AC - DC MOTOR CONTROL TRAINER KIT

A Developmental Study
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Industrial Technology
LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
Main Campus Santa Cruz, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Major in Electrical Technology

BATOON, JEUSS LIEYNNAR T.

GUEVARRA, JERICHO F.
ROASA, RICK ANDREW Z.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………..………........I

APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………...………..II

VISION, MISSION AND QUALITY POLICY……………………………………..III

GOALS & OBJECTIVES OF THE COLLEGE…………………………….….……IV

DEDICATION………………………………………………………………….…….V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………..…….VI

LIST OF TABLE……………………………………………………………………VII

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………...VIII

Chapter

I. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study……………………………………………………...1

Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………….2

Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………….3

Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………….4

Significance of the Study……………………………………………………..5

Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………6

Operational Definition of terms………………………………………………7

II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Studies………………………………………………………………11

Related Literature…………………………………………………………….24

III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………………………….36

Laboratory Test…………………………………………………………………..37

Subject of the Study……………………………………………………………...38

Population………………………………………………………………………..39

Sampling Techniques…………………………………………………………….40

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………………………..41

Supply and Materials…………………………………………………………….42

Construction Procedure……………………………………………………….…43

Try-outs and Revision……………………………………………………………44

Construction Time Frame/ Production Time Frame………………………….….45

LITERATURES & STUDIES CITED……………….………………………..46

LIST OF TABLES

Number Page

1 Supplies and Materials

 2 Tools and Equipment

3 Research Time Frame

4 Construction and Procedure

LIST OF FIGURES

Number

Page

1 Research Paradigm of the Study................................................4

2 AC-DC Motor Control Trainer Kit

3 Electric Motors

4 AC-DC Motor Control Trainer Kit wiring Connections

 CHAPTER I

I. INTRODUCTION

AC-DC Motor Control Trainer Kit provide learners with real world experience in

installation and control of motors. The motor is using standard number wiring

terminology. Units are connected to load devices through a standard flexible coupling

that provides for learning of shaft alignment techniques. Safety is emphasized throughout

the hardware design. Safety devices include grounded connections for individual

components in the system. Learners use these safety devices each time they set up a

circuit.

This trainer kit is designed for students’ actual demonstration and simulations.

Very efficient for excellent performance learning skills experience.

Students will have an opportunity to ask questions, open feedback or comments,

as well as allow them to speak if they have ideas/insights. This motor control training kit

is designed to be an interactive, problem-solving, learning environment for delegates of

all disciplines.

This AC-DC Motor Control Trainer Kit provides information of operational

safety measures guidelines, in maintaining medium voltage motors and controls. At the
conclusion of the course, students will understand the basics of electric motor control

maintenance procedures.

The intent of the researchers is to ensures that the students will understand, be

educated on how to install and the execute the motor control through the AC-DC Motor

Control Trainer Kit. Students will learn proper motor control troubleshooting techniques

which will allow them to ensure optimal operation of electric motors

II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Motor patterns are learned through movement, interactions with rich electric

motor and control components environments, challenging experiences that challenge a

person to solve problems they encounter. The knowledge about motor control and motor

learning shape our understanding of how individuals progress from novice to skilled

motor performance throughout the lifespan. This project provides student to develop their

skill about Motor Control and Motor Learning.

The AC-DC Motor Control Training Kit features a variety of manual faults that

allows learners to practice real world troubleshooting on actual components.

Troubleshooting skills include testing an indicator lamp, manual switch, control relay,

motor contactor, overload relay, and so on.

III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

AC/DC Motor Control Theory

This aims to develop a laboratory control theory experiment supported by the use of a

features electric motor and control components. The impact, as a teaching aid, of the
proposed laboratory control experiment is evaluated, having in mind the student’s

feedback. The AC/DC motor control training kit is used in the developed educational Kit.

being a low-cost material equipped such as motors, relays, switches and so on. The

experiment is based on real hardware and on simulation, using the AC/DC motor control

training kit realistic simulation. In order to implement the AC/DC motor control training

kit, the students’ feedback was acquired using a questionnaire and the results confirmed

the importance given to these practical experiments.

Hassan Suliman and Khaled Abubaker (2013) The AC to DC variable converter

becomes an important drive configuration for DC motor applications across a wide range

of powers and speeds. Consequently, this converter requires a controller with a high

degree of dynamic response. Generally, Proportional-Integral- Differential (PID)

controllers have been applied to the converters because of their simplicity. However,

PID controller is unable to adapt and approach the best performance when applied to

nonlinear system. This problem is solved by the intelligence of the Fuzzy Logic

Controller (FLC). Therefore, in this project, simulation of a single-phase AC-DC

converter is designed to convert AC voltage to variable DC voltage to drive DC motor

application with the FLC. In order to obtain the desired speed of dc motor, the FLC is

employed to control the firing angle of the power converter. The controller is designed to

stabilize the output voltage of AC-DC converter. To verify the effectiveness of the

proposed method, both of the FLC and the PID controllers have designed and compared

in term of settling time and overshoot. In this project, MATLAB/SIMULINK power

system toolbox is used to simulate the proposed system. The simulation result show that

the amplitude of output voltage of the DC-AC converter and motor speed can be
controlled. Meanwhile, Fuzzy logic controller uses DC motor speed as feedback

enhances the system performance by significantly improving the dynamic performance

of the AC-DC converter. The simulation results on the real control system reveal that the

proposed FLC is able to overcome the disadvantages of conventional PID controller.

Katsipataki and Maria (2013) According to previous research, motor skills difficulties

can affect academic outcomes. Furthermore, there is growing evidence supporting the

relationship between the motor and academic areas. As part of this investigation a motor

skills intervention was developed that aimed to make improvements in the performance

of the reading, math and motor skills of young children in mainstream education. The

“Motor Skills Intervention for the Early Years” that was subsequently developed

represented a new approach to intervention combining direct and indirect motor tasks

resulting in a pragmatic, hybrid intervention.

IV. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Input Process Outpu

t
Brain Storming Planning Completed and
Concept Construction Evaluated AC/DC
Ideas Revision motor trainer kit
Materials/Equipment illustration and
Design diagram
Testing Evaluation
Effectiveness
Trial and Error
Safety Features
Maintenance

Figure 1: Research Paradigm of the Study

Frame 1 consists of the materials to be used to build the AC/DC motor control trainer kit

Frame 2 consists of the plans and preparations for development and the conducting of

the study.

Frame 3 consists of the demonstration of the completed study

V. Objectives of the Study

The focus of the study is to develop AC/DC motor control trainer kit. Specifically

aims to:

1. Construct and develop AC/DC motor control trainer kit.

2. Determine the acceptability of AC/DC motor control trainer kit in terms of:

2.1 Maintenance

2.2 Safety Features

2.3 Usefulness

2.4 Functionality

3. Estimate the functionality in terms of:

3.1 Power and Energy consumption

3.2 Connections

3.3 Parts

4. Determine the mean acceptability of the AC/DC motor control trainer kit.

rated by the two groups of respondents.

5. Find out the significance between the two groups of responses on the

effectivity of the AC/DC motor control trainer kit.in terms of maintenance,

safety features, functionality and usefulness.

 VI. Significance of the Study

The Construction of the AC/DC motor control training kit would benefit of the

following:

Community This study will help student to develop skill related to motor control

and help them familiarize how to use motors, wirings diagrams and how motor control

works. Also, to develop there troubleshooting ability while studying.

Future Researcher The result of this study can serve as basis for further study on

AC/DC motor control training kit.

Students of Electrical This study will help the students to develop their interest

towards the concept of AC/DC motor control.

VII. Scope and limitation of the study

This study is all about the construction of AC/DC motor control trainer kit which

helps students and future researcher. It will be constructed at Laguna State Polytechnic

University Santa Cruz Campus Academic Year 2022. This project study entitled AC/DC

motor control trainer kit is a training workstation that equip with a various component.

The researcher considered random student at University of Santa Cruz Laguna a total of

40 students as a respondent. Whether the outcome of their AC/DC motor control trainer

kit will be useful. To determine the AC/DC motor control training kit is measured in

terms of maintenance, safety features, functionality and usefulness the researchers used

self- made questionnaire. The selected individuals will be asked some questions that is

related to the study AC/DC motor control trainer kit. The research intended to create a

prototype of this product.

 VIII. Operational Definition of Terms

To provide the reader for clearer understanding of the study, the following terms

are described and defined operationally by the researchers:

Trainer Kit. A device that will enable students/ respondents for trials.

Circuit breaker. an automatic device for stopping the flow of current in an electric

circuit as a safety measure

Wiring Connectors. A female cord mounted wiring gadget with the conducting elements

recessed behind the mating surface. This type of device is normally wired to be live when

nothing is plugged in to it. Therefore, connectors are wired to the source of power.

Selector Switch. 2 position selectors switch 2 position selector switch switches between

two electric circuits. 

indicator lamp. indicator consisting of a light to indicate whether power is on or a motor

is in operation pilot lamp, pilot light indicator. a device for showing the operating

condition of some system

Motor starter. a device that regulates the performance of an electric motor Starter motor,

an electric motor that rotates an internal combustion engine until it can power itself, such

as in automobiles

Contactor. a type of switch for repeatedly opening and closing an electric circuit. Its

operation can be mechanical, electromagnetic, or pneumatic.

Contact Relay. A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input

terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals.
The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make

contacts, break contacts, or combinations.

Time relay. is a device that controls the timing of an event. It opens or closes contacts

after a pre-determined amount of time has elapsed, thereby providing a timed control

function.

Push Button. operated or done by means of push buttons a push-button.

 Limit Switch. A limit switch is an electromechanical device operated by a physical

force applied to it by an object. Limit switches are used to detect the presence or absence

of an object. 

AC to DC converter. The process of conversion of AC current to dc current is known

as rectification. The rectifier converts the AC supply into the DC supply at the load end

connection.

Circuit. An electrical path through which an electric current may flow from a voltage

supply to a load.

Effectiveness. Refers to the ability of the AC/DC motor control training kit to operation

system and safe to use.

Maintenance. It is the ability of the AC/DC motor control training kit to be easier

maintained and the outcome is good.

Respondents. Refers to 40 students of university of Santa Cruz, Laguna who evaluated

the research
Safety Features. These are the features of the AC/DC motor control training kit Motor

Circuit Protectors, overload relays, circuit breakers.

Speed. Facilitate the work and out the project in the right order.

Motor control. It is relating to Wherever engines are used, they must be controlled. The

Basic Concepts of Control Components, you learned on how used to control the

operation of motors. 

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter present the review of related literature to the present research study in terms

of effectiveness, safety features and maintenance which were found significant bearing of

the study and serve as guide to the experimental research.

Related Studies

Maintenance

According to Ira Soller (2004), Proper equipment maintenance and repair, a key

component of equipment management, is critical for an institution to supply high-quality

gadgets. The engineering director must be adaptable and completely aware of the clinical

engineering staff's talents as well as the institution's budgetary limits in order to select the

most cost-effective combination of services, with the goal of continually providing

quality service while reducing overall expenses.

 As stated by Thomas Judd (2004), The seven HTM teams of ten technicians each

supplied equipment management services to a wide range of technical equipment,

including general biomedical, laboratory, and radiology equipment, gadgets and motor.

Three years following program launch, there was a 30% cost savings for internal

equipment management over external manufacturer assistance, owing principally to a

50% reduction in radiological maintenance expenses. For example, at baseline, there

were $540,000 in support expenditures, of which $340,000 was for radiology equipment;

after three years, there was a $170,000 reduction when all costs were included.

According to Nicholas Cram (2004), All tasks related to delivering a sufficient

level of service and limiting downtime of medical devices in the facility are included in

equipment maintenance. Equipment maintenance has traditionally been divided into two

categories: preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance.

Preventive maintenance (PM) is a regular occurrence. PMs are planned based on the risk

rating of the specific medical equipment. The risk ranking is a unit-less number

calculated from a formula that takes into account two factors: (1) relative maintenance

frequency and (2) the impact on patient care if the device fails. Incoming inspection is

another task related with the responsibility of equipment upkeep. Prior to usage, all

equipment entering a medical facility must be inspected.

According to Edvard (2016), Motors require frequent maintenance to avoid

failure and extend their lifespan. Motors and motor parts should be serviced and checked

at least once every six months. Only then can a motor's life and efficiency be maintained.

When applied correctly, a well-designed motor maintenance program can be summed up

as preventative maintenance, predictive maintenance, and reactive maintenance.

Inspection cycles are determined by the type of motor and the operating conditions.

In Accelix (2018) study, for decades, people have known about the rate of interest

and benefits of reliability and condition-based maintenance. They have just recently

joined forces to make predictive inspection methods, portable condition monitoring,

remote control and monitoring, and SaaS Computerized Maintenance Management

System (CMMS) affordable. These next-generation maintenance and reliability

technologies facilitate data generation, gathering, and aggregation from sensors, tools,

and current systems. They also improve remote monitoring capabilities via linked devices

such as desktop computers, tablets, and smartphones.

According to Garg and Deshmukh (2006), The importance of the maintenance

function, and thus maintenance management, has expanded over time. The expanding use

of mechanization and automation has lowered the number of industrial workers while

increasing the capital invested in manufacturing equipment and civil constructions. As a

result, the proportion of personnel working in maintenance, as well as the proportion of

maintenance spending on total operational costs, has increased over time. In refineries,

for example, it is not uncommon for the maintenance and operations departments to be

the largest, accounting for 30 percent of total labor. Furthermore, maintenance costs,

along with energy costs, can account for the majority of any operational budget.

However, the main dilemma confronting maintenance management is whether its output

is produced more effectively, in terms of contribution to business profits, and efficiently,

in terms of labor and materials employed.

 Allen (2006) says, Maintenance management is defined as the maintenance,

improvement, and adaptation of a building's organization in order to produce a strong

environment. The maintenance management is also responsible for restoring or

maintaining the facility and its contents to an acceptable state. The maintenance

management includes several types of operations and functions to keep the building in

good condition and to guarantee that it meets the building standards set by the local

government. To reach standard one of the planning by strategy, strategy is the efficient

design of a structure, a grasp of how it is constructed is required.

According to Mikael Anderrson (2016), The primary purpose of the

maintenance organization is always to increase availability. This means that the machines

must continue to function normally during planned operations. To thrive, the

maintenance organization must have a defined vision and strategy, as well as specified

procedures and goals. Mikael Andersson, Project Manager at Maint Master, shares some

advice on how to create your work through the European standard EN 13306:2017 to

provide a solid and sustainable work strategy for your maintenance organization.

According to Warren Wu (2020), Preventive maintenance is described as taking

preventive activities or efforts to avoid equipment breakdowns from occurring. Routine

inspections, upgrades, correct lubrication (where applicable), adjustments, and the

replacement of obsolete equipment or parts are all part of preventive maintenance.

Preventive maintenance can be implemented in many areas of your business, and it

includes any preventive action, such as changing water filters, regularly cleaning

essential equipment (such as refrigerator condenser coils), inspecting business vehicles

(such as delivery vans), and checking grout and caulking to protect a property from water

damage.

According to Otto (2021), Maintenance is critical in every equipment

since it ensures proper operation, prevents certain types of defects, and even allows for an

increase in usable life. It is divided into two types: preventive and corrective. Preventive

maintenance is performed on a regular basis to ensure that the motor is operating

properly, as well as to perform procedures (adjustments, lubrication, revision, etc.) and

replace parts recommended by the manufacturer based on the workload of the motor.

This method is carried out in accordance with maintenance planning activities and should

interfere as little as possible with its usual operation.

Safety Features

According to Razali (2018), Improving an organization's safety performance can

increase its resilience or robustness, lowering the chance of accidents. Safety

management practices are the policies, strategies, processes, and actions implemented or

followed by an organization's management to ensure the safety of its people. It is a

critical component that will approve an effective safety management organization. Each

year, more than 50 cases include driving recklessness in Port Pasir Gudang, with a death

case reported in Port Pulau Pinang. Meanwhile, a death has been recorded as a result of a

container being crushed at Port Klang Westport. Thus, the purpose of this research is to

look into the relationship between safety management methods and safety performance in

port sectors, with a focus on Port Tanjung Pelepas and Port

 Mohana Priya, et al. (2021) says, the building industry is critical to our country's

social and economic development. Construction safety is regarded as a key issue in both

industrialized and developing countries. The construction industry has recently suffered

from poor safety and health conditions due to a lack of safety norms and a lack of

perception of working hazards. The purpose of establishing safety management is to

encourage working conditions and work practices that will provide all employees with a

safe and healthy work environment for all construction operations. The goal of this article

is to research the safety measures and techniques used on construction sites, as well as to

assess the safety regulations and policies on construction sites and to examine the

management issues encountered on building project sites.

Robert Champbell (2009) meant to demonstrate the commercial advantages of

environmental, health, and safety (EHS) management to future business leaders The

award, which was established in 2004, rewards businesses who are the "best of the best"

at integrating EHS management into company operations. For case studies on the

following organizations, you can obtain materials such as a business case study

document, teaching notes, a PowerPoint presentation, and videos.

According to Gu Mingtao (2011) Based on the problem that ultrasonic cleaning

can destroy the insulating layer of the motor winding and impact motor safety, the

destructive effect mechanism is examined, a destructive experiment method based on

enameled wire is designed, and finally the cleaning power and time are realized. The

motor studies demonstrated that the cleaning parameters chosen in this manner did not

harm the insulating layer of the motor winding, and that it was a great strategy for

ensuring the safety and dependability of the specified ultrasonic cleaning procedure.
 As stated by In-Site (2004), Avian safety concerns, biosystem disruptions, noise,

visual pollution, electromagnetic interferences, and local climate changes are among the

principal environmental consequences. This chapter examines and summarizes the

environmental effects of the wind energy industry. The mitigation solutions available to

reduce these negative environmental impacts are also explored. Aside from

environmental concerns, structural safety is becoming a concern since numerous

structural failures of wind turbines have been observed.

As cited by Smallman and John (2010), A bad health and safety record may

harm the firm's reputation by causing one or more stakeholders to regard the organization

negatively. However, some people believe that having a good safety record does not help

a company's reputation. In other words, there is a trade-off between the expense of

investing in health and safety measures and the potential cost of mistakes.

According to Vann Vuran (2010), cultural factors on risk (i.e. incident causation)

and risk management in the Dutch steel industry and medical environment, utilizing the

PRISMA risk management tool (Prevention and Recovery Information System for

Monitoring and Analysis). According to the findings of the study, there is a negative

attitude toward following safety procedures in both domains. "Huge risks" were taken in

the steel sector. can save time, such as not isolating a system before starting work

Personal protective equipment was not taken seriously and was viewed as an unnecessary

burden, especially given the heated working circumstances. Employees were made aware

of the importance of safety procedures.

 According to Glendon and Litherland (2003), Safety behavior may be a

beneficial supplement to safety measures. Instead of using environment as a reliable

indication, they included behavioral indicators in their 'Safety Assessment Toolkit,' along

with employee interviews and attitude assessments. They propose that direct observation

of personnel is one method for determining the number and kind of minor incidents and

near misses. A behavioral checklist can be created that lists the behaviors linked with

incident and accident prevention, such as "wears eye protection when dealing with

chemicals." Behavioral indicators can help to develop a global picture of an

organization's prevailing atmosphere for safety on such 'unpalatable' investments.

Robert Duffer (2019) stated that, "By deploying advanced driver assistance

systems such as forward and rear emergency braking, rear cross-traffic alert, and others,

we can make significant gains in safety," Carol Flannagan, research associate professor at

the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, said in a statement. "We

also discovered that the more automated the system, the more benefits there are."

According to CORP (2022), There is a growing awareness of the necessity to

protect workers in businesses employing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material

(NORM), as well as to use a graded approach by regulators and operators' resources for

worker protection management. To define regulatory criteria for radiation safety in

industrial operations employing NORM, experience sharing is required. Workplace radon

exposure regulation and management is also a significant concern.

Usefulness
 As stated by OED (2011), The act of putting anything to work, or employing or

using a thing, for any helpful or productive purpose is defined as 'use.' The adjective

version of the phrase 'useful' refers to things, acts, and practices that can be put to good

use or are suited for use; favorable, profitable, or beneficial are described as 'useful'. The

noun form is 'usefulness,' which refers to a sense of advantage, good, or benefit resulting

from the usage, employment, or application of anything.

According to Pizzini (2006), The concept of 'functionality' is widely used in the

accounting literature. When the subjective nature of usefulness is emphasized, the word

'perceived' is sometimes included. The usefulness of accounting systems is frequently

investigated in the MA literature using contingency theoretical approaches. These studies,

for example, looked at how useful accounting system development techniques were

regarded to be by managers.

According Chenhall (2003), stresses the difficulty in integrating concepts such as

"usage," "usefulness," "benefits," and "pleasure" with organizational performance. A

given system may not be considered as beneficial, and satisfaction with the system may

be low, but organizational performance may be excellent. This can happen as a result of a

variety of other official or informal information sources, or just by chance. As a result, it

should not be assumed that the usability of accounting information directly leads to

improved organizational performance.

According to VUCA research (2020), Usability and usefulness are two distinct

but equally significant aspects of a product. Usability comes after usefulness. Usefulness

establishes the value of an idea in the lives of clients, whereas usability strengthens that
notion by making it more convenient. To put it simply, Usefulness = Does the concept

provide value to its users? Usability = Is the value presented in an easy-to-understand

format?

According to Fatih Adak (2013), to clarify usefulness and usability as a research

variable, the key aspect influencing the performance of a electronis program or a website

designed for a mobile device is its usability. A variety of elements can have an impact on

usability. Color, location, and function are the most essential of these factors. As a result,

the interface has the greatest impact on usability. These elements must be well designed

at a low cost. There are no fundamental, unambiguous rules of usability. There are no

absolute definitions in the literature. According to Nielsen, the electronic program ability

to be intelligible, easily remembered, and to prevent potential failures makes it useable.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization 2013), Usability is

defined as the ability of users to fulfill specific goals in an effective, productive, and

satisfying manner. These usability definitions apply to all software products. Usability

definitions for mobile software are nearly same. Additional considerations of usability in

mobile applications include a small screen and a small virtual keyboard. A lot of research

on the usability of mobile applications have been published in the literature. Biel et al.

created a method for analyzing mobile app usability and detecting potential usability

issues.

As cited by Norman (2013), usability is the design of menus and icons while

keeping the user's mental model in mind. McDaniel agrees and adds that the designer's
model should not be used as the foundation. ISO, Section 508, and MSDN usability

recommendations have become standard usability requirements. Again, UIQ, Style

Guide, Palm OS user interface requirements, and Symbian graphic design principles can

be considered as mobile interface standards. Once these standards are adopted and

implemented by application developers, there will be far fewer usability issues. Using

these standards allows developers to make sound decisions.

According to IDF foundation (2003), Anything that helps you get closer to or

fulfill your goals is useful. One of the numerous variables that determines and adds to a

product's usability is usefulness. If something is valuable, it can be used to attain a certain

goal. Designers will generally strive to create helpful things. Usable, on the other hand,

relates to a product's ease of use, and the more usable a product is, the more likely it will

be used. The most important of these three notions, however, is used. It makes no

difference how useful and usable a design is if it is not used. Designers are likely to wish

to investigate how to shift from useful to useable in order for their work to be useful.

According to Norman (2010), Usability and functionality are equally crucial and

together decide if anything is useful: It doesn't matter if something is simple if it isn't

what you're looking for. It's also ineffective if the technology can theoretically perform

what you want but you can't make it happen due to a complicated user interface. You can

use the same user research methodologies that are used to improve usability to investigate

the usefulness of a design.

According to Faizan (2020), Nowadays, one of the most crucial aspects to

consider while building an application is usability. Every startup, mid-level corporation,

and organization, large or little, is working hard to produce software solutions with

exceptional usability. Every day, you might come across at least one new article with a

headline similar to this: 'how to design a functional app.' The startup sector also takes

great care in developing apps that are simple to use for their intended demographic.

Unfortunately, in the thick of the debate over usability, we have missed another critical

factor: 'usefulness.' However, it can be observed that conversations about the significance

of functionality have only just begun to emerge.

Functionality

According to Ashley Crossman (2020), Functionalism stresses societal

consensus and order, focusing on social stability and shared public values. According to

this viewpoint, system disorder, such as deviant behavior, leads to change since society

components must adjust to achieve stability. When one portion of the system fails, it

impacts the entire system and causes social difficulties, requiring social reform.

According to Kristensen (2007), In the middle of discussion, the European

Pharmacopoeia Commission is trying to add physical or "functionality-related features"

of excipient materials in its monographs. The European Pharmacopoeia Commission's

ongoing initiative to add physical features of excipient elements in its monographs has

sparked heated controversy. Excipient makers have strongly opposed the European

project, questioning the involvement of pharmacopoeias in a field that is basically the

topic of voluntary agreement between excipient providers and users. The commission's

work on excipient monographs focuses on the typical health and safety considerations
linked with material identity, purity, and assay. Under the title "Functionality-related

qualities,"

As cited by Masrina Salleh (2017), For the previous five years, there has been an

increase in research linked to software functionality service, mostly in functionality

service development, but there is still a shortage of study coverage on functional

compliance sub-characteristics. Future work should entail reviewing a larger number of

articles from a wider range of journals and workshops.

Graedel and Reck, (2014) says, the possible recovery of materials is frequently

connected to their quantity in such items; lesser quantities are less likely to be recycled.

EEE complexity tends to develop when technological miniaturization and

dematerialization deliver similar or superior functionality, complicating material

recycling even further. LCA can examine the potential life cycle environmental impact of

EEE for both products and materials.

According to Rahman et al. (2010), The essential qualities and success aspects of

items are regarded to be functionality and attractiveness. Functionality refers to the

opportunities for action provided by a product, which facilitates consumer engagements

and is regarded as a product's performance in this study. Aesthetics, according to design

academics, refers to two concepts: the senses, notably vision, represented by a product,

and the unique cognitive reaction or response to a thing.

Christensen Ball (2016), the fundamental dimensions of design creativity include

aesthetics, functionality, and uniqueness, however they argue that novelty and usefulness

are the core creative components. According to the findings, creativity comprises not
only aesthetic qualities but also innovation and functionality. Aesthetics and functionality

are discovered to have no significant relationships with innovation.

According to Moon et al (2015), Improving a product's functionality leads to new

product design. This demonstrates how creativity, aesthetics, and usefulness are all linked

to innovation in some manner. Aesthetics, functionality, and inventiveness all interact to

some level in product design, but it appears that varied perspectives exist on this

interaction. Furthermore, few research has looked into how basic elements of creativity,

such as novelty and functionality, relate to aesthetics and functionality, which could

provide further information.

As cited by Srinivasan (2012), Functionality represents consumers' perceptions

of a product's capacity to achieve its purpose. Also, show that functionality is more

essential to customers than aesthetics as a product design feature, and has a greater

impact on consumer satisfaction. It is derived from product features and provides distinct

benefits through use.

According to Tech Target (2005), In information technology, functionality (from

Latin functio, which means "to perform") refers to the sum of all or any part of what a

product, such as a software application or computing device, can do for a user. Marketers

utilize product functionality to discover product features and provide a range of

capabilities to users. The functionality may or may not be user-friendly.

According to Estel (2014), "The functionality of the new computer model is

incredible" However, it can also be used more broadly to mean "practicality" or

"capability." For example, you might admire the functionality of your neighbor's very
basic, simple backyard grill (as opposed to your fancy gas model), which works perfectly

well to cook hamburgers.

Related Literature

Maintenance

As claimed by Garg and Deshmukh (2006), The importance of the maintenance

function, and thus maintenance management, has expanded over time. The expanding use

of mechanization and automation has lowered the number of industrial workers while

increasing the capital invested in manufacturing equipment and civil constructions.

Models for maintenance optimization can be both qualitative and quantitative. The

former comprises techniques such as total productive maintenance (TPM), reliability

centered maintenance (RCM), and so on, whilst the latter includes a variety of

deterministic/ stochastic models such as Markov Decision, Bayesian models, and so on.

Maintenance strategies have evolved through time, from corrective maintenance (CM) in

1940 to numerous operation research (OR) models for maintenance today. A variety of

cutting-edge strategies have been investigated in this broad field.

According to Chelbi and Ait-Kadi (2004), Another classification of maintenance

work is based on several methodologies. This broad topic has resulted in the

identification of 54 papers. These strategies have been further subdivided into ten

categories, each of which is explored in depth below. conjunction with the provision of a

methodology for measuring the effectiveness of the current state of maintenance

management In the field of systems audit approach, it also gives a maintenance

evaluation approach based on a quality audit and quantitative maintenance performance

indicators. The findings of a study of performance ratios from three industries are also

provided.

In Pongpech et al (2006) study, The impact of maintenance-induced failures on

operational efficiency. Pongpech prioritizes inspection efficacy, repair effectiveness, and

maintenance-induced failures. These areas are frequently overlooked throughout the

system's design and operation. As a result, it is critical to understand how they affect

system operating effectiveness and what efforts can be done to mitigate their

consequences.

The traditional approach of making maintenance and production decisions

According to Irevani and Duenyas (2003), separately can be costly, and there are major

benefits to making these decisions together. The same was proved for a make-to-stock

production system consisting of a single degrading machine that produces a single item.

The performance of a maintenance and production system integrated utilizing a Markov

decision process and evaluated using approximation methods was shown to work

incredibly well.

In the study of El Hayek et al (2005), maintenance performance based on the life

cycle costs of complicated machinery utilizing simulation as a technology notion of

upkeep A maintenance concept is the collection of numerous maintenance interventions

(corrective, preventative, condition-based, etc.) and the basic structure in which these

interventions are planned. According to Waeyenbergh and Pintelon, an increasing

number of businesses are looking for a personalized maintenance model. The framework

proposed in this study provides some guidance for developing such a concept and

incorporates some ideas from the literature on maintenance concepts. The framework's

ability to incorporate all information accessible in the organization, from maintenance

personnel' experience to data gathered by modern information and communication

technologies, is a significant aspect.

Nikolopoulos et al. (2003), highlight that a good maintenance management

design and integration into ERP systems allow firms to effectively manage their

production, planning, and scheduling. The creation of an object-oriented maintenance

management model and its integration with an ERP system is presented in this paper. As

input, most maintenance optimization algorithms require an estimate of the "bare" failure

rate function. In fact, estimating the "naked" failure rate is problematic because overhauls

and other PM procedures tend to distort the documented life lengths.

In MATEC Web of conferences (2016), A thorough search of the literature on

maintenance priority and maintenance performance was done. Emerald, Science Direct,

Scopus Taylor & Francis, JSTOR, and Springer Link were among the databases

examined. In total, 184 pieces of literature were assessed, including related publications

and search engines. To decide which maintenance tasks to prioritize and the ramifications

of each priority, various aspects must be considered, as well as a complete grasp of the

business.

According to S. Antti and D. Mats, J. Q. M. E (2011), Cost is divided into two

categories: direct cost and indirect cost. Direct costs are associated with labor expenses,
spare parts, and other direct costs associated with maintenance work, but indirect costs

are associated with costs associated with recovering lost output and quality deficiency.

While direct costs such as maintenance (manpower and spare parts) are more widely

understood, indirect costs such as the cost of not providing key services to the business

are difficult to quantify.

I. Flores-Colen, J. de Brito, and V. Freitas, J. (2010), highlight the social

considerations in maintenance prioritization include health and safety, building usage,

security, and building status. Most maintenance management systems incorporate safety

and health regulations as major elements in asset management decision making. Risk

and safety are inextricably linked. The degree of risk to life, physical integrity, health,

and comfort is affected by risk. Risk is commonly measured using likelihood and

consequences. The top priority for local authorities in the United Kingdom is

maintenance priorities relating to legal requirements, contracting requirements, and the

safety and health of building inhabitants and users.

M. Y. L. T. Chew and S.S. Kang (2004), stated that the hesitation about

prioritizing maintenance reduces performance and hinders optimum working capability.

Maintenance is an expensive component of a building's life cycle. Maintenance accounts

for approximately 75% of a building's overall life cycle cost. More than 90% of the life

cycle of a building project requires maintenance after it is completed. This demonstrates

that maintenance is an essential component of every organization, with catastrophic

implications if disregarded. Inadequate facility maintenance is a poor economic decision

since it creates a maintenance backlog that must be handled in the future.

Safety Features

In Zwetsloot et al (2013) stated that there are valid reasons to believe that

workplace safety is valuable in and of itself. Safety undoubtedly belongs to what most

people consider to be important in life (which was part of one of the definitions of a

value given above), but this does not provide us with a definition or additional insight

into the value of safety, or safety values.

According to Newman (2012), as the significance of safety within an

organization According to Newman et al, safety values predict the interchange of safety

information between supervisors and employees. Newman and colleagues (2008)

focused on the intrinsic value of safety rather than extrinsic motivators like rewards and

punishment. Perceptions of workplace safety values are passed down through the

company at all levels. Taipei International Airport defines safety values as safety actions

that are implemented even while under time constraints.

Among the safety features program, Dierdorf and Morgeson (2013) proved that

that success (accomplishment and usage of) Safety-related values were independence

(reinforcement and encouragement of initiative and creativity), altruism (fostering

harmony and service to others), status (advancement, recognition, and prestige), and

comfort (supporting and stress-free). However, it has also identified 42 concepts through

a series of interviews. which were evidence of the emphasis and value placed on safety

values and features.

Zwetsloot et al (2013), discovered twenty-nine values and value-related factors

identified in the literature as beneficial to workplace health, safety, and well-being These
were grouped into seven key values. After that, the seven core values were divided into

three value clusters. The first value cluster is distinguished by a favorable attitude toward

people and their "being"; it includes the key values of connection, involvement, and trust.

The second value cluster, justice and responsibility, is relevant for organizational and

individual 'doing', for acts planned or undertaken. The third value cluster is relevant for

'becoming,' and it is distinguished by the alignment of personal and professional goals. It

includes the values of growth and resilience in organizational development.

According to Newman(2012), Some mechanisms have been discovered that

enhance safety values. For example, supervisor safety practices are connected with higher

safety values. Researchers utilized a four-item measure to assess how much managers

were considered to respect workplace safety. "Management appreciates safety," for

example, inspired drivers to drive responsibly if they believed both their supervisors and

fleet manager valued safety.

As stated by Conchie & Donald (2006), Management is often related with global

policies and safety culture, and so has an impact on safety at the industry level.

Supervisors and coworkers, on the other hand, impact the safety climate and group

values, and so have a bigger influence on local safety performance. The guidelines and

ideals are adjusted or reinterpreted on the shop floor. The biggest predictor of near-miss

engagement was the level of trust in coworkers.

Saleh and Pandley (2012) highlight, the safety feature chain identifies those who

contribute to accident prevention and system safety. It also emphasizes the agency's

influence and contribution to accident prevention and system safety maintenance. The
safety value chain involves operators, technicians, engineers, system designers, managers

and executives, shareholders, regulators, and others. It is also stated that managers'

support, empowerment, mentoring, and teamwork are approaches to develop safety

values. Framework provided by in safety-critical companies. Value-focused thinking aids

in understanding operator decisions

According to Colley and Neal (2012), Line managers must balance the

competing goals of productivity/efficiency and safety. Individual managers may

overemphasize productivity while underemphasizing safety features and characteristics if

a productivity schema is more salient and essential in their thinking. Information

delivered to employees that is conflicting with their previous schema may be difficult to

recall, given less attention, or simply ignored. When these factors are considered

together, it becomes critical to create and implement ways to reduce miscommunication

caused by mismatched safety schema.

According to Taylor & Francis, Oxon, (2005), Regulators employed the

"classical deterrence paradigm" to enforce occupational health and safety standards. It

had two components. The first was targeted deterrence, which attempted to deal with

specific offenders, while the second was general deterrence, which attempted to

discourage noncompliance among all offenders. The assumption behind this concept was

that if potential offenders could be identified on a regular basis, they would be less likely

to violate safety standards. According to this approach, punishment should be used as a

deterrent, with severity targeted to discourage non-offenders from becoming offenders.

 In the study of Barbera (2005), A portable electronic device contains a safety

mechanism that prevents at least some types of device operation when the user exceeds a

speed threshold. The gadget may detect its linear speed, compare it to a threshold, and

deliver a reaction or blocking function if the speed exceeds the threshold. In one example,

the device is a mobile phone that is programmed to stop voice and text transmission and

reception, conceal its display screen, and disable included games, cameras, internet

access, and so on if the cell phone is moving faster than walking speed. The insertion of

hands-free devices may partially override a cell phone's blocking capability. The addition

of a wireless earpiece and microphone

Usefulness

As stated by Fred Johnston (2018), Usefulness is a feedback loop: we are useful

as a result of our objectives and ambitions, but our usefulness is frequently a reward and

a purpose in and of itself. A well-executed activity, a helpful chat, or good labor done for

another human being provide immediate satisfaction. We are surrounded by families,

churches, and communities that are desperate for people to participate and contribute.

People who are useful are always in demand because they see needs around them and are

prepared to help. Being useful can be dangerous: the useful person does not often live a

life of relaxation and liberty because their community acknowledges and needs their

energy and talents.

J. Crew (2021), explained that we combine two qualitative measurements,

'Usability' and 'Utility,' to assess if a product is 'Useful.' Usability examines how easy and

pleasant a feature is to use, while 'Utility' measures its functionality. We investigate

usability and utility in five important categories. Learnability, efficiency, memorability,

errors, and satisfaction are all factors to consider.

To examine the concept further of usefulness, expert Robin Lowey (2022), want

to tell you a little more about a man, Mike. He was born on Halloween night in 1961,

with Down Syndrome. At the time, doctors estimated his life expectancy to be roughly

two years. He had never worked outside of a protected factory until he died thirty-eight

years later. He has no unique abilities, however they still have a hook rug that he

crocheted and donated to me. Nonetheless, no one who knew Mike did not respect their

relationship with him or value him in their lives when he died. His "usefulness," if you

can call it that, was just his existence among us. Mike was just Mike.

According to Robin Lowey & Associate (2021), The notion that we must be

productive or usefulness can be traced back to an old myth from our youth. This notion,

or "schema," arises innocently enough from parents, teachers, and anyone who push us to

contribute to whichever community we find ourselves in. However, the concept might

become so important in our brains that we begin to conceive of it as a part of our being,

as a part of our reality. You can, however, challenge this outdated paradigm. Consider a

dearly loved individual and the value you place on their presence in your life. Do you

value a service they provide, or do you simply adore them? Then consider how you can

truly contribute to well-being.

As indicated by Don Norman (2022), Usefulness is like a user experience as an

umbrella word that encompasses various elements. When working with user experience,

it's critical to understand what those areas are so you know how to best employ the tools
at your disposal. You will learn to recognize the overlaps and distinctions between many

professions and how to apply your previous talents to UX design. You'll be able to chart

your path into a profession in UX design after you grasp the lay of the land. You'll hear

from practicing UX designers from the IxDF community folks from a variety of

backgrounds who taught themselves design, learnt on the job, and have successful

careers.

In IDF courses (2016), It is incorrect and deceptive to suggest that usability is a

single, measurable construct; rather, usability comprises a wide range of unique factors

and aspects. 'Usefulness' is one of the dimensions. Jeff Rubin and Dana Chisnell

described usefulness in the Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and

Conduct Effective Tests as "...the degree to which a product helps a user to attain his or

her goals, and is an assessment of the user's willingness to use the product at all." Many

people, and rightfully so, regard usefulness to be the pinnacle of usability.

According to Julian (2022), When students work with historical sources, they

frequently become perplexed by the terms "usefulness" and "reliability." This

misunderstanding is caused by the fact that these words are frequently encountered next

to each other on test questions or in marking guides. Students frequently struggle with

these phrases because usefulness and dependability are both considered 'assessment'

skills. Evaluation necessitates a student's judgement regarding the worth of a certain

source, and usefulness and reliability are merely two ways of doing so.

In source criticism (2020), The usefulness of a source is a judgment about how

relevant or helpful it is in giving information about your topic. The utility of a source is
determined by the query asked of it. A source is regarded useful if it gives any

information about the specific topic you're researching. As an example If an exam

question asks, "How valuable or how useful is the source in understanding the outcome

of the war?" and the source explicitly declares, "Britain won the battle," we can conclude,

"the source is useful in understanding the outcome of the battle because it directly states,

"Britain won the battle."

Whitney Quesenbery (2004) says "The five E's of usefulness" are effectiveness,

efficiency, engagement, error tolerance, and ease of learning. This highlighted the demand

for an interface design that is simple to learn, remember, and operate, with minimal errors

for its presumed users and the responsibilities allocated to it by 2001. The concept of web

usefulness was defined as the user's experience when reading or engaging with a website.

According to Thomas S. Tullis, (2009), some of the myths about usefulness were

named the "Top Ten Myths about Usability." D. Gardner-Bonneau (2010), he discussed

the software system's potential to withstand changes in technical possibilities without

compromising usability effectiveness. and performed a presentation while explaining the

benefits and obstacles experienced by designers during website usability testing

Functionality

According to Bahari and Zakaria (2017), The degree to which a function

performs or does not perform its core functions is referred to as functional

appropriateness. It focuses on three forms of functional appropriateness. The first is

functional completeness, which is the extent to which the set of functions covers all of the

defined tasks and user objectives. Many users encounter unanticipated malfunctions,
unfriendly interfaces, and perplexing steps to complete even simple tasks. The majority

of the cases involved poor adjustments to the functionality's ease of use and usefulness.

For example, in the cloud service environment, due to its inadequate offering of

functionality service, many consumers' requirements cannot be met.

Salleh (2017), stated that functionality correctness is defined as the outcome's

concordance with the smallest error. With the rise of big data, the web, and cloud

computing, challenges with data process performance and accuracy have emerged as key

concerns in software functionality service. This problem arose when the software failed

to consistently produce right results or when the system failed to complete the work

correctly every time it was used. Alfaries, for example, addressed inaccurate results and

performance in the web environment, while Evangelidis discovered a higher frequency of

wrong data created in geospatial data. The same scenario occurred in the cloud

environment, where the retrieved data was analyzed and shared, and while it appears to

be in the correct format, it is not relevant to the search.

In Great Soviet (2010), Also known as functional microelectronics or molecular

electronics), a phrase used in scientific and technical publications to describe a

microelectronics trend. The problem of generating continuous mixed media with

predetermined attributes and producing various electronic devices through physical

integration is encompassed by functional electronics. Physical integration refers to the

use of physical principles and effects to create components that perform the functions of a

circuit or even a system, as opposed to technological integration, which is the fabrication

of integrated circuits based on functionally simple elements such as transistors, diodes, or

resistors.\
 According to Lars Daniel (2012), If there are any concerns about how a device

works according to its functionality, the only reliable source is the device's manufacturer.

The following wording discusses obtaining device-specific information from a

manufacturer. Historically, and more accurately, it is the combination of hardware or

servers, software, and managerial activities used to govern communications between

internal and external networks.

In the study of Orah Corporation regarding feature and functionality, Vincent

Paget (2017), the functionality of such features is how they actually work to provide you

with the desired result. For example, most boarding institutions want the option to tailor

leave types. In this situation, the feature is "custom leave kinds," while the functionality

is the process/level of customization. Some vendors may simply provide basic

customization choices, but others may include complex options such as assignments,

terms and conditions, workflows, and rules. When you begin to consider functionality,

you will be able to obtain a better knowledge of what the system can actually do rather

than what it claims to be able to do. This will put you in a better position to determine

which system will deliver the greatest value to you.

According to Niamh McNamara (2007) The researchers see functionality,

usability, and user experience as three areas of concern that reflect essential

characteristics of usage but are overlooked by standard techniques to evaluation. The

three aspects each represent a distinct but interrelated feature of usage, with each asking a

different question about usage in a different language of discourse. Some of the

difficulties that could be addressed in functionality include the utility of gadget features,

maintainability, and reliability. Usability is a user issue; hence the product must be tested
with real users. It is critical to recognize that each area of inquiry involves its own set of

procedures and assumptions, emphasizing the importance of selecting an acceptable

methodology while conducting an evaluation.

In the study of Lesley Chapel (2003), Structural functionalism, or simply

functionalism, is a theoretical paradigm that views society as a complex system whose

elements work together to produce solidarity and stability. This viewpoint was heavily

influenced by two theorists, Herbert Spencer and Robert Merton. Social structure, social

functions, apparent functions, and latent functions are key notions in functionalism. Let's

dig a little more into this viewpoint and look at some examples. The structural-functional

approach is a sociological perspective that sees society as a complex system whose pieces

work together to generate solidarity and stability. It states that our lives are driven by

social structures, which are relatively consistent patterns of social activity. Our lives are

shaped by social institutions, such as those found in families, communities, and religion.

According to Mark Osborne (2006), In terms of functionality, the function of the

phrase firewall refers to the bulkhead that is commonly seen in planes and ships between

the nasty, sparky, explosive engine and the wonderfully combustible crew. The firewall

protects the crew or employees from harm; thus, the parallel gives rise to the moniker for

network firewalls, which also protect us. Commercial firewalls (which are not fads; you

will need them when you begin to deploy security in the wild) include a plethora of

functions, but their primary function is to operate as a mechanism that allows only

approved (incoming and outgoing) traffic to flow through it. A strong, impermeable

gateway between internal and external networks that prevents illegal traffic from passing

through.
 According to JP Singh (2020), There has always been functional safety.

However, as more human-machine interactions occur and autonomous technology is

integrated into the machinery on our factory floors and automobiles, it has evolved into a

specific technological field and engineering discipline. Functional safety is concerned

with the safe operation of machinery and vehicles without endangering human life. When

you compare old vehicles and factories with enormous open (and deadly) lathe machines

to modern cars with automatic brakes, radars, and safety saws that shut down in

nanoseconds (if not picoseconds), it's evident that we've come a long way. As machines

and automobiles improve, so does the amount of functional safety complexity. The

production floor's autonomous robots are expected to function well.

In Telematics (2020), The concept of functional safety applies to every aspect of

daily life and every sector imaginable. In our vehicles, functional safety ensures that

airbags deploy only during a collision, not while driving. Furthermore, the fuel injector

system control guarantees that the car only accelerates when given a command. When

braking is required, the mechanism activates. Functional safety ensures the proper

operation of all automobile electronics, including control software, in a modern vehicle.

When you travel by train, functional safety ensures that the doors close before the train

begins moving and that they do not open while the train is going. You may have heard

that air travel is the safest means of transportation, and this is because the aviation sector

is so well-regulated

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 This chapter of the research design, subject of the study, population and sampling

techniques, data gathering procedure, supplies and materials, cost of production, tools

and equipment, construction procedure, try-outs and revisions, construction time frame,

research instrument, and statistical treatment.

Research Design

According to Miller (2017), development research has been defined as an

overview of methods and steps in the research process, from the initial concept to the

final written product, covering conceptual issues of experimental design, as well as the

procedural skills necessary to translate design into research. Incorporating new topics,

pedagogy, and references, this edition conveys an appreciation of the issues that must be

addressed, the decisions that must be made, and the obstacles that must be overcome at

every phase in a research project, capturing both the excitement and the challenge of

doing quality research on topics that matter.

The developmental research helps the researchers on the construction,

development and the evaluation of the AC/DC motor control trainer kit. It was used to

determine the level of capability of the AC/DC motor control trainer kit according to its

effectiveness, safety measures and maintenance as variable being considered and

manipulated.

Subject of the Study

High quality materials were used in doing the AC/DC motor control trainer kit.

The AC/DC motor control trainer kit is an additional training device to enhance skills of

the student in manipulating and handling troubleshooting problem. this project has been
developed for the students specially for those who are taking up electrical technology

courses.

Figure 1: AC/DC Motor Control Trainer Kit

Figure 2: Electric Motors

Figure 3: Wiring Connections of AC/DC Motor Control Trainer Kit

Trainer Kit
 Trainer kit allows students to learn by doing with a high emphasis on developing

their skills through the hands-on process. Program includes hands-on training, For the

engineering, maintenance, services, and technical fields.

Population and Sampling Technique

This study used random sampling technique in electrical student of LSPU.

The respondents had to answer certain criteria for the design project as provided by the

researchers. The researcher will utilize thirty- six (36) from the population of forty (40)

student, computed using the Slovin’s formula with a five percent (5%) margin of error.

Since it is a fairly small sample, random sampling will be used to select the participants.

Table 1. Frequency Distribution of the Population

Different courses related Electrical engineering
Electrical Engineering 20
industrial Engineering 20
20 Total 40
Data Gathering Procedure

To construct the desired design, the following data gathering procedures were

done by the researchers.

In this study the main instrument used in collecting data was questionnaire

checklist that was approved by the adviser in conducting surveys.

The researchers consulted different journals, encyclopedias, old and previous

thesis and from actual observations. Revisions of past studies, theories, principles and

other concept from different references and consultation also took part in creating the

idea of the study.

 Data gathering on the selected area of application of the design project is

necessary to know the possible capability and further innovation that can be added to the

device. The components of AC/DC motor control trainer kit also take into consideration

and all information obtained is processed carefully for the project Supplies and Materials

Supplies and Materials

Specifically, the researcher selects the following materials needed to develop

AC/DC motor control trainer kit. These supplies and materials are intelligently chosen to

ensure the quality of the AC/DC motor control trainer kit. A detailed list of the supplies

and materials is presented in the following table

Quantity Unit Description Unit Cost Total Price

1 1hp Electric motor

15 Meter Black wire #16 25 375
5 Meter Green wire#16 25 125
5 Meter Yellow wire #16 25 125
1 Piece Electrical tape 35 35
1 Pack Cable tie 95 95
3 Piece Terminal Block 12 pairs 85 255
2 Piece push button switch 149
1 Piece 3 phase circuit breaker 1500 1500
10 Piece Bolts & Nut 8mm 15 100
1 Piece angle bar (1/4+ 3/16) 420 420
1 Piece Anti-static Fiber glass (1/2) 300
20 Piece Metal Screw (1/4x1) 5 60
30 Piece banana jack 5
2 Piece Motor starter
2 Piece contactor
2 Piece Relay
 1 Piece Timer Relay
2 Piece Limit Switch
2 Piece Selector Switch
1 Piece Metal Base
Table 1. Supplies and Materials

Tools and Equipment

Table 2 shows the tools and equipment used in constructing the AC/DC motor control

trainer kit

An Electric Grinder was used to assemble the frame and foundation, a side cutting

plier was used to cut wires, a Meter tape measure was used to measure the length to be

cut for the project's frame, and an electric grinder was used to remove uneven surfaces,

hack saw was used for cutting small parts, socket wrench was used to tighten the bolts

and nuts, electric drill was used to bore holes in the frame, Philip-screwdriver was used

for tightening screws.

Tools USE
Side Cutting Plier It is used for cutting wires.
Meter tape measure It is used to measure the length to be cut for frame.
Electric Grinder It is used to remove uneven surfaces of the sheet metal.
Hack Saw It is used for cutting for the board.
Socket Wrench It is used to tightening the bolts and nuts.
Electric Drill It is used to bores holes in the metal plate.
Philip Screw Drive It is used for tightening screws.

Table 2. Tools and Equipment

Construction and Procedure

Flow Chart in preparing AC/DC motor control trainer kit

 Prepare the materials (breaker, motor starter, push button, AC-
DC converter, contactor relay, time, switch, wire, connector,
board)

Create a Board: trainer kit includes a metal base assembly,

steel support structure and enclosure, aluminum motor
mounting rails, and an applicable component. 

Create a Wiring:   All wiring is accomplished through

shielded banana-jack connections on the front panel face, rather
than directly to individual.

Try-out and Revision

During the testing, the following situations showed the outcomes that needed

some revisions in the development of the design project in order to attain a functional

system.

1. Change board design using anti-static flexi glass

2. Use banana jack instead of direct wiring to main socket of the component

3. Faulty wiring connection

4. Defective limit switch Replace a new limit switch

5. Defective contactor Replace for a new contactor.

Research Time Frame

Dates of Planning
October October 21 to October 25 to November November
 Activities 1-15 October 25 November 15 15-20 25

Defining the
Problem of the
research
Proceeding to
Research
Introduction up
to Chapter 2
Proceeding to
Chapter 3
Canvassing all
the materials
needed and
testing the
product
Research
defense

Cost of Production

Table shows the cost of production that the supplies and materials cost Php 26,242.00.

Transportation expenses cost Php 1,000 tot the canvassing and buying of all electrical

components that used for AC/DC motor control trainer kit vice versa, and labor cost was

Php 2,500 for making the frame.

Source Cost
1. Supplies and materials Php 26,242.00
2. Transportation Php. 1000.00
3. Labor cost Php 2500.00
 Research Instrument

The researchers used a questionnaire in conducting the survey that can

determine the level of acceptability of the device in terms of effectiveness,

maintenance and safety features to be able to have a systematic and clear

representation of the data and information gathered the weighted mean standard

deviation were used.

Rating Range Remarks Verbal Interpretation:

Table 7. Scale (5- point scale)

Scale Effectiveness Maintenance Safety Features 5 Strongly Agree Strongly Agree
Strongly Agree 4 Agree Agree Agree 3 Moderately Agree Moderately Agree
Moderately Agree 2 Disagree Disagree Disagree 1 Strongly disagree Strongly
disagree Strongly disagree

The questionnaire was composed of different questions and will be answered

by a 5-point scale shown in table 8. Scale (5) Strongly agree. (4) Agree (3)

Moderately Agree (2) Disagree (1) Strongly disagree. Statistical Treatment

In determining the acceptability of the device in terms of Maintenance, functionality,

usefulness and safety features of the project study entitled AC/DC motor control trainer kit,

weighted was used.

Formula of weighted mean.

Where:

x= weighted mean

fx= frequency
n= number of respondents
 LITERATURES & STUDIES CITED
An Overview of Software Functionality Service: A Systematic Literature Review.

(2017, January). ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322072677_An_Overview_of_Softw

are_Functionality_Service_A_Systematic_Literature_Review

Andersson, M. (2022, November 1). Maintenance according to European Standard.

MaintMaster. https://blog.maintmaster.com/blog/maintenance-european-

standard

BrainGu | Blog | The Importance of Usefulness in UX and UI. (2020, June 15).

BrainGu. https://www.braingu.com/blog/importance-of-usefulness-in-ux-and-

ui

Contributor, T. (2005, September 21). functionality. SearchAppArchitecture.

https://www.techtarget.com/searchapparchitecture/definition/functionality

Cram, N. (2004). regular motor maintenance to avoid failure and prolong its lifespan.

Electrical Engineering Portal.

https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/regular-motor-maintenance-to-avoid-

failure-and-prolong-its-lifespan

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