A4 2008-E

1. What is capacitance?
How does capacitance affect power factor?
Define unit measure of capacitance.
What is a power capacitor?
Show by calculation how capacitors are most efficiently connected (eg. 141uF, 48uF,
18uF, 60uf)
2. Discuss 5 reasons why you perform boiler efficiency tests (commissioning a new
boiler).
List 15 summary points you would include on your final report after testing.
3. You have just purchased a used steam turbine and speed reducing coupling.
a. List and discuss 6 checks you would perform on steam turbine.
b. List and discuss 4 checks you would perform on speed reducing coupling.
4. List 6 items to consider for comparison between a micro-turbine and reciprocating
engine,
(the purchase is to be used for back-up power for a plant)
a. Discuss and compare the two choices, using the above 6 points listed.
5. List and explain 8 different methods for removing flue gas particulate.
Discuss 2 methods of removing SOx from flue gas.
6. Annual power consumption questions.
The questions provide a 24 hour chart listing times and average megawatt usage for the
period.
The questions provide information on the average power consumption for all 12 months.
(as simple as this is, you must know how many days there are in every month to correctly
complete this question)
7. Steam flow calculations, from SOPEEC course.
a. PF (single phase)
b. Boiler efficiency

1A4
1. Electrical question- A) Why is a lagging power factor undesirable(4) marks
(16) 3 eletrical calculations not sure where they came from. Must be out of the old first.
Something like An induction motor has 6 poles 4% slip 220 volts .88 efficient calculate
the power, speed and torque. Best I can remember.

2. Steam at 10000 Kpa at 580 C at a turbine stop valve enters the condenser at 6.7 kpa.
Find the heat rate, dryness fraction at the condenser and the turbine output.

3. You are looking at buying and used turbine and gear reduction unit. Describe checks
you would do on both? 10 marks each

4. what is a regenerator in respect to gas turbines? (2) why would it be used? (2) Draw a
gas turbine with a regenerator with a regenerator(6) Draw a T S diagram of a gas turbine
with a regenerator and explain it (8) Why is a regenerator used only on micro turbines?
(2)

5. You are leading a team on a major retrofit. What would be in your protocol document?
What 4 main steps are involved? What would be the bottom line deliverables?

6. List the main criteria of a energy management program? Main steps to an energy
management program? Other than fuel costs what operational factors improve energy
management? How would you manage a fuel contract?

7. 7 critical items you would put on a commissioning protocol document? How do the
sub system work together with the critical systems? 5 Things safety codes try to ensure?

1A4
1 -Explain a lagging PF

-Name 2 ways of correcting PF other than a transformer and synchronous motor

-explain how to correct PF with a transformer and a synchronous motor

2- Name 7 reasons internal combustion engines are good for a distributed power system
-explain an internal combustion engine used for peak power? Base loading? Emergency
power?
-Name the big advantage an internal combustion engine has over a gas turbine?

3.-Condenser question
-figure out mean temp difference and terminal temp difference
-explain tube fouling, air leakage, and low CW flow and how exhaust temp, condensate
temp, and CW in and out temp vary.

4.Explain how inlet cooling improves gas turbine output

-Draw a enthalpy, entropy diagram for a gas turbine with intercooling
-Explain how intercooling improves efficiency referencing the diagram

5. Name 4 government Acts that apply to new power plant construction and explain.
-Explain environment policies for Air pollution? Water? Land? Ecosystems?

6. Explain how to minimize Nox and Sox emissions

-\Cant remember the other part of the question. Didn’t do

7. explain dynamic and static balancing

-explain with a diagram how stud heating works on a steam cylinder

1A4

One building of a Plant consuming 60KW of power with power factor of 0.702
Lagging and a supply voltage of 600V. Caculate the following.

Capacitor rating to establish the factor at unity.

Capacitor rating to establish the power factor at 0.90 lagging.

A turbine uses steam at 1750 KPa and 260C at the stop valve and exhausts to its
Condenser at 6.7KPa. What is the steam rate in kg steam per KWh? If the turbine
Power output is 3750 KW, what is the steam consumption. What is the percentage of
of efficiency that goes to the condenser.

Answer the following:

Define Vars and how is it calculated
Why is power factor correction important on a system, why is it undesirable.
How is power factor calculated, and how is it measured.
Name 5 ways in which power factor is managed.
Briefly describe a few items when commissioning
Wet scrubber ( 5 marks)
Dry scrubber ( 5 marks)
Baghouse ( 5 marks)
Precipitator ( 5 marks)

What are the systems and concerns included in the design of the contruction of a
new power plant for:

Water Pollution ( 5 marks)

Air Pollution ( 5 marks)
Ground Pollution ( 5 marks)
Ecological concerns ( 5 marks)

List 8 items to be tested (functionality or IT test) when commissioning a Large Forced

Draft Fan. (8 marks). And of those 8 items explain 6 of those in full detail. (12marks).

Explain how you would calculate boiler efficiency using the Heat Loss Method and
the Input - Output Method. (10 marks each.)