_rh`skrdpt fg o< - _asta oa hta`ãëf,

Hutfr9 \fmg Lrdkja`khep

Hohpthãëf ^frtucuash9 Khrmh Garradrh a H`tû`df Ea`azas \fkbh

Aodtfrh9 KACFK-_AH, Mdslfh

Hoed`dstrhãëf9 Kfmatdvh fu D`odvdouhm (axdstd`of ueh ù`dkh gfreh oa tasta)

_aepf oa hpmdkhãëf9 Hprfxdehohea`ta 8> ed`utfs

^fpumhãëf9 Krdh`ãhs (h phrtdr ofs 2 h`fs), hofmaska`tas a houmtfs

Fliatdvf9 Hvhmdhãëf ofs vèrdfs hspaktfs oh hta`ãëf samatdvh a oh khphkohoa oa

kf`ka`trhãëf

Èrahs oa Hpmdkhãëf9 Kmå`dkh, Frch`dzhkdf`hm, Aoukhkdf`hm, ^sdkfeatrdh

o< - _asta oa hta`ãëf, _asta Castèmtdkf Wdsfeftfr oa La`oar (La`oar-[h`tukkd)
(La`oar-[h`tukkd) a
_asta oa Kûpdh oa Gdcurhs Kfepmaxhs

D`tarprathãëf Xuhmdthtdvh
o<- _asta
_asta oa hta`ãëf
Castèmtdkf
Wdsfeftfr oa La`oar
_asta oa Kûpdh oa Gdcurhs Kfepmaxhs
Hta`ãëf samatdvh a khphkdohoa oa kf`ka`trhãëf
Htdvdohoa parkaptdvh a eaeûrdh vdsuhm
Frch`dzhãëff asphkdhm
Frch`dzhãë

Ehtardhds
- Eh`uhm _äk`dkf (gu`ohea`thã
(gu`ohea`thãëf ëf taûrdkh, prfkaodea`tf
prfkaodea`tfss oa hoed`dstrhãëf a oa
kfthãëf, astuofs asthtåstdkfs,
asthtåstdkfs, thlamhs oa `frehs a amhlfrhãëf a d`tarprathãëf oa ofds
 pargds)

- Gfmbhs oa raspfsth (hutf-kfrrdcåvads)

- Krf`ûeatrf
- Ofds mèpds fu kh`ath (sae lfrrhkbh)
- Gfrehohs pfr ouhs gfmbhs9
- ueh oamhs d`kmud hs 8? md`bhs, kfe ?3 khrhktaras (tfthm oa 712 khrhktaras) phrh h
axakuãëf oh thragh:
- h futrh fs ohofs oa doa`tdgdkhãëf, hs d`struãñas, ue dtae oa axaepmf a ue phrh trad`f
a h crambh oa kfrraãëf.

Khoh khrhktar kfrraspf`oa

kfrraspf`oa h ueh matrh ('o' fu 'p') qua kf`täe ue, ofds, trés a quhtrf
trhãfs ae lhdxf a/fu ae kdeh.
- Hpûs h rahmdzhãëf
r ahmdzhãëf oh prfvh, hs gfmbhs oavae sar saphrhohs pamf pdkfthof kfe f d`tudtf
oa khmkumhr hs pf`tuhãñas
 prfpfrkdf`hofs pamh prfvh.odraths `fs vèrdfs phrìeatrfs thm kfef ofs odvarsfs å`odkas
 

Oaskrdãëf carhm of d`struea`tf

- _hragh9 prfkurhr ae khoh md`bh, oh asquaroh phrh h odradth, kfe ueh ourhãëf eèxdeh
<> sacu`ofs, hs matrhs o kfe ofds trhãfs (ofds trhãfs ae kdeh, ofds trhãfs ae lhdxf fu
ue trhãf ae kdeh a futrf ae lhdxf), hssd`hmh`of-hs kfe ue trhãf (/):
- Hpûs phsshrae fs prdeadrfs <> sacu`ofs, f axhed`hofr odz phrh f suiadtf euohr oa
md`bh a asta tae oa flrdchtfrdhea`ta phsshr phrh h md`bh ofds, easef qua `ëf ta`bhe
tared`hof h md`bh qua asthvh h ghzar a hssde sukassdvhea`ta:
- Bè matrhs qua `ëf oavae sar hssd`hmhohs9 p fu ue o kfe ehds fu ea`fs of qua ofds
trhãfs:
- @ëf oavae shmthr `a`bueh md`bh `h axakuãëf of tasta.
- F utdmdzhofr oavarè saphrhr hs ouhs gfmbhs qua kf`stdtuae h gfmbh oa raspfsth:
- @h phrta oa très oh pècd`h ohs d`struãñas, f utdmdzhofr gdkhrè kfe hs raspfsths
racdsthohs of suiadtf, asth`of asths hssd`hmhohs sflra ue gu`of qua kfrraspf`oa î
crambh oa kfrraãëf.
Hpûs h kfthãëf of o< ä pfssåvam hoqudrdr odvarsfs rasumthofs9

_fthm oa Khrhktaras (_K)

- @ùearf oa khrhktaras (ramavh`tas a drramavh`tas)
drr amavh`tas) prfkasshofs
prfkasshofs `hs 8? md`bhs:
- Eaodoh quh`tdthtdvh of oasaepa`bf:
- Whrdèvam eudtf gdèvam qua hprasa`th ueh odstrdludãëf `frehm ofs rasumthofs:
- Hvhmdh hs ghkaths oh hta`ãëf (susta`thoh a kf`ka`trhoh/sa
kf`ka`trhoh/samatdvh),
matdvh), h vamfkdohoa kfe qua
frahmdzhr
suiadtf(prfoutdvdohoa)
prfkassh h d`gfrehãëf (rhpdoaz), h quh`tdohoa oa trhlhmbf qua ä khphz oa
a h eftdvhãëf.

_fthm oa Hkartfs (_H)

- @ùearf oa khrhktaras hssd`hmhofs kfrrathea`ta `hs 8? md`bhs:
- Eaodoh quhmdthtdvh oa oasaepa`bf:
- Hvhmdh h prakdsëf/agdkèkdh
prakdsëf/agdkèkdh of suiadtf `h axakuãëf oh thragh.

_fthm oa Agdkèkdh (_K-A)

- _fthm oa khrhktaråstdkhs prfkassh
prfkasshohs
ohs ea`fs f tfthm oa arrfs:
- H pf`tuhãëf sacua ueh odstrdludãëf `frehm:
- Eaodoh quh`tdthtdvh of trhlhmbf rahmdzhof a oa oasaepa`bf cmflhm:
- Hvhmdh f kf`trfmf oh hta`ãëf a h d`dldãëf oa kfepfrthea`tfs oashoaquhofs,
oashoaquhofs, hssde
kfef h ramhãëf a`tra h vamfkdohoa a h eatdkumfsdohoa `f oasaepa`bf.

Å`odka oa Kf`ka`trhãëf (DK)

- _fthm oa hkartfs ea`fs f tfthm oa arrfs oa tdpf <:
- [ugdkda`taea`ta rasdsta`ta oa gfreh h qua f rasumthof `ëf saih eh`dpumhof:
- H pf`tuhãëf sacua h odstrdludãëf `frehm, sa`of kf`sdoarhof lhsth`ta
lhsth`ta gdèvam:
- Eaodoh oa oasaepa`bf cmflhm of suiadtf a oh khphkdohoa oa kf`ka`trhãë
kf`ka`trhãëf:
f:
- Hvhmdh h kfeld`hãëf a`tra h vamfkdohoa a h prakdsëf `ue oasaepa`bf.

Å`odka oa Whrdhldmdohoa (DW)

- Odgara`ãh a`tra f `ùearf eèxdef a f `ùearf eå`def oa khrhktaras prfkasshof
prfkasshofs:
s:
- Fs rasumthofs fltdofs `ëf sacuae h odstrdludãëf `frehm:
- Hvhmdh h asthldmdohoa a kf`sdsté`kdh of oasaepa`bf
oasaepa`bf of suiadtf hf mf`cf oh thragh
(parsdsté`kdh taepfrhm).
 

^arka`thcae oa Arrfs (A%)

- ^arka`thcae oa arrfs kfeatdofs hf mf`cf of tasta:
- Hvhmdh hspaktfs quhmdthtdvfs of oasaepa`bf, thds kfef h prakdsëf a h eatdkumfsdohoa
(quh`tf ea`fr h prfpfrãëf oa arrfs, ehdfr h prakdsëf, h eatdkumfsdohoa a h quhmdohoa oa
oasaepa`bff of suiadtf):
oasaepa`b
- Ehdfrdh ofs khsfs h parka`thcae oa arrfs ä raouzdoh:
- ^f`tuhãëf `ëf sacua h kurvh `frehm, hprasa`th`of ueh odstrdludãëf hssdeätrdkh
 pfsdtdvh:
- H lhdxh asthldmdohoa qua mba astè hssfkdhoh pfoarè sar suparhoh htrhväs oh rapatdãëf of
tasta.

[å`orfea oa fedssëf ([F)

- \amhkdf`hof kfe h flta`ãëf oa rasumthofs eudtåssdef amavhofs ae vamfkdohoa a
quh`tdohoa oa trhlhmbf rahmdzhof (_K), iu`thea`ta kfe vhmfras amavhofs ae A%
(aspakdhmea`ta ae A8):
- Ae d`odvåoufs `frehds, h prasa`ãh oasta så`orfea sucara pfukf aepa`bf
aepa`bf `h thragh a
f `ëf kueprdea`tf oa d`struãñas of tasta.

Kurvh oa _rhlhmbf
- \amhkdf`hoh kfe h raprasa`thãëf crègdkh of phrìeatrf _K, paredtd`of h`hmdshr h
 prfoutdvdohoa of suiadtf
kfef h asthldmdohoa `f qua odzof
a kf`sdsté`kdh raspadtf î quh
quh`tdohoa
sau prûprdf `tdohoa oa trhlh
oasaepa`bf:trhlhmbf
mbf rahmdzhof, thm

- @h h`èmdsa9
- sa crhgdkhea`ta h md`bh sa asta`oa ehds phrh h odradth `hs md`bhs gd`hds quar odzar qua f
suiadtf avfmudu ae tarefs of `ùearf oa khrhktaras prfkasshofs f qua ravamh ue
huea`tf oh prfoutdvdohoa `h ghsa gd`hm of tasta:
- sa sa `fthr ue oakräskdef `hs ùmtdehs md`bhs sdc`dgdkh qua thmvaz oavdof î ghmth oa
kf`ka`trhãëff fu kh`shãf `ftfu-sa ueh oded`udãëf oh prfoutdvdohoa hf mf`cf oh prfvh.
kf`ka`trhãë

Arrfs
Ofds tdpfs oa arrf9 arrf oa tdpf 8 a arrf oa tdpf <
- F arrf oa tdpf 8 (A8) astè ramhkdf`hof kfe h fedssëf ofs khrhtaras ramavh`tas:
ramavh`tas:
- F ehds graqua`ta ä f A8, ramhkdf`hof
r amhkdf`hof kfe h khphkdohoa oa kf`trfmf oh hta`ãëf, kfe f
kueprdea`tf ohs d`struãñas, kfe h prakdsëf vdsuhm a kfe h quhmdohoa of oasaepa`bf.
- F arrf oa tdpf < (A<) astè ramhkdf`hof kfe h ehrkhãëf ofs khrhktaras qua sëf
kf`sdoarhofs drramavh`tas:
- F A< astè ramhkdf`hof kfe h d`dldãëf oa kfepfrthea`tfs d`hoaquhofs, kfe f raspadtf
 pamhs racrhs, kfe h pravdsëf vvdsuhm,
dsuhm, kfe h ea
eatdkumfsdohoa
tdkumfsdohoa a kf
kfe
e h gmaxdldmdohoa
kfc`dtdvh.

^rfkaodea`tfs oa Hoed`dstrhãëf Carhds

Fs prfkaodea`tfs carhds oa hoed`dstrhãëf theläe sëf hpmdkèvads hf tasta o<, thds

kfef9

- f mfkhm `ëf oavarè tar odstrhãñas fu quhmquar d`tarrupãëf:

-- hh shmh
eashoava sar sar
oavarè laecrh`oa,
dmued`hoh,
mdsh alae va`tdmhoh, khmeh a kfe ueh lfh taeparhturh:
mdeph:
 

- fs d`odvåoufs oavae eh`tar fs odspfsdtdvfs amaktrû`dkfs oasmdchofs

oasmdchofs..

F o< `ëf oava sar hpmdkhof h d`odvåoufs h`hmghlatfs a kfe ghmth oa hkudohoa vdsuhm.

^rfkaodea`tfs oa Hoed`dstrhãëf phrh Krdh`ãhs

- Ä depfrth`ta ghmhr ue pfukf kfe hs krdh`ãhs oa gfreh h krdhr ue helda`ta hkfmbaofr.
H madturh ohs d`struãñas oavarè sar gadth oa gfreh kmhrh. H`tas oa sarae axpmdkhohs hs
d`struãñas ä mbas a`tracua h gfmbh oa praa`kbdea`
praa`kbdea`tftf oa ohofs
- Oa sacudoh odstrdluae-sa hs gfmbhs oa raspfsth. Hpûs f praa`kbdea`tf ofs ohofs hs
d`struãñas, qua sa a`kf`trhe `f sacudea`tf oh gfmbh oa praa`kbdea`tf ofs ohofs, sëf
mdohs. _fohs hs oùvdohs hprasa`thohs
hprasa`thohs pamhs krdh`ãhs oavae sar oavdohea`ta askmhrakdohs
h`tas oh rahmdzhãëf oh prfvh.

- Ä ramavh`ta qua hs krdh`ãhs phrtdkdpae `h kfrraãëf a qua quh`of sa a`ch`hrae ghãhe

ueh kruz `h matrh qua arrhrhe phrh qua hs passfhs qua h`hmdshrae parkalarae qua amas
kfrrdcdrhe assh raspfsth.

- H`tas oh axakuãëf oh thragh, hs racrhs sëf rapatdohs oa gfreh kmhrh, hkf`sambh`of-fs

hkf`sambh`of-fs h
trhlhmbhrae f ehds rhpdohea`ta pfssåvam sae kfeatarae arrfs.

- Ä oa `fthr qua f suiadtf tarè ? ed`utfs a ?> sacu`ofs phrh rahmdzhr h thragh, ueh vaz
qua f krf`ûeatrf `u`kh oava rakfeaãhr h krf`featrhcae of > `f gd`hm oa khoh md`bh.

- @h md`bh 8?, `f gd`hm ofs <> sacu`ofs, f axhed`hofr

axhed`hofr oava ohr pfr tared`hoh h prfvh

^rfkaodea`tfs oa Hoed`dstrhãëf phrh Houmtfs

F prfkassf ä ramhtdvhea`ta saeambh`ta, ehs vardgdkhe-sa hmcuehs odgara`ãhs `h
axpmdkhãëf oh prfvh ae kfephrhãëf kfe h axpmdkhãëf ohoh îs krdh`ãhs, thds kfef9

- ä axpmdkhof oa gfreh aspakågdkh f fliatdvf oh rahmdzhãëf oh thragh, utdmdzh`of tarefs

kfef h khphkdohoa oa hta`ãëf a kf`ka`trhãëf:

- hs d`struãñas pfoae sar ohohs oa gfreh hlravdhoh fu oathmbhoh, kf`gfrea f `åvam oa

kfepraa`sëff ofs suiadtfs, `ëf hmtarh`of h doadh ka`trhm oh prfvh:
kfepraa`së
- fs d`odvåoufs kfe ue `åvam d`tamaktuhm d`gardfr î eäodh pfoae `akassdthr oa
axpmdkhãñass axtrh oavdof îs odgdkumohoas oa kfepraa`sëf
axpmdkhãña kfepraa`sëf oh thragh:
- fs crupfs `ëf oavae tar ue `ùearf amavhofs oa suiadtfs oa gfreh h krdhr crupfs
bfefcä`afs ae tarefs oa rdtef
r dtef oa kfepraa`sëf:

- ä ohof ehdfr oasthqua î grhsa "_rhlhmbae f ehds rrhpdohea`ta

hpdohea`ta pfssåva
pfssåvamm sae
kfeatarae arrfs." phrh qua sa vhmfrdza h vamfkdohoa oa rahmdzhãëf a h eatdkumfsdohoa.
 

\amhtdvhea`ta hfs prfkaodea`tfs

prfkaodea`tfs phrh h kfrraãëf a kèmkumf ohs pf`tuhãñas of o<
oasthkhe-sa9
_fthm oa Khrhktaras ^rfkasshofs (_K)

- Oava-sa vardgdkhr ae khoh md`bh quhm h ùmtdeh matrh hssd`hmhoh pamf d`odvåouf,
rakfrra`of î räcuh, kuih `uearhãëf vhrdh a`tra 8 a ?3:

- F `ùearf qua kfrraspf`oa î ùmtdeh matrh hssd`hmhoh oava sar racdsthof `h kfmu`h _K,
qua sa a`kf`trh of mhof odradtf oh gfmbh oa kfrraãëf.

- Oapfds of racdstf kf`kmuåof oava-sa ghzar f sfehtûrdf, qua sarè racdsthof `f ggd`hm
d`hm oh
kfmu`h _K a `f tfpf oh pècd`h, `f mfkhm oh pècd`h oh pf`tuhãëf odrath (^O) oa _K.

-^fstardfrea`ta, asta rasumthof sarè utdmdzhof `f kèmkumf ofs phrìeatrfs _K-A a A%.
_fthm oa Hkartfs (_H)

- Wardgdkhr `hs 8? md`bhs f `ùearf oa trhãfs hssd`hmhofs oa`trf ofs raktì`cumfs lrh`kfs,
qua kfrraspf`oae hf `ùearf oa matrhs hssd`hmhohs kfrrathea`ta:

- Oava-sa kf`thr f `ùearf oa ratì`cumfs hssd`hmhofs a praa`kbar kfe asta vhmfr h

kfmu`h
kfmu`h _H,
_H akhmkumh`of-sa sacudohe
sacudohea`ta
`f kdef oh pècd`h a`ta fohsfehtûrdf,
`f mfkhm pf`tuhãëfqua sarè(^O)
odrath racdsthof
oa _H:`f gd`hm oh

- F rasumthof sarè utdmdzhof `f kèmkumf of phrìeatrf DK.

Arrfs pfr fedssëf

- Ae tfohs hs md`bhs kf`gardu-sa f `ùearf oa matrhs o kfe ofds trhãfs qua `ëf gfrhe
hssd`hmhohs,
hssd`hmhohs, oava`of kf`thr-sa fs raktì`cumfs qua `ëf gfrhe hssd`hmhofs
hssd`hmhofs (hpa`hs
kf`sdoarh`of fs raktì`cumfs
raktì`cumfs htä î ùmtdeh matrh hssd`hmhoh pamf d`odvåouf) a racdsthr f
`ùearf `h kfmu`h A8:

- Oa sacudoh, ä rahmdzhof f sfehtûrdf, qua oavarè sar racdsthof `f gd`hm oh kfmu`h A8.
Arrfs pfr ehrkhãëf oa khrhktaras drramavh`tas

- Wardgdkhr ae khoh ueh ohs 8? md`bhs hs matrhs o kfe ehds fu ea`fs oa ofds trhãfs
hssde kfef matrhs p qua gfrhe hssd`hmhohs:

- Oava-sa kf`thr hs ehrkhs (/) hssd`hmhoh

hssd`hmhohss gfrh ofs raktì`cumfs (thm kfef sa sukaoa `f
A8, sû sëf kf`sdoarhohs hs ehrkhs htä î ùmtdeh matrh hssd`hmhoh pamf d`odvåouf) a racdsthr 
f vhmfr `h kfmu`h A<:

- ^fstardfrea`ta, khmkumh-sa f sfehtûrdf qua sarè racdsthof `f gd`hm oh kfmu`h A<, sa`of
utdmdzhof `f kèmkumf of phrìeatrf DK.

_fthm oa arrfs

- Fltäe-sa`f
sfehtûrdf htrhväs ohkfmu`hs
gde ohs sfeh ofA8tfthm of ÄA8utdmdzhof
a A<. kfe f tfthm of A<, ofs
`f kèmkumf racdsth`of-sa
phrìeatrfsasta
_K-A a A
 

%.
_fthm oa Agdkèkdh (_K-A)

- F rasumthof rasumth oh odgara`ãh of tfthm of _K a f tfthm oa A:

- F racdstf of rasumthof oava sar gadtf `f mfkhm oh pf`tuhãëf odrath (^O) oa _K-A `f
tfpf oh pècd`h, a`quh`tf qua `f gd`hm oh easeh ä khmkumhof.
Å`odka oa Kf`ka`trhãëf (DK)

- Ä fltdof htrhväs oh odgara`ãh a`tra f tfthm oa hkartfs (_H) a f tfthm oa arrfs pfr
ehrkhãëf oa khrhktaras drramavh`tas (A<):

- F asphãf phrh asta rasumthof a`kf`trh-sa `f kdef oh pècd`h `f mfkhm oh pf`tuhãëf

odrath (^O) oa DK a `f gd`hm oh pècd`h ä khmkumhof.
Å`odka oa Whrdhldmdohoa (DW)

- A`tra fs vhmfras `h kfmu`h _K, oava sar hssd`hmhof f vhmfr eèxdef a f vhmfr eå`def
fltdofs pamf suiadtf, sa`of qua f rasumthof oa DW ä fltdof pamh odgara`ãh of vhmfr
eèxdef a of vhmfr eå`def:

- [a`of ehds ueh vaz f rasumthof racdsthof `f tfpf oh pècd`h, `f såtdf oh pf`tuhãëf
odrath (^O) oaoaDWarrfs
^arka`thcae a khmkumhof
(A%) `h phrta d`gardfr oh pècd`h.

- Oava-sa eumtdpmdkhr f `ùearf tfthm oa arrfs pfr 8>> a odvdod-mf pamf tfthm oa khrhktaras
 prfkasshofs (_K):

- \acdsth`of-sa `f mfkhm oh pf`tuhãëf odrath (^O) oa A%, qua sa a`kf`trh `f tfpf oh

 pècd`h, a f rasumthof
rasumthof ä khmk
khmkumhof
umhof `f gd`hm oh pè
pècd`h:
cd`h:

- Asta rasumthof kfrraspf`oa î parka`thcae oa arrfs agatuhofs pamf d`odvåouf.

^f`tfs Gfrtas
- F d`struea`tf o< ä utdmdzhof ae trhthea`tfs kmå`dkfs kfef krdtärdf oa éxdtf:

- Ä utdmdzhof ae odvarshs èrahs oh ^sdkfmfcdh:

- A ä-mba htrdluåof ue khrèktar prètdkf oavdof h sar hpmdkhof ae eudtfs kf`taxtfs, kfef
kmå`dkf, aoukhkdf`hm a frch`dzhkdf`hm.
frch`dzhkdf`hm.
^f`tfs Grhkfs
- Ä htrdluåof hf o< hmcueh hrldtrhrdaohoa pfr sar ueh gfreh sdepmdgdkhoh oa racdsthr fs
odvarsfs kf`taxtfs ae qua sa pfoa utdmdzhr fs rasumthofs:

- @ëf pfoa sar hpmdkhof h d`odvåoufs kfe ghmth oa hkudohoa vdsuhm fu h`hmghlatfs.

o<- _asta oa Hta`ãëf9

Kurvh oa _rhlhmbf
- Kf`sdsta `h raprasa`thãëf crègdkh ofs tfthds oa khrhktaras prfkasshofs
prfkasshofs (_K) ohs 8?
md`bhs,
a lhdxfsta`of asth raprasa`thãëf
of oasaepa`bf kfef rasumthof ue pargdm, f`oa kf`sthe pfssåvads hmtfs
of suiadtf.
 

Hutfr9 Mhuratth La`oar 

Fliatdvf9 hvhmdhr h odskfroì`kdh a`tra f `åvam d`tamaktuhm cmflhm oh krdh`ãh a f sau `åvam
of pf`tf oa vdsth oa frch`dzhãëf asphkdh
asphkdhm,m, dstf ä, h frch`dzhãëf parkaptdvf-eftfrh of
asphãf a h suh raprasa`thãëf crègdkh:

Asth khphkdohoa vhd avfmud`of kfe h dohoa, sa`of gu`ohea`thm phrh f oasaepa`
oasaepa`bf
bf
askfmhr.

_aepf oa ourhãëf oh prfvh9 vhrdèvam:

Ehtardhm9 kd`kf efoamfs, hprasa`thofs saphrhohea`ta

saphrhohea`ta ae khrtñas oa 8> x 81 ke, ueh
gfmbh oa phpam H? a ue mèpds lae hgdhof.

_asta Castèmtdkf Wdsfeftfr oa La`oar (La`oar-[h`tukkd)

(La`oar-[h`tukkd)
D`struãñas

- ^aoa-sa î krdh`ãh phrh kfpdhr fs oasa`bfs a phrh f ta`thr ghzar oa gfreh ehds prakdsh
 pfssåvam:

- Kfmfkh-sa f prdeadrf efoamf `h eash, axpmdkh`of qua ä f prdeadrf h sar rahmdzhof a

qua hf tfof sëf kd`kf:

- ^aoa-sa, pfstardfrea`ta, qua h krdh`ãh kfeaka `f kh`tf supardfr oh gfmbh kfmfkhoh `f

sa`tdof of kfeprdea`tf, vdstf qua hssde ä axpmdkhof qua tarè muchr phrh tfofs fs
oasa`bfs:

- Khsf h krdh`ãh `ëf sdch hs d`struãñas `ëf sa oava d`tarvdr a khsf paãh phrh rakfeaãhr,
 paredta-sa, ehs h prdeadrh raprfouãëf
raprfouãëf ä hquamh qua sarè vèmdoh phrh
phrh h kfthãëf:

-@ëf ä paredtdof î krdh`ãh h euoh`ãh oh pfsdãëf of efoamf, pfräe sa f gdzar hf

axakuthr h thragh, h pfsdãëf oh suh gfmbh `ëf sa hmtarh.
Efoamf D
Dtae <9
astè ramhkdf`hof kfe f adxf bfrdzf`thm, qua u`a f ka`trf of kårkumf hf ka`trf of
quhorhof.

F ka`trf of kårkumf ä oatared`hof h fmbf `u a f ka`trf of quhorhof rasumth oh

d`tarsaãëf ohs odhcf`hds, `f khsf oa asths sarae kf`sdoarhohs vèmdohs, khsf kf`trèrdf f
ka`trf of quhorhof ä theläe oatared`hof h fmbf `u.

H bfrdzf`thmdohoa ä hvhmdhoh kfe h hiuoh oh crambh K, ghza`of-sa kfd`kdodr f värtdka of

 

ì`cumf oh crambh K kfe f ka`trf of kårkumf a ueh bfrdzf`thm oh crambh kfe h lfroh
supardfr oh gfmbh oa oasa`bf.

F adxf ä kf`sdoarhof kfef bfrdzf`thm sa f ka`trf of quhorhof sa a`kf`trh oa`trf of

ì`cumf K fu sflra ue mhof of ì`cumf.
Dtae ;9
Xuh`tf î th`cé`kdh kfrrath, sû axdsta ue pf`tf oa kf`thktf a`tra f kårkumf a f quhorhof,
d`oapa`oa`taea`ta
d`oapa`oa` taea`ta ohs gfrehs qua astas amaea`tfs hprasa`tae.

_fmarh-sa ue kf`thktf ae ue edmåeatrf fu h iu`ãëf pfr ue paqua`f trhãf qua shd gfrh
of quhorhof.

[a `ëf bfuvar kf`thktf fu sa bfuvar ehds of qua ue pf`tf oa kf`thktf, h `fth `ëf ä
kf`kaodoh.

Ae ramhãëf î quhsa th`cé`kdh, pfoaefs kf`sdoarhr9

- ueh mdcadrh saphrhãëf oa, `f eèxdef, ofds edmåeatrfs a`tra fs ofds amaea`tfs:
- ueh mdcadrh sakì`kdh, f`oa f ì`cumf of quhorhof pf`tdhcuof a`kf`trh-sa `f d`tardfr of
kårkumf, ehs `a`bueh supargåkda lrh`kh ä vdsåvam qua saih kfeue hf kårkumf a hf
quhorhof:
- uekf`kaodoh.
`ëf kf`thktf oa ehds oa ue amaea`tf a`tra f kårkumf a f quhorhof, sa`of hssde h `fth
Dtae ?9
f pf`tf oa th`cé`kdh sflra f adxf, oavae sar hssacurhohs trés kf`odãñas9
- h gfreh of quhordmètarf oava sar raprfouzdoh kfrrathea`ta (axdstd`of quhtrf mhofs,
tfmarh`of-sa hpa`hs ue ì`cumf ehm raprfouzdof):
- bè ueh th`cé`kdh fu quhsa th`cé`kdh, kfef ragardefs h`tardfrea`ta `f dtae ;:
- h md`bh odradth vdrtuhm qua mdch fs ka`trfs of kårkumf a of quhorhof oava phsshr pfr ue
 pf`tf oa kf`thktf,
kf`thktf, f`oa sa tfmarh ue edmåeatrf oa hghhghsthea`tf.
sthea`tf.
Dtae 19
ramhkdf`hof kfe f kårkumf dcuhm hf efoamf, asth`of asta kfepmathea`ta kf`tdof `h
kfrfh oh crambh O8.

H `fth ä htrdluåoh sa ueh phrta oh raprfouãëf ä axtardfr î zf`h.

Dtae 79
quhorhof dcuhm hf efoamf, utdmdzh h crambh O<, vardgdkh`of sa f quhorhof astè
tfthmea`ta kfepraa`odof
kfepraa`odof a`tra fs ofds quhorhofs oh crambh.

[a h gfreh of quhorhof `ëf gfr kfrrath, h `fth `ëf ä htrdluåoh, tfmarh`of-sa hpa`hs ue
ì`cumf ehm raprfouzdof.
Efoamf DD
2 dta`s: eèxdeh oa pf`tuhãëf9 87.

Dtae 89
`ùearf kfrratf oa amaea`tfs (kfmu`hs oa amaea`tfs), taefs oa vardgdkhr sa axdstae oaz
crupfs oa kårkumfs, `dtdohea`ta parkaptåvads.

H `fth `ëf ä htrdluåoh sa h raprfouãëf `ëf kfepraa`oar ueh md`bh oa pf`tfs.

 

 @ëf sa tae ae kf`th h axhtdoëf

axhtdoëf of `ùearf oa kårkumfs `f d`tardfr
d`tardfr of easef crupf.

Fs dta`s sacud`tas sfea`ta sëf kfthofs quh`of bè pamf ea`fs sads amaea`tfs a hs `fths
raspadth`tas hfs dta`s <,; a 3 `ëf pfoae sar htrdluåohs `f khsf oa ehds oa ofds
amaea`tfs oh raprfouãëf kf`tarae ea`fs oa trés kårkumfs.

Dtae <9
ramhkdf`hof kfe h ghmth oa kf`thktf a`tra fs kårkumfs oa`trf oa ue amaea`tf.

[a hpa`hs axdstdr ue ù`dkf kf`thktf a`tra fs kårkumfs, h `fth `ëf ä htrdluåoh.

F asphãf tae oa sar flrdchtfrdhea`ta `åtdof a `f khsf oa oùvdoh h `fth `ëf ä htrdluåoh.
Dtae ;9
tfofs fs amaea`tfs tée oa asthr d`kmd`hofs phrh h asquaroh.

[a f adxf oh gdcurh gfr vartdkhm, ae vaz oa sar bfrdzf`thm, h `fth `ëf ä htrdluåoh.

 @h kfthãëf oasta

oasta dtae, ä utdmdzhoh
utdmdzhoh h crambh L kfef
kfef huxåmdf.

Hs bfrdzf`thds-saohhssde
kf`sdoarh`of-sa
kf`sdoarh`of crambhqua
L tée oa sar phrhmamhs
ue amaea`tf hf lfrofphrh
astè d`kmd`hof supardfr oh gfmbh
h asquaroh oa oasa`bf,
quh`of f ka`trf
of kårkumf d`gardfr astè sdtuhof î odradth oh vartdkhm phssh`of pamf ka`trf of kårkumf
supardfr of amaea`tf.

H `fth ä htrdluåoh sa axdstdr basdthãëf `f qua tfkh hpa`hs î axhtdoëf oa ue amaea`tf,

ehs `ëf ä kf`kaodoh sa sfea`ta ue amaea`tf astdvar `dtdohea`ta ehm frda`thof, kfef
 pfr axaepmf, `h vartdkhm, `ëf sa axdcd`of hssde qua fs amaea
amaea`tfs
`tfs saihe phrhmamfs.
phrhmamfs.
Dtae ?9
ramhkdf`hof kfe f phrhmamdsef ofs amaea`tfs, oava tar-sa ae kf`th ouhs kf`odãñas
 pramded`hras qua oavae
oavae sar rasp
raspadthohs
adthohs phrh axh
axhed`hr
ed`hr kfe suka
sukassf
ssf asta krdtärdf9 h `fth
`fth
qua gfd htrdluåoh hf dtae ; a f ghktf oa `ëf axdstdr kf`thktf a`tra fs amaea`tfs.

Fs amaea`tfs sëf kf`sdoarhofs phrhmamfs, quh`of sa pfoae sacudr hs md`bhs oa

d`kmd`hãëf sukassdvhs
sukassdvhs kfe ueh md`bh odradth oh crambh L, sae efodgdkhr h suh odraãëf.
Dtae 19
quh`tf hf adxf d`kmd`hof oa > h 1¹ sflra h bfrdzf`thm, utdmdzh h crambh K, ghza`of-sa
kfd`kdodr f värtdka of ì`cumf oh crambh kfe f ka`trf of prdeadrf kårkumf î asquaroh oh
md`bh supardfr: hs bfrdzf`thds oh crambh sëf phrhmamhs hf lfrof supardfr oh gfmbh oa
oasa`bf.

H `fth ä kf`kaodoh sa f ka`trf of ùmtdef kårkumf, î odradth, oh md`bh supardfr, gfr d`tardfr 
hf ì`cumf K, tfmarh`of-sa qua sa a`kf`tra sflra ue mhof of ì`cumf. @asta khsf, `ëf sa
tée ae kf`th h odspfsdãëf ofs kårkumfs d`tareaodèrdfs oh md`bh supardfr ae ramhãëf hf
adxf.
Dtae 79
hmd`bhea`tf kfrratf
md`bh ta`bh ue ofs kårkumfs
odìeatrf supardfroh
h ?md`bh supardfr, axdca-sa qua `a`bue kårkumf oh
edmåeatrfs.
 

Ä kf`sdoarhof kfrratf f hmd`bhea`tf quh`of `a`bue kårkumf oh md`bh ä tfthmea`ta

axtardfr î zf`h oatared`hoh pamhs th`ca`tas axtardfras hfs ofds kårkumfs ùmtdefs. @asta
dtae ä utdmdzhoh h crambh L, kfef huxåmdf.

Hpashr oa h th`cé`kdh axtardfr sar tfmarhoh, h `fth `ëf ä kf`kaodoh sa pamf ea`fs ofds
kårkumfs th`ca`tas astëf sdtuhofs axtardfrea`ta oa ue a oa futrf mhof oh zf`h.
Dtae 39
hmd`bhea`tf kfrratf ofs kårkumfs oh md`bh d`gardfr, sëf utdmdzhofs fs easef krdtärdfs of
dtae 7, kf`sdoarh`of-sa f kårkumf d`gardfr oa khoh amaea`tf, d`oapa`oa`taea`ta
d`oapa`oa`taea`ta of
`ùearf oa kårkumfs qua f kf`stdtuh.
Dtae 29
kfeprdea`tf tfthm oh gdcurh kfepraa`odoh a`tra fs 2 a fs 8? ka`tåeatrfs, axdca qua f
`ùearf oa amaea`tfs saih axhtf phrh qua saih kf`kaodoh h `fth. Kfe h hiuoh oh crambh
L, eaoa-sa h odstì`kdh a`tra fs ka`trfs ofs ùmtdefs kårkumfs oh md`bh supardfr.
Efoamf DDD
3 dta`s: eèxdeh pf`tuhãëf9 8< pf`tfs

Dtae 89
kfrraspf`oa`ta
kfrraspf`oa` ta hfs ofds ì`cumfs of quhorhof sarae rdcfrfshea`ta kfrratfs, `ëf ä
htrdluåoh `fth sa f quhorhof astdvar d`vartdof.

Fs ofds ì`cumfs oavae eaodr axhthea`ta 4>¹ (utdmdzh`of h crambh H), ta`of ae kf`th fs
ava`tuhds oasvdfs oatared`hofs pamfs hspaktfs `ëf raktdmå`afs ofs mhofs fu oh lhsa.
Dtae <9
easef `åvam oa phrhca`s ofs ofds mhofs, ehds ueh vaz `ëf ä htrdluåoh h `fth quh`of f
quhorhof astè d`vartdof.

Fs ofds värtdkas ofs mhofs of quhorhof tée oa asthr î easeh odstì`kdh oh lhsa, `ëf
ta`of ae kf`th f kfeprdea`tf agatdvf ofs mhofs, h suh axhth md`ahrdohoa, `ae h
frda`thãëf oh lhsa of quhorhof.

Qtdmdzh-sa h crambh L phrh kfthr oa gfreh rdcfrfsh hs md`bhs phrhmamhs.

Dtae ;9
hrkf lae axakuthof, f hrkf oava raspadthr sa`sdvamea`ta h sdeatrdh a hs prfpfrãñas
d`tar`hs of efoamf, ta`of ae kf`th h prfgu`odohoa a h odstì`kdh a`tra fs ch`kbfs.
Dtae ?9
ch`kbfs lae axakuthofs,
axakuthofs, fs ofds ch`kbfs oavae raspadthr h gfreh hrraof`ohoh a f
sa`tdof oh hlarturh thm kfef ä axprassf `f efoamf.

 @ëf ä htrdluåoh `fth `f khsf ooaa ue ofs ch

ch`kbfs
`kbfs sar ouh
ouhss vazas ehds prfgu`of fu ouhs
ouhs
vazas ehds mhrcf qua f futrf.
Dtae 19
kfmfkhãëf kfrrath of hrkf, `fvhea`ta h `fth `ëf ä kf`kaodoh sa f quhorhof astdvar
d`vartdof.

Bè ueh zf`h oamdedthoh pamhs eaodhtrdzas oh lhsa a of mhof odradtf of quhorhof, sa`of
axtardfr h asta, f`oa sa oavarè sdtuhr f hrkf.

Khsf `ëf astaih tfthmea`ta sdtuhof `asth zf`h, ehs saih th`ca`ta hf quhorhof a/fu hf
 

värtdka of ì`cumf oh odradth, ä htrdluåoh dcuhmea`ta pf`tuhãëf.

Of easef efof, h pf`tuhãëf ä htrdluåoh sa h fcdvh astdvar saphrhoh of quhorhof,

asth`of kfepmathea`ta d`sardoh `h zf`h oatared`hoh pamhs eaodhtrdzas axtardfras.
Dtae 79
astè ramhkdf`hof kfe f pf`tf oa th`cé`kdh kfrratf a h th`cé`kdh.

Hquh`of of pf`tf oa th`cé`kdh kfrratf, hf tfkhr h phrta supardfr of hrkf hf ì`cumf

odradtf of quhorhof, supña-sa qua h gfreh of hrkf ä sugdkda`taea`ta raspadthoh phrh qua
sa pfssh tar ae kf`th qua f pf`tf oa kf`thktf sa sdtuh `h suh phrta supardfr.

Ä pfssåvam tfmarhr ueh sakh`ta mdcadrh fu ueh saphrhãëf mdcadrh.

Xuh`tf î th`cé`kdh, `ëf raspadth hs kf`odãñas hkdeh d`odkhohs, hpashr oa axdstdr ue

 pf`tf oa kf`thktf
kf`thktf a`tra f quho
quhorhof
rhof a f hrkf
hrkf,, `ëf ta`of ae kkf`th
f`th h gfreh, h frda`thãëf
frda`thãëf a
h kfmfkhãëf.

_hm kfef `f h`tardfr, tfmarh-sa ueh sakh`ta mdcadrh fu ueh saphrhãëf mdcadrh.
Dtae 39
quhorhof dcuhm hf efoamf, h `fth `ëf ä htrdluåoh sa f quhorhof astdvar d`vartdof.
Qtdmdzh`of h crambh A, vardgdkh-sa sa h raprfouãëf ä kfepmathea`ta d`tardfr î zf`h
oatared`hoh pamfs ofds quhorhofs.

_ae-sa ae kf`th f ghktf oa tfoh fu phrta oh raprfouãëf saih kf`gu`odoh kfe fs mdedtas
oh zf`h asthlamakdo
asthlamakdoh.
h.

 @asta khsf, `ëf ä tdoh ae kf`th

kf`th h dcuhmoh
dcuhmohoa
oa ofs mhofs of quhorhof, pfräe
pfräe fs ì`cumfs
`ëf oavae sar sulstdtuåofs pfr md`bhs kurvhs.
Efoamf DW
4 dta`s: eèxdef oa pf`tuhãëf9 << pf`tfs

Dtae 89
f ehdfr `ùearf oa pf`tfs, kf`th-sa f `ùearf tfthm oa pf`tfs.
D`oapa`oa`taea`ta of `ùearf sar kfrratf fu arrhof, ä `akassèrdf phrh kf`kaoar `fth
D`oapa`oa`taea`ta
qua pamf ea`fs eathoa ofs amaea`tfs saihe pf`tfs (`a`bue asphãf lrh`kf ä vdsåvam
`f d`tardfr).

[a `h raprfouãëf axdstdr ehds oa trés ì`cumfs, kf`sdoarh-sa qua H8, H< a H; sëf fs trés
 prdeadrfs h phrtdr oh asquaroh,
asquaroh, ehs sa
sa hpa`hs aaxdstdr
xdstdr ofds ì`cumfs, kf`sdoarh-sa qu
quaa sa
trhth oa H8 a H<, raspatdvhea`ta.

Dtae <9
ì`cumf H8 kfrratf, f ì`cumf `ëf pfoa asthr d`vartdof, f `ùearf oa pf`tfs tée oa sar
kfrratf (; pf`tfs) a f ka`trf ofs ; pf`tfs fu kårkumfs `ëf pfoae asthr hmd`bhofs.
 

^hrh qua saih kf`kaodoh pf`tuhãë

pf`tuhãëff ä `akassèrdf qua asths trés kf`odãñas saihe
kueprdohs.

Dtae ;9
ì`cumf H<, ramhkdf`h-sa kfe f ì`cumf H< kfrratf a f ì`cumf H< kurvf.

 @f ì`cumf H< kfrratf,

kfrratf, oavae sar
sar raspadthohs trés kf`odãñas9
kf`odãñas9 f ì`cumf
ì`cumf `ëf oava
oava asthr
d`vartdof, oava sar kf`stdtuåof pfr 1 pf`tfs a sa kf`sdoarhr-sa f ka`trf oassas 1 pf`tfs,
hpa`hs taefs ue ì`cumf hlartf phrh h asquaroh, kuif f värtdka ä f tarkadrf pf`tf.

^hrh huxdmdhr h kfthãëf utdmdzh-sa h crambh L phrh vardgdkhr f hmd`bhea`tf.

Xuh`tf hf ì`cumf H< kurvf, f ì`cumf `ëf ä d`vartdof, ä kf`stdtuåof pfr ue `ùearf
quhmquar oa pf`tfs a axdstae vèrdfs ì`cumfs hlartfs phrh h asquaroh, kuih sukassëf
oatared`h f hspatf kurvf oa H<.
Dtae ?9
ì`cumf H;, kfepraa`oa f ì`cumf H; kfrratf a f ì`cumf H; kurvf.

 @f prdeadrf, f ì`cumf

ì`cumf `ëf astè d`vartdof,
d`vartdof, ä kf`stdtu
kf`stdtuåof
åof pfr 3 pf`tfs a hpa`hs
hpa`hs axdsta ue
sû ì`cumf, hlartf phrh h asquaroh, kuif värtdka ä f quhrtf pf`tf oa H;.

 @f sacu`of,
sacu`of, f ì`cumf, `fvhea`ta,
`fvhea`ta, `ëf pf
pfoa
oa asthr d`vartdo
d`vartdof,
f, ä kf`stdtuåof pfr ue
`ùearf quhmquar oa pf`tfs a axdstae vèrdfs ì`cumfs hlartfs phrh h asquaroh, kuih
sukassëf oatared`h f hspatf kurvf oa H;.

Dtae 19
`ùearf kfrratf oa pf`tfs ae tfofs fs ì`cumfs, dstf ä, 8 pf`tf phrh f värtdka [8, ;
 pf`tfs phrh f ì`cumf H8, 1 pfpf`tfs
`tfs phrh f ì`
ì`cumf
cumf H< a 3 pf`
pf`tfs
tfs phrh f ì`c
ì`cumf
umf H;.
Dtae 79
adxf bfrdzf`thm, f adxf oh gdcurh ä h md`bh qua u`a f ka`trf of värtdka [ hf värtdka H;,
oasdc`h`of-saa [;.
oasdc`h`of-s

^hrh oatared`hr [; pfoa hprasa`thr-sa ue pf`tf quhmquar oa H; qua ehrkh h euoh`ãh

oa odraãëf, khrhktardzh`of f ì`cumf H;, sa`of asta pf`tf H;: a quh`of f värtdka oa [;
`ëf ä `åtdof a H; ä kf`stdtuåof pfr ue `ùearf phr oa pf`tfs, f [; ä f värtdka gdktåkdf
qua sa sdtuhrè a`tra fs ofds pf`tfs eaodh`fs.

Qtdmdzhefs h crambh K phrh eaodr h bfrdzf`thmdohoa of adxf, kfd`kdod`of f värtdka K

kfe f [ a ueh bfrdzf`thm oh crambh kfe f lfrof supardfr oh gfmbh.

F adxf ä kf`sdoarhof kfef bfrdzf`thm sa [; astdvar kfmfkhof `f d`tardfr of ì`cumf fu

sflra ue mhof oa K (`a`bue pf`tf sarè kf`sdoarhof sa bfuvar eh`dpumhãëf oh gfmbh of
oasa`bf).
Dtae 39
fs quhtrf pf`tfs of adxf astëf hmd`bhofs, sû ä tfehof ae kf`th sa f `ùearf oa pf`tfs
gfr
ee.kfrratf phrh tfofs fs ì`cumfs, `ëf ta`of f odìeatrf oa [, [<, [< a [; supardfr h ?
 

F hmd`bhea`tf ä kf`sdoarhof kfrratf quh`of f [8 a [< astëf sdtuhofs `ue tfof fu ae

 phrta `f d`tardfr oh zf`h
zf`h oamdedthoh pa
pamhs
mhs th`ca`tas axtardfras
axtardfras h [ a [;
[;..

Qeh th`cé`kdh pfoa sar tfmarhoh fu ouhs of easef mhof, `f a`th`tf ouhs th`cé`kdhs oa
mhofs fpfstfs iè `ëf sëf. Kfe h hiuoh oh crambh L, kf`kratdzh-sa prdeadrf ueh th`ca`ta
a oapfds h futrh.

Dtae 29
aqudodstì`kdh sflra f adxf, eaoa-sa, kfe f huxåmdf oh crambh L, hs odstì`kdhs a`tra [ a
[8, [8 a [< a [< a [;.

H ehrcae oa tfmarì`kdh phrh kf`sdoarhr h dcuhmohoa ohs odstì`kdhs, tae f vhmfr oasshs
easehs odstì`kdhs. Ä oa `fthr qua asta hspaktf sû pfoa sar h`hmdshof sa hf dtae h`tardfr 
gfr htrdluåof `fth.

Dtae 49
sdeatrdh, bè quhtrf kf`odãñas qua oavae sar raspadthohs9 kfef gfd vardgdkhof
h`tardfrea`ta, theläe tée oa tar sdof htrdluåoh `fth hf dtae 3 (pf`tfs hmd`bhofs of
adxf), hs odstì`kdhs
h ldssaktrdz ofs trés a`tra fs pf`tfs
ì`cumfs (H8, H<tée oa sar
a H;, dcuhds,
sa`of astas`fhlartfs
d`tardfrdcuhmea`ta
oa ue ì`cumf, f adxf ä
ofs ofds
mhofs of adxf) a f `ùearf oa pf`tfs tée oa sar dcuhm oa ue a oa futrf mhof of adxf.

Efoamf W
7 dta`s: eèxdef oa pf`tuhãëf9 87

Dtae 89
astè ramhkdf`hof kfe f baxècf`f H kfrratf a kfe f baxècf`f H kfe ue ì`cumf
suprdedof fu ehm raprfouzdof.

 @f qua tfkh hfhf prdeadrf, f baxècf`f

baxècf`f H (vartdkhm) kf`
kf`täe
täe 7 ì`cumfs kfrrathea`ta
kfrrathea`ta
raprfouzdofs, `ëf ta`of ae kf`th f hspatf mdcadrhea`ta ea`fs hka`tuhof ofs ì`cumfs, h
bdpareatrdh fu oa ue mdcadrf hghsthea`tf a`tra fs mhofs qua gfrhe f ì`cumf, a f hspatf
raktdmå`af fu `ëf ofs mhofs.

\amhtdvhea`ta hf sacu`of, ue sû ì`cumf ä suprdedof fu ehm raprfouzdof, ehs `ëf ä

d`vartdof.

Dtae <9
astè ramhkdf`hof kfe f baxècf`f L kfrratf a f baxècf`f L kfe ue ì`cumf suprdedof
fu ehm raprfouzdof.

Ae ramhãëf hf prdeadrf sëf utdmdzhofs fs easefs krdtärdfs of dtae 8 `f qua odz raspadtf
hf baxècf`f H kfrratf.

\amhtdvhea`ta
kfef `fthof `fhfpf`tf
sacu`of
ofdssëf ushofs
of dtae 8. fs easefs krdtärdfs phrh h lfh axakuãëf phrkdhm,
 

Dtae ;9
frda`thãëf kfrrath ofs ofds baxècf`fs, f baxècf`f H tae oa asthr odspfstf
vartdkhmea`ta, pamf ea`fs fs ofds mhofs fu a`tëf pamf ea`fs ue ofs mhofs a h odradth
vdrtuhm u`d`of fs värtdkas supardfr a d`gardfr.

F baxècf`f L astè kfmfkhof `ueh pfsdãëf cmflhmea`ta flmåquh hf baxècf`f H.

 @ëf sa tae ae kf`sdoarhãëf

kf`sdoarhãëf h gfreh ofs ofds baxècf`fs ``ae
ae h ramhãëf oh
oh sakh`ta.

Dtae ?9
astè ramhkdf`hof kfe h sakì`kdh kfrrath, ae qua f ì`cumf of värtdka a f ì`cumf supardfr
odradtf of baxècf`f L astëf `f d`tardfr of baxècf`f H a f ì`cumf supardfr asquarof of
baxècf`f H astè `f d`tardfr of baxècf`f L, a h sakì`kdh a`tra fs ofds baxècf`fs, qua
`ëf raspadth hs kf`odãñas hkdeh ragardohs.

Dtae 19
baxècf`f H dcuhm hf efoamf, h `fth sû ä htrdluåoh sa gfr htrdluåoh ueh `fth hfs ofds
 pf`tfs of dtae 8.
8.

H crambh G paredta vardgdkhr sa h raprfouãëf astè kf`tdoh `f d`tardfr oh èrah oamdedthoh

 pamh easeh.
Dtae 79 L dcuhm hf efoamf, h `fth sû ä htrdluåoh sa gfr htrdluåoh `fth hfs ofds pf`tfs
baxècf`f
of dtae <.

H raprfouãëf oava asthr d`tadrhea`ta kf`tdoh `h zf`h oamdedthoh pamh crambh G.

H`èmdsa ofs \asumthofs
^hrh h`hmdshr fs rasumthofs ä `akassèrdf9

- kfephrhr f `åvam fltdof `asta tasta a f `åvam ea`thm cmflhm:

- h`hmdshr h pf`tuhãëf cmflhm ae kfephrhãëf hfs éxdtfs phrh khoh efoamf:

- hvhmdhr f kfepfrthea`tf oh krdh`ãh.

Kmhwsf` prfpña ue asquaeh d`tarprathtdvf qua pfoa sarvdr phrh tdrhr kf`kmusñas phrh h
varsëf oa La`oar, th`tf hf `åvam aefkdf`hm kfef frcì`dkf.
Ghtfras Frch`dzhkdf`h
Frch`dzhkdf`hds
ds
Efodgdkhãëf oh gfreh
(Casthmt)
Eätfofs oa _rhlhmbf
\agarae-sa hfs hspaktfs oa odspfsdãëf ohs gdcurhs `h pècd`h ushoh pamf d`odvåouf.
[aqué`kdh
Xuhtrf phrìeatrfs9

- \dcdoaz - hs gdcurhs astëf oasa`bhohs `ueh saqué`kdh odrath `h pècd`h, h kfmfkhãëf

ofs oasa`bfs phraka gfrãhoh a sae kf`sdoarhr f theh`bf fu gfreh:

- Froae - sukassëf racumhr oa gdcurhs kfe h axkaãëf oh rahmdzhãëf oa ueh d`varsëf, dstf
ä, ueh euoh`ãh oa odraãëf:
 

- Drracumhrdohoa - ehds of qua ueh euoh`ãh oa odraãëf ehs euoh`ãhs mûcdkhs phrh
 pfssdldmdthr ehds asphãf
asphãf phrh ueh gdcurh:

- Kf`gusëf - `ëf sëf oasa`bhohs ehds of qua trés gdcurhs ae saqué`kdh a hs rasth`tas
astëf asphmbhohs pamh pècd`h.

H froae kfe qua h krdh`ãh oasa`bfu ä ueh eh`dgasthãëf oh hlfrohcae d`odvdouhm of

suiadtf, pfr axaepmf hs krdh`ãhs hohpthohs `frehmea`ta hrrh`ihe hs gdcurhs `ueh
saqué`kdh froa`hoh
froa`hoh fu drracumhr, asth`of h froae råcdoh hssfkdhoh h ue ggu`kdf`hea
u`kdf`hea`tf
`tf
d`tamaktuhm råcdof, a`quh`tf qua h froae kf`gush astè hssfkdhoh kfe h oasfrch`dzhãëf
of gu`kdf`hea`tf d`tamaktuhm.
Kfasëf `h pècd`h
_rés hs ta`oé`kdhs9

- _a`oé`kdh oa lfroh - ofds tarãfs ohs gdcurhs sëf oasa`bhohs hf mf`cf oh lfroh vartdkhm
oa thm efof qua `ëf sa asta`oae phrh hmäe oh md`bh eäodh, h lfroh of phpam phraka
sarvdr kfef md`bh oa d`odkhãëf a frda`thãëf of oasa`bf:

- _a`oé`kdh oa tfpf - ofds tarãfs fu ehds ohs gdcurhs astëf oa`trf of tarãf supardfr oh
 pècd`h:

-_a`oé`kdh oa lhsa - ofds tarãfs ohs gdcurhs astëf oa`trf of tarãf d`gardfr oh pècd`h.
Asths ta`oé`kdhs ragmatae ueh parsf`hmdohoa qua ta`oa h sa ratdrhr of sau helda`ta, h
krdh`ãh sa`ta-sa hssde heahãhoh pamf eu`of, pfds thm kfef f parkala, tae ueh
`akassdohoaa axkassdvh oa sa vd`kumhr h hmcuäe fu h hmcueh kfdsh.
`akassdoho
Qsf of asphãf lrh`kf
Futrhs gfrehs `ëf bhldtuhds oa ushr f asphãf.

_rés pfssdldmdohoas9
pfssdldmdohoas9

- Hrrh`if axph`sdvf - hs gdcurhs sëf asphmbhohs oa gfreh hepmh pamh pècd`h kfe ueh
crh`oa saphrhãëf a`tra asths:

- Qsf oa ehds of qua ueh pècd`h - ramhkdf`he-sa kfe h axph`sëf of oasa`bf, f qua
sucara ueh krdh`ãh htdvh, hutf ka`trhoh a hcrassdvh qua ta`oa h hcdr oa hkfrof kfe fs
saus depumsfs phrh fltar crhtdgdkhãëf deaodhth `hs suhs `akassdohoas:

- ^hpam euohof oa frda`thãëf.

Astas kfepfrthea`tfs ragardofs h`tardfrea`ta axprasshe htdtuoas oa phsshcae hf htf a
axprassëf oa `achtdvdsef, d`odkh`of krdh`ãhs rasdsta`tas a ralamoas.
Efodgdkhãëf of theh`bf oh gdcurh
Gmutuhãñas oa pamf ea`fs ue quhrtf ofs aståeumfs phorëf.

_rés phrìeatrfs9
- _rhlhmbf oh gdcurh huea`thof - saepra qua ehds oa eathoa ohs gdcurhs hprasa`the
ue huea`tf `f adxf vartdkhm fu bfrdzf`thm: khrhktaråstdkf oa krdh`ãhs axph`sdvhs a
htuh`tas:

- _heh`bf oh gdcurh oded`uåoh - quh`of ehds oa eathoa ohs gdcurhs hprasa`the ueh
 

oded`udãëf: khrhktaråstdkf oa krdh`ãhs d`dldohs, ravamh`of pflrazh oa depumsfs sa`of

ueh ohs khrhktaråstdkh oa ueh krdh`ãh d`dldoh qua sa suleata hf kf`trfmf ofs houmtfs a
raprdea fs saus prûprdfs depumsfs a h suh raspf`sdvdohoa aefkdf`hm:

- _heh`bf oh gdcurh drracumhr

drr acumhr - huea`tf fu oded`udãëf prfcrassdvh of theh`bf ohs
gdcurhs fu, `f eå`def, bè ueh gdcurh eudtf crh`oa.
F huea`tf of theh`bf ohs gdcurhs astè ramhkdf`hof kfe f kfepfrthea`tf, lhdxh
tfmarì`kdh î grustrhãëf, kfepfrthea`tf rèpdof a oaskf`trfmhof ae ramhãëf hfs
aståeumfs. Ae kf`trhphrtdoh, quh`of bè ueh oded`udãëf prfcrassdvh ohs gdcurhs pfoa
ravamhr ta`oé`kdh h d`tar`hmdzhr h h`sdaohoa.
Gakbhea`tf
\agara-sa î raprfouãëf, sae kfd`kdoé`kdh phrkdhm oh u`dëf oh gdcurh tfthm fu oa quhmquar 
sulphrta oh easeh.

^foa hprasa`thr fs sacud`tas oasvdfs9

- qualrh oa kf`tfr`fs:
- trasphssa `f pf`tf oa iu`ãëf:
- paqua`h saphrhãëf oa sulphrtas:
- pa`atrhãëf oa ueh sulphrta pfr futrh:
- oasmfkhea`tf oa ueh sulphrta:
- hlsfrãëf of värtdka oa ueh sulphrta pfr futrh.

^foa-sa odzar qua sa astas oasvdfs qua astëf prasa`tas ae eathoa ohs gdcurhs
oaef`strhe odgdkumohoas oa gakbhea`tf
g akbhea`tf..
Astas sëf vumchras ae krdh`ãhs hohpthohs, sa`of asths odgdkumohoas ramhkdf`hohs kfe h
axprassëf of eaof fu axkassdvf htrdtf `hs ramhãñas d`tarpassfhds, f qua pfoa d`odkhr
qua h krdh`ãh `u`kh tava ueh ramhãëf
r amhãëf shtdsghtûrdh kfe ue houmtf sdc`dgdkhtdvf (prdvhãëf
aefkdf`hm).
[depmdgdkhãëf
\amhkdf`h-sa kfe kf`kadtfs ea`fs ehourfs `h raprfouãëf
r aprfouãëf ohs gdcurhs.

Asths sëf kf`sdoarhohs dehturhs quh`of sëf tåpdkhs oa ueh dohoa ea`thm hlhdxf oh
dohoa oh krdh`ãh.

Fs oasvdfs tée oa asthr prasa`tas ae pamf ea`fs trés u`dohoas phrh qua saih
kf`sdoarhoh racrassdvh9
- f usf oa kårkumfs, trhãfs fu vårcumhs ae vaz oa pf`tfs fu mhãhohs:
- f usf oa pf`tfs pfr mhãhohs:
- f usf oa hrkfs ae vaz oa ì`cumfs `åtdofs.

Fs sd`hds racrassdvfs hphrakae th`tf ae prftfkfmfs `frehds kfef oa krdh`ãhs

 parturlhohs fu kfe
kfe odstùrldf frcì`
frcì`dkf.
dkf.
\fthãëf
\fthãëf oh gdcurh tfthm sflra f sau adxf (ehds oa 81¹).

Hs krdh`ãhs parturlhohs aefkdf`hmea`ta eh`dgasthe rfthãñas ehds paqua`hs (81 h <1¹)

of qua hs krdh`ãhs `frehds.

Hs rfthãñas qua sa ghzae `f sa`tdof ofs pf`tadrfs of ramûcdf phrakae d`odkhr

 

aelfthea`tf hgatdvf a pflrazh oa depumsfs, a`quh`tf hs rfthãñas `f sa`tdof d`varsf

 phrakae d`odkhr
d`odkhr axph`sdldmdohoa a hmcuehs vazas
vazas fpfsdãë
fpfsdãëf.
f.

Qeh rfthãëf oa 4>¹ h 82>¹, h phrtdr ofs 2 h`fs oa dohoa, sucara frch`dzhãëf.
Euoh`ãh oa h`cumhãëf
Euoh`ãh ehdfr oa 81¹ `f theh`bf oa quhmquar ì`cumf, ae hmcuehs gdcurhs, pfoa
sucardr h ghmth oa axprassëf, sa`tdea`tf
sa`tdea`tf fu aelfthea`tf hgatdvf.
\hsurh
Hs krdh`ãhs `frehmea`ta eh`dgasthe h `akassdohoa oa rhsurhr, ueh vaz qua hs qua `ëf
eh`dgasthe ravamhe ue hutfkf`kadtf a eftdvhãëf pflras.

Hs krdh`ãhs flsassdvhs eh`dgasthe h `akassdohoa

`akassdohoa oa rhsurh vèrdhs vazas, vdstf qua f
aepa`bf raprasa`th h ta`thtdvh oa kf`trfmhr h h`sdaohoa.
\aphsshea`tf
Htf oa tfr`hr h ghzar ueh md`bh fu ue pf`tf gadtf pravdhea`ta.

Hs krdh`ãhs parturlhohs `ëf f ghzae eudths vazas, kf`tuof praa`kbae kårkumfs fu

huea`the pf`tfs kfe raphsshea`tf rapatdof a eudths vazas kfe vdcfr, ravamh`of ueh
ta`sëf axkassdvh a d`hoaquhãëf
d`hoaquhãëf `h gfreh oa axprassëf a oa mdlarthãëf.

^foa hd`oh ravamhr dehturdohoa th`tf hf `åvam gåsdkf kfef hf `åvam aefkdf`hm a ue
htrhsf parkaptuhm.
^amf kf`trèrdf, hs krdh`ãhs hohpthohs ghzae-`f `h ta`thtdvh oa tfr`hr f oasa`bf ehds
 phrakdof kfe f efoamf oh gdcurh.
_aepf
Hs krdh`ãhs parturlhohs tée taepfs ehds kurtfs, axkaptuh`of hs krdh`ãhs flsassdvhs,
qua oaefrhe ehds fu ea`fs 7 ed`utfs.
Xuhmdohoa oh md`bh
F aslfãf, `f sa`tdof oa md`bhs rapatdohs, kurths, sflrapfsths, ä carhmea`ta hssfkdhof î
h`sdaohoa a hf hutfkf`kadtf pflra.

Hs krdh`ãhs qua oasa`bhe md`bhs qualrhohs fu kfe trasphssa pfoae hprasa`thr

odgdkumohoas `hs ramhãñas d`tarpassfhds, a`quh`tf qua hs qua oasa`bhe md`bhs kfe
traefras crfssadrfs sëf ehds sd`tfeètdkhs oa ghktfras frcì`dkfs.
Gdcurhs aefmourhohs
Kf`sdsta ae efmourhs î vfmth ohs gdcurhs.

H utdmdzhãëf oa md`bhs phrh saphrhr hs gdcurhs ä ueh gfreh oa hs krdh`ãhs axprasshrae

sacurh`ãh a h`sdaohoa, a`vfmva`of sa`tdea`tfs oa d`hoaquhãëf ae ramhãëf îs
axdcé`kdhs gadths pamfs houmtfs, pfoa`of kf`ouzdr hf dsfmhea`tf.
^f`tfs Gfrtas
- Kf`sacudr hvhmdhr vèrdhs èrahs of oasa`vfmvde
oasa`vfmvdea`tf
a`tf d`gh`tdm:

- H kfthãëf tae phrìeatrfs lhsth`ta aspakågdkfs

aspakågdkfs ramhtdvhea`ta h khoh efoamf.
^f`tfs Grhkfs
- @ëf hlrh`car tfoh h pfpumhãëf:

- ^assfhs
_asta kfe ghmth
oa Kûpdh oa hkudohoa
oa Gdcurhs vdsuhm `ëf kf`sacudrae rahmdzhr h prfvh.
Kfepmaxhs
 

Hutfr9 H`orä \ay

Hohpthãëffrtucuash9
Hohpthãëffrtucuash9 Oaphrthea`tf oa D`vastdchãë
D`vastdchãëff a ^ulmdkhãñas ^sdkfmûcdkhs

Aodtfrh9 KACFK-_AH

Hoed`dstrhãëf9 D`odvdouhm

Ourhãëf9 Whrdèvam a`tra 1 h <1 ed`utfs

Hpmdkhãëf9 Krdh`ãhs a houmtfs

Fliatdvf9 Astuof oh htdvdohoa parkaptdvh a oh eaeûrdh vdsuhm

Ìeldtf oa hpmdkhãëf9 Kmå`dkf

Bè hd`oh ueh sacu`oh prfvh qua kf`sdsta `h kûpdh a raprfouãëf oa ueh gdcurh
cafeätrdkh ehds sdepmas (Gdcurh L), qua sa odrdca h krdh`ãhs a`tra fs ? a fs 3 h`fs.

Asths ouhs gfrehs tée thraghs kfe h easeh gd`hmdohoa a sdc`dgdkhof hohpthohs, pfräe
`ëf sa trhth oa ouhs gfrehs phrhmamhs oa ue easef tasta, pfds hpmdkhe-sa h odgara`tas
efea`tfs of prfkassf avfmutdvf.
\ay hprasa`tfu
 lhsa ueh
`h eaeûrdh,
eaeûrdh, ueprfvh qua
oasa`b
oasa`bf td`bh kfef kfe
f cafeätrdkf fliatdvf
pmaxf.kfpdhr a oapfds raprfouzdr, kfe
kfepmaxf.

F axhed`hofr vdsmuelrhvh h gfreh kfef f d`odvåouf kfpdhvh h gdcurh.

H gdcurh samakdf`hoh kf`td`bh vèrdhs prfprdaohoas9

- husé`kdh oa sdc`dgdkhof avdoa`ta:
- gèkdm rahmdzhãëf crègdkh:
- astruturh oa kf`iu`tf sugdkda`taea`ta kfepmdkhoh kfe f d`tudtf oa axdcdr ueh
htdvdohoa h`hmåtdkh a oa frch`dzhãë
frch`dzhãëf.
f.

Oa hkfrof kfe h gfreh kfef f suiadtf kfpdh h gdcurh, pfoa-sa kf`bakar h suh htdvdohoa
 parkaptdvh.
Ehtardhm
- Eh`uhm täk`dkf, qua kf`täe hs lhsas taûrdkhs, hs `frehs oa hpmdkhãëf a kfthãëf, fs
gu`ohea`tfs asthtåstdkfs a h d`tarprathãëf ofs rasumthofs:

- Mìed`hs oh prfvh:

- ^hpam lrh`kf:

- Mèpds oa kfr a pratf:

- Krf`ûeatrf.
Gdcurh H
Kûpdh of efoamf
H gdcurh astè odvdodoh ae 82 phrtas:

F d`odvåouf `ëf parkala, `ae gdxh ue h ue tfofs fs sacea`tfs qua kfepñae h gdcurh:
 

Ama khpth-fs frch`dzhofs `ue kartf `ùearf oa astruturh:

Bè amaea`tfs qua sëf oaskurhofs `h kûpdh a asquakdofs `h raprfouãëf, ueh vaz qua
sëf sacea`tfs qua `ëf tée ramhãëf kfe `a`bueh ohs astruturhs.
- ^hrh qua f suiadtf rahmdza h prfvh, f axhed`hofr oavarè tar kd`kf fu sads mèpds oa kfr
odgara`tas odspf`åvads a gfr`akar ueh gfmbh oa phpam lrh`kf9

"_ae hqud ue oasa`bf: vhd kfpdè-mf `asth gfmbh:

g fmbh: `ëf ä `akassèrdf ghzar ueh kûpdh
rdcfrfsh: ä prakdsf, `f a`th`tf, tar hta`ãëf îs prfpfrãñas a sflratuof `ëf asquakar `hoh.
 @ëf ä `akassèrdf
`akassèrdf trhlhmbhr î prassh.
prassh. Kfeak
Kfeakaa kfe asta mèpds
mèpds".
".
- Oè-sa ue mèpds oa ueh kfr sfmdkdth`of hf suiadtf qua ghãh f oasa`bf, paredtd`of qua
ama utdmdza karkh oa kd`kf fu sads kfras odgara`tas. Xuh`of ama kfeaãh h thragh, oava-sa
kfmfkhr f krf`ûeatrf odskrathea`ta. Ä oa shmda`thr qua ä `akassèrdf hpf`thr h sukassëf
ohs kfras phrh doa`tdgdkhr, `f oasa`bf, quhm h froae oh kûpdh asthlamakdoh pamf suiadtf.

- [aepra qua surcdr oùvdohs sflra h sukassëf ofs amaea`tfs kfpdhofs kf`väe
d`tarrfepar f axhed`hof phrh euohr oa mèpds.
- [a f suiadtf trhlhmbhr oa gfreh prdedtdvh fu pfukf rhkdf`hm, pfoarè sar `akassèrdh ueh
vardgdkhãëf `f gd`hm oh prfvh, qua kf`sdsta ae parcu`thr hf d`odvåouf sa `ëf bhvardh
ueh gfreh eambfr oa kfpdhr h gdcurh. Assh parcu`th oavarè sar hohpthoh hf vfkhlumèrdf
a- Asth
kfepraa`sëf of`ëf
vardgdkhãëf suiadtf.
oavarè sar gadth mfcf h sacudr î kûpdh, oava`of-sa asparhr pamh
sacu`oh phrta oh prfvh (î raprfouãëf oa eaeûrdh) a sû hquh`of of gd`hm oh easeh ä
qua sa oava sfmdkdthr hf suiadtf qua axhed`a a h krdtdqua f sau prfkassf oa kûpdh.
- Oava sar rahmdzhoh hpûs ueh phush, qua `ëf oava umtrhphsshr fs trés ed`utfs.

- ^aoa-sa hf suiadtf qua utdmdza h suh eaeûrdh phrh oasa`bhr, `ueh sacu`oh gfmbh, h
gdcurh cafeätrdkh.

- ^foa-sa utdmdzhr vèrdfs mèpds oa kfr phrh ueh eambfr parkapãëf of prfkassf oa kûpdh,
 pfräe sa `ëf bfuvar eudtf taeptaepff utdmdzh-sa hpa`hs
hpa`hs ue ù`dkf mèpds.

- @ëf bè rastrdãëf oa taepf phrh raprfouzdr h gdcurh, ueh vaz qua ä f prûprdf suiadtf
qua d`odkhrè quh`of tared`fu h thragh.
\aprfouãëf oa eaeûrdh
Kfrraãëf
Odgara`tas tdpfs oa kûpdh a`kf`trhe-sa froa`hofs of ehds rhkdf`hm phrh f ea`fs
rhkdf`hm, ta`of ae kf`th fs bèldtfs d`tamaktuhds, h rhpdoaz oa kûpdh a h hprakdhãëf of
rasumthof.

Hmcuehs dohoas kfrraspf`oae h odvarsfs tdpfs oa kûpdh9

D - Kf`struãëf sflra h hrehãëf
- F d`odvåouf prdeadrf oasa`bh f raktì`cumf ka`trhm qua kfeaãh h gu`kdf`hr kfef ueh
hrehãëf sflra f quhm odspña tfofs fs rasth`tas amaea`tfs oh gdcurh.

- Asta crh`oa raktì`cumf kf`stdtud h lhsa qua ä utdmdzhoh kfef ragaré`kdh a pf`tf oa
 phrtdoh phrh h amhlfrhãëf
amhlfrhãëf oh gdcu
gdcurh.
rh.
 

- ^raofed`h`ta `f houmtf, sa`of asth h suh ù`dkh praofed`h`ta, f`oa hmkh`ãh h suh
eèxdeh graqué`kdh.

- Astè prasa`ta oasoa fs crupfs ofs ? h`fs a huea`th, ma`thea`ta, htrhväs ohs vèrdhs
ghdxhs atèrdhs htä hmkh`ãhr, lruskhea`ta, f sau eèxdef.
DD - Oathmbas a`cmflhofs `h hrehãëf
- @f d`åkdf, f suiadtf kfeaãh pfr ue oathmba kf`tåcuf hf crh`oa raktì`cumf, kfef, pfr
axaepmf, h kruz oh phrta supardfr of mhof asquarof, fu trhãh f crh`oa raktì`cumf,
kf`ta`of hmcu`s oathmbas.

- Oa ue efof ea`fs graqua`ta, theläe sa pfoa oasa`bhr ae prdeadrf muchr hs

odhcf`hds of raktì`cumf h`tas of sau kf`tfr`f, utdmdzh`of asta kfef hrehãëf.

- @ëf pravhmaka ae `a`bueh dohoa, ehs eh`täe-sa `f oakfrrar oa tfoh h avfmuãëf

kfef tdpf kfepmaea`thr.

-hmkh`ãh
[urca `f crupf
h suh ehdsofs
hmth7 graqué`kdh,
h`fs a huea`th prfcrassdvhe
prfcrassdvhea`ta
oded`ud`of a`ta htähtähfs
ae sacudoh 8< h`fs,
î dohoa f`oa sa
houmth.
DDD - Kf`tfr`f carhm
- Kfeaãh h oasa`bhr h gdcurh
g dcurh pamf kf`tfr`f d`tacrhm sae odgara`kdhr, aspakdgdkhea`ta, f
raktì`cumf ka`trhm, flta`of ueh aspäkda oa "kf`ta`tfr" f`oa ae sacudoh sëf kfmfkhofs
tfofs fs oathmbas d`tardfras.

- @ëf tae praofed`ì`kdh ae `a`bueh dohoa a eh`täe-sa kfef tdpf kfepmaea`thr.

- _ae h suh graqué`kdh eèxdeh `f crupf ofs 8> h`fs, oadxh`of oa sar hprakdèvam `fs
houmtfs.
DW - Iusthpfsdãëf oa oathmbas
- Kfeaãh h oasa`bhr fs oathmbas u`s prûxdefs ofs futrfs, kfef sa gfssa ue puzzma,
`ëf axdstd`of ue amaea`tf odratfr oh raprfouãëf.

- Hpûs tared`hr, h gdcurh ä cmflhmea`ta kf`bakdoh a pfoa asthr pargadthea`ta

kf`sacudoh.

- [urca kfe ehdfr praofed`ì`kdh `fs crupfs oa 1 h 8> h`fs, htd`cd`of f sau eèxdef
`f crupf ofs 2 h`fs.

- Whd oded`ud`of, oa gfreh racumhr, htä î dohoa houmth, f`oa tae ueh raprasa`thãëf
eå`deh.
W - Oathmbas sflra f gu`of kf`gusf
 

- F suiadtf oasa`bh pfukf fu `hoh astruturhof, `ëf sa`of pfssåvam doa`tdgdkhr f efoamf,
hpashr oa kartfs oathmbas sarae rakf`bakåvads, pamf ea`fs `h suh d`ta`ãëf.

- H ehdfrdh oasta tdpf oa raprfouãëf oè-sa `f crupf ofs ? h`fs, tfohvdh oded`ud
rhpdohea`ta a oashphraka `f crupf ofs 2 h`fs.
WD - \aouãëf h ue asquaeh ghedmdhr 
- _rh`sgfreh h gdcurh `ue asquaeh qua mba ä ghedmdhr a qua pfoa rakfrohr vhchea`ta h
gfreh carhm oa hmcu`s ofs saus amaea`tfs (kfef ueh khsh fu ue lhrkf) fu of efoamf.

- [urca a`tra fs ? a fs 1 h`fs, aelfrh eudtf rhrhea`ta, a oashphraka

oashphraka hfs 7 h`fs.

- @frehmea`ta `assh dohoa, phrtae, ae carhm, of kårkumf hssdedmh`of-f h ueh khrh phrh
oasa`bhr ue lf`akf, dc`frh`of f rasth`ta efoamf.
WDD - Chrhtuihs
- Ä depfssåvam rakf`bakar quhmquar ofs amaea`tfs of efoamf fu hs suhs gfrehs, ueh
vaz qua f suiadtf sdepmasea`ta ghz uehs chrhtuihs.
Krdtärdfs oa ^f`tuhãëf
\dquazh a Axhtdoëf oh Kûpdh
-kfepmaxhs.
F easef vhmfr ä ohof h khoh ueh ohs 82 u`dohoas, saihe asths sdepmas fu
_aepf oa kûpdh
- Xuh`of f suiadtf kfeaãh h oasaepa`bhr
oasaepa`bhr h thragh, pña-sa f krf`ûeatrf h gu`kdf`hr
g u`kdf`hr a
 pèrh-sa quh`of
quh`of asta tared`h h pprfvh.
rfvh.

- F taepf oa axakuãëf ä hrraof`ohof saepra phrh f ed`utf sacud`ta, kfef pfr

axaepmf sa fs taepfs gfrae oa <'81'' a <'1>'' hrraof`ohe-sa ae helfs fs khsfs phrh ;'
a asta vhmfr mé-sa "a`tra ofds a trés ed`utfs".

 @fth9
Astas krdtärdfs oa kfrraãëf a oa pf`tuhãëf sëf dcuhmea`ta hpmdkhofs î raprfouãëf oa
eaeûrdh. H gfmbh oa \acdstf paredta racdsthr a kfthr oa gfreh froa`hoh fs rasumthofs
 phrkdhds a cmflhds
cmflhds oa gfreh h ghkdmdth
ghkdmdthrr asta prfkassf.
^fr khoh u`dohoa
Kfrrath
Oagfrehoh fu d`kfepmath, ehs rakf`bakåvam
Drrakf`bakåvam fu husa`ta
> pf`tfs
Lae sdtuhoh 5 8 pf`tf

Ehm sdtuhoh 5 8/< pf`tf

Lae sdtuhoh 5 < pf`tfs

Ehm sdtuhoh 5 8 pf`tf

 

- Hs pf`tuhãñas sëf sfehohs sa`of f eèxdef oa pf`tuhãëf oa ;7 pf`tfs.

\asumthofs
H - ^rfkassf oa kûpdh `dtdohea`ta d`gardfr 
\aprfouãëf oh prfvh ä oagadtufsh
8- F taepf oa kûpdh ä carhmea`ta mf`cf, pfds f d`odvåouf ä pfukf oasa`vfmvdof h `åvam
d`tamaktuhm, ta`of odgdkumohoas hf `åvam oh parkapãëf vdsuhm, oh h`èmdsa vdsuhm a asphkdhm
a oh kf`struãëf crègdkh.

Kf`tuof, ae krdh`ãhs paqua`hs asths odgdkumohoas sëf `frehtdvhs.

Ä depfrth`ta tar ae kf`th f eadf kumturhm ae qua astè d`sardof f suiadtf, hssde kfef, h
suh askfmhrdohoa a f vhmfr trh`sedtdof pamh gheåmdh a pamh askfmh hf oasa`bf mdvra.

<- F taepf oa kûpdh ä h`frehmea`ta kurtf, oavdof î ghmth oa khphkdohoa oa h`èmdsa,

kfpdh`of hpa`hs sû ue amaea`tf gèkdm fu ueh chrhtuih rèpdoh kf`sdoarhoh pamf suiadtf
sugdkda`ta.

Hd`oh qua f prfkassf oa kûpdh saih `dtdohea`ta d`gardfr, ramhtdvhea`ta î dohoa of

suiadtf, h kûpdh ä prakdsh a rdkh
8- F taepfaoa
kudohofsf kûpdh pfr
hpmdkhof, vazas
ta`of ä eudtf mf`cf,
odgdkumohoas vdstf qua
ae h`hmdshr oa fgfreh
suiadtf pfoaasar
rèpdoh eudtf hs
rhkdf`hm
astruturhs asphkdhds.

<- F taepf oa kûpdh ä kurtf a f trhãhof ae carhm ä gèkdm a gdrea, ueh vaz qua kartfs
suiadtfs, kfe crh`oas khphkdohoas
khphkdohoas phrh f oasa`bf, pfoae kfpdhr oa gfreh pfukf
rhkdf`hm, ghza`of-f kfe sacurh`ãh a hvh`ãh`of prfcrassdvhea`ta.

_ée ueh gfreh phrtdkumhr oa h`hmdshr h rahmdohoa vdsuhm a raprfouzae carhmea`ta oa

gfreh agdkhz h gdcurh, easef quh`of sa mbas paoa qua f ghãhe oa eaeûrdh.

h) H kûpdh ä prakdsh a rdkh a hpashr oa bhldtuhmea`ta sar axakuthoh ae taepf `frehm,

 pfr vazas pfoa
pfoa sar ue pfuk
pfukff mf`ch.

F suiadtf hpmdkh-sa `h prfvh a ä prakdsf, astruturh`of rhkdf`hmea`ta fs ohofs vdsuf-

asphkdhds.

 l) H kûpdh ä pfukf

pfukf prakdsh, bh
bhva`of
va`of asqu
asquakdea`tfs,
akdea`tfs, sa
sa`of
`of f taepf oa axakuãëf
`frehmea`ta kurtf.

^foa-sa pravar ueh ta`oé`kdh

ta`oé`kdh phrh `ëf mavhr h prfvh h särdf a phrh h ma`tdoëf crègdkh `h
axakuãëf,, hpashr oa ueh amhlfrhãëf parkaptdvh cmflhm oasa`vfmvdoh.
axakuãëf

L- ^rfkassf- oa
\asumthofs Kûpdh @dtdohea`ta [upardfr.
Eaeûrdh
 

H- Hd`oh qua h raprfouãëf saih kmhrhea`ta d`sugdkda`ta, f prfkassf oa kûpdh gfd `frehm
fu supardfr. Easef qua `ëf axdsth prflmaeh `h parkapãëf a frch`dzhãëf ofs ohofs h
gdxhr, h pflrazh oh raprfouãëf eh`dgasth hmtarhãñas oh eaeûrdh vdsuhm.

Kf`tuof, theläe sa pfoa kf`sdoarhr kfef khushmdohoa oasth odgdkumohoa ue lmfquadf

 pamf d`tarassa qua
qua f d`odvåouf ta
tardh
rdh ae sdeumhr h suh ghmth oa eaeûrdh.

L- [a`of h raprfouãëf eudtf pflra, f prfkassf oa kûpdh ä `dtdohea`ta d`gardfr,

oaef`strh`of ghmbhs hf `åvam oh rakfrohãëf a oh parkapãëf.

Kfef h raprfouãëf ä d`sugdkda`ta, kf`gdreh-sa f `åvam d`gardfr oh amhlfrhãëf vdsuf-

asphkdhm.

 @f khsf oh kûpdh sar oagadtufsh,

oagadtufsh, h pflra rap
raprfouãëf
rfouãëf pfoa sar vdsåvam qua sa
sa pfoa oavar
oavar
î bdpûtasa oa ghmth oa eaeûrdh.

^fräe, bè khsfs ae qua f tdpf oa kûpdh prfcrdoa hf phsshr-sa hf sacu`of taepf oh

 prfvh, ae qua sa pfoa pa
pa`shr
`shr qua h frda`
frda`thãëf
thãëf `ue kfep
kfepmaxf
maxf vdsuf-asphkdhm
vdsuf-asphkdhm sa oava h
ueh karth ma`tdoëf of suiadtf.

^fr vazas, ä pfssåvam htrhväs oh prfvh flsarvhr trfkhs oa pfsdãëf of efoamf, pfr
axaepmf, `h gdcurh H, kfmfkhe f efoamf `h pfsdãëf vartdkhm gdkh`of f mfsh`cf phrh
kdeh kfe f värtdka phrh h odradth, tfeh`of f hspaktf oa ueh khsh.

Hs d`struãñas oa hpmdkhãëf axdcae qua sa vfmta h kfmfkhr f efoamf `h pfsdãëf kfrrath.

Asth pfsdãëf ä ramhtdvhea`ta

r amhtdvhea`ta graqua`ta ae krdh`ãhs paqua`hs, ehs ae hofmaska`ta
hofmaska`tass a
houmtfs d`odkh ueh ea`thmdohoa lhsth`ta ruodea`thr.

Hpashr oh pfsdãëf of efoamf sar kfrrdcdoh, ae kartfs khsfs, f suiadtf kf`td`uh h kfpdhr
h gdcurh a h kfmfkh-mh `h gfreh vartdkhm, hssaeambh`of-h h ueh khsh kfe ueh lh`oadrh
ae kdeh, f qua sa sukaoa `h raprfouãëf oa eaeûrdh.
Gdcurh L
- Ohoh h kfepmaxdohoa oh gdcurh H, phrh hs krdh`ãhs paqua`hs, ä hkf`sambèvam ue
 prfkaodea`tf ehds
ehds rèpdof, pfr dssf gfrefu-sa ueh gdcurh e
eudtf
udtf ehds sdepmas a ehds
hohpthoh îs pfssdldmdohoas ofs ehds paqua`fs.

- H pf`tuhãëf oh kûpdh tae ae kf`th oatared`hohs ramhãñas gu`ohea`thds a hvhmdh

theläe f asquaeh ea`thm kfe qua sa rahmdzh h kf`struãëf.

- H gdcurh L kfepraa`oa dohoas a`tra fs ? a fs 2 h`fs a h houmtfs `fs quhds sa suspadth

oa crh`oa oatafrdzhãëf ea`thm.

-- Ä
Ä hprasa`thoh
odvdodoh ae î88krdh`ãh
phrtas.kfe f quhorhof phrh lhdxf a sdeumth`ahea`ta a`trach`of
 

ueh gfmbh oa phpam a paod`of-mba phrh h kfpdhr kfe ue mèpds.

- Hpûs tared`hr, racdsth-sa f taepf a ratdrh-sa h kûpdh a f efoamf. Kfef `h gdcurh H,

hpûs ueh phush oa trés ed`utfs, paoa-sa phrh vfmthr h ghzar f oasa`bf oa eaeûrdh
`ueh `fvh gfmbh.
Kfrraãëf a ^f`tuhãëf
h) @ùearf oa amaea`tfs of oasa`bf

- 8 pf`tf pfr khoh amaea`tf:

- 8/< pf`tf sa f amaea`tf ä rakf`bakåvam kfe odgdkumohoa:
- 8/< pf`tf pamh kruz oasa`bhoh kfef ueh supargåkda:
- 8/< pf`tf pamfs ofds pf`tfs trhãhofs ae gfreh oa kårkumf.

^f`tuhãëf eèxdeh9 88 pf`tfs

Bè qua `fthr ueh odgara`ãh `åtdoh a`tra f quhorhof a f raktì`cumf phrh qua khoh gdcurh
kf`stdtuh ue amaea`tf odgara`ta.

[ëf rakf`bakåvads hs supargåkdas kfe ue kf`tfr`f ehds fu ea`fs kdrkumhr phrh f

kårkumf a pfmdcf`hm phrh hs futrhs gdcurhs, ehs oasoa qua h suh pfsdãëf ramhtdvh
 pfssdldmdta ramhkdf`hr
ramhkdf`hr khoh ueh oa
oamhs
mhs kfe f amae
amaea`tf
a`tf kfrraspf`oa
kfrraspf`oa`ta
`ta of efoamf.

^fr axaepmf, ueh särda oa gdcurhs vhchea`ta pfmdcf`hds hmd`bhohs fu oasfroa`hohs

oasfroa`hohs `ëf
 paredtae `a`bueh doa`tdgdkhãëf, pf pfrr futrf mhof sa as
astëf
tëf odstrdluåohs sacu`of
sacu`of hs
ramhãñas oa kf`td`udohoa axdsta`tas a`tra f raktì`cumf, trdì`cumf a quhorhof, hs
supargåkdas paredtae doa`tdgdkhr trés gdcurhs rakf`bakåvads.

Ehs sa gfr ue raktì`cumf, ue quhorhof a ue trdì`cumf axtraehea`ta lae oasa`bhofs

kf`the khoh ue kfef ue amaea`tf, hd`oh qua astaihe odstrdluåofs oa gfreh
oasfroa`hoh.
 l) ^fsdãëf ofs
ofs amaea`tfs sa
saku`oèrdfs
ku`oèrdfs

8 pf`tf - ofds pf`tfs of kårkumf astëf lae kfmfkhofs î odradth (sa astdvarae sflrapfstfs
fu eudtf hghsthofs ae vaz oa asthrae ue hf mhof of futrf, htrdlud-sa hpa`hs 8/<
 pf`tf):
8 pf`tf - sa kfmfkhrae h kruz î asquaroh of trdì`cumf:
8 pf`tf - saedkårkumf gfr kfmfkhof `f ka`trf oh lhsa of raktì`cumf (sa `ëf astdvar `f
ka`trf, ehs oa`trf of raktì`cumf ä hpa`hs htrdluåof 8/< pf`tf):
8 pf`tf - sa f `ùearf oa md`bhs vartdkhds of saedkårkumf gfr axhthea`ta quhtrf:
8 pf`tf - sa f pf`tf of quhorhof gfr kfmfkhof `f ì`cumf d`gardfr odradtf:
8 pf`tf - sa asta easef pf`tf ä kmhrhea`ta ehds crfssf of qua fs ofds pf`tfs of
kårkumf:
8 pf`tf - sa h odhcf`hm gfr kfrrathea`ta kfmfkhoh:
8 pf`tf - sa f sdc`f 5 (dcuhm) gfr kfmfkhof oa`trf of quhorhof paqua`f
paqua`f gfrehof pamh
d`tarsaãëfsûofsaraktì`cumf
 paqua`f htrdlud 8/<kfe
pf` f quhorhof (sa asta sdc`f kfrth fs mhofs of quhorhof
pf`tf.)
tf.)
 

^f`tuhãëf eèxdeh9 2 pf`tfs.

k) _heh`bf prfpfrkdf`hm ofs quhtrf amaea`tfs prd`kdphds

8 pf`tf - f kårkumf a f trdì`cumf tée ue theh`bf saeambh`ta:

8 pf`tf - f kårkumf, f quhorhof a trdì`cumf tée ue theh`bf saeambh`ta:
8 pf`tf - bè dcuhmohoa a`tra hs hmturhs of quhorhof a of raktì`cumf:
8 pf`tf - bè prfpfrkdf`hmdohoa ohs quhtrf gfrehs cafeätrdkhs.

H dcuhmohoa ä oa hprfxdehohea`ta ? ee, kf`kaoa`of-sa

kf`kaoa`of-sa 8/< pf`tf sa ghmth
g hmth f trdì`cumf
fu f kårkumf, oasoa qua axdsth prfpfrkdf`hmdohoa
prfpfrkdf`hmdohoa a`tra f quhorhof a f raktì`cumf.

^f`tuhãëf eèxdeh9 ? pf`tfs.

o) [dtuhãëf ramhtdvh ofs quhtrf amaea`tfs prd`kdphds

< pf`tfs - sflrapfsdãëf a`tra f trdì`cumf a f kårkumf fu fs saus aqudvhma`tas

rakf`bakåvads:
< pf`tfs - sflrapfsdãëf a`tra f trdì`cumf a f raktì`cumf fu fs saus aqudvhma`tas
rakf`bakåvads:
< pf`tfs - sflrapfsdãëf a`tra f kårkumf a f raktì`cumf fu fs saus aqudvhma`tas
rakf`bakåvads:
< pf`tfs - sflrapfsdãëf a`tra f quhorhof a f raktì`cumf fu fs saus aqudvhma`tas
rakf`bakåvads.

[a `ëf bè ehds of qua ueh sdepmas iusthpfsdãëf fu ueh axhcarhoh sflrapfsdãëf sû sa

oè 8 pf`tf.

H pf`tuhãëf eèxdeh ä oa 2 pf`tfs.

^f`tuhãëf eèxdeh oh gdcurh9 ;8 pf`tfs
^hrh ghkdmdthr f racdstf a h kfthãëf oa fs vèrdfs dta`s hvhmdhofs ä utdmdzhoh h gfmbh oa
racdstf.

Ä pfssåvam ghzar ueh h`èmdsa quhmdthtdvh ofs ohofs, phrh hmäe oa ueh h`èmdsa
quh`tdthtdvh, pfds phrh h h`èmdsa ofs dta`s axdstae hmcu`s phrìeatrfs qua pfoarëf sar
ùtads phrh h d`tarprathãëf oh prfvh, kfef h froae a h pfsdãëf of oasa`bf.
\amhtdvhea`ta î froae, oava-sa h`fthr h froae pamh quhm h krdh`ãh oasa`bfu fs vèrdfs
amaea`tfs prd`kdphds.

^hrh dssf, utdmdzh-sa f kûodcf qua ä htrdluåof h khoh gdcurh a qua sa a`kf`trh `h gfmbh oa
racdstf.

^fr axaepmf, sa f axhed`hofr h`fthr fs `ùearfs ;/8/</?, dssf sdc`dgdkh qua h krdh`ãh
kfeaãfu pfr oasa`bhr f raktì`cumf, sacud`of-sa f kårkumf, f quhorhof a pfr gde f
 

trdì`cumf.

Xuh`tf î pfsdãëf of oasa`bf, ä `akassèrdf hssd`hmhr quhm h pfsdãëf ohs gdcurhs ae

ramhãëf î gfmbh oa phpam. ^hrh dssf, utdmdzh-sa f asquaeh qua sa a`kf`trh `h gfmbh oa
racdstf.
^f`tfs Gfrtas
^f`tfs Grhkfs
- F tasta `ëf sa hpmdkh h eudths èrahs:

- Ä depfssåvam phrh passfhs kfe ghmth oa hkudohoa vdsuhm rahmdzhrae f tasta:

- H Gdcurh H hprasa`th oaehsdhofs amaea`tfs pfrea`frdzhofs

pfrea`frdzhofs qua odgdkumth h
eaefrdzhãëf ofs easefs
- _hragh oa kfepraa`sëf gèkdm:

- Gèkdm kfthãëf:

- Kurth ourhãëf:

- Gmaxdldmdohoa `h kfthãëf, ueh vaz qua sa lhsadh ae vèrdfs pf`tfs, `ëf sa mdedth`of î
htrdludãëf fu `ëf oa pf`tuhãëf:

- Hohpthof îs odgdkumohoas ohs krdh`ãhs,

krdh`ãhs, vdstf qua gfd krdhoh h Gdcurh L qua ä ehds
hprfprdhoh phrh hs krdh`ãhs.
\agaré`kdhs Ldlmdfcrègdkhs
Lrdkja`jhep, \. (<>>3). o<, _asta oa Hta`ãëf (8ªao). Mdslfh9 KACFK-_AH.

Kruz, W., _f`d, ^. & Fmdvadrh, O. ((<>88).

<>88). Hs Gu`ãñas Axakutdvhs `h Gdcurh Kfepmaxh
oa \ay9 \amhãëf a`tra ^mh`aihea`tf a Eaeûrdh `hs Ghsas of _asta. Lfmatde oa
^sdkfmfcdh, 78(8;?), 83-;>.

Garradrh, \., Gadm, K. & @u`as, E. (<>>4). F _asta Castèmtdkf Wdsfeftfr oa La`oar `h
hvhmdhãëf oa krdh`ãhs. ^sdkf-Q[G, 8?(<), 821-84<.

Iheus, O. & Eïoar, E. (<>>1). H Gdcurh Kfepmaxh oa \ay a [au ^hpam `h Hvhmdhãëf
 @aurfpsdkfmûcdkh.
 @aurfpsdkfmûcdkh. Ifur`hm fg Apdmapsy
Apdmapsy h`o Kmd`dkhm
Kmd`dkhm @aurfpbysdfmfcy
@aurfpbysdfmfcy,, 88(?), 84;-842.
Mazhj, E., Bfwdasf`, O. & Mfrd`c, O. (<>>?). @aurfpsykbfmfcdkhm
@aurfpsykbfmfcdkhm Hssassea`t (?ªao).
 @aw Tfrj9 Fxgfro Q`dvarsdty
Q`dvarsdty ^rass.

 @u`as, E. & Mfpas,

Mfpas, G. (<>>3).
(<>>3). Odgara`tas sdstaeh
sdstaehss oa hpmdkhãë
hpmdkhãëff a d`tarprathãëf of
_asta castèmtdkf Wdsfeftfr oa La`oar. \avdsth oa ^sdkfmfcdh oh Watfr Aodtfrh, 2(8), ?8-
?4.

^hsdh`, [. & ^hcmdusf, M. (<>>3). Hs Gdcurhs Kfepmaxhs oa \ay9 @frehs ^ramded`hras

kfe Krdh`ãhs oa 4 a 8> h`fs. ^[DKF, ;2(<), 8?2-817.

\ay, H. (<>><). _asta oa Kûpdh oa Gdcurhs Kfepmaxhs (<ªao). Mdslfh9 KACFK-_AH.

[dmvh, \. & @u`as, E. (<>>3). _asta Castèmtdkf Wdsfeftfr La`oar9 \ava`of suh
Bdstûrdh. Hvhmdhãëf ^sdkfmûcdkh, 7(8), 33-22.
 

Shssa`larc, \. at hm. (<>>2). Oavamfpea`t fg D`htta`tdf`, Depumsdvdty, h`o ^rfkassd`c

[paao hs Eahsurao ly tba o< _ast9 \asumts fg h Mhrca Krfss-saktdf`hm [tuoy d` Kbdmora`
Hcao 3-8;. Kbdmo @aurfpsykbfmfcy,
@aurfpsykbfmfcy, 8?, 841-<8.

7 dta`s: pf`tuhãëf eèxdeh9 81 pf`tfs

Dtae 89
Ae ramhãëf hf quhorhof pf`tdhcuof d`tadrhea`ta kfrratf, fs quhtrf ì`cumfs sëf
eaodofs kfe f huxåmdf oh crambh H: fs ì`cumfs oavae sar oa 4>¹, fu saih, raktfs,
eaod`of-sa f ì`cumf f ehds partf pfssåvam: h dcuhmohoa ofs mhofs ä khmkumhoh h fmbf `u:

Xuh`tf î raprfouãëf of quhorhof, asth pfoa sar kfepraa`odoh kfef9

- ue raktì`cumf pf`tdhcuof, ae qua fs ì`cumfs sëf raktfs, sa`of f kfeprdea`tf
`dtdohea`ta supardfr î mhrcurh:
- ue mfsh`cf, f`oa `a`bue ofs ì`cumfs ä raktf, ehs fs mhofs sëf tfofs dcuhds:
- ue phrhmamfcrhef pf`tdhcuof, kuif fs mhofs sëf phrhmamfs ofds h ofds a fs ì`cumfs `ëf
sëf raktfs:
- ue trhpäzdf raktì`cumf pf`tdhcuo
pf`tdhcuoff (ae qua ofds ì`cumfs kf`sakutdvfs sëf raktfs).

 @f quhordmètarf drracumhr

drracumhr pf`tdhcuof ax
axdstae
dstae quhtrf ì`cumfs
ì`cumfs `åtdofs a quhtrf mhofs,
mhofs,
sa`of astas oasdcuhds, axdstd`of `f eèxdef ue ì`cumf raktf.
Lahtrdz \hpfsf (`¹8;328;>>7)
(`¹8;328;>>7)
Ehrdh Eh`uam (`¹8;328;>8
( `¹8;328;>88)
8)