UNIT 5

PASSIVE VOICE
S + Be cs + V3

Sentences in English can be active and passive.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEANINGS
ACTIVE The subject does the action of the verb.
PASSIVE The subject receives the action of the verb.

Active : Ann wrote a poem yesterday.

S V2 O

Passive 1 : A poem was written by Ann yesterday.

Ssing V O of prep

Passive 2 : A poem was written yesterday.

S V

Follow the steps below to form passive sentences:

1. Change the object of an active sentence into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Change the verb to include a form BE and the past participle (V3) of the active verb.
3. Delete the active sentence subject or place it after the preposition by.
Examples 1:
1 Rina eats rice and satay every day. Rice and satay are eaten by Rina every day.

2 Two thieves stole a bicycle in the parking area. A bicycle was stolen by two thieves in the
parking area.
Examples 2: Model Test on TOEFL
1. The answer was knew by most of the class.
A B C D

2. The piano__ to the museum.

A. being donated B. that was donated C. donated D. was donated

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 1

 16 PASSIVE TENSES
Event
Simple (S) Continuous (C) Perfect (Pf.) Perfect Continuous (Pf. C.)
- Be cs + Pres. Pt Have cs + PP Have cs + Been + Pres. Part.
Time
Present (Pr.) is/am/are + V3 is/am/are + being + V3 have/has + been + V3 have/has + been + being + V3
BI/AI A mouse is being eaten by a
A mouse is eaten by a cat. cat. A mouse has been eaten by A mouse has been being eaten by a
a cat. cat.
Past (Ps) was/were + being + V3
was/were + V3 had + been + V3 had been + being + V3
Pt A mouse was eaten being by
A mouse was eaten by a A mouse had been eaten by A mouse had been being eaten by a
a cat.
cat. a cat. cat.
will/shall + be + V3 will/shall + be+ being + V3 will/shall + have +been + V3 will/shall + have + been + being + V3
Future (F) A mouse will be eaten by A mouse will be being eaten A mouse will have been A mouse will have been being eaten
Will/shall + BI a cat. by a cat. eaten by a cat. by a cat.

Past Future (Ps. F) would/should + have +been + would/should + have + been + being +
would/should + be + V3 would/should+be + being + V3
V3 V3
Would/should + BI A mouse would be eaten A mouse would be being
A mouse would have been A mouse would have been being eaten
by a cat. eaten by a cat.
eaten by a cat. by a cat.

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 2

PRACTICE 1: Underline the active verbs once and the passive verbs twice.
THE OLYMPICS
The word ”Olympics” comes from the name of town. Olympics in Greece, where the acient
Olympic games were always held. The first recorded Olympic games were held in 776 BC. The games
took place every fourth year after that date until they were abolished by Roman Emperor in A. D. 394 .
It was until 1875 when archeologists discovered the ruins of the Olympic stadium in Greece.
That interest in the games was renewed by Baron Pierre Coubertin, a French scholar
and educator, who proposed that the games should be revival as an international competition to
encourage both sport and world piece.
The first modern Olympic games were held in Athens in 1896 like their clasiccal predeceased
the athletes were men only. Women were admitted to the games in 1900. Since that time the games have
been held at four year intervals as in incent Greece. However since De Coubertin’s dream of world
peace has not been realized, the two World Wars prevented those of 1916 – 1940 and 1944 from being
led.
The Olympic games have been confined to amateur athletes despites a few recent exceptions.
There are pressures on the Olympic Authorities to admit other professionals. To the games such a step
world damage the entire concept of the Olympics.The following words appear on the scoreboard at
every Olympic opening :” The most important thing is not to win but to take part ” In contrast, the aim
of every professional to win.

PRACTICE 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
1. The word ”Olympic” (come) ______ form Olympia in Greece.
2. In A.D. 394 a roman emperor (abolish) ______ the Olympic Games.
3. In 1075 Archeologists (discover) __________ the ruins of the Olympic.
4. The French educator Pierre de Coubertin (propose) ________ that the games received.
5. Since 1896 the Olympic games ( be held ) __________ every four years with some exceptions
6. In the Olympic Games of 1896 the athletes (be ) _____ men only.
7. Women (be admitted) _________ in 1900.

PRACTICE 3. Correct the verb tenses in the following sentences where necessary.
1. The Olympics have taken place every four years between 779 A.C. and A.D. 394
2. Women started to participate in the games in 1900.
3. From 1896 to the present, the Olympic Games were held every four yours.
4. With a few recent exceptions, professional athletes do not take part in the Olympic Games.
5. In 1916, 1940 and 1944 the Olympics games not taken place.

PRACTICE 4. Change into passive voice.

1. I am listening to the very long dialogues at the moment.
2. She along with some new friends has been playing games since three hours ago.
3. The new author in this city has written many kinds of inspiring books.

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 3

 4. Didn’t Diana ask her dilligent doughter to open all the windows of their house?
5. The dog you met last night will not bite these three mice.
6. The government had increased the taxes the society must pay.
7. Doesn’t a mother buy some medicines for her step children?
8. Steven would not have forgotten to bring the camera.
9. The teacher is not going to begin several new chapters.
10. Some young men will have been reading newspapers.

PRACTICE 5. Each of the following sentences has a passive meaning. Underline twice the verbs that
should be passive then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I). Then correct for the errors.
I / had never 1. The boy had never be stung by a bee.
been stung
__________ 2. The suits were hung in the closet when they were returned from the cleaners.

__________ 3. Money is lending by the credit union to those who want to buy homes.

__________ 4. The record had been chose by dancers near the jukebox.

__________ 5. The topic for your research paper should have been approved by your advisor.

__________ 6. That song has been playing over and over again by Steve.

__________ 7. Their utility bills has been increased again and again.

__________ 8. The patients who are too sick to sit up are being assisted by the orderlies.

__________ 9. The offices were thoroughly clean last evening by the night crew.

__________ 10. The car that was struck in the intersection yesterday is being repaired today.

PRACTICE 6: Each of the following sentences contains at least one active verb; however, some of the
verbs should be passive. Underline the verbs once. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or
incorrect (I).
__ I 1. The car parked in a no-parking zone.
__ C _ 2. The physics exam began just a few minutes ago.
____ 3. Everything to organize the picnic has already done.
____ 4. The police investigated him because of his unusual actions.
____ 5. The package containing the necessary samples has just sent.
____ 6. The vacation to Europe will plan carefully before the scheduled departure date.
____ 7. The coffee turned bitter when it left on the stove for so long.
____ 8. The soccer game won in the closing minutes.
____ 9. The clothes made to rival the latest fashions of the season.
____ 10. When the roads are icy, the buses do not drive.

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 4

PRACTICE 7. Underline the verbs twice in the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are
correct (C) or incorrect (I).
____ 1. After the old radiator had be replaced, the travelers continued their cross-country trip.
____ 2. During the lightning storm, he struck in the head by a falling tree.
____ 3. While I am on vacation, the pets should be feeds every morning and evening.
____ 4. A book being written now by a team of writers will be published in the fall.
____ 5. I found out that the real estate agent had already been leased the condominium.
____ 6. The house that Mrs. Martin has always wanted to buy has just placed on the market.
____ 7. The foundation should have been finishing by the construction workers before they left the
construction site.
____ 8. We must leave that money in the checking account because the bills pay on the first of the
month.
____ 9. The horses can't be taken out now because they have been rode for the past few hours.
____ 10. It is being announced by a presidential aide that a lawyer from Virginia has been named
attorney general.

PRACTICE 8. Choose the best answer.

1. Our bookshelf _____ by the carpenter when you came.
A. is being repaired B. was being repaired
2. The compressor _____ by two young women last year before they finished working.
A. has been sold B. had been sold
3. She can’t be _____ by this gun.
A. force B. forced
4. He will change the password. The passive form is ____________.
A. The password will be changed by him B. The password would be changed by him
5. I didn’t recognize when the room _____.
A. was being painted B. is being painted
6. The passive form of the sentence “I have taken the sauce” is …
A. The sauce has been taken by me B. The sauce have been taken by me
7. The unique doll _____ by her last week.
A. was already bought B. is already bought
8. He is now _____ by the headmaster now.
A. being punished sadistically B. been punished sadistically
9. The next year grammar examination _____.
A. would be passed perfectly B. will be passed perfectly
10. He took the medical care for his illness. The passive form is __________
A. The medical care for his illness is taken by him.
B. The medical care for his illness was taken by him.
11. What is the formulation of passive voice for simple present tense?
A. S + is/am/are + V1 B. S + is/am/are + V3
12. What is the formulation of passive voice for present perfect tense?
PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 5
 A. S + have/has + been + being + V3 B. S + have/has + been + V3
13. We are going to watch Insidious tonight.
A. Insidious are going to be watched by us tonight.
B. Insidious is going to be watched by us tonight.
14. I will clean the house every Saturday afternoon.
A. The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday afternoon.
B. The house will cleaned by me every Saturday afternoon.
15. We painted the car amazingly.
A. The car was painted by us amazingly. B. The car is painted by us amazingly.
16. The two kings are encountering the treaty.
A. The treaty is been encountered by the two kings.
B. The treaty was being encountered by the two kings.
17. The cleaning crew vacuums and dusts the office every morning.
A. Every morning, the office are vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew.
B. Every morning, the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew.
18. In the 1990’s, this car ______.
A. is manufactured B. was manufactured C. will be manufactured
19. His first book _____ tomorrow morning.
A. is launched B. was launched C. will be launched
20. Last year, this child _____.
A. is adopted B. was adopted C. will be adopted

PRACTICE 9. CHANGE THE TENSES!

1. Diana would have been opening the broken windows.
a. S. Pr. +/AV = ……………………………………………………………………………
b. Pr. Pf. −?/PV = ……………………………………………………………………………
2. The dog bit a fish in the pond.
a. S. Pr. ?/PV = ……………………………………………………………………………
b. F. Pf. C −?/AV = ……………………………………………………………………………
3. Will the new president know many kinds of cultures in Bali?
a. Ps. Pf. C. −/PV = ……………………………………………………………………………
b. S. Pr. −?/AV = ……………………………………………………………………………
4. Your mother does not buy a medicine for Saras’ sisters.
a. Pr. Pf. −?/PV = ……………………………………………………………………………
b. S. Ps. +/PV = ……………………………………………………………………………
5. That sweet smart boy was really irresponsible.
a. Ps. F. Pf. C. ?/PV = ……………………………………………………………………………
b. Pr. Pf. C. −/AV = ……………………………………………………………………………

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 6

PRACTICE 10. COMPLETION
Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (active or passive) in parentheses.
1. Yesterday our teacher (arrive) _____________ five minutes late.
2. Our morning paper (read) ___________ by over 200,000 people every day.
3. Last night my favourite TV program (interrupt) _____________ by a special new bulletin.
4. That’s not my coat. It (belong)____________ to Louise.
5. Our mail (deliver) _______________ before noon every day.
6. The “b” in “comb” (pronounce, not) ________________________. It is silent.
7. A bad accident (happen) _________________ on Highway 95 last night.
8. When I (arrive) _______ at the airport yesterday, I (meet) ______ by my cousin and a couple of her friends.
9. Yesterday I (hear) __________ about Margaret’s divorce. I (surprise) __________ by the news. Janice (shock)
_______________.
10. A new house (build) ___________ next to ours next year.
11. Roberto (write) _______ this composition last week. That one (write) __________ by Abdullah.
12. Radium (discover) ____________ by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898.
13. At the soccer game yesterday, the winning goal (kick) ________ by Luigi. Over 100,000 people (attend)
___________ the soccer game.
14. A : Do you understand the explanation in the Lock?
B : No, I don’t. I (confuse) ___________ by it.
15. A : Where are you going to go to school next year?
B : I (accept) __________ by Shoreline Community College.
16. A : I think football is too violent.
B : I (agree) ___________ with you. I (prefer) _________________ baseball.
17. A : When (your bike, steal) ___________________________________?
B : Two days ago
18. A : (you , pay) ______________________your electric bill yet ?
B : No, I haven’t, but I’d better pay it today. If I don’t, my electricity (shut off) ________ by the power company.
19. A : Did you hear about the accident ?
B : No. What (happen) ________________?
A : A bicyclist (hit) _________________ by a taxi in front of the dorm.
B : (the bicyclist, injure) ________________________________________?
A : Yes. Someone (call) ____________an ambulance. The bicyclist (take) _________ in the emergency ward for
cuts and bruises.
B : What (happen) __________________ to the taxi driver?
A : He (arrest) ________________ for reckless driving.
B : He’s lucky that the bicyclist (kill, not) _____________.
20. The Eiffel Tower (be) _______ in Paris, France. It (visit)
___________ by millions of people every year. It (design)
_______________day/date: by Alexander Eiffel (1832-
1923). It (erect) ___________ in 1889 for the Paris
exposition. Since that time, it (be) ____________ the most
famous landmark in Paris. Today it (recognize) _______by
people throughout the world.

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 7

 PROGRESS TEST

TEST 1. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.

1. When archeologists discovered the ruins of the Olympic Stadium, interest in the Games ___
A. was renewed B. were renewed C. they were renewed D. renewed
2. The ancient Olympic Games _______ as amateur contests, but in time became professional.
A. Begun B. began C. beginning D. they began
3. Olympic Games are held every four years in a selected country, and ______ toathletes of all nations.
A. they are opened B. are opened C. they are open D. it is open
4. Winning first place in an event was the only glory in the ancient Games because second and third places
__________.
A. did not recognize B. are not recognized C. was not recognized D. were not recognized
5. Winners received a wreath ______ from the branches of the sacred olive tree.
A. Made B. was made C. making D. to make
6. After more than 1,500 years. 1896. the legendary Athens______ for the site of the first modern Olympics
A. were chosen B. was chosen C. is chosen D. chosen
7. Marathon, first staged in 1896, ______ the legendary feat of a Greek soldier who carried news Of
victory from the battlefield at Marathon to Athens
A. was commemorated B. commemorated C. commemorates D. commemorating
8. The Olympic torch _________ throughout the Games and is then extinguished at the closing ceremony.
A. Burning B. is burned C. burned D. burns
9. This can ______ enough soup for three people.
A. containing B. to contain C. contains D. is contained
10. This watch ______ to me by a friend.
A. gave B. is giving C. given D. is given
11. Bryan’s house ______ into several times.
A. has been broken B. was broken C. is broken D. has broken
12. Olivia _______ when her attorney arrived.
A. is questioning B. questions C. is being questioned D. was being questioned
13. The message ________ on an envelope.
A. writing B. has written C. writes D. was written
14. These parrots _________ several words.
A. to say B. can say C. can be said D. saying
15. Although the mission was to be kept a secret, it ______ to the press.
A. reveals B. revealed C. was revealed D. reveal
16. The secretary opened the email which ________ this morning.
A. is delivered B. was delivered C. has been delivered D. were delivered
17. The congressional committee _________ all foreign aid funds.

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 8

 A. have cut B. was cut C. cut D. cut it
18. In spite of its popular support, the radio program ______ off air very soon.
A. will take B. will be taken C. will be took D. will taken
19. The stockholder _______ questions to the board in a belligerent tone.
A. poses B. was posed C. were posed C. is posed
20. Seemingly reasonable people _______ strange things under stress.
A. have done B. does C. is done D. are done
21. The commissioners told the journalists that the problem _________ care of already.
A. has taken B. had been taken C. is done D. will be taken
22. The early settlers _______ the land for posture.
A. were cleared B. cleared C. clearing D. were being cleared
23. Government control of the press ______ by every concerned citizen.
A. has been opposed B. has opposed C. has been opposing D. opposed
24. In most cases, the current balance available in a checking or saving account______.
A. can be verified by telephone C. on the telephone can verify
B. be verified in verification by telephone D. can being verified by telephone
25. New England winters ______ among the coldest in the United States.
A. may be considering C. in consideration
B. may be considered D. being considered

26. Some workers were loading the containers into the van" The passive form is _________
"The containers __________ into the van."
A. were loaded B. are loading C. be loaded D. were being loaded
27. I became quite nervous when I knew that my speech ___________.
A. was to record B. being recorded C. to be recorder D. was being recorded
28. "Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow?"
"We don't know yet: they _________ by a team."
A. are still being selected C. are still selecting
B. still be selected D. still selected
29. “Last night someone broke into our house."
"Oh, dear. _______________?"
A. Did anything take C. Was anything taken
B. Anything to take D. Was anything being taken
30. "Can we get tickets for the second show of the 'Jurassic Park'?"
"I think they __________”
A. are already sold out C. were already sold out
B. have already been sold out D. are already being sold out
31. The shipment of logs _________ because of the bad weather.
A. they have been postponed C. being postpone
B. have been postponed D. has been postponed

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 9

32. The progress of this class needs ____________.
A. to be evaluated B. to evaluate C. in evaluating D. be evaluated
33. "Jacky looks very happy today."
"Don't you know that he _________ to General Manager?"
A. has been promoted B. has promoted C. is be promoted D. being promoted
34. "You seem to be waiting for something these days."
"That's true; I'm waiting _________ for an interview.
A. to be called B. to call C. be called D. be calling
35. Potatoes, now a major source of food worldwide, _____ to Europe by the Spanish in the 16th century.
A. were brought B. had been brought C. brought D. is brought
36. The importance of the laser lies in the great variety of its uses and the great number of benefits
________ in the field of medicine.
A. is expected B. are expected C. it expects D. expecting
37. "Hasn't Anita submitted her report yet?"
"I don't think so. It _________".
A. be printing B. is printing C. is being printed D. being printed
38. "I haven't got the report on the seminar held last week"
"I'm sure it ________ on your desk yesterday"
A. puts B. was put C. was being put D. is put
39. "When will the debate contest take place this year?"
"I'll let you know later when it ______________"
A. has not scheduled yet C. has to schedule
B. has been scheduling D. has not been scheduled yet
40. "Have you finished writing your final paper?" "Not yet."
From the above dialogue we may conclude that the paper ___________.
A. is ready to be submitted C. still has to be published
B. is rejected by the examiners D. still needs revising
41. "What time will the delayed plane depart?"
"They say that it __________ soon."
A. will announce B. is announced C. to be announced D. will be announced
42. The commissioners told the journalists that the problem _________ care of already.
A. has taken B. had been taken C. is done D. will be taken
43. The early settlers _______ the land for posture.
A. were cleared B. cleared C. are cleared D. clearing

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 10

TEST 2. COMPLETION
Direction: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (active or passive) in parentheses.
Almost everyone (enjoy) ________ visiting a zoo. Today zoos are
common. The first zoo (establish) _______around 3500 years ago by an
Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment. Five hundred years later, a
Chinese emperor (establish)______for the purpose of studying animals.

Some of the early European zoos were dark holes or dirty cages. At
the time, people (disgust) _________ by the bad conditions and the
mistreatment of the animals. Later, these early zoos (replace) _________ by
scientific institutions where animals (study) __________ and (keep)
________ in good condition. These research centers (become) _______ the
first modern zoos.

At early as the 1940s, scientists (understand) ___________that many kinds of wild animals faced extinctions.
Since that time, zoos (try) _________ to save many endangered species, but relying on zoos to save species such as
the rhinoceros is not enough. In the 1980s, the number of rhinos in the world (reduce) ____________ from 10,000 to
40,000. Many rhinos (kill) __________ by poachers, but many also (die) _________ in captivity. Zoo breeding
programs for rhinos have not been successful. The best method of conservation (be) ___________ to leave them in
their natural habitat. By 1999, there (be) ___________ more than 13,000 rhinos again living in the wild. These rhinos
(save) ___________ from extinctions by the strong conservation methods of local community government agencies,
and private landowners. Wildlife biologists still fear that some subspecies of the rhino in Africa and Indonesia
(become) _____________ extinct in the near future. Some scientists (believe) ______________that half of all animal
species in zoos will also be in danger of extinction by middle of this century.

Because zoos want to treat animals humanely and encourage breeding, today animals (put) ________in large,
natural settings instead of small cages. They (watch) ___________ carefully for any signs of disease and (feed)
________ a balanced diet. Most zoos (have) ___________ specially trained veterinarians and a hospital for animals.

They also have specially trained keepers. Food (prepare) ____________ in the zoo kitchen. The food
program (design) __________ to satisfy the animals’ particular needs. For example, some snakes (feed) __________
only once a week, while some birds (feed) ______________ several times a day. Today zoo animals (treat)
______________ well, and zoo breeding programs are important in the attempt to save many species of wildlife.

TEST 3. COMPLETION
Direction: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (active or passive) in parentheses.
In prehistoric time, huge herds of horse (live) __________ throughout the Americas. But then, for some
unknown reason, they (disappear) ___________ completely from North and South America. Even though the early
horses (die) ____________ out in the Americas, they (survive) ___________ in Asia.

Long ago, horses (domesticate) _________ by central Asian nomads. At first, horses (use) _________ in war
and in hunting, and oxen (use) ________ for farming. Later, horses also (become) ___________ farm animals.

Horses (reintroduces) _____________ into the Americas by Spaniards early in the fifteenth century. Spanish
explorers (come) ___________ in ships to the New World with their horses on board. When the explorers (return)
_____________ to Spain, they (leave) ____________ some of their horses behind. These (develop) _________ into
PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 11
wild herds. Native American tribes in the western plains (begin)__________ to use horses around 1600. Wild horses
(capture) _________ and (tame) __________ for use in war and in hunting.

In the 1800s, there were several million wild horses in North America. By the 1970s, chat number had
become less than 20,000. The wild horses (hunt) ____________and (kill) _____________principally for use as pet
food. Today in the United States, wild horses (protect) _____________ by law. They (can kill; not) ___________ for
sport or profit. What is your opinion? (wild horses, should protect)__________ by law?

TEST 4. ERROR ANALYSIS

Directions: All of the sentences in the following passage are active. Some of the sentences should be passive because
it is unknown or unimportant to know exactly who performs certain actions. Change sentences to the passive as
appropriate.
(1) Cheese has been a principal food throughout much of the world for thousands of years. (2) The first
cheese was probably made in Asia around four thousand years ago. (3) Today people eat it in almost all the countries
of the world. (4) People can eat it alone, or they may eat it with bread. (5) People can melt it and add it to noodles or
vegetables. (6) People can use it as part of a main course or as a snack. (7) Throughout most of the world, cheese adds
enjoyment and nutrition to many people’s daily diets.
(8) Cheese is a milk product. (9) Cheese makers make most cheese from cow’s milk, but they can make it
from the milk of goats, camels, yaks, and other animals, including zebras. (10) Some kinds of cheese, such as cheedar,
are common in many parts of the world, but you can find other kinds only in small geographical areas.
(11) Cheese makers produce cheese in factories. (12) They have to treat the milk in special ways. (13) They
must heat it several times during the process. (14) At the end, they add salt, and sell it. (16) They usually sell cheese
to stores in large round pieces that they seal in wax.
(17) You can see these big round of cheese in food stores like delicatessens. (18) I like cheese and buy it
often. (19) I don’t know all names of different kinds of cheese. (20) Often I can’t pronounce the foreign name of the
cheese I want. (21) When I go to the delicatessen near my apartment. I simply point to a kind of cheese that looks
good to me. (22) I hold my thumb and forefinger wide apart if I want a lot of cheese or close together if I want just a
little. (23) Frank and Anita, who work behind the cheese counter at the deli, always seem to give me just the right
amount. (24) I’m glad cheese is nutritious because it’s a one of my favourite kinds of food.

TEST 5. COMPLETION
Direction: Complete the sentences with any appropriate tense, active or passive, of the verbs in parentheses.
In prehistoric times, huge herds of horses (1) (live) _________ throughout the Americas. But then,
for some unknown reason, they (2) (disappear) __________ completely from North and South America.
Even though the early horses (3) (die) _________ out in the Americas, they (4) (survive) ________ In Asia.
Long ago, horses (5) (domesticate)* _____________ by central Asia Nomads. Amirst, horses (6)
(use) ___________ in war and in hunting, and oxen (7) (use) ____________ for farming. Later, horses also
(8) (become) _______________ farm animals.
Horses (9) (reintroduce) ____________ into the Americas by Spaniards early in the fifteenth
century. Spanish explorers (10) (come) ___________ in ships to the New World with their horses on board.
When the explorers (11) (return) ___________ to Spain, they (12) (leave)__________ some of their horses

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 12

behind. These (13) (develop) ___________ into wild herds. Native American tribes in the western plains (14)
(begin) ___________to use horses around 1600. Wild horses (15) (capture) ____________and (16) (tame)
___________for use in war and in hunting.

In the 1800s, there were several million wild horses in North America. By the 1970s, that number
had become less than 20,000. The wild horses (17) (hunt) _____________ and (18) (kill) _____________
principally for use as pet food. Today in the United States, wild horses (19) (protect) ______________ by
law. They (20) (can, kill, not)______________ for sport or profit. What is your opinion? (21) (wild horses,
should protect) ______________ by law.

TEST 6. ERROR ANALYSIS

Direction: In the sentence below, identify the one underlined phrase that is incorrect.
1. Although some difficulty was expected, the extent of the problem was not known until the
A B
project completed and the final report was distributed.
C D

2. Metal must be hammer, worked, and cooled rapidly to relieve internal stresses which are caused
A B C
by heating.
D

3. To add distilled water to the test tube, the technician was inserted as large-gauge hollow needle
A B
through a cork in the base made of opaque material.
C D

4. Investors were applied theories to everyday phenomena to create products for man use.
A B C D

5. A stain that has first been soaked in solvent can then easily removed by adding water which has
A B C
been distilled.
D

6. Spacecraft destined for orbit will be propelling from Earth by rockets developed by a West coast
A B C
engineering firm.
D

7. The well-known, well-advertised products developed by major corporations have become an

A B C
industry standard to emulated rather than improved upon.
B
8. Meteorologists have been detected a gradual warming of the Earth’s atmosphere that will cause
A B C
rising water levels.
D

9. Risks that are taking by today’s entrepreneurs are considerable and, while stimulating, pose -
A B C D
threats to their financial security.
10. Oil and gold, both of which had an unparalleled price increase in the 90s, have not been popular
A B
recently and not placed on the most favored stock lists.
C D

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 13

TEST 7. TOEFL−LIKE TEST
A. Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1. _____ discussed by the board of directors when it was proposed again by the supervisors.
(A) The problem had already (C) The problem had already been
(B) The problem is already (D) The problem has already

2. Much of the carnage of elephants, giraffes, and big cats uncaring hunters.
(A) must commit by (C) must have committed
(B) must be committed (D) must have been committed by

3. The x-ray treatments up to the time that he was dismissed from the hospital.
(A) gave daily (C) basically have given
(B) were given daily (D) daily had been given

B. Choose the letter of the underlined words or group of words that are not correct. Then correct them.
____ 4. Particular issues that concern teenagers were covering in the half-hour program.
A B C D
____ 5. Electrical impulses may also picked up by the optic nerve.
A B C D
____ 6. Workers training for a specific job have a strong possibility of being replace by a machine
A B C D
____ 7. On June 30, 1992, international timekeepers in Paris were added an extra second to the day.
A B C D
____ 8. The report could not be turned in on time because all the needed work lost.
A B C D
____ 9. In English these questions have be formed by changing the word order of a statement,
A B C
whereas in some languages the word order remains the same.
____ D
____ 10. He was not able to define the process by which the body had protected
A B C D
by the immunologic system.

TEST 8. TOEFL−LIKE TEST

A. Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.
1. __ Big Dipper, a seven-star constellation in the shape of a cup, is part of Ursa Major.
(A) The (B) It is the (C) With the (D) That the
2. The Military Academy at West Point on the west bank of the Hudson River, north of New York
City.
(A) located (B) is located (C) which is located (D) whose location is
PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 14
3. ___ impressive chapter in the book was the chapter on Stuart's scientific theories.
(A) It was the most (B) The most (C) Most (D) Most of the

B. Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not correct. Then correct the errors.
____ 4. The first fish have appeared on the earth approximately 500 million years ago.
A B C D
____ 5. Only rarely sound waves are of a single frequency encountered in practice.
A B C D
____ 6. Cameos can be carved not only from onyx and sardonyx or from agate. .
A B C D
____ 7. Although most of the wild horses on the western range have already been
A B
rounded up, the most remote the area, the greater the possibility that wild horses can still be found.
C D
____ 8. During this period, $206 was spend annually on food by families in the lower third income bracket.
A B C D
____ 9. The dangers of noise are, unfortunately, not as clear-cut than are those
A B C
from most other health hazards.
D
____ 10. In a recent survey of Americans, more than 75 percent expressed the view
A B
that the government it should take a more active role in health care.
C D

PASSIVE VOICE | HI-ENGLISH_GRAMMAR FOR INTERMEDIATE UP TO ADVANCED LEVEL 15