Reading Work sheet

Name:………………………………………………………

Reading (1):

Read the passage and then answer the questions:

It was a Devonshire farmer called Ben Jesty, who lived more than
two hundred years ago, who began the development of vaccination as
a method of protecting people against many diseases. In 1774 there
was a severe outbreak of the disease smallpox in his local village. He
already knew of the traditional belief that an attack of cowpox gave
people protection against smallpox and he saw proof of this at this
time. Two of his farm workers had previously developed cowpox sores
on their hands through milking infected cows and had then nursed their
own families through the smallpox outbreak without catching the
disease themselves.
Jesty had already had cowpox, but his wife and their two young
children had not. Concerned for their safety, he scratched their arms
with a large needle and then put fluid from the cowpox sores on an
infected cow into these scratches. Although the Jesty family were
criticized by local people who thought that this 'experiment 7 was
morally wrong, they never caught smallpox.
But the real breakthrough came some twenty years later in 1796
when Edward Jenner, an English country doctor, made the first
scientific approaches to the subject of protection against disease by
vaccination methods. His experiments proved the value of vaccination
with material from cowpox sores, and he also found that using material
from an infected human on another human produced only a small sore
at the spot where the treatment had been carried out and very few
other signs of the disease.
It was at about this time, too, that the now familiar name 'vaccine7
for the material used in the process of 'vaccination' - from the Latin
 ‫‪name for cowpox, 'vaccinia' (the Latin 'Vacca' means 'cow') - came into‬‬
‫‪use.‬‬
‫‪Jenner's vaccination techniques spread across the world faster‬‬
‫‪than the disease itself. Napoleon had his troops vaccinated and in‬‬
‫‪Russia the first child to be vaccinated was given the name 'Vaccinof'.‬‬
‫‪President Jefferson of the United States said in a letter to Jenner,‬‬
‫‪'Future nations will know by history only that the terrible disease of‬‬
‫‪smallpox existed and that it has been destroyed by you.' Forward-‬‬
‫‪looking words indeed! In 1980, the World Health Assembly officially‬‬
‫‪declared that smallpox had completely disappeared from the world.‬‬

‫‪Answer the following questions.‬‬

‫?‪1- What was in Jesty’s local village in 1774‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

‫?‪2- What did his farm workers catch‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

‫?‪3- What did he do to his wife and their two children‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

‫?‪4- What did Edward Jenner’s experiments prove‬‬

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

‫‪5- What do these words refer to:‬‬

‫‪a) " he" line 5 refers to:‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

‫‪b) "their" line 11 refers to:‬‬

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

‫‪6- Find words in the passage with the same meaning as:‬‬

‫‪a) illness:‬‬
‫ـ‬

‫‪b) vanished:‬‬

‫‪Reading (2):‬‬
Read the following passage then, answer the following questions:

Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii
and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and
destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A. D. 79.

The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the
coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a
hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding
night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock
down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling in the harbor
with coagulated lava.
Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained
down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops
quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire,
however, was not the only cause of destruction. Poisonous sulphuric gases
saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and
therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people.

Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great
deal about the behavior of the volcano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist
dissects a specimen animal, scientist have concluded that the eruption changed
large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from
its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples.
Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a
huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate.
In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to
study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic
ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able
to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the
residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded
many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze, which is an alloy
of copper and tin.

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us
with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding
area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and
preventing the destruction of cities and cultures.

A) Choose the correct answer from A,B,C, or D:

1. Herculaneum and its harbor were buried under ……….lava.

A. liquid
B. solid
C. flowing
D. gas
E. answer not available

2. The poisonous gases were not ……….. in the air.

A. able to float
B. visible
C. able to evaporate
D. invisible
E. able to condense

3. Scientists analyzed data about Vesuvius in the same way that a zoologist
………… a specimen.

A. describes in detail
B. studies by cutting apart
C. photographs
D. chart
E. answer not available

4. …………have concluded that the volcanic eruption caused a tidal wave.

A. Scientist who study oceans

B. Scientist who study atmospheric conditions
C. Scientist who study ash
D. Scientist who study animal behavior
E. Answer not available in article

5. Scientist have used ……….water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons
of victims.

A. bottled
B. volcanic
C. purified
D. sea
E. fountain

________________________________________________
Good luck