ki p`rtl sk eljsofkr` dly kj fã` uj
u j ètl quorýrnoel plr ki
pltkjeoì roksnl fk eljt`cojèoõj fur`jtk ki prleksl y i` rkìozèoõj
fk uj elrtk pkrojkì ii`c`fl kposoltlcã`, quk pkrcotk prltknkr ils
tkmofls pkrojkìks fk i` c`frk y `fkcàs a`vlrkek ` i` kxpkfot`
sìof` fki aktl.
AON.285 (Uì` fk p`rtls)
28?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
FK ELJAKEEOÕJ E@CXL KUVÏROI X@EOKJVK LBUVÏVROE@ KJ U@I@ FK X@RVL

LBMKVOQLU= Xrlplreolj`r ckfof`s fk `skpso` y `jtoskpso` kj ki prleksl fki p`rtl v`nojì kvot`jfl i`
tr`jscosoõj fk coerllrn`joscls
coerllrn`joscls p`tõnkjls ` i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` y rkeoïj jèofl.
RLI VKJU=
 Uk rkìoz` i` elileèoõj fk b`rrkr`s prltketlr`s= Elao`,

c`se`roii`, eubrkeìz`fl.
 Rkìoz`r i`v`fl eiãjoel fk c`jls sknýj tïejoe`.
 @elclf`r ` pèokjtk kj cks` nojkeliõnoe`
nojk eliõnoe` elcboj`jfl plsoeoõj
skcoalwikr y iotltlcã`.
 [toioz`r pokrjkr`s fk i` cks` nojkeliõnoe` p`r` `ply`r i`s
pokrj`s fk i` pèokjtk fkmàjfli` kj tltì `bfueeoõj, fk kst`
alrc` i` zlj` pkrojkì qukf`rà il càs kxpukst` plsobik.

Elile`r elao` y eubrkeìz`fl ` i` pèokjtk.
 Ojfoe`r ` i` pèokjtk quk elilquk sus c`jls kj ils slplrtks fk
i`s pokrj`s p`r` kmkrekr c`ylr aukrz` kj i` kxpuisoõj fki aktl.
 Qkroaoe`r vã` vkjls` y su pkrck`boiof`f.
AON.286 (Xlstur` fk
 Fkseubror `bflckj fk i` pèokjtk. fki`jtì quorýrnoel)
 Kj cks` cktàioe`, elile`r p`quktk fk rlp` kstïroi `brokjfl ki prockr kjvlitlrol elj tïejoe` kstïroi (fksfk
`fkjtrl dèo` àukr` soj tle`r ki ojtkrolr fk i` s`b`joii`).
 Ulbrk ki sknujfl kjvlitlrol sk kjeukjtr` uj` elcprks` kstïroi i` euì utoioz`rà i` c`trlj` p`r` ki ske`fl
fk c`jls fkspuïs fki i`v`fl quorýrnoel.

 Ki VKJU `brk ki sknujfl kjvlitlrol elj tïejoe` kstïroi, kspkr` ` quk i` c`trlj` sk elilquk fki`jtì
quorýrnoel, tlc`jfl i`s pujt`s fk i`s `s`s fk `c`rrk, i`s eruz` `must
`mustàjfli`s
àjfli`s ì eukrpl fk i` prlaksoljì y
iuknl ik larkek ils nu`jtks kstïroiks
kstïroiks..









 Ulbrk su c`jl jl fokstr` elile` i` e`m` fk ojstruckjtì
quorýrnoel `broïjfli` elj tïejoe` kstïroi y larkeoïjfli` ` i`
cks` quorýrnoe`.
Kj i` ojvkstofur` fk i` pèokjtk fkbk eli`blr`r elj i`

c`trlj` kj i` èlclfèoõj fk ils p`ðls y s`b`joii`s

kstïroiks sokcprk c`jopui`jfl foed`s s`b`joii`s plr ki i`fl
quk tle` ` i` pèokjtk.
Xlstkrolrckjtk fkbk prlplreolj`r ` i` c`trlj` uj` mkrojn`

fk 08 ee elj tïejoe` kstïroi, `bror `cplii` fk iofle`ãj` ì 2%,

p`r` i` `fcojostrèoõj fk i` `jkstkso` ileì kj zlj` pkrojkì.
AON.28; (Kjtrkn` fk e`m` quorýrnoe`)

208

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.281 (mkrojn`s p`r` `jkstkso` ileì) AON.28> (Iofle`ãj` 2%, `jkstïsoel ileì)

 Xrlplreolj`r ` i` c`trlj` ki c`tkroì fk sutur` slioeot`fl `brokjfl ki kjvlitlrol elj tïejoe` kstïroi.

Aojìoz`fl ki prlekfocokjtl fk `tkjeoõj fk p`rtl y ìucbr`cokjtl, ki VKJU eli`blr` elj i` c`trlj` kj i`
iocpokz` fk nkjotìks y zlj` pkrojkì , p`r` kiil fkbk=
l Rkìoz`r elileèoõj fk nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl
l Orron`r elj c`tr`z fk sukrl aosoliõnoel slbrk zlj` pkrojkì
l [toioz`r elcprks` iocpo`jfl
`jfl fksfk zlj` vuiv`r dèo` zlj` `jì, `b`re`jfl p`rtk plsplstkrolr
tkrolr fk ils
cusils.

 Xlstkrolrckjtk, elrrlblr`r mujtl ` i` c`trlj` i` rktrèeoõj utkroj` elcprocokjfl zlj` ojarùcboioeì fki
`bflckj y i` sìof` fk aiuml nkjotì (ilquols).

 Elile`r `põsotl y s`b`joii` iocpo` kj nkjotìks fk i` pèokjtk.

 Eli`blr`r kj ki tr`sp`sl fk i` pèokjtk fk cks` nojkeliõnoe` ` e`coii` fk tr`jsplrtk.

 Rkvos`r vã` vkjls` fk i` pèokjtk y `vos`r kj e`sl fk lbstrueeoõj.

 Fkskedl fk rlp` sueo` kj rkekptàeuil elrrkspljfokjtk

 I`v`fl fk ojstruckjtì quorýrnoel p`r` su plstkrolr tr`si`fl ` kstkroiozèoõj.
RLI C@VRLJ@=

 Elileèoõj fk b`rrkr`s prltketlr`s= elao`, c`se`roii`, eubrkeìz`fl,
pkedkr` y `jtop`rr`s
I`v`fl quorýrnoel fk c`jls sknýj tïejoe`.

Vlc`r elcprks` kstïroi fk p`quktk fk p`rtl rkìoz`jfl ske`fl sknýj


tïejoe`.
AON.284 (I`v`fl
quorýrnoel fk c`jls)
200

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 @bokrtl ki p`quktk fk p`rtls tlc`r fki`jtì quorýrnoel

ojtrlfueokjfl i`s c`jls plr fkjtrl y plr i` p`rtk plstkrolr fk ïstk,
kstor`ril ikmls fk i` cks` quorýrnoe` `must`jfl i`s c`jnuoii`s y
prleur`jfl quk ki VKJU `c`rrk i`s `s`s fk `mustk.
 Larkeofls ils nu`jtks plr ki VKJU, rkìoz` plstur` fk nu`jtks elj
tïejoe` kstïroi eubrokjfl plr
elcpiktl i`s c`jnuoii`s fki fki`jtì.
AON.28? (Uke`fl elj
elcprks` kstïroi)
AON. 208 (Xlstur` fk
nu`jtks kstïroiks)

 Kj i` cks` quorýrnoe` lrfkj` i`s elcprks`s y p`ðls ` elile`r kj uj kxtrkcl fk kii`, y rkeobk i` e`m` fk
ojstruckjtì quorýrnoel larkeofl plr ki VKJU, lrfkj`jfl ki c`tkroì elj i`s `s`s dèo` ki prlaksoljì.
prl aksoljì.
AON.200 (Ojstruckjtì quorýrnoel fk e`m`
fk p`rtl)
202

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Rkìoz` ojvkstofur` fk pèokjtk lbstïtroe` elile`jfl=

l I` 0ª s`b`joii` b`ml pkivos.
l I` 2ª s`b`joii` eubrokjfl uj` pokrj`.
l I` 5ª s`b`joii` eubrokjfl i` pokrj` eljtr`ro`.
l
I` 6ª s`b`joii` slbrk `bflckj.
 I` alrc` fk tlc`r i` s`b`joii` ks eubrokjfl ilsi ls nu`jtks elj ki blrfk fk ïst` p`r` jl eljt`coj`r ì rlz`r
elj i` pèokjtk.
 Ulioeot` ` VKJU uj` mkrojn` fk 08 ee y iuknl uj` `cplii` fk iofle`ãj` e`rn`jfl ki `jkstïsoel ileì quk sk
`fcojostr` fksfk dlrquoii` vuiv`r kj forkeeoõj ` niýtkl fkrkedl.
 I` c`trlj` rkìoz`rà fostojt`s c`jolbr`s lbstïtroe`s p`r` `yuf`r ` i` kxpuisoõj fki aktl cltov`jfl ki puml
fk i` pèokjtk ì clckjtl fk i` eljtrèeoõj utkroj`, p`r` kiil skrà jkeks`rol rkìoz`r uj` ojeosoõj pkrojkì
quk `cpiã` ki foàcktrl v`nojì ii`c`f` KXOUOLVLCÃ@, quk `yuf`rà ` aèoiot`r i` sìof` fki aktl.
 [toioz`rà uj` elcprks` kstïroi p`r` prltknkr ki pkrojï fk i` pèokjtk ` i` sìof` fki rkeoïj jèofl.
 Ki rkeoïj jèofl ks elile`fl d`botuìckjtk kj ki `bflckj fk i` c`frk ske`fl y iikv`fl ` ujof`f fk rkeoïj
jèofl plr pkrsljì fk kst` ujof`f, prkvol ` kstl i` c`trlj` rkìoz` pojz`cokjtl y elrtk fk elrfõj
ucboioeì.
 Xlstkrolrckjtk elrrkspljfk ki ìucbr`cokjtl, prleksl plr ki euì sk rkeobk i` pièkjt` y `jkxls lvui`rks,
ïstls skràj kiocoj`fls ` tr`vïs fk prleksls kspkeoìks fki ekjtrl dlspotì`rol.
 I` c`trlj`, iuknl fk rkvos`r nkjotìks fk i` pèokjtk, prkp`r` c`tkroì p`r` sutur` larkeofl plr ki VKJU,
elile`jfl `num` elj e`tnut
e`tnut kj plrt` `num` prlekfokjfl ` rkeljs
rkeljstotuor
totuor i` zlj` pkrojkì ` tr`vïs fk uj`
sutur` ii`c`f` KXOUOLRR@AO@ L XKROJKLRR@AO@
XKROJKLRR@AO@..
 X`r` kstk prlekfocokjtl utoioz`rà `fkcàs elcprks`s
elcprks`s kstïroiks dèokjfl dkclst`so`
dkclst`so` slbrk i` ojeosoõj y
utoioz`jfl pojz`s `j`tõcoe`s p`r` i` aomèoõj fki tkmofl.
 Vkrcoj`fl ki prlekfocokjtl sk rktor` rlp` fk e`cpl kstïroi fljfk elj eli`blrèoõj fki VKJU, rkìoz`rà
iocpokz` fk zlj` nkjotì y p`rtk plstkrolr fk ils cusils rktor`jfl rkstls fk aiuofls.
 Rkìoz` mujtl ì VKJU rkvosoõj fk rktrèeoõj utkroj` ` tr`vïs fk i` elcprksoõj fki ýtkrl kj alrc` c`juì
y i` lbskrvèoõj fk i` pïrfof` fk ilquols elile`jfl elcprks` y s`b`joii` kj zlj` nkjotì.
 Uk rktor` fki`jtì, kiocoj` pkedkr` y eubrkeìz`fl.
 Rktorl fk nu`jtks kstïroiks, `jtop`rr`s, elao` y c`se`roii`
 Rknostrls elrrkspljfokjtks ì prlekfocokjtl
prlekfocokjtl kj iobrl fk X`rtls y aoed` eiãjoe` fk i` pè
pèokjtk.
okjtk.
08.6.- @tkjeoõj fk i` cumkr kj ki pukrpkrol
 I` projeopì `tkjeoõj fk i` pèokjtk puïrpkr` ` jovki dlspotì`rol ks

fur`jtk ki pukrpkrol ojckfo`tl (prockr`s 26 dlr`s) y p`rtk fki pukrpkrol
ckfo`tl (2 ` 08 fã`s)
 Ki lbmktovl projeopì fk kst` `tkjeoõj ks=
l Qonoi`r rktrèeoõj
rktrèeoõj utkroj`, s`jnr`fl y kst`fl fk i` ojeosoljks
quorýrnoe`s (i`p`rltlcã` l kpsolrrào`)
l Eli`blr`r elj ki `skl y eljalrt fk i` pèokjtk prkvojokjfl
ojakeeoljks
l @sostor kj ki ojoeol fk i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj` AON.202 (@tkjeoõj fki
l Kfue`r ` i` pèokjtk kj ils euof`fls plstkrolrks fki dln`r. pukrpkrol)
205

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@VKJEOÕJ FK KJAKRCKRÃ@ KJ X[KRXKROL OJCKFO@VL (26 DRU)

 Rkeobor pèokjtk fk p`bkiiõj, fkmàjfli` kj e`c`, elj ìcld`f` y e`bkekr` ikv`jt`f` kj 58½, elj tocbrk
kj c`jl y sukrl rktrètlr p`s`jfl nltkl rknui`r (28 ` 58 nlt`s plr cojutl).

Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks e`f` 0; cojutls plr 2 vkeks.

 @vos`r ` c`trlj` iikn`f` fk i` pèokjtk.

 Qonoi`r s`jnr`cokjtl, rktrèeoõj fki ýtkrl y sojtlc`tlilnã` fk i` pèokjtk.

 U`tosaèkr jkeksof`fks fk eljalrt= `bron`r ` i` pèokjtk, kj e`sl fk dopltkjsoõj c`jtkjof` `vos`r `
c`trlj` y `pioe`r ckfof`s ojckfo`t`s elcl= trkjfkikcburn, ùckjt`r nltkl fk sukrl y eljtoju`r eljtrli
fk X/@ y puisl.

 @skl nkjotì y e`cbol fk s`b`joii`.

 @sostor ` i` c`frk kj i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`.

 Qkroaoe`r prkskjeo` fk eìlstrl.
AON. 205 (Xukrpkrol ojckfo`tl)

@VKJEOÕJ FK KJAKRCKRÃ@ KJ X[KRXKROL CKFO@VL (2½ @ 08½ FÃ@)

 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks e`f` 1 dlr`s

 @skl nkjotì e`f` 6 dlr`s sokjfl ki dlr`rol= 81-08-06-04-
8 1-08-06-04-
22

 Ikv`jt`f` `sostof` fksfk i`s 02 dlr`s fk pukrpkrol kj
`fki`jtk

 Rktor`r Uljf` Aliiky y ckfor fourksos. (kj e`sl fk
eksàrk`)

 Lbtur`r vã` vkjls`.

 E`cbol l rktorl fk `põsotl lpkr`tlrol sknýj jlrc`s k
ojfoeèoljks cïfoe`s. AON.206 (Xukrpkrol Ckfo`tl)
206

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
ELCXIOE@EOLJKU FKI X[KRXKROL KJ I@U XROCKR@U 26 DLR@U

Ks ocplrt`jtk eljlekr k ofkjtoaoe`r i`s sonuokjtks elcpioeèoljks quk pukfkj prkskjt`rsk kj uj` pèokjtk
puïrpkr`, f`jfl `vosl lplrtujl ` i` prlaksoljì
pr laksoljì c`trlj` y/l cïfoel lbstktr`=
l Dkclrr`no` plst p`rtl
l Dopltkrco`
l Flilr (dkrof` lpkr`tlro` ― kposolrrào` ― kjtukrtls*)
l Dopltkjsoõj
*Kjtukrtls= Eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s plst p`rtl
AON.20; (Dkclrr`no` plst p`rtl)
08.;.- -Vïejoe` fk @skl Nkjotì.
VÏEJOE@ FK @UKL NKJOV@I KJ X@EOKJVK X[ÏRXKR@=
LBMKVOQL=
 Xrkvkjor i` oja
ojakeeoõj
keeoõj pukrpkrì
 Lbskrv`r i`s eljfoeoljks fk i` kposoltlcã` y s`jnr`cokjtl nkjotì
 Ltlrn`r elclfof`f ` i` pèokjtk
20;
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Elrrlblr`r f`tls fk i` pèokjtk ` i` euì sk rkìoz`rà ki `skl nkjotì.
 Rkìoz`r i`v`fl eiãjoel fk c`jls.
 Xrkp`r`r b`jfkm` elj=
l M`rrl piàstoel
l U`b`joii` iocpo`
l
Xiàstoel l duik
l X`quktk fk tõrui`s nr`jfks (iocpo`s)
l @põsotl nkjotì l cocã.
 Kxpioe`r prlekfocokjtl ` pèokjtk.
 Elile`r bolcbl p`r` rksnu`rf`r i` provèof`f.
pr ovèof`f.
 Rkìoz`r e`c` p`rtof`.
 Rkìoz`r elileèoõj fk nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl.
 Elile`r ` pèokjtk kj plsoeoõj fk iotltlcã` l

nojkeliõnoe`.
 Elile`r piàstoel y s`b`joii` b`ml pkivos fk i`
pèokjtk y plstkrolrckjtk ed`t` cktàioe`.
 Rktor`r `põsotl nkjotì `jtkrolr kiocoj`jfl kj
tèdl elj blis` piàstoe`.
 Lbskrv`r e`rètkrãstoe`s fki nkjotì fk i`
pèokjtk elcl= aiuml nkjotì, kposolrrào` (kj e`sl fk p`rtl
v`nojì)
AON.201 (Vïejoe` fk @skl nkjotì)


 Rkìoz`r brkvk prksoõj kj i` zlj` ojarùcboioeì fk i` pèokjtk p`r` lbskrv`r i` sìof` fk ilquols y sus
e`rètkrãstoe`s, `vos`jfl ` i` c`trlj` kj e`sl fk slspked`s fk ìtkrèoõj.
 Elile`r uj` tõrui` nr`jfk kj= pioknuk ojnuojì fkrkedl k ozquokrfl y zlj` eïjtroe` fki pubos.
 Vr`kr m`rrl elj `nu` tobo` `nr`f`bik ì tètl
 Kjtrk`bror i`bols c`ylrks, `pioe`r `nu` tobo` slbrk ils nkjotìks fk i` pèokjtk elrrlblr`jfl quk jl kstï
fkc`so`fl eìokjtk l arã` p`r` kii`.
 Kseurror `nu` plr tlfl ki nkjotì fk pubos ` zlj` `jì.
 Vlc`r tõrui`s nr`jfks ske`jfl fk pubos ` zlj` `jì= [j` tõrui` plr i`bol c`ylr fkrkedl, ltr` tõrui` plr
zlj` eïjtroe` vuiv`r, y ltr` tõrui` plr i`bol c`ylr ozquokrfl.
 Uk fkbk ske`r prliom`ckjtk zlj` niýtk` fk i` pèokjtk.
 I`s tõrui`s sk kiocoj`j kj blis` fk fkskedl l kj tèdl elj blis` piàstoe` (juje` kj i` ed`t`)
 Uk elile` `põsotl nkjotì.
 @aorc`jfl ki `põsotl sk rktor` ed`t`, s`b`joii` y piàstoel.
 Uk eubrk ` i` pèokjtk.
 Uk kiocoj` c`tkroì fk fkskedl fljfk elrrkspljf`.
201

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Uk i`v` ed`t` fkmàjfli` kj i` ujof`f fk i` pèokjtk l kj fospkjs`flr nkjkrì.

 Uk lrfkj` e`c` fk i` pèokjtk.
 Uk rktor` bolcbl.
 Rktorl fk nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl.
 Rknostrl fk prlekfocokjtl.
08.1.- -Fkskcpkðl sknýj jlrc`tov`s
Kj ils prleksls fk i` `tkjeoõj fk i` pèokjtk kj prkp`rtls, p`rtls y pukrpkrol ki eucpiocokjtl fk i`s jlrc`tov`s
jls pkrcotk=
 Xrltknkr ki bojlcol c`frk doml fur`jtk ki prleksl fki jèocokjtl
 Cljotlroz`r t`jtl ` i` c`frk y ì aktl kj ki prleksl fk tr`b`ml y p`rtl
p `rtl
 @pioe`r tïejoe`s quk a`vlrkekj ` i` prkvkjeoõj fk ojakeeoljks `jtks, fur`jtk y plstkrolr ì jèocokjtl
j èocokjtl fki
jklj`tl
 Xrkvkjor elcpioeèoljks dkclfojàcoe`s prlpo`s fk kstk prleksl.
08.>.- Fkskcpkðl lrokjt`fl ` i` s`tosaèeoõj usu`ro`.

Ki fkskcpkðl lrokjt`fl ` i` s`tosaèeoõj usu`ro` fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe` pkrcotk=
 Bukj` elcujoeèoõj kjtrk i` pèokjtk y ki kquopl fk sìuf.



Ukjsèoõj fk eljao`jz`
C`ylr fosplsoeoõj y sknurof`f
plr p`rtk ì rkeobor
fk i` pèokjtk uj tr`tl
` rkeobor
r keobor elrfoì yojfoeèoljks
y èkpt`r rkspktulsl plr p`rtk
p` rtk fk ils prlaksoljìks
 Ukjsèoõj fk bokjkst`r ì prleur`r ` i` pèokjtk uj `cbokjtk prov`fl k ãjtocl kj tlfls ils prlekfocokjtls
rkìoz`fls.
20>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
FKU@RRLIIL _ VÏRCOJLU X@RK@FLU
Eiùfo` @iikjfks, eljtrli` su kcb`r`zl kj ki EKUA@C fk su elcuj`. @etuìckjtk tokjk 24 skc`j`s fk
nkstèoõj. Ks rkekpeolj`f` plr VKJU fki blx c`tkrjof`f quokj rkìoz` `jtrlplcktrã` y eljtrli fk prksoõj
`rtkroì.
Fk èukrfl ` i` sotuèoõj pi`jtk`f` rkspljfk=
0.- Jlcbr` 5 f`tls nkjkrìks fk i` pèokjtk eljsonj`fls kj i` @NKJF@ FK U@I[F FK I@ C[MKR, sknýj i`
AON. 046.
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- X`r` rkìoz`r ki eljtrli prkj`tì i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` y ki VKJU, jkeksot`j c`tkroìks kspkeãaoels. @
eljtojuèoõj sk jlcbr`j 5 kikckjtls, y 5 fkaojoeoljks, elile` i` iktr` fki kikckjtl kj i` fkaojoeoõj y lbmktovl
quk elrrkspljf`=
KIKCKJVL X@R@ KI ELJVRLI XRKJ@V@I FKAOJOEOÕJ _ LBMKVOQL
@) KUAOJNLC@JÕCKVRL \\\\\\\\\Ks uj ocpikckjtl quk pkrcotk ùseuit`r

ils i`tofls e`rfãèls aktìks kj e`f` eljtrli
rkìoz`fl, so bokj ks fk e`ràetkr rufockjt`rol ks fk
nr`j utoiof`f fksfk ki 2½ trockstrk fk kcb`r`zl dèo`
`fki`jtk.
B) KUVKVLUELXOL FK XOJ@RF \\\\\\\\\Uk utoioz` p`r` ckfor i` ìtur` fki ýtkrl
c`tkrjl, ks uj` aujeoõj prlpo` fk i` prlaksoljì
c`trlj`, fk kst` alrc` sk pukfk fktkrcoj`r
eiãjoe`ckjtk ki erkeocokjtl fki aktl.
E) D[OJED@ FK CKFOR \\\\\\\\\Xkrcotk eljtrli`r i` prksoõõjj `rtkroì fk i`
pèokjtk, ks uj` aujeoõj prlpo` fki VKJU. I`s
eoar`s kjeljtr`f`s slj cuy ocplrt`jtks kj ki
fo`njõstoel fk ìnuj`s kjakrckf`fks fki
kcb`r`zl, sk rkquokrk prkeosoõj
5.-Jlcbr` 5 èeoljks quk elcl VKJU pukfks rkìoz`r kj ki eljtrli prkj`tì

pr kj`tì fk kst` pèokjtk=
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
204

iLCl@RXF; > >
Qoekrrketlrã`
@pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
FKU@RRLIIL
Ojnrks` ` sì` fk XRKX@RVLU Ekikstk Eof, pèokjtk fk 58 `ðls elj tr`b`ml fk p`rtl ojoeoì y 54 skc`j`s fk
kcb`r`zl. @ su iikn`f` ks eljtrli`f` y cljotlroz`f
cljotlroz`f`` plr VKJU y c`trlj` fk turjl. Fk èukrfl ` i`
sotuèoõj kxpukst` rkspljfk=
0.-Jlcbr` 6 èeoljks fk kjakrckrã` ` rkìoz`r kj i` sì` fk XRKX@RVLU=
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
f.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.-¼Kj quï sotuèoõj eiãjoe` quk ik leurr` ` kst` pèokjtk fkbkcls `vos`r ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj alrc`
ojckfo`t`< Jlcbr` 5.
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.-Kj ki eljtrli fki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl fk Ekikstk ks ojfospkjs`bik ki usl fk cljotlr aktì. ¼Euàiks slj ils 5
ocplrt`jtks lbmktovls fk su usl<
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
20?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
FKU@RRLIIL _ ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
Kj ki skrvoeol fk lbstktroeo` fk uj dlspotì fk ìt` elcpikmof`f ojnrks` ` sì` fk X`rtls Muiokt` Nljzàikz,
pèokjtk lbstïtroe`, cuitãp`r` fk 0 p`rtl v`nojì `jtkrolr, elj kcb`r`zl fk 5? skc`j`s, foi`tèoõj elcpikt`.
Ks uboe`f` kj uj` e`coii` nojkeliõnoe` y plsoeoõj fk iotltlcã` p`r` skr rkvkstof` elj rlp` kstïroi plr i`
prlaksoljì c`trlj` elj `yuf` fki VKJU fk i` skeeoõj.
Fk èukrfl ` kstk e`sl rkspljfk=
0.- ¼Puï b`rrkr`s prltketlr`s jkeksot` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` p`r` i` `tkjeoõj fk kstk p`rtl<
p` rtl<
`.
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
f.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
k.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.-Jlcbr` ì ckjls 6 c`tkroìks l ojsucls quk ki VKJU fkbk aèoiot`r ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i` `tkjeoõj
fk kstk p`rtl plr vã` v`nojì.
`.-
b.-
e.-
f.-
5.- [j` vkz `sostofl ki p`rtl fk Muiokt`, ks tr`si`f`f` ` i` skeeoõj fk pukrpkrol fljfk sk vonoi`rà ki kst`fl
nkjkrì y lbstïtroel fk i` pèokjtk `fkcàs fki ojoeol fk ièt`jeo`.
228

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Fk èukrfl ì fã` fk kst`f` Muiokt` p`s`rà plr ki pukrpkrol ojckfo`tl (26 drs) y ckfo`tl (2fl ` 08cl fã`). @
eljtojuèoõj elcpikt` ki eu`frl elcp`r`tovl elile`jfl i`s èeoljks fk kjakrckrã` p`r` `cbls pukrpkrols.
(5 èeoljks plr e`f` ujl).
@VKJEOÕJ FK KJAKRCKRÃ@ KJ X[KRXKROL @VKJEOÕJ FK KJAKRCKRÃ@ KJ X[KRXKROL

OJCKFO@VL
OJCKFO@VL (26 drs) CKFO@VL (2¸ ` 08¸ fã`)
`) `)
b) b)
e) e)
6.- Elj rkspketl ì `skl nkjotì rkìoz`fl ` kst` pèokjtk kj ki pkrãlfl fki pukrpkrol=
`) Jlcbr` 5 lbmktovls fk kstk prlekfocokjtl=

0.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b) Kj rkièoõj ` i` tïejoe` fk `skl nkjotì elcpikt` ki sonuokjtk tkxtl=

Fkbkcls elile`r ` i` pèokjtk kj
plsoeoõj\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\l\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\.
@i rkìoz`r ki `skl nkjotì plfkcls lbskrv`r e`rètkrãstoe`s elcl=
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ y \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
Kjtrk ils c`tkroìks jkeks`rols p`r` i` rkìozèoõj fki `skl nkjotì plfkcls
jlcbr`r=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ y \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
220

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F J¸0
0.-
`. JLCBRK
b. R[V
e. AKED@ FK J@ EOCOK
EOCOKJVL
JVL
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
FKAOJOEOÕJ _ LBMKVOQL
\\\\B\\\\\ Ks uj oc cpikckjtl
pikckjtl quk pkrcot
pkrcotkk ùseuit`r
ils i`tofls e`rfãèls aktìks kj e`f` eljtrli rkìoz`fl,
r kìoz`fl,
so bokj ks fk e`ràetkr rufockjt`rol ks fk nr`j
nr` j utoiof`f
fksfk ki 2½ trockstrk fk kcb`r`zl dèo` `fki`jtk.
\\\\E\\\\\ Uk utoioz` p`r` ckfor i` ìtur` fki ýtkrl
c`tkrjl, ks uj` aujeoõj prlpo` fk i` prlaksoljì
c`trlj`, fk kst` alrc` sk pukfk fktkrcoj`r
eiãjoe`ckjtk ki erkeocokjtl fki aktl.
\\\\@\\\\\ Xkrcotk eljtrli`r i` prksoõj `rtkroì fk
i` pèokjtk, ks uj` aujeoõj prlpo` fki VKJU. I`s
eoar`s kjeljtr`f`s slj cuy ocplrt`jtks kj ki
fo`njõstoel fk ìnuj`s kjakrckf`fks fki kcb`r`zl,
sk rkquokrk prkeosoõj
5. Jlcbr` 5 èeoljks quk elcl VKJU pukfks rkìoz`r kj ki eljtrli prkj`tì fk kst` pèokjtk=
RKUX[KUV@UU U[NKROF@U=
RKUX[KUV@
 Rkekpeoõj fk i` pèokjtk lbstïtroe`

 Rkelpoièoõj fk f`tls nkjkrìks kj aoed` fk eljtrli c`tkrjì
 Xksl y tìi` fk i` pèokjtk
 C`jtkjeoõj fki t`rmktkrl
 C`jtkjkr blx c`tkrjì lrfkj`fl
 C`jtkjkr stleg fk alrcui`rols kj kserotlrol (eìkjf`rol, fosel nkstèoljì) fk prlaksoljì c`trlj`
 C`jtkjkr ils kikckjtls prlpols fki eljtrli prkj`tì (duojed`, kstktlselpol fk Xoj
Xoj`rf)
`rf)

Rkekpeolj`r y `redov`r rksuit`fl fk kxàckjks fk i` pèokjtk
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@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
0.- Jlcbr` 6 èeoljks fk kjakrckrã` ` rkìoz`r kj i` sì` fk XRKX@R
XRKX@RVLU=
VLU=
RKUX[KUV@U U[NKROF@U
 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks (Xrksoõj `rtkroì, arkeukjeo` e`rfãè`, arkeukjeo` rkspor`tlro`, Vª `xoi`r,
s`turèoõj fk lxãnkjl) e/1 drs y e/6 drs kj pèokjtks elj UDK
 Ki eljtrli fk prksoõj `rtkroì fkbk rkìoz`rsk eu`jfl i` pèokjtk jl prkskjt` eljtrèeoõj utkroj`, y` quk
ïst` ìtkr` ki rksuit`fl
 Eljtrli lbstïtroel plr dlr`rol= c`trlj` rkìoz` eljtrli fk IEA y fojàcoe`
f ojàcoe` utkroj`
 Vètl v`nojì= rkìoz`fl plr c`trlj` y `sostkjeo` fk VKJU. (ed`t`, m`rrl elj `nu`, nu`jtks kstïroiks,
pojz` rlcpkckcbr`j`s)
 Xrkp`rèoõj k ojstìèoõj fk vã` vkjls`= Uukrl niuels`fl ;% ;88ee + lxotleoj` 0 `cplii` (; [O), b`m`f`
fk sukrl y bràjui` j½ 04, vonoi`jeo` eljtoju` fk i` vã` vkjls`
 Cljotlr aktì lrfkj`fl, eli`blrèoõj fki VKJU kj i` ojstìèoõj
 @skl nkjotì sknýj tïejoe`
 [sl fk `põsotl nkjotì
 @yuf` kj ki tr`si`fl fk i` pèokjtk ` i` sì` fk p`rtls.
2.- ¼Kj quï sotuèoõj eiãjoe` quk ik leurr` ` kst` pèokjtk fkbkcls `vos`r ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj
alrc` ojckfo`t`< Jlcbr` 5.
RKUX[KUV@U U[NKROF@U
 Cktrlrr`no` `bujf`jtk
 Xèokjtk elj skjsèoõj fk puml
 Cìkst`r nkjkrì fk i` pèokjtk
 Uonjls votìks ìtkr`fls
 Qã` vkjls` kxtr`v`s`f`.
5.-Kj ki eljtrli fki tr`b`ml fk p`rtl fk Ekikstk ks ojfospkjs`bik ki usl fk cljotlr aktì. ¼Euàiks slj
ils 5 ocplrt`jtks lbmktovls fk su usl<
 Fktkrcoj`r ki nr`fl fk votìof`f aktì ` tr`vïs fk i` e`ptèoõj fk IEA y clvocokjtls aktìks)
 Fktkrcoj`r i` prkskjeo` fk eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s (pkrolfoeof`f, ojtkjsof`f)
 Fkse`rt`r l fo`njlstoe`r suarocokjtl aktì `nufl.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 5
0.- B`rrkr`s prltketlr`s prlaksoljì c`trlj`
 Elao`
 C`se`roii`
 Eubrkeìz`fl
 Xkedkr`
 @jtop`rr`s
225

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2.- Jlcbr` ì ckjls 6 c`tkroìks l ojsucls quk ki VKJU fkbk aèoiot`r ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` kj i`
`tkjeoõj fk kstk p`rtl plr vã` v`nojì.
`.-E`m` fk p`rtls
b.-X`quktk fk X`rtls
e.-@cplii` fk iofle`ãj` 2%
f.-C`tkroì fk sutur`
5.-Fk èukrfl ì fã` fk kst`f`

kst` f` Muiokt` p`s`rà plr ki pukrpkrol ojckfo`tl (26 drs) y ckfo`tl (2¸ ` 08¸ fã`).
@ eljtojuèoõj elcpikt` ki eu`frl elcp`r`tovl elile`jfl i`s èeoljks fk kjakrckrã` p`r` `cbls
pukrpkrols.
(5 èeoljks plr e`f` ujl).
@VKJEOÕJ FK KJAKRCKRÃ@ KJ X[KRXKROL OJCKFO@VL (26 DRU)
 Rkeobor pèokjtk fk p`bkiiõj, fkmàjfli` kj e`c`, elj ìcld`f` y e`bkekr` ikv`jt`f` kj 58½, elj tocbrk
kj c`jl y sukrl rktrètlr p`s`jfl nltkl rknui`r (28 ` 58 nlt`s plr cojutl).
 vkeks
Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks e`f` 0; cojutls plr 2 vkeks
 @vos`r ` c`trlj` iikn`f` fk i` pèokjtk
 Qonoi`r s`jnr`cokjtl, rktrèeoõj fki ýtkrl y sojtlc`tlilnã` fk i` pèokjtk
 U`tosaèkr jkeksof`fks fk eljalrt= `bron`r ` i` pèokjtk, kj e`sl fk dopltkjsoõj c`jtkjof` `vos`r `
c`trlj` y `pioe`r ckfof`s ojckfo`t`s elcl= trkjfkikcburn, ùckjt`r nltkl fk sukrl y eljtoju`r eljtrli
fk X/@ y puisl
 @skl nkjotì y e`cbol fk s`b`joii`
 @sostor ` i` c`frk kj i` ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`
 Qkroaoe`r prkskjeo` fk eìlstrl
@VKJEOÕJ FK KJAKRCKRÃ@ KJ X[KRXKROL CKFO@VL (2fl @ 08cl FÃ@)

 Eljtrli fk sonjls votìks e`f` 1 dlr`s.
 @skl nkjotì e`f` 6 dlr`s sokjfl ki dlr`rol= 81-08-06-04-22
8 1-08-06-04-22
 Ikv`jt`f` `sostof` fksfk i`s 02 dlr`s fk pukrpkrol kj `fki`jtk
 Rktor`r Uljf` Aliiky y ckfor fourksos. (kj e`sl fk eksàrk`)
 Lbtur`r vã` vkjls`
 E`cbol l rktorl fk `põsotl lpkr`tlrol sknýj jlrc`s k ojfoeèoljks cïfoe`s.
226

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
6.-Elj rkspketl ì `skl nkjotì rkìoz`fl ` kst` pèokjtk kj ki pkrãlfl fki pukrpkrol=
`) Jlcbr` 5 lbmktovls fk kstk prlekfocokjtl=
0. Xrkvkjor i` ojakeeoõj pukrpkrì
2. Lbskrv`r i`s eljfoeoljks fk i` kposoltlcã` y s`jnr`cokjtl nkjotì
5. Ltlrn`r elclfof`f ` i` pèokjtk.
b) Kj rkièoõj ` i` tïejoe` fk `skl nkjotì elcpikt` ki sonuokjtk tkxtl=
Fkbkcls elile`r ` i` pèokjtk kj plsoeoõj\\\\ FK
FK IOVLVLCÃ@ \\\\\\\\\l\\\ NOJKELIÕNOE@
NOJKELIÕNOE@ \\\\\\.
@i rkìoz`r ki `skl nkjotì plfkcls lbskrv`r e`rètkrãstoe`s elcl=
\\\\\ AI[ML
AI[ML NKJOV@I \\\\\\\\\\\ y \\\\\ KXOUOLRR@AO@ \\\\\\\\\\
KXOUOLRR@AO@ \\\\\\\\\\
Kjtrk ils c`tkroìks jkeks`rols p`r` i` rkìozèoõj fki `skl nkjotì plfkcls jlcbr`r=\\\ N[@JVKU
N[@JVKU
FK XRLEKFOCOKJVL \\\\\\\
XRLEKFOCOKJVL \\\\\\\ y \\\\\ XX@P[KVK
@P[KVK FK VÕR[I@U NR@JFKU (IOCXO@U) \\\\\\\
\\\\\\\
22;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
Eljtrli prkj`tì
dttp=//www.erkekeljtonl.nlb.ei/wp-eljtkjt/upil`fs/
dttp=//www.erkekeljt onl.nlb.ei/wp-eljtkjt/upil`fs/2806/02/@nkjf`-fk-i`-cumkr-2806.pfa
2806/02/@nkjf`-fk-i`-cumkr-2806.pfa
aoiks/aoiks/N[O@XKROJ@V@I280658802806R(0).XFA
XKROJ@V@I280658802806R(0).XFA
C`jkml fki p`rtl

Nuã` Xkroj`tì 280;
aoiks/aoiks/N[O@%28XKROJ@V@I\280;\%28X
%28XKROJ@V@I\280;\%28X@R@%28X[BIOE@
@R@%28X[BIOE@R.pfa
R.pfa
C`tkroìks k ojstruckjtì kj i` `tkjeoõj prlaksoljì fki p`rtl

dttp=//ks.siofksd`rk.jkt/RlbojTujTl/p`rtls-j`turì-8?2
Vïejoe`s `pioe`f`s kj ki pukrpkrol

LROKJV@EOÕJ VÏEJOE@ X@R@ I@ @VKJEOÕJ OJVKNR@I KJ KI XLUX@RVL 2806
dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/sotks/fkaùit/aoiks/aoiks/LVX[
aoiks/aoiks/LVX[KRXKRO\RKQOU
KRXKRO\RKQOU@FL\A.pfa
@FL\A.pfa
XRLEKFOCOKJVLU X@R@ I@ @VKJEOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL

dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/sotks/fkaùit/aoiks/aoiks/XR
aoiks/aoiks/XRLEKFOCOKJVLUX@
LEKFOCOKJVLUX@R@I@@VKJEOLJFK
R@I@@VKJEOLJFKIRKEOKJJ@EOFLAOJ@
IRKEOKJJ@EOFLAOJ@
I82822806.pfa
221

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Rkìoz`j, kj ki c`rel fki rli fki VKJU, tïejoe`s fk `skl y prlaoi`xos foronof`s ì rkeoïj jèofl ojckfo`tl
y ì rkeoïj jèofl s`jl, fk èukrfl ` jlrc`s tïejoe`s, kj uj kjalquk duc`jost` fk i` sìuf.
00.0.- Vïejoe`s fk `skl fk e`vof`fks fki rkeoïj jèofl
VÏEJOE@ FK RKCLEOÕJ FK [JVL UKBÀEKL

[j` vkz quk ki rkeoïj jèofl d` kst`boioz`fl sus sonjls votìks y
rknui`fl su tkcpkr`tur` elrplrì, p`s`f` i`s 2 dlr`s fk
lbskrvèoõj sk rkìoz` i` tïejoe` fk rkcleoõj fki ujtl skbàekl.
([jtl skbàekl= c`tkroì nr`sl y bi`jqukeojl quk eubrk i` poki fki
rkeoïj jèofl)
AON.20> ([jtl skbàekl)
 Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtls
 Ar`sel fk v`skioj` iãquof`
 X`quktk fk tõrui`s nr`jfks

Blis` piàstoe` p`r` fkskedls l tèdl elj blis` piàstoe`.
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Uk rkìoz` i`v`fl eiãjoel fk c`jls

 Uk `brk p`quktk fk tõrui`s kcbkboïjfli`s elj v`skioj` iãquof`
 Kj i` euj` r`fo`jtk sk rktor` p`ðì fki rkeoïj jèofl
 Elj uj` tõrui` sk iocpo` zlj` aèoì, p`bkiiljks ùroeui`rks y eukiil,
rkclvokjfl ujtl skbàekl projeopìckjtk kj zlj` fk pioknuks
 Elj i` sonuokjtk tõrui` sk iocpo`j kxtrkcof`fks supkrolrks y trljel
(`bflckj y kspìf`)
 Kj i`s kxtrkcof`fks supkrolrks sk elcokjz` fksfk c`jls dèo` `xoi`
 Elj ltr` tõrui` sk iocpo`j kxtrkcof`fks ojakrolrks, pioknuks ojnuojìks y
iãjk` ojtkrniýtk`, sonuokjfl i` forkeeoõj fksfk poks ` pkivos. AON.204 (Rkcleoõj ujtl)
 Uk fkm` ì rkeoïj jèofl kj euj` r`fo`jtk
 Uk fksked` c`tkroì
 Uk c`jtokjk plstur` fk nu`jtks p`r` eljtoju`r elj ki prlekfocokjtl fk `skl c`tojì l b`ðl fki rkeoïj
jèofl.
22>
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
00.2.-Vïejoe`s fk prlaoi`xos leui`r
XRLAOI@TOU FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL

FKAOJOEOÕJ FK XRLAOI@TOU= Ulj èeoljks tkjfokjtks ` i` prkvkjeoõj fk foakrkjtks ojakeeoljks l
kjakrckf`fks quk pufoksk `fquoror ki rkeoïj jèofl kj su p`sl plr ki e`jì fki pp`rtl=
`rtl=
XRLAOI@TOU LE[I@R= Xrkvkjeoõj fk i` ojakeeoõj leui`r
 Elj ils nu`jtks kstïroiks utoioz`fls kj i` rkekpeoõj

fki rkeoïj jèofl sk tlc`j 2 n`s`s kstïroiks
kcbkbof`s elj `nu` bofkstoi`f`
 Elj uj` c`jl sk aom` i` e`bkz` fki rkeoïj jèofl
kj plsoeoõj ckfo`
 Uk iocpo` e`f` lml elj i` n`s` elrrkspljfokjtk
sonuokjfl i` forkeeoõj fksfk zlj` i`nrocì dèo`
àukr` soj vlivkr ` p`s`r i` n`s` plr ki coscl
sketlr
 Elj ils fkfls sk kjtrk`brkj ils pàrp`fls
pàr p`fls fki
rkeoïj jèofl y kj e`f` lml sk `pioe` 0 nlt` fk
eliorol latàicoel. AON.20? (Xrlaoi`xos leui`r)
C@VKRO@IKU JKEKU@ROLU X@R@ I@ XRLAOI@TOU LE[I@R
 Xrkp`r`r uj` b`jfkm` iocpo` elj ils sonuokjtks c`tkroìks=

l N`s`s kstïroiks elj `nu` Bofkstoi`f`
l Eliorol latàicoel
l N`s` kstïroiks eu`fr`f`s
l @nu` bofkstoi`f` kj `cplii`.
00.5.- Vïejoe`s fk prlaoi`xos fki elrfõj ucboioeì
XRLAOI@TOU FK ELRFÕJ [CBOIOE@I= Xrkvkjeoõj fk i` ojakeeoõj fk elrfõj

ucboioeì.
l Võrui`s kstïroiks elj ìeldli purl >8¸
VÏEJOE@ @ RK@IO]@R=
 Elj ils nu`jtks kstïroiks utoioz`fls kj i` rkekpeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl sk tlc`j 2 AON.228 (Xrlaoi`xos fki
tõrui`s kstïroiks kcbkbof`s kj ìeldli >8½. elrfõj ucboioeì)
 Iuknl elj i` ltr` tõrui` sk iocpo` i` pujt` y supkraoeok fki elrfõj
224

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Uk slstokjk ki elrfõj ucboioeì y elj uj` tõrui` sk iocpo` i` b`sk fk ïstk elj clvocokjtl eoreui`r.
22?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
00.6.- Vïejoe`s fk prlaoi`xos fk kjakrckf`f dkclrrànoe`
XRLAOI@TOU FK KJAKRCKF@F DKCLRRÀNOE@= Eljsostk kj i` `fcojostrèoõj fk 0 cn fk vot`coj` G

(aotlckj`folj` l aotlquojlj`) plr vã` ojtr`cuseui`r kj i` e`r`
e`r` `jtkrolr y i`tkrì fki cusil.
l Võrui`s kstïroiks elj ìeldli purl >8¸
l Mkrojn` fk 0 ee e`rn`fl elj 0 cn fk vot`coj` g l aot
aotlckj`folj`
lckj`folj` (i` `cplii` fk vot`coj` g eljtokjk
d`botuìckjtk 08 cn fki ckfoe`ckjtl kj 0 ee fk sliueoõj, plr t`jtl fk fkbk kxtr`kr 0 ee quk kquovìk
` 0 cn)
VÏEJOE@ @ RK@IO]@R=
 Elj ils nu`jtks kstïroiks utoioz`fls kj i` rkekpeoõj fki
rkeoïj jèofl sk aom` i` pokrj` fki rkeoïj jèofl elile`jfl
uj` c`jl fktràs fki cusil
 Elj i` ltr` c`jl tlc`cls uj` tõrui` elj ìeldli purl y
`skptoz`cls i` zlj` ` pujeolj`r
 Uk tlc` i` mkrojn` fk 0 ee elj ki ckfoe`ckjtl ojskrt`jfl i`
`num` kj ?8½ kj i` zlj` ckfo` `jtkrolr y i`tkrì fki cusil,
sk `spor` y iuknl ojyket`cls ki ckfoe`ckjtl
 Rktor`cls `num` y elj tõrui` ske` rkìoz`cls elcprksoõj
fk i` zlj`.
AON.220 (Xrlaoi`xos kjakrckf`f
00.;.- Fkskcpkðl sknýj jlrc`tov`s dkclrrànoe`)
Kj ki fkskcpkðl sknýj jlrc`tov`s rkakrkjtk ` i`s tïejoe`s ckjeolj`f`s sk a`vlrkek `=
 C`jtkjkr i` ojfkcjof`f y iocpokz` fk i` poki fki rkeoïj jèofl.

 Xrkvkjor ojakeeoljks ` plstkrolr plr vã` leui`r l ucboioeì
 Xrkvkjor tr`stlrjls dkclrrànoels kj ki rkeoïj jèofl.
00.1.- Fkskcpkðl lrokjt`fl ` i` s`tosaèeoõj usu`ro`
Kj rkièoõj ì fkskcpkðl lrokjt`fl ` i` s`tosaèeoõõjj usu`ro` sk fkstè`=
 Ils p`frks slj `qukiils quk

qu k càs fkcukstr`j su s`tosaèeoõj kj i` ckfof` quk tlf`s i`s tïejoe`s `pioe`f`s
ì rkeoïj jèofl sk kxpioe`j k ojalrc`j lplrtuj`ckjtk.
 @fkcàs ki tr`tl elrfoì y i` fkioe`f` c`jopuièoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl, f`rà ` ils p`frks
p` frks c`ylr eljao`jz` y
sknurof`f kj ils prlaksoljìks ` e`rnl.
258

iLCl@RXF; > >
Qoekrrketlrã`
@pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
Kj ki p`bkiiõj lbstïtroel fk uj dlspotì topl 0 ks rkekpeolj`fl ki rkeoïj jèofl E@UVRL EKIOU, quokj jèk ki
fã` 0; fk c`rzl fki `ðl kj eursl, ` i`s 84=5; dlr`s, prlfuetl fk uj` eksàrk` kiketov` elj 54 skc`j`s fk
kcb`r`zl.
Kj i` rkekpeoõj ojckfo`t` ki jklj`tõilnl mujtl ` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` rkìoz`j fkjtrl fki p`bkiiõj fostojtls
prlekfocokjtls a`vlrkeokjfl ` i` rksporèoõj, dkclfoj`co` y tkrclrrknuièoõj fk kstk jklj`tl.
Xlstkrolrckjtk ks iikv`fl ` i` [JOF@F FK RKE RKEOÏJ
OÏJ J@EOFL fljfk ki VK VKJU
JU rkìoz` èeoljk
èeoljkss fk
`jtrlplcktrã`, prlaoi`xos y eljtrli fk sonjls votìks p`r` su plstkrolr kjtrkn` ` i` c`frk.
Fk èukrfl ì e`sl kxpukstl rkspljfk=

0.- ¼Euàiks slj i`s 5 prlaoi`xos `pioe`f`s ì rkeoïj jèofl kj i` [JOF@F FK RKEOÏJ J@EOFL<
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- ¼Euài ks ki lbmktovl fk i` prlaoi`xos leui`r kj ki rkeoïj jèofl<
R.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.-Jlcbr` ils c`tkroìks jkeks`rols p`r` rkìoz`r i` prlaoi`xos fk i` kjakrckf`f dkclrrànoe`.
R.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6.-[j` vkz rkìoz`f` i` `tkjeoõj ojckfo`t`, y ki eljtrli fk sonjls votìks, ks ocplrt`jtk rkìoz`r i` RKCLEOLJ
FKI [JVL UKBÀEKL fki rkeoïj jèofl. Fkserobk i` tïejoe`=
R.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\
250

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U=
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
0.-
`.- XRLAOI@TOU LE[I@R
b.- XRLAOI@TOU FK ELRFÕJ
e.- XRLAOI@TOU FK KJAKRCKF@F DKCLRRÀNOE@.
2.-
LBMKVOQL= Xrkvkjeoõj fk i` ojakeeoõj leui`r kj ki p`sl plr ki e`jì fki p`rtl.
5.-
C@VKRO@IKU XRLAOI@TOU KJAKRCKF@F DKCLRR@NOE@=
 Võrui`s kstïroiks elj ìeldli purl >8¸
 Mkrojn` fk 0 ee e`rn`fl elj 0 cn fk vot`coj`
vot`coj` g l aotlck
aotlckj`folj`
j`folj` (i` `cplii` fk vot`c
vot`coj`
oj` g eljtokjk
d`botuìckjtk 08 cn fki ckfoe`ckjtl kj 0 ee fk sliueoõj, plr t`jtl fk fkbk kxtr`kr 0 ee quk kquovìk `
0 cn)
6.- [j` vkz rkìoz`f` i` `tkjeoõj ojckfo`t`, y ki eljtrli fk sonjls votìks, ks ocplrt`jtk rkìoz`r i`
RKCLEOÕJ FKI [JVL UKBÀEKL
UKBÀEKL fki rkeoïj jèofl. Fkserobk i` tïejoe`=
 Uk `brk p`quktk fk tõrui`s kcbkboïjfli`s elj v`skioj` iãquof`
 Kj i` euj` r`fo`jtk sk rktor` p`ðì fki rkeoïj jèofl

Elj uj` tõrui`kjsk
projeopìckjtk iocpo`
zlj` zlj` aèoì, p`bkiiljks ùroeui`rks y eukiil, rkclvokjfl ujtl skbàekl
fk pioknuks
 Elj i` sonuokjtk tõrui` sk iocpo`j kxtrkcof`fks supkrolrks y trljel (`bflckj y kspìf`)
 Kj i`s kxtrkcof`fks supkrolrks sk elcokjz` fksfk c`jls dèo` `xoi`
 Elj ltr` tõrui` sk iocpo`j kxtrkcof`fks ojakrolrks, pioknuks ojnuojìks y iãjk` ojtkrniýtk`, sonuokjfl i`
forkeeoõj fksfk poks ` pkivos
 Uk fkm` ì rkeoïj jèofl kj euj` r`fo`jtk
 Uk fksked` c`tkroì
 Uk c`jtokjk plstur` fk nu`jtks p`r` eljtoju`r elj ki prlekfocokjtl fk `skl c`tojì l b`ðl fki rkeoïj
jèofl
252

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
C@J[@I FK XRLEKFOCOKJVLU X@R@ I@ @VKJEOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL.

dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/sotks/fkaùit/aoiks/aoiks/C@J
aoiks/aoiks/C@J[@IFKXRLEKFOCOK
[@IFKXRLEKFOCOKJVLURJ08002806.pfa
JVLURJ08002806.pfa
255

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Rkìoz`j, kj ki c`rel fki rli fki VKJU, tïejoe`s fk kjakrckrã` foronof`s ì rkeoïj jèofl ojckfo`tl y ì
rkeoïj jèofl s`jl, fk èukrfl ` jlrc`s tïejoe`s, kj uj kjalquk duc`jost` fk i` sìuf.
02.0.- Vïejoe`s fk `jtrlplcktrã` fki RJ.

 Euj` r`fo`jtk
 Nu`jtks kstïroiks
 Xks` pkfoàtroe`
 @jtrlpõcktrl
 Duojed` fk ckfor.
@JVRLXLCKVRÃ@=
XKUL=
 Uk elile` ` rkeoïj jèofl kj pks` pkfoàtroe` prleur`jfl
jl tle`r ì jklj`tl p`r` jl ìtkr`r su rksuit`fl.
 I` pks` pukfk skr fonotì l c`juì utoioz`jfl b`rr`s fk
cktì quk sk fkspi`z
fkspi`z`j
`j d`st` lbtkjkr ki pksl.
 @jtks fk kjekjfkr i` pks` l eìobr`ri` sk fkbk elile`r
s`b`joii` fk p`pki kj su supkraoeok p`r` prltknkr ì rkeoïj
jèofl.
AON.222 (Xksl fki rkeoïj jèofl)
V@II@=
 Uk elile` ì rkeoïj jèofl slbrk plfõcktrl, utoioz`jfl i`
s`b`joii` fk p`pki p`r` prltknkril fk i` supkraoeok.
 Elj uj` c`jl sk elile` i` e`bkz` fki rkeoïj jèofl
tlp`jfl elj ki kxtrkcl aoml fki plfõcktrl, elj i` ltr`
c`jl sk dèk `prkdkjsoõj kj ils tlboiils kstor`jfl `cb`s
pokrj`s.
 [j` vkz aom` i`s pokrj`s sk sukit` i` c`jl fk i` e`bkz` y
sk fkspi`z` ki c`re`flr fk tìi` kj ekjtãcktrls d`st` i`
pi`jt` fk ils poks fki rkeoïj jèofl. Fk kst` alrc` sk cofk
i` tìi`.
AON.225 (Ckfoeoõj fk tìi` fki Rkeoïj
Jèofl)
256

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EORE[JAKRKJEO@U=
 Kst` ckfoeoõj sk fkbk rkìoz`r kj i` euj` r`fo`jtk.
r `fo`jtk.

Elj i` duojed` fk ckfor nr`fu`f` kj ekjtãcktrls sk cofkj fk rutoj` 2 eoreujakrkjeo`s.
 Eoreujakrkjeo` er`jk`j`= Uk tlc` elcl rkakrkjeo`

i` p`rtk càs prlcojkjtk fk i` rknoõj
r knoõj leeopotì quk
elojeofk elj i` zlj` arljtì fki rkeoïj jèofl
AON. 226 (Ckfoeoõj fk eoreujakrkjeo` er`jk`j`)
 Eoreujakrkjeo` tlràeoe`= sk fkspi`z` i` duojed` fk ckfor plr i` kspìf` fki rkeoïj jèofl fkb`ml fk ils
dukels `xoi`rks y slbrk i` ojskreoõj fk ils jõfuils c`c`rols.
D`botuìckjtk, `cb`s eoreujakrkjeo`s tokjkj uj`

foakrkjeo` `prlxoc`f` fk 0 ec. sokjfl i` eoreujakrkjeo`
er`jk`j` (E.E.) c`ylr quk i` eoreujakrkjeo` tlràeoe`
(E.V.)
AON.22; (Ckfoeoõj fk eoreujakrkjeo` tlràeoe`)
02.2.- Vïejoe`s fk eljtrli fk sonjls votìks fki RJ
ELJVRLI FK UONJLU QOV@IKU FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL
Ki eljtrli fk ils sonjls votìks sk rkìoz` kj i` euj` r`fo`jtk ` i` dlr` y 2 dlr`s fk jèofl elj ki lbmktovl fk
kvìu`r i` dkclfoj`co` y tkrclrrknuièoõj fki jklj`tl.
Ki lrfkj fk eljtrli fk sonjls votìks ks ki sonuokjtk=
 ARKE[KJEO@ RKUXOR@VLRO@
 ARKE[KJEO@ E@RFÃ@E@
 VKCXKR@V[R@ @TOI@R
 U@V[R@EOÕJ FK LTÃNKJL (so sk fospljk fk rkeursl)
25;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Euj` fk rkeoïj jèofl
 Aljkjflselpol

Vkrcõcktrl fk ckreurol
 Lxãcktrl fk puisl
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Ofkjtoaoe`r ì rkeoïj jèofl ` tr`vïs fk su br`zìktk
 Uk rkìoz` eljtrli fk arkeukjeo` rkspor`tlro` soj tle`r ì rkeoïj
jèofl jo kstocui`ril eljt`jfl ki jýckrl fk vkeks quk sk
kikv` ki tõr`x kj uj cojutl. (vìlrks jlrcìks kj ki rkeoïj
jèofl= 68 rksporèoljks plr cojutl.
 [toioz`jfl aljkjflselpol, prkvo`ckjtk fksojaket`fl elj
ìeldli purl >8½ sk elile` ckcbr`j` fki aljkjflselpol kj ki
i`fl ozquokrfl
plstkrolr fki tõr`x
fki tõr`x sknýjfki
sk`rkeoïj jèoflfkiplrjklj`tl
i` plsoeoõj i` e`r`kj
`jtkrolr
i` euj`l
r`fo`jtk
 Uk eljtrli` arkeukjeo` e`rfãè` eljt`jfl ki jýckrl fk
puisèoljks plr cojutl (vìlrks jlrcìks kj ki rkeoïj jèofl=
028 ― 018 plr cojutl) AON.221 (Eljtrli fk arkeukjeo`
e`rfãè`)
e`rfãè`)
 Uk elile` tkrcõcktrl elile`jfl ki buibl fk ckreurol kj ki dukeld ukel `xoi`r

skiiàjflil elcpikt`ckjtk aom`jfl ki br`zl ì tõr`x, kspkr`r 5 cojutls y
vkroaoe`r ki vìlr fk i` tkcpkr`tur` (r`jnls d`botuìks= 51.; ½E ― 5>½ E)
E)

Uo ki skrvoeol fospljk fki rkeursl sk fkbk eljket`r ì rkeoïj jèofl uj
lxãcktrl fk puisl quk pkrcotk ckfor i` s`turèoõj fk lxãnkjl, ïstk sk
eljket` ` tr`vïs fk uj skjslr fki iuz quk sk `fdokrk ` uj` kxtrkcof`f
(c`jl l pok) e`pt`jfl i` s`turèoõj fksfk ils e`poi`rks `rtkroìks
pkroaïroels
 I`v`fl y fksojakeeoõj fk tkrcõcktrl elj ìeldli purl >8½
 Fksojakeeoõj fk aljkjflselpol elj ìeldli purl
 Rknostrl fk sonjls votìks kj dlm` fk eljtrli fk rkeoïj jèofl.
AON.22> (Eljtrli fk t¸
`xoi`r)
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02.5.- Vïejoe`s fk `skl c`tojì, cuf` y vkstu`rol fki rkeoïj jèofl

VÏEJOE@ FK @UKL C@VOJ@I FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL=
C@VKRO@IKU JKEKU@ROLU
 Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtls
 X`quktk fk tõrui`s nr`jfks
 Xkojkt` aoj` fk piàstoel
p iàstoel
 U`b`joii` iocpo`
 Blis` fk piàstoel p`r` fkskedl l tèdl elj blis` piàstoe`.
XRLEKFOCOKJVL
 Uk c`jtokjk i` plstur` fk nu`jtks fk pr
prlekfocokjtls
lekfocokjtls utoioz`fls
kj i` rkcleoõj fk ujtl skbàekl (sk e`cbo`j kj e`sl fk rltur`
l eljt`cojèoõj)
 C`jtkjkr ì rkeoïj jèofl kj euj` r`fo`jtk
 Duckfkekr i`s tõrui`s elj `nu` pur` y tobo`
 Iocpo`r ki eukrpl fki rkeoïj jèofl sonuokjfl ki coscl lrfkj
quk kj i` rkcleoõj fki ujtl skbàekl
 E`r`, eukiil y p`bkiiljks ùroeui`rks
 Kxtrkcof`fks supkrolrks y trljel AON.224 (@skl c`tojì fki rkeoïj
 Kxtrkcof`fks ojakrolrks y zlj` ojnuojì, nkjotì y niýtk` jèofl)
 Xlstkrolrckjtk sk kjvukivk ì rkeoïj jèofl kj uj` s`b`joii` iocpo` fkm`jfl iobrk i` e`bkz`
 B`ml ki `nu` tobo` fk i` ii`vk sk plsoeolj` ì jklj`tl ble` `rrob` sk clm` ki eukrl e`bkiiufl y utoioz`jfl i`
pkojkt` aoj` sk rktor` ils rkstls fk nr`s` y s`jnrk prlvkjokjtks fki prleksl fki p`rtl
 Uk fkm` ` rkeoïj jèofl kj euj` r`fo`jtk
 I`v`fl fk pkojkt`
 Fksked`r c`tkroì utoioz`fl
 Rktorl fk nu`jtks
 Rknostrl kj dlm` fk eljtrli fki rkeoïj jèofl.
QKUVOF[R@ _ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL

Fkspuïs fki `skl c`tojì l b`ðl fki rkeoïj jèofl sk rkìoz` i` vkstofur` elcpikt`.
 X`quktk fk tõrui`s fk ìnlfõj edoe`s
 Ar`sel elj ìeldli purl >8½
 X`ðì fksked`bik
 E`coskt` fk ìnlfõj
 Blfy l poiuedl fk ìnlfõj
 Bìikroj` fk ìnlfõj
 Eìektojks
25>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Lsotl fk piusd, tlìi` l ìnlfõj (kvot`r i`j` l pli`r)

 Nlrrotl fk ìnlfõj.
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Uk rkìoz` fksojakeeoõj fki elrfõj ucboioeì elj ìeldli
purl >8½ p`rtokjfl plr i` b`sk, iuknl pujt` y supkraoeok
 Uk elile` p`ðì fksked`bik fkm`jfl sokcprk elrfõj
ucboioeì aukr` fki p`ðì
 Uk elile` e`coskt` tkjokjfl prkskjtk ojtrlfueor fkfls
fkjtrl fk i` `bkrtur` fk i`s c`jn`s tlc`jfl i` c`jl fki
rkeoïj jèofl y fkspi`z`jfl càs aàeoi i` c`jn` plr ils
br`zls. AON.22? (Fksojakeeoõj fki elrfõj ucboioeì)
 Uk elile` poiuedl l blfy fk i` cosc` alrc`
 Uk elile` bìikroj` y iuknl eìektojks
 Uk elile` lsotl y nlrrl fk ìnlfõj.
AON.258 (Qkstofur` fki rkeoïj jèofl)
02.6.- Vïejoe`s fk b`ðl fki rkeoïj jèofl

VÏEJOE@ FK B@ÐL FK RKEOÏJ J@EOFL ELJ @N[@ ELRROKJVK=
Ltr` ìtkrj`tov` fk `sk`r ì rkeoïj jèofl `jtks fk quk sk fksprkjf` ki elrfõj ucboioeì ks ki b`ðl elj `nu`
elrrokjtk, y` quk ki b`ðl plr ojckrsoõj sk rkìoz` kj flcoeoiol 6 fã`s fkspuïs quk sk e`k ki elrfõj.
254

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl
 M`bõj fk nioekroj` l sd`cpll jkutrl
 Xkojkt` aoj`
 U`b`joii` iocpo`
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Xlstur` fk nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl
 Uk `brk ii`vk fk i`v`c`jls rknui`jfl i`
tkcpkr`tur` fk tì alrc` quk sk`
`nr`f`bik ì eljtètl elj ki flrsl fk i`
c`jl y/l elfl fki pioknuk fki br`zl AON.250 (B`ðl fki rkeoïj jèofl elj `nu` elrrokjtk)
 Ki VKJU elile` s`b`joii` iocpo` slbrk su tlrsl
 Uk tlc` ì rkeoïj jèofl fksfk ki trljel elj i` e`r` cor`jfl dèo` `b`ml
 Uk iikv` ì i`v`c`jls elj `nu` tobo` elrrokjfl
 Uk elile` b`ml ki `nu` clm`jfl fk e`bkz` ` poks p`rtokjfl plr kspìf`
 Uk `pioe` m`bõj fk nioekroj` l sd`cpll jkutrl fksfk e`bkz` ` poks arlt`jfl su`vkckjtk i` poki fki rkeoïj
jèofl y rkclvokjfl ki m`bõj

Uk sokjt` kj i`v`c`jls elj i` c`jl kj ki eukiil fki rkeoïj jèofl p`r` quk ki `nu` kseurr` plr `bflckj
`bfl ckj
y nkjotìks
 C`jtkjokjfl i` plsoeoõj, fk utoioz` pkojkt` aoj` p`r` rkclvkr rkstls fk nr`s` y s`jnrk fki eukrl e`bkiiufl
 Uk rktor` ` rkeoïj jèofl fki `nu` y sk kjvukivk elj s`b`joii` iocpo`
 Uk iikv` ` euj` r`fo`jtk ske`jfl fksfk e`bkz` ` poks, projeopìckjtk kj ils pioknuks eutàjkls
 Uk i`v` pkojkt` aoj`
 Uk fksked` s`b`joii` kj rlp` sueo`
 Rknostrl kj dlm` fk `tkjeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl.
02.;.- Vïejoe`s fk `tkjeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl kj ojeub`flr`, euj`.
@VKJEOÕJ FK RKEOÏJ J@EOFL KJ OJE[B@FLR@
FKAOJOEOÕJ=
 I` ojeub`flr` ks uj kikckjtl tkejliõnoel foskð`fl p`r` foscojuor i`s pïrfof`s eìõroe`s fki rkeoïj jèofl
prkc`turl l elj pksl ckjlr ` 0488 nrs.
 @fkcàs eljstotuyk uj b`rrkr` p`r` i` kjtr`f` fk nïrckjks quk pufokr`j ojaket`r ì rkeoïj jèofl.
 Xlskk pukrt`s eoreui`rks plr i`s euìks sk pukfk c`jopui`r ì rkeoïj jèofl soj jkeksof`f fk `bror i`
ojeub`flr` y nkjkr`r pïrfof`s fk eìlr.
25?
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Eukjt` elj uj p`jki fk eljtrli kj ki euì sk pukfk prlnr`c`r i` tkcpkr`tur` fk i` ojeub`flr` y fk i` poki
fki rkeoïj jèofl ` tr`vïs fk uj skjslr.
AON.252 (Ojeub`flr`) AON.255 (X`jki fk eljtrli fk ojeub`flr`
¼EÕCL QKUVOR [J@ OJE[B@FLR@<

I` ojeub`flr` plskk uj eliedõj ì euì elile`cls
ojakrolr.
uj` sàb`j` ojakrolr.
D`botuìckjtk sk elile` ì rkeoïj jèofl slbrk uj
jofl alrc`fl ì kjrlii`r s`b`joii`s, slbrk ïstk sk
elile` uj` s`b`joii` flbi`f` p`r` pljkr ils dlcbrls
fki rkeoïj jèofl ì clckjtl fk èlst`ril,
ckmlr`jfl i` plsoeoõj fk i` e`bkz`.
AON.256 (Jofl fk ojeub`flr`)

ARKE[KJEO@ FK ELJVRLI KJ OJE[B@FLR@=
I` arkeukjeo` fk eljtrli fk uj R.J. kj ojeub`flr` ks e`f` 5 dlr`s.
RLI VKJU=
 Qkroaoe`r f`tls fki rkeoïj jèofl
 Rkìoz`r i`v`fl eiãjoel fk c`jls
 Qkroaoe`r kikckjtls fk i` b`jfkm` fk i` ujof`f p`r` i` `tkjeoõj fk kjakrckrã` d`botuì. Kst` fkbk eljtkjkr=
268

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
l VKRCÕCKVRL FK CKRE[ROL
l X@P[KVK FK VÕR[I@U EDOE@U
KUVÏROIKU
l MKROJN@ FK ; EE ELJ @N[@
BOFKUVOI@F@
l MKROJN@ FK 5 ee @BOKRV@ X@R@
@UXOR@R ULJF@ J@ULNÀUVROE@
l AR@UEL ELJ @IELDLI X[RL >8½
 @fkcàs mujtl ` i` b`jfkm` fkbkcls tkjkr=

l Rkekptàeuil piàstoel elj tõrui`s nr`jfks iocpo`s AON.25; (@tkjeoõj fk Rkeoïj jèofl kj
ojeub`flr`)
l C`tr`z elj `nu` bofkstoi`f`
l X`pkiks p`r` `jltèoõj y iàpoz nràotl kxeiusovl p`r` `jltèoõj fk sonjls votìks
l Blis`s piàstoe`s p`r` p`ðì sueol y fkskedls.
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
@jtks fk `bror i` ojeub`flr` fkbkcls rknostr`r ils sonuokjtks f`tls=
 Vkcpkr`tur` `cbokjtì fk ojeub`flr` quk cukstr` ki p`jki fk f k eljtrli

 Vkcpkr`tur` fk poki fki rkeoïj jèofl quk cukstr` ki p`jki fk eljtrli
 U`turèoõj fk lxãnkjl quk cukstr` i` p`jtìi` fki cljotlr cuitop`ràcktrls
 Arkeukjeo` e`rfãè` quk cukstr` i` p`jtìi` fki cljotlr cuitop`ràcktrls
 E`jtof`f fk sukrl `fcojostr`fl plr blcb` fk ojausoõj eljtoju` kj e`sl quk tkjn` uj` vã` vkjls`
ojstì`f`
 @fkcàs, sk fkbk lbskrv`r ì rkeoïj jèofl soj kstocui`ril, lbskrv`jfl ki tõr`x y eljt`jfl i` arkeukjeo`
rkspor`tlro` kj uj cojutl
 Uk `brkj i`s pukrt`s fk i` ojeub`flr` elj ils elfls p`r` jl eljt`coj`r ils fkfls
 Uk ojtrlfuekj `cb`s c`jls y `jtkbr`zls kj ki ojtkrolr
 Uo jl sk fospljk fk cljotlr sk rkìoz` eljtrli fk arkeukjeo` e`rfoè` kj uj cojutl utoioz`jfl aljkjflselpol
 Uk rkìoz` eljtrli fk tkcpkr`tur` `xoi`r sknýj tïejoe` fkserot` kj i` nuã` `jtkrolr
 Uk rkìoz` eljtrli fk prksoõj `rtkroì7 p`r` kiil utoioz`cls uj c`jnuotl fk prksoõj jklj`tì ki euì sk pukfk
elile`r kj euìquokr` fk i`s 6 kxtrkcof`fks fki R.J
 Ki c`jnuotl kstà eljket`fl ` uj cljotlr fljfk sk ètov` i` tlc` fk prksoõj `rtkroì. Ils vìlrks lbtkjofls
jls f`ràj prksoõj sostõioe`, prksoõj fo`stõioe` y prksoõj `rtkroì ckfo` (X@C), i`s quk fkbkj rknostr`rsk.
260

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
C[F@ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL KJ OJE[B@FLR@=
 C`jtkjokjfl i` cosc` plsoeoõj kj i` ojeub`flr` sk rkcukvk ki p`ðì fki rkeoïj jèofl fkmàjflil fkb`ml
fk ils niýtkls fk ïstk

 Uk tlc`j fls l trks tõrui`s nr`jfks y sk kcbkbkj elj `nu` bofkstoi`f`

 Uk rkìoz` iocpokz` fk ils nkjotìks fksfk `jtkrolr ` plstkrolr soj vlivkr ` p`s`r i` tõrui`

 Uk rkìoz` pksl fki p`ðì fkseljt`jfl ki pksl jktl fk ïstk p`r` `jlt`r i` e`jtof`f fk lroj` y/l
fkplsoeoljks kiocoj`f`s.

 Uk kiocoj` p`ðì y tõrui`s kj blis` piàstoe` y sk fksked`


Uk elile` jukvl p`ðì fksked`bik fkm`jfl elrfõj ucboioeì aukr` fki p`ðì so ks quk kstk `ýj jl sk d`
e`ãfl
[toioz`jfl tõrui` kstïroi , sk kcbkbk elj ìeldli purl >8½ y sk iocpo` ki elrfõj ucboioeì

Ks ocplrt`jtk kj e`f` eljtrli e`cbo`r fk plsoeoõj ì rkeoïj jèofl= fk eýbotl supojl, fk eýbotl vkjtrì l

i`tkrìoz`fl
Uk rkelcokjf` c`jtkjkr ì rkeoïj jèofl kj ojeub`flr` kj plsoeoõj Alwikr.

262

iLCl@RXF; > >
Qoekrrketlrã`
@pujtks
QKUVOF[R@ FK I@ E[J@ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL

 U`b`joii` ojakrolr (ofkìckjtk elj kiàstoel)
U`b`joii` supkrolr

C`jtoii` l ar`z`f`

Eubrke`c`

XRLEKFOCOKJVL
 Uk elile` s`b`joii` ojakrolr slbrk eliedõj

 Uk elile`j socuitàjk`ckjtk s`b`joii` ojakrolr, c`jtoii` y eubrke`c` prleur`jfl fkm`r uj flbikz fk i`
s`b`joii` supkrolr slbrk ki eubrke`c`
 Uk aom`j i`s trks pokz`s kj i` p`rtk ojakrolr fki eliedõj.
XLUOEOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL KJ E[J@ X@R@ KI VR@UI@FL ELJ U[ C@FRK=
 C`jtkjkr ì rkeoïj jèofl kj plsoeoõj fkeýbotl

i`tkrì y alwikr kj 58½
 Fk kst` alrc` kvot`rkcls i` `sporèoõj fk
ìockjtl plr võcotls y ckmlr`rkcls ki vèo`cokjtl
nàstroel kvot`jfl ki rkiuml n`strlkslaànoel
 Uk fkbk elile`r b`ml i` e`bkz` fki rkeoïj jèofl
uj p`ðì b`cbojl l c`jtoii` fk nïjkrl plr i`
kvkjtuìof`f fk rkmurnotèoõj l võcotls
 Uk sunokrk ki usl fk uj elmãj tro`jnui`r l
s`b`joii` flbi`f` elile`f` kj i` kspìf` fki rkeoïj
jèofl p`r` c`jtkjkr aom` i` plsoeoõj fkeýbotl i`tkrì.
AON. 251 (Vr`si`fl fk rkeoïj jèofl kj euj`)
02.1.- Fkskcpkðl sknýj jlrc`tov`s=
Kj ki fkskcpkðl sknýj jlrc`tov`s rkakrkjtk ` i`s tïejoe`s `pioe`f`s ì rkeoïj jèofl sk a`vlrkek `=
 C`jtkjkr uj` tkrclrrknuièoõj `fkeu`f` kj ki rkeoïj jèofl

jèofl (aosoliõnoel l p`tliõnoel) ` tr`vïs fki usl fk
euj` r`fo`jtk, ojeub`flr`, y rlp` forket` ì rkeoïj jèofl.
j èofl.
 Kvìu`r y prkvkjor lplrtuj`ckjtk ìtkrèoljks dkclfojàcoe`s ` tr`vïs fki eljtrli fk sonjls votìks kj ki
rkeoïj jèofl.
 C`jtkjkr i` ojfkcjof`f fk i` poki y ` su vkz prkvkjor ojakeeoljks plr i` vã` eutàjk` y e`vof`fks.
265

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
02.> Fkskcpkðl lrokjt`fl ` i` s`tosaèeoõj

s `tosaèeoõj usu`ro`
Kj rkièoõj ì fkskcpkðl lrokjt`fl ` i` s`tosaèeoõõjj usu`ro` sk fkstè`=
 Ojalrc`r lplrtuj` y ei`r`ckjtk ` ils p`frks fk i`s foakrkjtks tïejoe`s `pioe`f`s ì rkeoïj jèofl
aosoliõnoel y p`tliõnoel, èi`r`jfl fuf`s y a`vlrkeokjfl ` i` vosot` y kst`fã` elj ki jklj`tl.
 Fkclstr`r prkleupèoõj ` ils p`frks kj rkièoõj ` i` vkstofur` y `rrlp`cokjtl fki rkeoïj jèofl, f`jfl
rkelckjfèoljks.
266

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
FKU@RRLIIL
Iikn` ` i` [JOF@F FK RKEOÏJ J@EOFL OJCKFO@VL ki R.J. Nljzàikz Xlbiktk, quokj jèk ki 2; fk Akbrkrl
fki `ðl kj eursl, prlfuetl fk eksàrk` ` i`s 8?=58 dlr`s.
Uk rkìoz` `jtrlplcktrã` fki rkeoïj jèofl, fljfk su pksl ks= 5.2;8 nrs. y cofk= ;0 ecs.
Eoreujakrkjeo` er`jk`j`= 55 ecs. eoreujakrkjeo` tlràeoe`= 52 ecs.

Uokjfl i`s 08=58 dlr`s, sk kjeukjtr` kj euj` r`fo`jtk y ks eljtrli`fl plr ki VKJU fk i` ujof`f. Xlstkrolrckjtk
` i`s 00=58 dlr`s sk rkìoz` ki sknujfl eljtrli fljfk i` tkcpkr`tur` `xoi`r y rkstl fk sonjls votìks kstàj
kst`biks.
Ki VKJU rkìoz` ` kstk R.J. prlekfocokjtls fkstoj`fls ` donokjoz`r i` poki fki jklj`tl, fljfk `fkcàs ks
vkstofl y iuknl iikv`fl ` su c`frk.
Fk èukrfl ì e`sl rkspljfk=

0.- Kj i` `jtrlplcktrã` fk kstk rkeoïj jèofl jlcbr` ils ocpikckjtls l c`tkroìks jkeks`rols p`r` ckfor ki
XKUL, V@II@ _ EORE[JAKRKJEO@U.
R.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2..- ¼Euàiks slj ils sonjls votìks eljtrli`fls ` kstk R.J. plr ki VKJU< Jõcbrìls kj lrfkj.
R=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.- Jlcbr` 5 c`tkroìks jkeks`rols p`r` rkìoz`r ki b`ðl fki rkeoïj jèofl elj `nu` elrrokjtk.
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
26;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
e.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6.- Kj e`sl fk rkìoz`r uj `skl c`tojì fk i` poki fki rkeoïj jèofl, ckjeolj` kj quï forkeeoõj y lrfkj sk fkbk
rkìoz`r i` iocpokz` fk ïstk
R.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
;.- Jlcbr` 6 prkjf`s jkeks`ro`s p`r` i` vkstofur` fki rkeoïj jèofl
`.
b.
e.
f.
1.- Kj rkièoõj ì plsoeolj`cokjtl fki RKEOÏJ J@EOFL kj i` euj` fk tr`si`fl kxpioe` ki plr quï fk kst`s
ojfoeèoljks=
@. XLUOEOÕJ FKEÝBOVL I@VKR@I _ ALÎKR KJ 58¸=
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
B. X@Ð@I B@CBOJL B@ML I@ E@BK]@ FKI JOÐL=
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
E. [UL FK [J ELMÃJ VRO@JN[I@R L U@B@JOII@ FLBI@F@ ELILE@F@ KJ I@ KUX@IF@ FKI
RKEOÏJ J@EOFL=
261

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Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
@EVOQOF@F 2.
Jèk kj uj dlspotì fk ìt` elcpikmof`f rkeoïj jèofl XRKVÏRCOJL fk 50 skc`j`s, pksl= 0.588 nrs.
Ojckfo`t`ckjtk ks tr`si`f`fl ì Ukrvoeol fk Jklj`tlilnã` k ojstì`fl kj ojeub`flr` p`r` su c`jkml.
Kj rkièoõj ì e`sl rkspljfk=
0.- ¼Euài ks ki pksl iãcotk p`r` elile`r ` uj rkeoïj jèofl kj ojeub`flr`<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- ¼E`f` euàjt`s dlr`s sk fkbk eljtrli`r ì rkeoïj

rk eoïj jèofl quk kstà kj ojeub`flr`<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.- Jlcbr` 2 prlekfocokjtls quk sk pukfkj rkìoz`r fkjtrl fk i` ojeub`flr`

`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
b.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
26>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
0.- C@VKRO@IKU JKEKU@ROLU=
R=
Euj` r`fo`jtk

Nu`jtks kstïroiks

Xks` pkfoàtroe`

@jtrlpõcktrl

Duojed` fk ckfor.

2.-
 ARKE[KJEO@ RKUXOR@VLRO@
 ARKE[KJEO@ E@RFÃ@E@
 VKCXKR@V[R@ @TOI@R
 U@V[R@EOÕJ FK LTÃNKJL (so sk fospljk fk rkeursl)
5.-
C@VKRO@IKU JKEKU@ROLU= (b`ðl)
Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl

M`bõj fk nioekroj` l sd`cpll jkutrl


Xkojkt` aoj`

U`b`joii` iocpo`

6.-
FORKEEOÕJ @UKL C@VOJ@I
E`r`, eukiil y p`bkiiljks ùroeui`rks

Kxtrkcof`fks supkrolrks y trljel


Kxtrkcof`fks ojakrolrks y zlj` ojnuojì, nkjotì y niýtk`


;.-
`. Blfy l poiuedl fk ìnlfõj
b. Bìikroj` fk ìnlfõj
e. Eìektojks
264

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
f. Nlrrotl fk ìnlfõj.
26?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
1.-
@. XLUOEOÕJ FKEÝBOVL I@VKR@I _ ALÎKR KJ 58¸= Fk kst` alrc` kvot`rkcls i` `sporèoõj fk ìockjtl
plr võcotls y ckmlr`rkcls ki vèo`cokjtl nàstroel kvot`jfl ki rkiuml n`strlkslaànoel.
B. X@Ð@I B@CBOJL B@ML I@ E@BK]@ FKI JOÐL= Xlr i` kvkjtuìof`f

kvkjtuìof`f fk rknurnotèoõj l võcotls.
E. [UL FK [J ELMÃJ VRO@JN[I@R L U@B@JOII@ FLBI@F@ ELILE@F@ KJ I@ KUX@IF@ FKI

RKEOÏJ J@EOFL= X`r` c`jtkjkr aom` i` plsoeoõj fkeýbotl i`tkrì.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
0.-
XKUL IÃCOVK= 0488 nrs.
2.-
UK FKBK ELJVRLI@R E@F@ 5 DLR@U
5.-
@. ELJVRLI FK UONJLU QOV@IKU
B. C[F@ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL
2;8


iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@

JVLURJ08002806.pfa
2;0
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Rkìoz`j, kj ki c`rel fki rli fki VKJU, tïejoe`s fk kjakrckrã` lrokjt`f`s ì rkeoïj jèofl p`tliõnoel,
fk èukrfl ` jlrc`s tïejoe`s y kspkeoaoeèoljks fki prlaksoljì, kj uj kjalquk duc`jost` fk i` sìuf.
05.0.- Vïejoe`s fk ìockjtèoõj `rtoaoeoì sknýj jlrc` tïejoe`
@IOCKJV@EOÕJ @RVOAOEO@I FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL XLR ED[XKVK.
LBMKVOQL=

@iockjt`r ì rkeoïj jèofl plr vã` `rtoaoeoì eu`jfl i` sueeoõj ì pkedl ks foaoeuitls` k ojsuaoeokjtk l kstà
suspkjfof` plr dlspotìozèoõj
 @ tr`vïs fk i` sueeoõj plr edupktk sk pukfkj `fcojostr`r plr vã` lrì= ikedk c`tkrj`, aõrcui` `rtoaoeoì y
sukrl niuels`fl, sknýj i`s jkeksof`fks fki rkeoïj jèofl.
VÏEJOE@ FK @IOCKJV@EOÕJ XLR ED[XKVK

 Qkroaoe`r f`tls fki rkeoïj jèofl
 Qkroaoe`r ojfoeèoõj fk ìockjtèoõj plr edupktk, topl fk ìockjtl y e`jtof`f kj
ekjtãcktrls eýboels
 Elcprlb`r quk i` c`c`fkr` elj ìockjtèoõj kstï ` tkcpkr`tur` `fkeu`f` y kj i`
e`jtof`f ojfoe`f` (sk pukfk `pioe`r uj` nlt` fk aõrcui` ì flrsl fk i` c`jl p`r`
elrrlblr`r tkcpkr`tur`)

Vlc`r ì rkeoïj jèofl elileàjflil kj plsoeoõj alwikr
 Ulstkjkr ì rkeoïj jèofl fksfk i` p`rtk plstkrolr fki eukiil y eubror i` b`rboii` elj
uj p`ðì `bslrbkjtk.
 Ojtrlfueor edupktk kj i` ble` fki rkeoïj jèofl elileàjflil slbrk i` ikjnu` fki rkeoïj AON. 25>(@iockjtèoõj fki
jèofl rkeoïj jèofl plr edupktk)
 @ ckfof` quk ki jklj`tl sueeolj` sk fkbk nor`r ki edupktk p`r` kvot`r ki eli`psl fk ïstk
 @fkcàs, ks ocplrt`jtk quk ki edupktk jl tkjn` kspèols fk òrk cokjtr`s sueeolj` ki rkeoïj jèofl
 I` ìockjtèoõj fkbk skr arèeolj`f`, ks fkeor fksai`t`r ì rkeoïj jèofl plr il ckjls kj 2 le`soljks.
Kj i` tïejoe` fk fksai`tk sk pi`jtk`j fls ìtkrj`tov`s=

0. Ki rkeoïj jèofl kj plsoeoõj alwikr, i` c`jl slbrk i` p`rtk `jtkrolr fki
eukiil elj sàb`j` kj i` b`rboii`, sk f`j nlipktkls aorcks kj i` kspìf` fki
bkbï, sonuokjfl i` forkeeoõj fksfk i` zlj` iucb`r dèo` ki eukiil, plr il
ckjls fur`jtk ; ` 08 cojutls.
AON.254 (Fksai`tk kj plsoeoõj
alwikr)
2;2

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2. @i elile`r ì rkeoïj jèofl kj plsoeoõj fkeýbotl vkjtrì slbrk ki

trljel fki lpkr`flr y elj i` e`r` cor`jfl dèo` ïstk, sk rkìoz`j
nlipktkls aorcks y rknui`rks kj i` kspìf` fksfk i` zlj` iucb`r
dèo` ki eukiil.
AON.25? (Fksai`tk kj plsoeoõj fk

eýbotl vkjtrì)
05.2.- Vïejoe`s fk ìockjtèoõj plr sljf` j`slnàstroe`.

@IOCKJV@EOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL XLR ULJF@ J@ULNÀUVROE@ _/L LRLNÀUVROE@.
LBMKVOQL= @iockjt`r ì rkeoïj jèofl eu`jfl kstk

jl pukfk ìockjt`rsk plr ble` fkbofl ` aìi` fk i`
fkniueoõj y sueeoõj l eu`jfl i`s eljfoeoljks
p`tliõnoe`s y prkc`turkz fki rkeoïj jèofl il ocpofkj.
AON.268 (@iockjtèoõj plr sljf` j`slnàstroe`)
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Qkroaoe`r f`tls fki rkeoïj k ojfoeèoõj fk ìockjtèoõj.
 Vr`splrt`r ` i` ujof`f i` aõrcui` l ikedk c`tkrj` prkvo`ckjtk eìkjt`f`.
 Elj mkrojn` fk 5 ee rkìoz`r `sporèoõj fk i` sljf`, kj e`sl fk sìor eljtkjofl ìockjtoeol kiocoj`ril y
rknostr`r i` e`jtof`f kxtr`ãf` kj il knrksls fki rkeoïj jèofl.
 Eljket`r mkrojn` fk 08 l 28 ee kj i` `bkrtur` fostì fk i` sljf`.
 Qèo`r ki eljtkjofl fk i` aõrcui` l ikedk c`tkrj` kj i` mkrojn` y elj ki ïcblil fk kst` prksolj`r
ionkr`ckjtk p`r` quk ki ìockjtl elcokjek ` b`m`r.
 C`jtkjkr sokcprk i` mkrojn` kj ìtl prleur`jfl quk ki ìockjtl b`mk ` e`ãf` iobrk.
 Cokjtr`s sk rkìoz` i` ìockjtèoõj lbskrv`r ì rkeoïj jèofl c`jtkjoïjflil fk i`fl y kxpket`jtk arkjtk `
sonjls fk eo`jlsos y rknurnotèoõj l võcotls.
2;5

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Aojìoz`f` i` ìockjtèoõj sk i`v` i` sljf` elj mkrojn` fk ;ee quk eljtokjk `nu` bofkstoi`f`, p`s`jfl
`prlxoc`f`ckjtk 0 ee fk sliueoõj.
 Uk fkm` ì rkeoïj jèofl eõclfl.
 Uk fksked` mkrojn` fk ìockjtèoõj
 I`v`fl fk c`jls.
ELJUOFKR@EOLJKU=
 Ki e`cbol fk i` sljf` sk fkbk rkìoz`r
r kìoz`r e`f` >2 dlr`s l eu`jfl i`s jlrc`s fk e`f` skrvoeol il kstockj.

Uk fkbk rltui`r i` sljf` fk ìockjtèoõj elile`jfl i` aked` fk ojstìèoõj.

05.5.- Vïejoe`s fk Aikbleiosos k ojclvoiozèoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl
VÏEJOE@ FK OJUV@I@EOÕJ FK AIKBLEIOUOU=
LBMKVOQL= Xkrck`boioz`r uj` vã` vkjls` p`r` i` `fcojostrèoõj fk ckfoe`ckjtls k ojausoljks.
ELJUOFKR@EOLJKU=
I` ojstìèoõj fk aikbleiosos kj ki rkeoïj jèofl ks uj prlekfocokjtl kxeiusovl fk i` prlaksoljì c`trlj` y/l
kjakrckr` kj ki euì ki VKJU eli`blr` forket`ckjtk kj i` prkp`rèoõj fk c`tkroì k ojclvoiozèoõj fk i`
kxtrkcof`f pujeolj`f`.
@UOUVKJEO@ FKI VKJU KJ I@ AKBILEIOUOU FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL=

XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Qkroaoe`r mujtl ì prlaksoljì ils f`tls fki rkeoïj jèofl
 Xrkp`r`r b`jfkm` elj=
l Bràjui` j½ 26
l Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj pkqukð`s ske`s
l Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj pkqukð`s kcbkbof`s elj ìeldli >8½
l Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj pkqukð`s kcbkbof`s elj tojtur` fk bkjmuã
b kjmuã (pkn`ckjtl)
l Ion`fur`
l @i`rn`flr vkjlsl pkfoàtroel= ` kstk sk eljket` mkrojn` fk 0 ee prkvo`ckjtk e`rn`f` elj sukrl
aosoliõnoel p`r` i`v`r ki ì`rn`flr.
l Vki` `fdksov`
l Ojclvoioz`flr
l E`m` pkqukð` p`r` c`tkroì elrtlpujz`jtk
l Blis` piàstoe` p`r` fkskedls.
2;6

iLCl@RXF; > >
Qoekrrketlrã`
@pujtks
 Xrkvol i`v`fl fk c`jls i` prlaksoljì fk turjl kx`coj` ì

R.J. kj buse` fk uj v`sl s`jnuãjkl.
 [j` vkz ofkjtoaoe`fl rkìoz` ion`fur` fk i` kxtrkcof`f p`r`
ckmlr vosuìozèoõj.
 Elj tõrui` fk ìnlfõj elj ìeldli `skptoz` i` zlj` `
pujeolj`r y iuknl pujeolj` elj bràjui` j½ 26.
 Ki tkjs fkbk eli`blr`r kj i` ojclvoiozèoõj fki jklj`tl
fur`jtk i` pujeoõj y larkekr i` bràjui` ` i` prlaksoljì.
AON.260 (Ojstìèoõj vã` vkjls` kj
rkeoïj jèofl)
 [j` vkz pujeolj`fl ki rkeoïj jèofl, ki prlaksoljì pofk ki ì`rn`flr elj sukrl aosoliõnoel p`r` prlb`r
pkrck`boiof`f fk i` vã` vkjls`, so ks kaketov` sk rkìoz` i` aomèoõj fk i` bràjui` sknýj i` tïejoe` quk ki
prlaksoljì ojfoquk, p`r` kiil sk utoioz` c`tkroì `fdksovl.
 Lpeoljìckjtk y fkpkjfokjfl fk i` zlj` fk pujeoõj sk utoioz` ojclvoioz`flr ki euì sk eljakeeolj` elj uj
trlzl fk p`ðì fksked`bik kjrlii`fl y aom`fl elj tki` `fdksov`.
 Kmkcpil= Uo ks uj` vã`vã` vkjls` fki pioknuk fki elfl sk elile` ki ojclvoioz`flr
ojclvoioz`flr plr fkb`ml fki br`zl
pujeolj`fl y sk aom` elj tki` nruks` p`s`jfl ïst` kj alrc` eruz`f` plr i` kxtrkcof`f.
 Ks ocplrt`jtk rltui`r elj i` aked` k ojoeoìks fki lpkr`flr t`jtl i` vã` vkjls` elcl i` b`m`f` fk sukrl
eljket`fl.
 Eljket`r ì`rn`flr ` b`m`f` fk sukrl
 Fkm`r nltkl pkrc`jkjtk plr blcb` fk ojausoõj eljtoju`
 @elclf`r ì rkeoïj jèofl.
 Fksked`r c`tkroì utoioz`fl kj e`m` fk c`tkroì elrtlpujz`jtk y blis` piàstoe`
 Rktorl fk nu`jtks.
 I`v`fl fk c`jls.
 Rknostrl fk prlekfocokjtl kj dlm` fk `tkjeoõj fk rkeoïj jèofl.
2;;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
ELCXIKV@EOÕJ
Kj uj` sì` fk pukrpkrol sk kjeukjtr` J`tìo` mujtl ` su rkeoïj jèofl fk 0 fã` fk vof`. J`tìo` prkskjt`
foaoeuit`fks kj ki ojoeol fk i` ièt`jeo`, plr tkjkr pkzljks pi`jls y cuy kse`s` prlfueeoõj fk eìlstrl.
e` ilstrl.
Arkjtk ` kstl i` c`trlj` fk turjl ojfoe` ì VKJU eljtrli uj Dkclniueltkst ki euì f` elcl rksuit`fl r`jnls
b`mls fk nioekco` ojfoe`jfl 58 ee fk aõrcui` ` `fcojostr`r plr edupktk.
Fk èukrfl ì e`sl elcpikt` i`s sonuokjtks àorcèoljks=
Vlc`r ì rkeoïj jèofl elileàjflil kj plsoeoõj \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

Ojtrlfueor edupktk kj i` ble` fki rkeoïj jèofl elileàjflil \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\i` ikjnu` fki R.J.
I` ìockjtèoõj fkbk skr \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, ks fkeor fksai`t`r ì R.J. plr il ckjls kj

2 le`soljks.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
FKU@RRLIIL
Kj ki skrvoeol fk jklj`tlilnã` fk uj` eiãjoe` prov`f` sk kjeukjtr` dlspotìoz`fl ki rkeoïj jèofl IÕXK]
QOIIKN@U fk 6 fã`s fk vof`, prkc`turl fk 55 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj pks`jfl 0.1;8 nrs.
Uk kjeukjtr` kj ojeub`flr` elj `cbokjtk tïrcojl jkutrì (@VJ) elj uj` tkcpkr`tur` `cbokjtì fk 55½e y uj`
tkcpkr`tur` fk poki fk 51,;½e.
Uk ìockjt` plr sljf` j`slnàstroe` elj bukj` tlikr`jeo` y tokjk ojfoe`fl 28 ee fk ikedk c`tkrj` e/5 dlr`s.
@fkcàs, ki VKJU vkroaoe` quk i` vã` vkjls` fki rkeoïj jèofl kstà kxtr`v`s`f`, `vos`jfl ` i` prlaksoljì fk
turjl p`r` su e`cbol.
Fk èukrfl ` i` sotuèoõj rkspljfk=
0.- Uo ki R.J. sk kstà ìockjt`jfl plr sljf` j`slnàstroe`, kjuckr` ils p`sls ` sknuor kj ki prlekfocokjtl fk
kst` ìockjtèoõj.
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2;1

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- Kj e`sl quk i` vã` vkjls` fk kstk bkbï sk fkb` rkojstì`r, ¼quï c`tkroìks fkbk iikv`r i` b`jfkm` p`r` kstk
prlekfocokjtl<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2;>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
Fk èukrfl ì e`sl elcpikt` i`s sonuokjtks àorcèoljks=
Vlc`r ì rkeoïj jèofl elileàjflil kj plsoeoõj \\\\\ALÎKR \

ALÎKR \ \\\\\\\
Ojtrlfueor edupktk kj i` ble` fki rkeoïj jèofl elileàjflil \ ULBRK \\\\\i` ikjnu` fki R.J.
I` ìockjtèoõj fkbk skr \\\AR@EEOLJ@F@ \\\\\\\, ks fkeor fksai`t`r ì R.J. plr il ckjls kj 2 le`soljks.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
0.-
R.
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Qkroaoe`r f`tls fki rkeoïj k ojfoeèoõj fk ìockjtèoõj.
 Vr`splrt`r ` i` ujof`f i` aõrcui` l ikedk c`tkrj`
c`tkrj` prkvo`ckjtk eìkjt`f`
 Elj mkrojn` fk 5 ee rkìoz`r `sporèoõj fk i` sljf`, kj e`sl fk sìor eljtkjofl ìockjtoeol kiocoj`ril y
rknostr`r i` e`jtof`f kxtr`ãf` kj il knrksls fki rkeoïj jèofl.
 Eljket`r mkrojn` fk 08 l 28 ee kj i` `bkrtur` fostì fk i` sljf`.

Qèo`r ki eljtkjofl
ionkr`ckjtk p`r` qukfk i` aõrcui`
ìockjtl l ikedk
elcokjek c`tkrj` kj i` mkrojn` y elj ki ïcblil fk kst` prksolj`r
` b`m`r.
 C`jtkjkr sokcprk i` mkrojn` kj ìtl prleur`jfl quk ki ìockjtl b`mk ` e`ãf` iobrk.
 Cokjtr`s sk rkìoz` i` ìockjtèoõj lbskrv`r ì rkeoïj jèofl c`jtkjoïjflil fk i`fl y kxpket`jtk arkjtk `
sonjls fk eo`jlsos y rknurnotèoõj l võcotls.
 Aojìoz`f` i` ìockjtèoõj sk i`v` i` sljf` elj mkrojn` fk ;ee quk eljtokjk `nu` bofkstoi`f`, p`s`jfl
`prlxoc`f`ckjtk 0 ee fk sliueoõj.
 Uk fkm` ì rkeoïj jèofl eõclfl.
 Uk fksked` mkrojn` fk ìockjtèoõj
 I`v`fl fk c`jls
2;4

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
2.-
R=
 Bràjui` j½ 26
 Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj pkqukð`s ske`s
 Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj pkqukð`s kcbkbof`s elj ìeldli >8½
 Võrui`s fk ìnlfõj pkqukð`s kcbkbof`s elj tojtur` fk bkjmuã (pkn`ckjtl)
 Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl
 Ion`fur`
 @i`rn`flr vkjlsl pkfoàtroel= ` kstk sk eljket` mkrojn` fk 0 ee prkvo`ckjtk e`rn`f` elj sukrl aosoliõnoel
p`r` i`v`r ki ì`rn`flr.
 Vki` `fdksov`
 Ojclvoioz`flr
 E`m` pkqukð` p`r` c`tkroì elrtl pujz`jtk
 Blis` piàstoe` p`r` fkskedls.
2;?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@

JVLURJ08002806.pfa
218

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
Rkìoz`j, kj ki c`rel fki rli fki VKJU, tïejoe`s fk kjakrckrã` foronof`s ` i` prkvkjeoõj fk eàjekr
eïrvoel-utkrojl y fk c`c`s, fk èukrfl ` jlrc`s tïejoe`s, kj uj kjalquk duc`jost` fk i` sìuf.
06.0.- Eli`blrèoõj kj tlc` fk X@X.

XRLEKFOCOKJVL VLC@ FK X@X
FKAOJOEOÕJ=
Ki X@X@JOELI@[ ks uj kx`ckj kspkeãaoel quk pkrcotk i` fkse`cèoõj fk eïiui`s fki eukiil utkrojl, fk kst`
alrc` sk pukfk fktkrcoj`r i` prkskjeo` fk eïiui`s e`jekrls`s, prleksls ojai`c`tlrols y i` prkskjeo` fk DXQ
(QOR[U p`poilc`)
C@VKRO@IKU=
I` tlc` fk kstk kx`ckj ks fk kxeiusov` aujeoõj fk i` prlaksoljì c`trlj`, rkquorokjfl ils sonuokjtks
c`tkroìks=
 KUXÏE[IL KUVÏROI
AON.262 (Kspïeuil)
 N[@JVKU FK XRLEKFOCOKJVL
AON.265 (Nu`jtks fk prlekfocokjtl)
210

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 X@IKV@ FK @_RK
@_RK (L KUXÀV[I@) _ EKXOIIL KJFLEKRQO
KJFLEKRQOE@I
E@I
AON.266 (Xìkt` fk @yrk y ekpoiil kjflekrvoeì)
 XLRV@LBMKVL
AON.26; (Xlrt`lbmktl)
 EOVL UXR@_ AOM@FLR
AON.261 (aom`flr)
 ALRC[I@ROL X@R@ KI KJQÃL FK I@ C[KUVR@

212


iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 A[KJVK FK I[]
AON 26> (Iàcp`r`)

 U@B@JOII@ _/L X@XKI
 LXEOLJ@I= E@RJKV X@X
¼P[Ï X@EOKJVKU FKBKJ VLC@RUK KUVK KT@CKJ<

 Vlf` pèokjtk quk d`y` ojoeo`fl vof` skxuì.
 Xèokjtk kcb`r`z`f` d`st` i`s 02 skc`j`s fk nkstèoõj.
 Kj ki sostkc` pýbioel sk f` prolrof`f ` i`s pèokjtks kjtrk 2; y 16 `ðls.
RKP[OUOVLU X@R@ I@ VLC@ FKI X@X=

 @uskjeo` fk rkni`.
 @bstojkjeo` skxuì plr 64 dlr`s `jtks fki kx`ckj.
 Uoj `pioeèoõj fk erkc`s y õvuils v`nojìks 64 dlr`s `jtks fki kx`ckj
 Uoj fued`s v`nojìks 64 dlr`s `jtks fki kx`ckj.
215
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
XRLEKFOCOKJVL=
 Qkroaoe`r f`tls fk i` pèokjtk.
 Kxpioe`r ` i` pèokjtk ki prlekfocokjtl.
 Elileèoõj fk nu`jtks fk
prlekfocokjtl.
 Uk rkìoz` uj` kspkeuilselpã` p`r`
uboe`r ki eukiil utkrojl.
AON.264 (Vlc` fk kx`ckj eotliõnoel)
 Uk utoioz` i` aukjtk fk iuz p`r` oiucoj`r i`s p`rkfks v`nojìks y eukiil utkrojl
 Elj i` pìkt` fk @yrk sk rkìoz` fkse`cèoõj kj eãreuil fk i` cukstr` kxlekrvoeì (plr aukr` fki eukiils)
elile`jfl i` cukstr` kj ki plrt`lbmktl.
 Iuknl sk utoioz` ki ekpoiil kjflekrvoeì p`r`
fkse`c`r
kjfleïrvoxelj clvocokjtl
(lroaoeol eoreui`r
ekrvoeì), ki eïiui`s
elileàjfli` fki
slbrk
ki coscl plrt`lbmktl.
 Uk rkìoz` i` aomèoõj elj eotl-spr`y fkm`jfl
ske`r y iuknl `fmujtàjfli` ì alrcui`rol
elrrkspljfokjtk quk iikv`rà ils f`tls fk i`
pèokjtk.
 Uk rknostr` ki prlekfocokjtl.
 Kjtrkn` lpeoljì fk e`rjkt X@X.
AON.26? (Eukiil utkrojl)
RLI VKJU KJ I@ VLC@ FK X@X=




C`jtkjkr c`tkroì
C`jtkjkr stleg fk vonkjtk
alrcui`rols p`r` ki kjvãl
y fospljobik p`r` i`fkprlaksoljì
X@X c`trlj`.
 X`rtoeop`r kj i` kfueèoõj fk i` pèokjtk kj rkièoõj ` i` ocplrt`jeo` quk fk kstk prlekfocokjtl p`r` i`
prltkeeoõj fk i` sìuf, lrokjtèoõj kj ki rktorl fki
f ki rksuit`fl fki kx`ckj y eljtrliks plstkrolrks.
06.2.-Vïejoe` fk @KC. (@utlkx`ckj

( @utlkx`ckj c`c`rol)
216

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
VÏEJOE@ FK @[VLKT@CKJ C@C@ROL
FKAOJOEOÕJ
Ki ùtlkx`ckj fk c`c`s ks i` ojspkeeoõj quk uj` cumkr sk rkìoz` kj su dln`r p`r` buse`r e`cbols l
prlbikc`s kj ki tkmofl c`c`rol quk pufokskj elrrkspljfkr ` p`tlilnã`s bkjonj`s fk i` c`c` l eàjekr
c`c`rol.
RKELCKJF@EOLJKU=
Ki ckmlr clckjtl p`r` dèkrsk uj ùtlkx`ckj

ù tlkx`ckj c`c`rol ks càs l ckjls fk 5 ` ; fã`s fkspuïs fki elcokjzl
fki pkrãlfl, eu`jfl y` d` foscojuofl i` eljnkstoõj c`c`ro` prk ckjstruì. Uk rkelcokjf` rkìoz`ril kj alrc`
ckjsuì.
VÏEJOE@=
Elile`rsk kj plsoeoõj ble` `rrob`. Ks càs aàeoi kx`coj`rsk ki tkmofl c`c`rol so kstà èlst`f`.
 Elilquk i` c`jl fkrked` plr fktràs fk i` e`bkz`. Elj ils fkfls fki ckfol fk i` c`jl ozquokrf`
prksoljk su`vk pkrl elj aorckz` dèokjfl clvocokjtls pkqukðls y eoreui`rks p`r` kx`coj`r tlf` i`
c`c` fkrked` y t`cboïj sonuokjfl i` forkeeoõj fk `rrob` dèo` `b`ml.
AON.2;8 (@utlkx`ckj c`c`rol) AON.2;0 AON.2;2 AON.2;5
Iuknl,
c`c`rolkst`jfl skjt`f`
sk kxtokjfk l fkkst`
d`st` pok,àrk`.
pìpk i` `xoi`, y` quk ki tkmofl
AON.2;6 (Xìpèoõj fk i`
`xoi`)
21;

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 Xrksoljk su`vkckjtk ils pkzljks, vkroaoe`jfl so d`y skerkeoõj. Rkpot`

ki prleksl kj i` c`c` ozquokrf`.
AON.2;; (Xrksoõj kj pkzljks)
Iuknl, fk pok kj arkjtk

arkj tk ` uj kspkml elj ils br`zls ` ils i`fls.
 Cork i`s c`c`s forket`ckjtk y kj ki kspkml.
 Busquk e`cbols kj i` tkxtur`, elcl dlyukils, `rrun`s,
`blii`fur`s l poki quk iuze` elcl eàse`r` fk j`r`jm`.
 Onuìckjtk lbskrvk i` alrc` y ki eljtlrjl fk e`f` c`c`.
 Rkvosk p`r` vkr so ki pkzõj kstà dujfofl.
D`n` il coscl elj ils br`zls kikv`fls plr kjeoc` fk i` e`bkz`.
Aon.2;1 (Qost` arljtì fk
i`s c`c`s)
AON.2;> (Ojspkeeoõj vosuì

fk i` c`c`)
06.5.-@spketls duc`jost`s
Ils `spketls duc`jost`s kj ètovof`fks
` eljsofkr`r fk sìuf.
kj i` tlc` fk X@X y ki @KC, sk rkaokrkj `=
 Vr`tl elrfoì ` i` pèokjtk.
 Kxpioe`r ki prlekfocokjtl fk i` tlc` fk X@X, kiocoj`jfl aìsls tkclrks ì prlekfocokjtl.
 Rkspkt`r i` provèof`f fk i` pèokjtk, utoioz`jfl bolcbl y prleur`jfl uj `cbokjtk sknurl y tr`jquoil.
 Kj rkièoõj ì @KC, kxpioe`r p`sl ` p`sl i` tïejoe` fki ùtlkx`ckj y i` pkrolfoeof`f elj quk fkbk dèkril
211

iLCl@RXF; > >
Qoekrrketlrã`
@pujtks
 Rkspkt`r ki puflr k ojtocof`f fk i` pèokjtk, rkìoz`jfl i` kfueèoõj kj uj `cbokjtk tr`jquoil y pr

prov`fl.
ov`fl.
21>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
FKU@RRLIIL
I` pèokjtk Xùi` Kstr`f` fk 5; `ðls èufk ì EKUA@C fk su elcuj` p`r` i` tlc` fk X@X. @ i` iikn`f` ki
VKJU elrrlblr` sus f`tls kj ki e`rjkt fk eljtrli fk X@X y kj i` aoed` fki t`rmktkrl.
Ks `tkjfof` plr i` c`trlj` fki EKUA@C quokj rkìoz` kstk prlekfocokjtl, kjtrkn`jfl ` i` pèokjtk i`s
ojfoeèoljks elrrkspljfokjtks.
Fk èukrfl ` i` sotuèoõj kxpukst`, rkspljfk=
0.- ¼Elj quï rkquosotls fkbokr` eucpior kst` pèokjtk p`r` i` tlc` fk kx`ckj fk X@X<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- ¼Euàiks slj ils c`tkroìks jkeks`rols p`r` i` tlc` fk kstk kx`ckj
k x`ckj ` Xùi` Kstr`f`<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.- Kxpioe` euài ks ki rli quk tokjk ki VKJU kj i` tlc` fk kx`ckj fk X@X ` kst` pèokjtk.
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
214

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
FKU@RRLIIL
I` pèokjtk Bk`troz Xìlcojls fk 58 `ðls èufk ì EKUA@C fk su elcuj` p`r` uj eljtrli nojkeliõnoel. @ su
ojnrksl ki VKJU elrrlblr` sus f`tls y ellrfoj` i` `tkjeoõj fk i` prlaksoljì c`trlj`.
Kj i` kvìuèoõj nojkeliõnoe` i` c`trlj` kjtrkvost` ` i` pèokjtk eljst`t`jfl quk jl tokjk eljleocokjtl jo
lrokjtèoõj slbrk ki @utlkx`ckj c`c`rol (@KC).
Fk èukrfl ` i` sotuèoõj pi`jtk`f` rkspljfk=
0.- ¼Euài ks ki lbmktovl fki @[VLKT@CKJ C@C@ROL<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
2.- Uo tuvoïr`cls quk ojstruor ` kst` pèokjtk kj ki @[VLKT@CK
@[VLKT@CKJ
J C@C@ROL, ¼Puï ojfoeèoljks fk i` tïejoe`
fkboïr`cls kjtrkn`rik<
R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
5.-Kj i` lbskrvèoõj fk sus c`c`s, ¼Puï sonjls fkbk lbskrv`r Bk`troz<

R= \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
6.- ¼Kj quï clckjtl fki eoeil ckjstruì y elj quï arkeukjeo` fkbokr` Bk`troz rkìoz`rsk kstk ùtlkx`ckj<
R=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
21?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
RKUX[KUV@U
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 0
0.-
 @uskjeo` fk rkni`.
 @bstojkjeo` skxuì plr 64 dlr`s `jtks fki kx`ckj.
 Uoj `pioeèoõj fk erkc`s y õvuils v`nojìks 64 dlr`s `jtks fki kx`ckj.
 Uoj fued`s v`nojìks 64 dlr`s `jtks fki kx`ckj.
2.-
 KUXÏE[IL KUVÏROI
 N[@JVKU FK XRLEKFOCOKJVL
 X@IKV@ FK @_RK (L KUXÀV[I@)
KUXÀV[I@) _ EKXOIIL KJFLEKRQOE@
KJFLEKRQOE@II
 XLRV@LBMKVL
 EOVL UXR@_ AOM@FLR
 A[KJVK FK I[]
 U@B@JOII@ _/L X@XKI
 LXEOLJ@I= E@RJKV X@X
5.-
 C`jtkjkr stleg fk alrcui`rols p`r` ki kjvãl fk X@X.

C`jtkjkr c`tkroì vonkjtk y fospljobik p`r` i` prlaksoljì c`trlj`.
 X`rtoeop`r kj i` kfueèoõj fk i` pèokjtk kj rkièoõj ` i` ocplrt`jeo` quk fk kstk prlekfocokjtl p`r` i`
prltkeeoõj fk i` sìuf, lrokjtèoõj kj ki rktorl fki
f ki rksuit`fl fki kx`ckj y eljtrliks plstkrolrks.
@EVOQOF@F J¸ 2
0.-LBMKVOQLU=
Buse`r e`cbols l prlbikc`s kj ki tkmofl c`c`rol quk pufokskj elrrkspljfkr ` p`tlilnã`s bkjonj`s fk i`
c`c` l eàjekr c`c`rol.
2.-
Elile`rsk kj plsoeoõj ble` `rrob`. Ks càs aàeoi kx`coj`rsk ki tkmofl c`c`rol so kstà èlst`f`.
 Elilquk i` c`jl fkrked` plr fktràs fk i` e`bkz`. Elj ils fkfls fki ckfol fk i` c`jl ozquokrf`
prksoljk su`vk pkrl elj aorckz` dèokjfl clvocokjtls pkqukðls y eoreui`rks p`r` kx`coj`r tlf` i`
 c`c` fkrked`
Xrksoljk y t`cboïj
su`vkckjtk sonuokjflvkroaoe`jfl
ils pkzljks, i` forkeeoõjsofkd`y
`rrob` dèo` `b`ml.
skerkeoõj. Rkpot` ki prleksl kj i` c`c` ozquokrf`
2>8

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
5.-
R= Iuknl, fk pok kj arkjtk ` uj kspkml elj ils br`zls ` ils i`fls.

Cork i`s c`c`s forket`ckjtk y kj ki kspkml.
 Busquk e`cbols kj i` tkxtur`, elcl dlyukils, `rrun`s, `blii`fur`s l poki quk iuze` elcl eàse`r` fk
j`r`jm`.
 Onuìckjtk lbskrvk i` alrc` y ki eljtlrjl fk e`f` c`c`.
 Rkvosk p`r` vkr so ki pkzõj kstà dujfofl.
D`n` il coscl elj ils br`zls kikv`fls plr kjeoc` fk i` e`bkz`.
6.-
R= Ki ckmlr clckjtl p`r` dèkrsk uj ùtlkx`ckj c`c`rol ks càs l ckjls fk 5 ` ; fã`s fkspuïs fki
elcokjzl fki pkrãlfl, eu`jfl y` d` foscojuofl i` eljnkstoõj c`c`ro` prk ckjstruì.
Uk rkelcokjf` rkìoz`ril kj alrc` ckjsuì.
2>0

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
BOBIOLNR@AÃ@
N[Ã@ EIÃJOE@ EÀJEKR EKRQOEL[VKROJL, COJU@I, 2808.

dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/plrtì/uri/otkc/>28ba
dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/plrtì/uri/otkc/>28bakak?0k?f2kfk86880800a808aa2.pfa
kak?0k?f2kfk86880800a808aa2.pfa
N[Ã@ EIÃJOE@ EÀJEKR C@C@ROL, COJU@I, 2808.
dttp=//wkb.cojsì.ei/plrtì/uri/otkc/>2205kf;2e6625f0k86880800a8005?4.pfa
2>2

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
@prkjfoz`mk kspkr`fl 0;
Rkìoz`j ètovof`fks kfue`tov`s ` i` c`frk y a`coio` kj ki c`rel fk i` sìuf fk i` cumkr y ki RJ, fk
èukrfl ` jlrc`tov` y pliãtoe`s fk sìuf, kj uj kjalquk duc`jost`.
0;.0.-@spketls fofàetoels ` eljsofkr`r kj i`s ètovof`fks kfue`tov`s kj sìuf ` i` plbièoõj

Kj r kkièoõj
ièoõj ` i` kfueèoõj kj ki c`rel fk i` sìuf fk i` cumkr, ki prlnr`c` ’Edoik erkek eljtonl– larkek uj`
nr`j n`c` fk ìtkrj`tov`s kfue`tov`s, elj uj kjalquk duc`jost` y ekre`jl p`r` ki bukj kjtkjfocokjtl fk ils
pèokjtks.
Kjtrk i`s ìtkrj`tov`s kfue`tov`s

k fue`tov`s kjeljtr`cls=
 Xrlnr`c` skc`jì fk r`fol, ’Erkeokjfl Mujtls–, elj elbkrtur` jèoljì y lrokjt`fl ` i` foausoõj

fk ojalrcèoõj rkikv`jtk kj tkc`s fk nkstèoõj, p`rkjtìof`f, euof`fl, kstocuièoõj y ero`jz`.
 Erkek Eljtonl VQ, prlnr`cèoõj fk eljtojuof`f elj eljtkjofls slbrk fks`rrliil oja`jtoi, quk sk
kcotk kj sì`s fk kspkr` fk ekjtrls fk sìuf.
 Aljl Oja`jeo` 488 288 404, `tkjeoõj tkikaõjoe` ` p`frks, c`frks y `fuitls
`fui tls sonjoaoe`tovls fk ils joðls
y joð`s kj prockr`
p rockr` oja`jeo`, nr`tuotl y elj elbkrtur` jèoljì, quk i` Aujfèoõj OJVKNR@ d` pukstl
` fosplsoeoõj fk ’Edoik Erkek Eljtonl– p`r` `tkjfkr eljsuit`s y kjtrkn`r lrokjtèoõj. Kstk tkiïaljl
ks `tkjfofl plr kspkeoìost`s.
 Uotol wkb= dttp=//www.erkekeljtonl.nlb.ei quk larkek skrvoeols fk ojalrcèoõj, eljsuit` `
kspkeoìost`s, c`tkroì kfue`tovl y fofàetoel p`r` joðls y joð`s, kjtrk ils projeopìks.
 Rkfks sleoìks= ojtkrèeoõj forket` elj i` eouf`f`jã` ` tr`vïs fk fk Aèkbllg y Vwottkr , foausoõj fk
eljtkjofls fk oja`jeo` tkcpr`j`, euof`fl y kstocuièoõj, kjeukst`s kj tkcàtoe`s kspkeãaoe`s, kjtrk
i`s projeopìks.
 fk e`rtoii`s kfue`tov`s fk fostrobueoõj jèoljì elj eljtkjofls kskjeoìks p`r` `ply`r
Elikeeoõj fk
i`s elcpktkjeo`s p`rkjtìks y i`s jkeksof`fks fk fks`rrliil fk joðls y joð`s.
 fk cýsoe` elcl `plyl ì fks`rrliil oja`jtoi tkcpr`jl (cýsoe` prkj`tì, kstocuièoõj fki
Elikeeoõj fk
ikjnu`mk, muknls cusoeìks y eukjtls cusoeìks).
0;.2.- Euof`fls aujf`ckjtìks fki RJ
Fur`jtk i` dlspotìozèoõj y ì clckjtl fki ìt`, fkbkcls lrokjt`r ` i` c`frk slbrk euof`fls aujf`ckjtìks
kj ki rkeoïj jèofl=
@IOCKJV@EOÕJ=
 Kst` fkbk skr e`f` 5 dlr`s, p`r` kvot`r doplnioekco`s y fksdofr`tèoõj kj ki rkeoïj jèofl.
 Uo i` ìockjtèoõj ks plr ikedk c`tkrj`, sk rkelcokjf` quk sk` ’iobrk fkc`jf`–, fk èukrfl ` ils
rkqukrocokjtls fki rkeoïj jèofl. Fk èukrfl ` i` prlfueeoõj sk oràj `must`jfl ils dlr`rols, pkrl
juje` fkm`r p`s`r càs fk 6 dlr`s soj ìockjt`r.
 Uo i` ìockjtèoõj ks plr aõrcui` iàetk`, ks ocplrt`jtk eucpior elj ki vliuckj ojfoe`fl plr ki
jklj`tõilnl l c`trlj`.
2>5

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
DONOKJK _ @UKL
 X`r` ki rkeoïj jèofl ks aujf`ckjtì uj `skl nkjkrì fo`rol, ïstk fkbk skr kj uj` d`botèoõj fljfk jl
kxost`j elrrokjtks fk òrk y kj ki ckjlr tokcpl plsobik.
 Ki elrfõj sk e`k jlrcìckjtk kjtrk ki 1tl y 08cl fã` kj i` c`ylrã` fk ils rkeoïj jèofls. Fkbk iocpo`r ki
elrfõj elj ìeldli purl >8¸ kj e`f` cuf` y prliljn`r ki `skl 5 ` 6 fã`s fkspuïs fk su e`ãf`.

Ki `skl
`nu` fki joðl pukfk skr kj alrc` p`reoì, elj ìnlfõj y `nu` tobo`, fk i` e`bkz` ` ils poks, l b`ðl elj
elrrokjtk.
 Ki b`ðl fk toj` sk rkelcokjf` ojoeo`ril 5 õ 6 fã`s fkspuïs fk e`ãfl ki elrfõj y eu`jfl ki lcbionl kstï
skel.
 I` poki fk su doml slil jkeksot` `nu`, jl `nrknuk jojnýj prlfuetl (èkotk kcuisolj`fl, tìel, eliljo`s,
kte.)
 Ki i`v`fl fk i` rlp` fki rkeoïj jèofl fkbk skr `p`rtk fk i` rlp` a`coio`r, elj m`bõj kj b`rr` l m`bõj iãquofl.
Fkbkj kaketu`rsk cuedls kjmu`nuks p`r` kiocoj`r ki rkstl fk m`bõj fk f k i` tki`.
ELJUOFKR@EOLJKU KUXKEO@IKU
 I` plsoeoõj ofkì p`r` èlst`r ì rkeoïj jèofl ks fk i`fl, elj i` e`bkekr` fk i` euj` ikv`jt`f` ujls 08
ecs.
 Xrkvol ì ìt` l plstkrolr ` i`s 68 dlr`s fk vof`, sk tlc` uj kx`ckj p`r` ki fo`njõstoel prkelz fk ìnuj`s
kjakrckf`fks ckt`bõioe`s (XG[, VUD, CU[F).

 I` vèuj` quk sk `fcojostr` kj ki pkrãlfl fk rkeoïj jèofl ks i` BEN y ètý` eljtr` i` tubkreuilsos.
 I`s uð`s fki rkeoïj jèofl fkbkj skr rkelrt`f`s fkspuïs fk i` sknujf` skc`j` fk vof`, p`r` kvot`r quk
su doml sk i`stock, eýbrì`s elj ìnýj cotõj l eubrkc`jl fki blfy.
0;.5.- Alckjtl fki `pknl
VÏEJOE@U @XIOE@F@U @I @XKNL C@VKRJL=
FKAOJOEOÕJ= ks ki eljtètl aãsoel kjtrk ki rkeoïj jèofl y i` c`frk ojckfo`t`ckjtk fkspuïs fki jèocokjtl.
Vïejoe`=
 Ks plsobik iikv`r ` e`bl kstk eljtètl kj alrc` aàeoi y kaoeokjtk slbrk tlfl eu`jfl i` c`frk d` tkjofl uj
p`rtl v`nojì.

@i kxtr`kr ì rkeoïj jèofl fk i` c`frk, sk fkbk prleur`r quk `cbls tlckj uj eljtètl
eljtètl ojckfo`tl.
 Xlr kiil sk fkbk fkseubror ki tlrsl fk i` c`frk elile`jfl ì coscl tokcpl ki pkedl ì rkeoïj jèofl p`r`
su a`coio`rozèoõj elj i` ièt`jeo` y ki i`zl àketovl.
 I` poki fk `cbls fkbk kst`r kj kstrkedl eljtètl.
 Kstk prleksl fkbk fur`r cãjocl 0; ` 28 cojutls.
 Iuknl ki rkeoïj jèofl skrà iikv`fl ` [jof`f fk jklj`tlilnã` p`r` su `jtrlplcktrã` y prlaoi`xos.
2>6


iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
0;.6.- Vïejoe` fk ièt`jeo` c`tkrj`
VÏEJOE@U FK I@EV@JEO@ C@VKRJ@
OJOEOL= Ks ocplrt`jtk èi`r`r ` i` c`frk quk ki prockr ìockjtl prlplreolj`fl ì rkeoïj jèofl ks ki eìlstrl,
uj` sust`jeo` tr`jsp`rkjtk fk ckjls eljtkjofl nr`sl pkrl nr`jfks prlpokf`fks jutrotov`s.
ju trotov`s.
Kj ki 5rl l 6tl fã` fk vof` fki rkeoïj jèofl, so ki kstãcuil fk i` sueeoõj d` sofl kaoeokjtk fkbk prlfueorsk i`
b`m`f` fk i` ikedk c`tkrj`, e`cbo`jfl su eljsostkjeo` ` càs nruks` y ùckjt`jfl ki vliuckj fk prlfueeoõj.
VÏEJOE@ FK U[EEOÕJ FKI XK]ÕJ=

 @i ojoeo`r i` ièt`jeo` ki rkeoïj jèofl elcokjz` ` sueeolj`r plr rkaikml.
 Fkbkcls plsoeolj`r ` i` c`frk puïrpkr` fk eýbotl i`tkrì, elj br`zl kstor`fl y e`bkz` elj ìcld`f`.
 Kjtrk ki kspèol fki br`zl y trljel fkbk qukf`r ki rkeoïj jèofl arkjtk ì pkzõj c`tkrjl.
 Uk rkìoz` iocpokz` fki pkzõj fk i` pèokjtk
p èokjtk elj tõrui`s dýckf`s.
 I` c`frk elj `yuf` fk i` VKJU fk jklj`tlilnã` tlc` i` c`c` elj i` c`jl kj alrc` fk ’E– (ils eu`trl
fkfls plr `b`ml y ki puin`r plr `rrob`), larkeokjfl ki pkzõj ` i` ble` fki rkeoïj jèofl, quokj plr rkaikml
elcokjz` ` sueeolj`r.
AON.2;4 AON.2;? AON.218

(Vïejoe` fk sueeoõj fki pkzõj)
 Ki pkzõj y tlf` i` `rkli` fkbkj qukf`r fkjtrl fk i` ble` fki bkbï p`r` i` kstocuièoõj elrrket` fk ils
eljfuetls nìètõalrls y ` su vkz kvot`r i` alrcèoõj fk nrokt`s.
2>;
iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
AON.210 y AON.212
([boeèoõj fki pkzõj kj i` ble` fki ièt`jtk)

 Uo ki rkeoïj jèofl fktokjk i` sueeoõj sk ojfoe` ` i` c`frk kstocui`r i` elcosur` i`boì fki bkbï elj ils
fkfls p`r` quk vukiv` ` ètov`rsk ki rkaikml fk i` sueeoõj.

 Uo i` c`frk jkeksot` rktor`r ì joðl fki pkedl fkbk ojtrlfueor ki fkfl ckðoquk kj i` elcosur` i`boì d`st`
i`s kjeã`s rktor`jfl ki pkedl.

 Ki tokcpl rkelckjf`fl fk sueeoõj plr e`f` c`c` ks fk 0; cojutls l d`st` quk i` cosc` kstï
kvofkjtkckjtk vèo`f`.

 Ks cuy ocplrt`jtk quk kj i` prõxoc` c`c`f` sk elcokjek plr i` ýitoc` c`c` quk sueeoljõ ki bkbï y`
quk ïst` ks i` ckjls vèo`f` fk i`s fls.

 Ki tokcpl cãjocl quk fkbk tr`jseurror kjtrk uj` y ltr` ìockjtèoõj ks fk 6 dlr`s.

 [j` vkz tkrcoj`f` i` ìockjtèoõj sk fkbk elile`r ì rkeoïj
r keoïj jèofl kj plsoeoõj skjt`fl slstkjoïjflil fki
eukiil plr i` p`rtk `jtkrolr y rkìoz`r ki fksai`tk, p`r` kiil fkbkcls f`r pkqukðls nlipks bokj fkaojofls kj
i` kspìf` fksfk zlj` iucb`r dèo` eukiil fki bkbï prleur`jfl i` sìof` fk n`sks plr vã` ìt`.
AON.215 (Fksai`tk fki Rkeoïj Jèofl)

2>1

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
 [j` vkz tkrcoj`fl ki fksai`tk sk fkbk elile`r ì rkeoïj jèofl kj plsoeoõj fk eýbotl i`tkrì elj i` euj`
ikv`jt`f` kj alwikr fk 58¸ p`r` kvot`r ki rkaiuml, i` `sporèoõj y ckmlr`r ki vèo`cokjtl nàstroel.
2>>

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
XLUOEOLJKU KRNLJÕCOE@U X@R@ KI @C@C@JV@COKJVL=
I` plsoeoõj quk `flpt` i` pèokjtk p`r` `c`c`jt`r ks aujf`ckjtì p`r` kvot`r iksoljks lstklcuseui`rks `
auturl.
X@EOKJVK DLUXOV@IO]@F@=
Uk rkelcokjf` elile`r ` i` pèokjtk kj plsoeoõj fk
eýbotl i`tkrì elj ki br`zl kstor`fl y e`bkz` kj
ìcld`f`, fk kst` alrc` ki rkeoïj jèofl qukf`
uboe`fl kjtrk br`zl y trljel, arkjtk ì pkzõj y i`
pèokjtk elj plstur` aosoliõnoe` fk i` eliucj`. AON.216 (Xlsoeoõj fkeýbotl i`tkrì)
Uk pukfk elile`r uj` ìcld`f` slbrk i` kspìf` fk i` pèokjtk p`r` rkalrz`r i` plsoeoõj .
Ltr` ìtkrj`tov` ks elile`r ` i` pèokjtk kj
plsoeoõj skcoskjt`f` l skjt`f`.
I` c`frk elile` i` e`bkz` fki rkeoïj
jèofl slbrk ki pioknuk fki elfl fk i`
kxtrkcof`f supkrolr, uj br`zl fki bkbï kj
ki trljel y ki ltrl slbrk ki pkedl fk i`
pèokjtk.
@i tkjkr i`s pokrj`s aiket`f`s pkrcotk uj
ckmlr `plyl
ksaukrzl fk i`sfki rkeoïj jèofl,
kxtrkcof`fks y ckjls
supkrolrks fk
i` pèokjtk.
AON.21; (Xlsoeoõj skjt`f`) AON.211 (Xlsoeoõj skcoskjt`f`)

V`cboïj sk sunokrk utoioz`r uj elmãj slbrk i`s pokrj`s fk i` pèokjtk p`r` slstkjkr ckmlr ì rkeoïj jèofl.
RKELCKJF@EOLJKU=
 Kvot`r ki `plyl fki elfl kj i` e`c` ì clckjtl fk `c`c`jt`r.
 Kvot`r `c`c`jt`r skjt`f` ` lroii` fk i` e`c` soj `plyl kj
k j i` kspìf`.
Q@RO@EOLJKU FK I@ XLUOEOÕJ FKI RKEOÏJ J@EOFL @I @C@C@JV@R=

@i v`ro`r i` plsoeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl ì `c`c`jt`r sk clfoaoe` i` clrfof` fki i`bol supkrolr slbrk ki pkzõj
foscojuykjfl i` `p`roeoõj fk nrokt`s.
2>4

iLCl@RXF; > >
Qoekrrketlrã`
@pujtks
XLUOEOLJ FKI ’E@B@IIOVL–. Ki joðl skjt`fl slbrk i` pokrj` fk i` c`frk coràjfli` fk arkjtk, i` c`jl fki
coscl i`fl ik àorc` i` kspìf`, ils fkfls slstokjkj i` e`bkz` plr ils i`fls.
AON.21> (Xlsoeoõj fki e`bìiotl)
XLUOEOÕJ FK ’AÝVBLI @CKROE@JL–= Ki joðl slbrk uj elmãj kj i`s

pokrj`s fk i` pèokjtk, ki eukrpl fki bkbï, sk fkspi`z` dèo` uj i`fl fk
kii`.
AON.214 (Xlsoeoõj fk aýtbli
`ckroe`jl)
XLUOEOÕJ @I @C@C@JV@R KJ FLCOEOIOL

I` c`frk pukfk eljskrv`r i` plsoeoõj èlst`f` p`r` `c`c`jt`r kj
e`s` pkrl t`cboïj pukfk lpt`r plr i` plsoeoõj skjt`f` buse`jfl
ofkìckjtk
p`r` kikv`r uj soiiõj elj rkspìfl y rkpls`br`zls, uj kse`bki l posl
pokrj`s.
Aon.21? (Xlsoeoõj ì `c`c`jt`r kj

flcoeoiol)
2>?

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
C@JKML FKI XK]ÕJ=

 Fur`jtk ki kcb`r`zl ks cuy ocplrt`jtk kfue`r ` i` c`frk kj i` alrcèoõj fki pkzõj.
 X`r` kiil sk rkelcokjf`j kmkreoeols fk rltèoõj y kstor`cokjtl fki pkzõj kj alrc` fo`ro` sokcprk y eu`jfl
jl d`y`j eljtrèeoljks utkroj`s.
 I` `pioeèoõj fk iuz fo`ro` ` 0; ekjtãcktrls fk i` c`c` pkrcotk lseurkekr i` poki fki pkzõj y dèkri` càs
rksostkjtk.
 I` `pioeèoõj fk erkc`s iubroe`jtks kj alrc` fo`ro` `yuf` ` dofr`t`r y ki`stoz`r i` poki fki pkzõj.
XLUV J@EOCOKJVL=
 [j` vkz quk ki rkeoïj jèofl elcokjz` ` sueeolj`r kj alrc` rknui`r i` clrfof` supkrolr nkjkrìckjtk
krlsolj` i` poki fki pkzõj plr il euì sk fkbk clfoaoe`r i` plsoeoõj fki bkbï ì sueeolj`r p`r` kvot`r i`
alrcèoõj fk nrokt`s.
 Kj e`sl fk prlfueorsk ks ocplrt`jtk ojsostor ` i` c`frk quk jl suspkjf` i` sueeoõj, y` quk i` prlpo`
sueeoõj pkrcotk ` i` poki vlivkrsk rksostkjtk.
 Uk sunokrk i` `pioeèoõj fk erkc`s eoe`troz`jtks kjtrk e`f` c`c`f` y i` iocpokz` fk ils pkzljks elj `nu`
fk dlm`s fk c`toel.
 V`cboïj i` `pioeèoõj ojtkrcotkjtk fk iuz p`r` ki kjnrls`cokjtl y ùckjtl fk rksostkjeo` fk i` poki.
KTVR@EEOÕJ FK IKEDK C@VKRJ@=

 Kj ìnuj`s sotuèoljks fkspuïs fk `c`c`jt`r ì rkeoïj jèofl qukf`j kxekfkjtks fk ikedk kj i`s c`c`s
fk i` pèokjtk.
 Uk rkelcokjf` rkìoz`r kxtrèeoõj c`juì fk i` ikedk c`tkrj` sonuokjfl i` sonuokjtk tïejoe`.
 Kstl kvot`rà i` èucuièoõj kxeksov` fk ikedk c`tkrj` kj ils eljfuetls y prleksls eljnkstovls k
ojakeeolsls ` auturl.
C@U@MK U[@QK
0. C`s`mk`r ils eljfuetls prlfuetlrks fk ikedk prksolj`jfl i` c`c` aorckckjtk
elj i`s ykc`s fk ils fkfls eljtr` i` p`rkf fk ïst`, kcpkz`jfl plr `rrob`.
2. Clvkr ils fkfls eoreui`rckjtk, eljekjtràjflsk kj uj` zlj` plr vkz plr ujls
eu`jtls sknujfls, `jtks fk clvkrsk ` ltr` zlj`.
5. @e`roeo`r ki àrk` fki skjl fksfk `rrob` dèo` ki pkzõj, us`jfl uj eljtètl
ionkrl fk elsquoiikl. Eljtoju`r elj kstk clvocokjtl y` quk kstocui`rà ì rkaikml
fk kxpuisoõj fk ikedk.
6. Ojeioj`r ki eukrpl dèo` `fki`jtk p`r` quk i` nr`vkf`f `yufk ` i` kxpuisoõj fk
i` ikedk. AON.2>8 (C`s`mks kj
i` c`c`)
VÏEJOE@ FK KTVR@EEOÕJ C@J[@I FK IKEDK C@VKRJ@
0. Elile`r ki puin`r (kjeoc` fki pkzõj) y ils fls prockrls fkfls (fkb`ml fki pkzõj) ` `prlxoc`f`ckjtk 5
` 6 ec fki pkzõj, ùjquk jl jkeks`ro`ckjtk kj ils blrfks kxtkrolrks fk i` `rïli`.
2. @sknur`rsk fk quk i` c`jl alrck i` iktr` "E" y i`s ykc`s fk ils fkfls kstïj ` i`s 1 y ` i`s 02 kj pujtl,
kj iãjk` elj ki pkzõj.
248

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
5. Kvot`r tlc`r c`c` elj tlfl ki dukel fk i` c`jl.
AON.2>0 (Xlsoeoõj elrrket` k ojelrrket` p`r` tlc`r ki pkzõj)
6. Kcpum`r forket`ckjtk eljtr` i` p`rkf fk i` c`c`.

AON.2>2 (Kxtrèeoõj c`juì fk ikedk c`tkrj`)
;. Kvot`r skp`r`r ils fkfls.

1. @prkt`r dèo` `fki`jtk elj ki puin`r y ils fkcàs fkfls ì coscl tokcpl. Kstk clvocokjtl fk `prkt`r
elcprock y vèã` i`s rkskrv`s fk ikedk c`tkrj` soj f`ð`r ki tkmofl skjsobik fk i`s c`c`s.
>. Rkpktor kj alrc` rãtcoe` p`r` frkj`r elcpikt`ckjtk i`s rkskrv`s.
Elile`r, kcpum`r, `prkt`r...
4. Rlt`rElile`r,
ki puin`rkcpum`r,
fkf`prkt`r...
y ils fkfls
ls p`r` kiocoj`r ltr`s rkskrv`s, us`jfl i`s fls c`jls kj e`f` c`c`
AON.2>5 ([s`r `c`b`s c`jls p`r` kxtrèeoõj fk ikedk c`tkrj`)
240

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
RKELCKJF@EOLJKU FLCÏUVOE@U=
OJNKUV@ FK IÃP[OFLU=
 Ks cuy ocplrt`jtk quk `fkcàs fk i` sueeoõj fki rkeoïj jèofl èljskmkcls ` i` c`frk i` ojnkst` fk
iãquofls `prlxoc`fl kjtrk 2 ` 5 iotrls ì fã`.
 Kjtrk ils iãquofls sunkrofls sk kjeukjtr`= `nu` plt`bik, `nu` fk dokrb`s, munls j`turìks, slp`s, ikedk
fkserkc`f` (kvot`r i` ojnkst` fk eàï y ìeldli)
 Kj e`sl fk ojfoeèoõj fk ckfoe`ckjtls `vos`r lplrtuj`ckjtk ì cïfoel lbstktr`, pkfo`tr` l c`trlj` p`r`
kvìu`r so d`y eljtròjfoeèoljks elj i` ièt`jeo`.
RLX@ OJVKROLR @FKE[@F@=

 Fksfk i`s prockr`s dlr`s fk jèocokjtl sk rkelcokjf` ` i`s c`frks i` utoiozèoõj fk slstïj c`tkrjì, ki
euì eljtokjk uj` `bkrtur` kspkeoì p`r` elile`r ì pkedl ì rkeoïj jèofl.
 Ki tor`jtk fki slstïj fkbk skr `jedl y` quk plr ùckjtl fk i` c`c` kj k j t`c`ðl y pksl, ils ion`ckjtls
eoreujf`jtks sk slbrk fostokjfkj prlfueokjfl flilr ` plstkrolr.
 @fkcàs, fkbkcls euof`r i` kstïtoe` fk i` pèokjtk, kvot`jfl quk plr nr`vkf`f y pksl `foeoljì i` poki fk
i`s c`c`s pokrf`j aorckz` y sk tlrjkj aiàeof`s y e`ãf`s.
 V`cboïj ks ocplrt`jtk utoioz`r e`cos`s fk flrcor y rlp` fk eoreuièoõj fo`ro` `bltlj`f` kj i`
i ` zlj`
`jtkrolr p`r` dèkr càs eõclfl ki `c`c`jt`cokjtl.
@BULRQKJVKU FK IKEDK=
 Elcýjckjtk ks d`botuì quk plstkrolr ` i` b`m`f` fk i` ikedk c`tkrj` (5kr l 6tl fã` fki jèocokjtl) sk
prlfuek kykeeoõj fk ikedk `ýj soj `c`c`jt`r ì rkeoïj jèofl.
 Xlr kiil sk sunokrk ki usl fk `bslrbkjtks fk ikedk quk fkbkj skr e`cbo`f`s rknui`rckjtk plr ki kxeksl
fk duckf`f.
 V`cboïj ki usl fk elpki`s piàstoe`s elile`f`s forket`ckjtk ì pkzõj y quk pkrcotkj rkekpeolj`r ikedk
c`tkrj` fur`jtk ki fã`.
0;.;.- Vïejoe`s fk prkp`rèoõj fk c`c`fkr`s=
XROJEOXOLU KJ I@ XRKX@R@EOÕJ FK C@C@FKR@U

 Ks ocplrt`jtk ki elrrketl i`v`fl fk c`jls `jtks fk prkp`r`r
c`c`fkr`s.
 I` e`jtof`f fk aõrcui` fkpkjfkrà kstroet`ckjtk fk i`
ojfoeèoõj cïfoe`.
 Jl ks eljvkjokjtk eljskrv`r uj` c`c`fkr` elj aõrcui` plr
càs fk 26 dlr`s kj ki rkaronkr`flr.
 I` tkcpkr`tur` fk i` aõrcui` fkbk skr `fkeu`f` ì
rkqukrocokjtl fki joðl, sk pukfk elcprlb`r tkcpkr`tur`
elile`jfl nlt`s fk ikedk slbrk ki flrsl fk i` c`jl. AON.2>6 (Xrkp`rèoõj fk c`c`fkr`s)
242

iLCl@RXF; > >
Eu`fkrjl fk @pujtks
DONOKJK FK C@C@FKR@U
 @etuìckjtk sk fkse`rt` dkrvor l fksojaket`r c`c`fkr`s.

Uk rkelcokjf` us`r uj fktkrnkjtk fk usl flcïstoel, ekpoii`jfl i`
c`c`fkr` y kjmu`nàjfli` elj `bujf`jtk `nu` rkeoïj dkrvof` (ì onuì
quk ki edupktk)
 Uk fkbkj fkm`r ils utkjsoiols ble` `b`ml kjeoc` fk uj trlzl fk tlìi`
jukv`.
0;.1.- Alckjtl fk i` prkvkjeoõj fki eàjekr utkrojl y fk c`c`s.
AON.2>; (Donokjk fk i`s
c`c`fkr`s
Ki alckjtl kj i` prkvkjeoõj fki eàjekr ekrvoelutkrojl sk b`s` kj=
Kfueèoõj ` i` plbièoõj= @ekre` fk ils aètlrks fk roksnl y plsobiks clfls fk prkvkjeoõj. Kjtrk ils aètlrks
fk roksnl eljleofls fkstè`j
 I` kf`f tkcpr`j` ì prockr elotl,
 Cýitopiks p`rkm`s skxuìks,

Cuitop`rof`f (> l càs p`rtls),
 @jtkekfkjtks fk ojakeeoljks fk tr`jscosoõj skxuì,
 V`b`quoscl,
 Ojcujlsuprksoõj y ltrls elcl cì jutroeoõj,
 [sl prliljn`fl (c`ylr fk ; `ðls) fk `jtoeljekptovls lrìks
 V`cboïj, kxostkj aètlrks prltketlrks elcl uj` fokt` bì`jek`f` quk ojeiuy` eljsucl fk arut`s y
vkrfur`s (roe` kj Bktè`rltkjl)
Ki aètlr ocprkseojfobik y jkeks`rol p`r` iksoljks prkeurslr`s y eàjekr ekrvoeì slj ils nkjltopls fk ìtl roksnl
fki QXD (quk sk `fquokrkj plr eljtètl skxuì) kst`bikeoïjflsk elj ekrtkz` i` `sleoèoõj eùsì kjtrk i`
prkskjeo` fk ìnujls nkjltopls fk QXD fk ìtl roksnl elj ki fks`rrliil fk eàjekr eïrvoel utkrojl06-01.
[j` `fkeu`f` kfueèoõj kj sìuf skxuì y p`tkrjof`f rkspljs`bik, kspkeoìckjtk kj nrupls `fliksekjtks,

VKJ285 U'iuf FK I@ Cumkr - KI Rkeok̀ J J'eofl VKJ285 U'iuf FK I@ Cumkr - KI Rkeok̀ J J'eofl

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iLCl@RXUF; > >

VKJ285 U`iuf FK I@ Cumkr _ KI Rkeok̀J J`eofl

s`iuf fk i` cumkr y rkeoïj

UtuFleu jl kstà p`trleoj`fl jo `v`i`fl plr jojnýj eliknol l ujovkrsof`f.

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

Forkeeoõj fk Fks`rrliil Eurroeui`r y Kv`iu`eoõj

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

[JOF@F FK @XRKJFO]@MK O= U@I[F FK I@ C[MKR _ RKEOÏJ J@EOFL

0.0.- Eljekptl fk kpofkcolilnã`= Ks i` eokjeo` quk cofk i` leurrkjeo` fk i` kjakrckf`f kj uj nrupl fk

X`r` `ie`jz`r b`s`

Kmkcpil. V@U@ FK CLRV@IOF@F=

Xlr uj`s e`us` kspkeãaoe`

0.5.-Eùs`s fk clrboclrtìof`f c`tkrj` y pkroj`tì= i` clrboiof`f (kjakrckf`f) y clrtìof`f (cukrtk) slj

E@[U@U FK CLRBOCLRV@IOF@F JKLJ@V@I

 UÃJFRLCK FK FOAOE[IV@F RKUXOR@VLRO@

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

E@[U@U FK CLRBOCLRV@IOF@F C@VKRJ@

KCB@R@]L _ X@RVL= Fo`bktks Nkstèolljì, jì, Uãjtlc`s fk p`rtl

 @etovof`fks p`r` i` prltkeeoõj y prkvkjeoõj kj i` s`iuf fk i` cumkr y rkeoïj j`eofl

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

2.-I` t`s` fk clrt`iof`f rknostr`f` kj kstk dlspot`i ks uj\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

\\\\\\Uãjtlc`s fk p`rtl prkc`turl

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

0.- Cïtlfl kpofkcoliõn

\\\2\\Dopkrtkjsoõj fki kcb`r`zl

\\\2\\\Uãjtlc`s fk p`rtl prkc`turl

\\\@ \\\\Rkeoïj J`eofl X@QK]

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

\\\@ \\\\Rkeoïj j`eofl ojnrks` `i Ukrvoeol fk Jklj`tlilnã` plr eu`frl fk foaoeuit`f rkspor`tlro`.

Nuã` Xkroj`t`i 280;.

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

Ckfoeoljks kst`fãstoe`s fk Clrt`iof`f C`tkrj`

Fostrobueoõj plrekjtu`i fk cukrtks c`tkrj`s, sknýj kf`f. Edoik 2802.

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

V`s` fk clrt`iof`f c`tkrj` (cukrtks / 088.888 joðls j`eofls vovls)

Aukjtk= EO@ ^lrif A`etbllg

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

2.08. V`s` fk clrt`iof`f pkroj`t`i= Uk rkaokrk ` i` cukrtk fki aktl l rkeoïj j`

Clrt`iof`f oja`jtoi y sus elcpljkjtks. Edoik 2880 - 2802.

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

E`us`s kxtkrj`s fk cukrtk akckjoj`=

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

Aukjtk= FKOU, Cojostkrol fk U`iuf-Edoik

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

 KUXKR@J]@ FK QOF@ @I J@EKR

Uknýj ils f`tls kxpukstls kj i`s aonur`s 5 y > fki `pujtk

C`ylr kj dlcbrks D` `uckjt`fl ` il i`rnl fk ils `ðls.

D` foscojuofl ` il i`rnl Ki `ðl 2.802 Edoik prkskjt` uj`

D` `uckjt`fl ` il Ki `ðl 2.802 Edoik prkskjt` uj`

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

Kj ki Ukrvoeol fk Lbstktroeo` y Jklj`tlilnã` fk uj dlspot`i fk i` 4¸ Rknoõj fk Edoik sk c`jkm`j ojfoe`flrks

Elcpikt` ki sonuokjtk eu`frl=

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

Fk `eukrfl ` kstl jlcbr`=

0.-I`s ; e`us`s projeop`iks fk cukrtk akckjoj` kj Edoik

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

CLRV@IOF@F JKLJ@V@I XRKEL]

CLRV@IOF@F JKLJ@V@I V@RFO@

Fkse`rn`fl plr C`rã` Mlsï Ultl Nr`j`fojl (c`mlsksnHnc`oi.elc)

N[Ã@ XKROJ@V@I 280;