Me Solutions

TEST ID: 301
ASSISTANT ENGINEERS
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(PAPER-II)
SOLUTIONS
01. Ans: (2) 03. Ans: (4)

B.P B.P Sol: Vertical component of hydrostatic force on
Sol: m  
I.P B.P  F.P submerged curved surface is equal to weight
B.P of fluid (gravity force of fluid) vertically
0.8   0.8 B.P + 20 = B.P
B.P  25
above the curved surface upto the free
0.2 B.P = 20
surface of liquid.
20 20 200
B.P    = 100 kW
0.2 2 / 10 2
04. Ans: (1)
I.P = B.P + F.P
Sol: Super heater is used to increase the
= 100 + 25
temperature of steam above the saturation
= 125 kW
temperature. It helps in reducing the steam
consumption per given output and reduces
02. Ans: (1)
the condensation losses. Super heater
Sol: Cltuch - engage/disengage power
increases the overall thermal efficiency of
Gear box - to provide speed/torque ratios
boiler plant.
Differential - to provide relative movement
between two wheels
05. Ans: (1)
Universal Joint - to transmit power at an
Sol: Axles are subjected to bending moment due
angle.
to transverse load like bearing reactions but
it does not transmit the useful torque.
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2 TSPSC AE
06. Ans: (3) 64

Friction factor, f =
Re
1 1 1

Sol: W  kx 22  kx12 = k x 22  x12
2 2 2
 1
 f
Re
1  10 2  1 2 
 1000        5J
2  100   100  
12. Ans. (1)
Sol: Repressing is performed on PM components
07. Ans: (1) to increase the density and improve the
Sol: Slope of a fusion curve is given by
mechanical properties. During re-pressing
 dP  latent heat of fusion
  the density of the part is generally increased,
 dT  
Tsat v   vs especially if the as-sintered density is low.
On freezing, substance expands In certain cases where strength and other
 s
v >v l
mechanical properties are required to be at
 dP  maximum, re-pressing is used principally to
Hence,    negative
 dT  achieve such densification. Further
 Slope is negative improvement is achieved by re-sintering.
08. Ans: (4) 13. Ans: (1)

Sol: Hex Bolt M 16 NL – IS : 1363 → a bolt Sol: At EOQ, Order cost = Inventory carrying
with a nut and a lock nut. cost.
09. Ans: (2) 14. Ans: (4)

Sol: According to Kennedy’s theorem, the IC’s Sol. Malleability: Malleability is the ability of a
of the above problem lies on a straight line. material to be deformed plastically without
rupture under a compressive load.
10. Ans: (4)
Sol: Delphi method is used in Long range 15. Ans: (4)
forecasting. Sol: Service time in queuing theory is usually
assumed to follow negative exponential
11. Ans: (1) distribution.
Sol: For laminar flow,
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3 Mechanical Engineering _Solutions
16. Ans: (4) 19. Ans:(2)

h Sol: The pickling process consists of immersing
Sol: h
2 the forgings in a tank filled with an acid
I hcp h
h cp h h
solution, which is 12 to 15 percent
Ah C.G
C.P concentrate of H2SO4 in water. The solution
3
bh
h 12 h h acts to loosen the hard scale from the
   
2 bh h / 2  2 6
(side view)
forging surface and remove it.
2
h cp  h
3
20. Ans. (3)
Sol. Toughness: It is defined as the ability of the
17. Ans: (1) material to absorb energy upto fracture
Sol: Carburetor is used in case of SI engines during the plastic deformation. It is the
only. The function of carburettor is to property which is desirable in parts
supply the mixture of fuel and air to the subjected to shock and impact loads.
combustion chamber as per requirements
such as rich mixture, lean mixture etc.
21. Ans:(2)
The requirement of mixture to be supplied
Sol: Preheating: Heating the joint before actual
may vary according to speed and load. welding operation is called preheating.
These all requirements are taken care by 1. For removing the dirtiness present on
carburettor fuel supply system. weld joint.
2. During joining of high thermal
18. Ans: (4) conductivity and high melting point
Sol: The probability factor materials.
TS  TE
z 3. Whenever the welding speeds are to be

increased.
18  15
 1 4. During joining of high thermal
3
expansion materials.
For z = 1, probability = 84.13%
5. During joining of ring like structure, the
ring can be preheated at the place
exactly opposite to that of weld bead.
4 TSPSC AE
22. Ans: (1) 27. Ans: (3)

Sol: For springs in series: effective stiffness is Sol: Infact freely falling object is to be taken as
1 1 1 fully submerged body in air. For fully
 
K e K1 K 2 submerged body for stability centre gravity
K1K 2 of body should be below centre of
Therefore, K e 
K1  K 2 Buoyancy.
23. Ans: (1) B

Sol: The amount of energy absorbed by a
flywheel is determined from the torque –
crank angle diagram. G
Ex: parachute
24. Ans: (4)
Sol: In thin cylinder longitudinal stress, l = 28. Ans: (1)
h/2. (h = hoop stress) Sol: The main objective of supercharging is to
obtain more power by burning the large
25. Ans: (4) amount of fuel or to reduce the weight and
WT  WC 600  400 size of the engine for a given power output.
Sol: Th = 
QS 1000
 0.2 (or) 20 % 29. Ans:(2)

Sol: Residual Stresses:
26. Ans. (1) • The plates may be forcefully held in position
Sol. The most common copper alloys are the while the welding is being done.
brasses for which zinc, as a substitutional • When the contraction of the weld is thus
impurity, is the predominant alloying restrained, distortion is reduced. Preventing
element. Brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) contraction is equivalent to stretching or
is one of the earliest alloys developed and straining the cold metal.
has numerous applications, including • As such when there is a strain, there is a
decorative objects. stress, therefore it is clear that in welding a
restrained joint internal stresses are set up.
• The restraining is mainly by external force or 31. Ans.(2)

due to rigidity of the members. Sol. Wrought iron: It has a far higher tensile
• In addition there are thermal stresses caused strength and is more ductile than cast iron.
due to differential rates of heating and However, the manufacturing process gives
cooling. wrought iron a laminar structure, so that its
• All these stresses are called contraction out-of-plane properties are often inferior.
stresses or cooling stresses or locked up Wrought iron was labour-intensive to
stresses or residual stresses. manufacture and consequently was often
• The residual stresses in a restrained joint are used in combination with cast iron, or
higher than those joints which are free to girders were fabricated by riveting together
distort during welding. smaller wrought iron sections. These
• The effect of these residual stresses is to sections were used in girder and truss
increase the possibility of cracks or bridges (examples of which remain common
permanent failures, to reduce the fatigue on the UK rail network). Wrought iron was
strength of the joint and to increase the also used to form roof trusses and tie rods
tendency to distort on subsequent heating or and to support brick jack arches.
during machining.
32. Ans: (4)
30. Ans: (1) WAir 400 400
Sol: S    2
Sol: Gas turbine works on Brayton cycle also WAir  WWater 400  200 200
called as Joule cycle.
It has two isobaric and two isentropic 33. Ans:(2)
processes. Sol: Diamond cutting tool:
T 3
2 It has
4 • Extreme hardness
1
s • Low thermal expansion
1-2 = Isentropic compression in compressor • High thermal conductivity
2-3 = Isobaric heat addition • Very low coefficient of friction
3-4 = Isentropic expansion in turbine • Cutting speeds are ranging from 1500 to
4-1 = Isobaric heat rejection 2000 m/ min
6 TSPSC AE
• On ferrous metals diamonds are not suitable semicircular) are employed, normally on
because of the diffusion of carbon atoms large work pieces. Forged articles have
from diamond to work-piece. outstanding grain structures and the best
• Can withstand above 1500°C combination of mechanical properties.
• A synthetic (manmade) diamond with Wrenches, and automotive crankshafts and
polycrystalline structure is recently piston connecting rods are typical articles
introduced and made by powder metallurgy formed using this technique.
process.
• Used as turning and boring tools, milling 36. Ans: (4)
cutters, reamers, grinding wheels, honing Sol: Incompressible, steady and 2-D flow
tools, grinding wheel dressing etc. continuity equation:
 = Constant
34. Ans: (2) Hence flow is incompressible
Sol: In Diesel engines during suction stroke only u v
  0 for steady flow
air is admitted where as in Petrol engines x y
Air Fuel Mixture is admitted into the
combustion chamber. 37. Ans: (2)
Sol: Pressure compounded turbine → Rateau
35. Ans. (2) Turbine
Sol. Forging is mechanically working or Velocity compounded turbine → Curtis
deforming a single piece of a normally hot turbine
metal; this may be accomplished by the
application of successive blows or by 38. Ans:(3)
continuous squeezing. Forgings are Sol: Stabler relation: Simultaneously Stabler
classified as either closed or open die. For tried to validate the Merchant’s shear angle
closed die, a force is brought to bear on two relation but he failed and derived another
or more die halves having the finished shape shear angle relation experimentally.
such that the metal is deformed in the cavity
between them. For open die, two dies having
simple geometric shapes (e.g., parallel flat,
39. Ans: (2) 40. Ans: (4)

Sol: Air standard efficiency of Brayton cycle is: Sol: D1 = 450 mm = 0.45 m,
1 D2 = 300 mm = 0.3 m,
 1
 
 1
rp  D3 = 200 mm = 0.2 m
P
2 3 Let Q1, Q2 and Q3 be the discharge in pipe
1,2&3 respectively.
s =c s =c
4 By continuity equation
1
V Q1 = Q2+Q3
So, it depends only on pressure ratio.  A1V1 = A2V2+A3V3

π π π
Pressure ratio, rp 
P2   D12  V1   D 22  V2   D32  V3
P1 4 4 4
π π π
Compression ratio, rc 
V1   0.45 2  3   0.32  2.5   0.2 2  V3
V2 4 4 4
For isothermal compression process 1-2  V3 = 9.56 m/sec
P1V1  P2 V2
41. Ans.(4)

P2  V1 
     rp  rc Sol. Malleable Iron: When castings of white cast
P1  V2 
iron are heat treated to separate the carbon
Again writing efficiency formula:
out of solution and form graphite
1 1
 1 1 aggregates, the resulting metal is called
r 
 1
rc 1
p 
malleable iron. The new microstructure can
Also, Otto cycle efficiency is possess substantial ductility (up to 20%
1 elongation)—a significant difference from
0  1 
rc 1
the metal out of which it was transformed.
From above discussion, it is clear that Typical products made of malleable cast
Brayton cycle and Otto cycle will have same iron include pipe fittings and flanges, certain
efficiency values if compression ratio is machine components, and railroad
maintained same in both cases. equipment parts.
8 TSPSC AE
42. Ans:(2) with increase of cutting velocity, the time

Sol: Maximum production rate criteria (Minimum required for producing component reduces
total time criteria): first and then increases
For maximizing the production rate, the total  At some point the time required will become
time required for producing a component minimum and corresponding velocity is
should be as minimum as possible. This is called optimum cutting velocity.
also called minimum total time criteria dTotal time 
For minimum total time =0
Total time = TL&S + Tm + Ttc + TU&I dV
n
TL&S = time needed for loading and setting  n 1
V  Vopt  C . 
Tm = machining time 1  n TC 
Ttc = tool changing time 1
 C  n 1  n 
TU&I = time needed for unloading and Topt     .TC 
 Vopt   n 
inspection
Out of the above time, only the machining
time and tool change time are influenced by 43. Ans. (4)
cutting velocity. Sol. Cyaniding: Also called ‘liquid
 Total time = K2 + Tm + Ttc carbonitriding’, the cyaniding process

involves addition of carbon and nitrogen to
L D
Tm  
fN 1000 f V the cases of carbon steels and alloy steels.
This is achieved by heating the steel in
1
 Tm 
V contact with a molten bath of cyanide. The
Ttc = No.of tools required × time cyanide bath may consist of sodium cyanide,
required/change potassium cyanide or potassium
Tm ferro-cyanide with inert salts such as sodium

Ttc   Tc
T chloride and sodium carbon ate which
1
1 provide the necessary fluidity to the cyanide
DLV n
Ttc  1 bath. The bath is maintained at a
1000 f C n
temperature from 750 to 850°C and the
1/n – 1
 Ttc V contact time is between 30 and 60 minutes.
Total Time = k2 + Tm + Ttc This produces a reasonable case depth of
nearly 0.15 mm.
44. Ans: (2) the axial and radial directions. The cutting
Sol: Internal combustion engines are more tool is mounted on a spindle that rotates in
compact and occupy less space. IC engines the headstock, which is capable of both
are easy to start and they possess high vertical and longitudinal movements. Drills,
thermal efficiency. reamers, taps, and milling cutters also can be
mounted on the machine spindle. A vertical
45. Ans: (3) boring mill is similar to a lathe, has a
Sol: Degree of reaction of steam turbine is vertical axis of work piece rotation, and can
defined as the ratio of enthalpy drop in accommodate work pieces with diameters as
moving blades to the enthalpy drop in a much as 2.5 m.
stage.
h moving blades 47. Ans: (1)
R
h stage Sol: Given: Z1 = Z2
h moving blades P1
  32 cm of fluid
h moving blades  h nozzles 
R = 0 for pure impulse steam turbine V12

 4 cm of fluid
2g
R = 1 for pure reaction steam turbine
R  (0, 1) for impulse reaction steam P2 V22
 0, ?
 2g
turbine.
Applying Bernoulli’s equation between
section (I) and (II)
46. Ans:(2)
P1 V2 P V2
Sol: Boring operations on relatively small work  Z1  1  h L  2  Z 2  2
 2g  2g
pieces can be carried out on lathes; large
V22
work pieces are machined on boring mills. 32  4  0  0 
2g
These machine tools are either horizontal or
V22
vertical and are capable of performing   36 cm.
2g
various operations, such as turning, facing,
V22 V12
grooving, and chamfering. In horizontal   36  4  9
2g 2g
boring machines, the work piece is mounted
V22 V
on a table that can move horizontally in both 2
9  2 3
V1 V1
10 TSPSC AE
48. Ans. (1)  u 2  V12  2uV1 cos 1 

 V12   

Sol: Chromium improves toughness, wear  2 
resistance, and high-temperature strength.
 
1 2
2
V1  u 2  2uV1 cos 1 
Vanadium improves toughness, abrasion
resistance, and hot hardness. Work

Energy input
Tungsten and cobalt have similar effects,
u 2V1 cos 1  u 
namely, improved strength and hot hardness. 
Molybdenum improves wear resistance, 2

1 2
V1  u 2  2uV1 cos 1 
toughness, and high-temperature strength  2u  u  
2
2 cos 1    
and hardness.  V1  V1  
  2
 u   u 
1     2  cos 1
49. Ans: (1)  V1   V1 
Sol: VW2 VW1 2
 2
A
U
B

2a cos 1  a 2  1 
2 1 2 1 C
For max, 2acos1 – a2 + 1 should be
Vf2 V2
Vr1 Vf1
maximum.
Vr2 V1
D d
da

2a cos 1  a 2  1  0 
 u Vw1  Vw 2 
Power, P = m a = cos 1 =
u
V1
V12 Vr22  Vr21
Energy input =  Maximum efficiency :
2 2
But, Vr2 = V1 2 cos2 1
max 
cos2 1  1
Vr21
Energy input = V12 
2
 u Vw1  Vw 2  u Vw1  Vw 2 
m 50. Ans:(3)
stage  
 2 Vr21  V2
  V1 
m  V12  r1 Sol: Planing: The work piece during the
 2  2
 machining operation will have to remain
Energy input : fixed to the table. Since heavy cuts are made
Vr21 in planing, the cutting forces are also large
= V12 
2
and the work piece should not be shifted due
to these forces. Most of the time complex
work pieces will be machined, so the setting 52. Ans:(3)

up process requires heavy duty T-bolts, Sol: Drill margin edges come into contact with
clamps, angle plates, planer jacks, step the surface of the drilled hole, hence their
blocks and stops to cater to the wide variety wear has a significant effect on the hole’s
of geometries that can be handled. quality. At the very end of the drilling
process, lateral vibration is the only visible
evidence of margin degradation.
Thermal softening is a heat treatment
procedure that eliminates lattice flaws that
were incorporated into the structure of
aluminium during cold working (such as
rolling or cold impact extrusion).
51. Ans. (2) Additionally, the ductility rises as a result of
Sol: In iron with less than 0.77% C, the this. Thermal softening takes place at a
microstructure formed consists of a pearlite temperature lower than the recrystallization
phase (ferrite and cementite) and a ferrite temperature, in contrast to soft annealing.
phase. The ferrite in the pearlite is called During machining, particularly at high
eutectoid ferrite, and the ferrite phase is cutting temperatures and pressures, work
called proeutectoid ferrite (pro meaning hardening and heat softening effects are
before). Poreutectoid ferrite forms at a induced in the work piece material. Due to
temperature higher than the eutectoid the thermal softening effect, it was
temperature of 727°C in the alpha + gamma discovered that while cutting titanium
region. If the carbon content is higher than alloys, the hardness immediately below the
0.77%, the austenite transforms into pearlite machined surface was softer than the bulk
and cementite. The cementite in the pearlite material hardness. The hardness value,
is called eutectoid cementite, and the however, begins to rise as the distance
cementite phase is called proeutectoid below the machined surface grows, peaks,
cementite because it forms in the alpha + and then progressively declines to the bulk
Fe3C region, at a temperature higher than the material hardness. The effect of work
eutectoid temperature. hardening is directly related to the increase
12 TSPSC AE
in hardness value. The temperature, cutting perfect conditions for tool material to diffuse
period, and internal stress relaxation across the interface. Carbon easily interacts
mechanism all have an impact on this result. with titanium due to the strong chemical
The two main mechanisms for tool wear are reactivity of titanium alloys. As a result, the
attrition and diffusion, particularly in the interface between the tool and work material
drill’s helical flute. These mechanisms of is where titanium carbide forms.
tool wear result in the catastrophic collapse
of the drill with further drilling. 53. Ans: (4)
By the adhering chip or work-piece, attrition Sol: Impulse turbine velocity variation (Velocity
wear refers to the elimination of grains or drops only in moving blades and pressure
agglomerates of tool material. This might drops only in fixed blades / nozzles)
occur as a result of the inconsistent chip N MB
flow and the breaking of a partially stable
V1  V2
built-up edge causing intermittent adhesion V0
between the tool and the work piece. Small V1 V2
V0
tool fragments can be pulled out when the
P0 V1
connection between the tool and the work V2
P1
V0
piece is broken because the binder becomes
weaker and the material is transferred by the Reaction turbine velocity variation (Velocity
work piece or the bottom of the chip. During drops only in moving blades and pressure
machining operations, fatigue can cause drops in both fixed and moving blades.)
cracks to form and promote their spread on Steam Flow F M F M F M F M
the tool.
Pressure
When titanium alloys are being machined at
high temperatures and pressures, diffusion
wear is related to the chemical affinity Velocity
between the materials of the work piece and

the tool. At temperatures exceeding 800°C, Parson turbine velocity variation (Velocity
the tool-work piece interface is in close drops only in moving blades and pressure
contact with one another, creating the drops in both fixed and moving blades. Also
there are multiple stages of fixed and containing the desired form. The metal is
moving blades). The Parson turbine being a stressed in tension to a level above its yield
reaction turbine with 50% degree of reaction point. When the tension loading is released,
so its velocity variation will be same as the metal has been plastically deformed.
reaction turbine shown above.
57. Ans.(3)
54. Ans: (2) Sol: Machinability is the characteristic of the
Sol: Euler’s equation of motion is based on work material expressing its ease of
Newton’s second law of motion for inviscid machining. However convenient it looks, it
fluid. Momentum will be conserved only is a characteristic which is difficult to
when net applied force is zero. Hence, most quantify. Unfortunately like other
appropriate answer is option (2). characteristics of the material it is not a
simple property. For example, hard work
55. Ans. (4) materials are difficult to machine. However,
Sol: Hot dipping goes by different names, hardness alone would not be able to specify
depending on coating metal: galvanizing is the machinability, since it also depends on
when zinc (Zn) is coated onto steel or iron; the other characteristics such as tool
aluminizing refers to coating of aluminum materials used, process parameters, etc.
(Al) onto a substrate; tinning is coating of
tin (Sn); and terneplate describes the plating 58. Ans:(2)
of lead–tin alloy onto steel. Sol: The adhesion friction factor in a plastic
deformation process can be easily and
56. Ans:(3) accurately determined using the
Sol: Stretch forming: Stretch forming is a sheet- compression ring test, which is widely
metal deformation process in which the acknowledged as a totally valid method. Its
sheet metal is intentionally stretched and methodology is based on the application of
simultaneously bent in order to achieve geometric alterations to the strained ring
shape change. The work part is gripped by itself, such as a reduction in thickness and a
one or more jaws on each end and then reduction in bore inner diameter.
stretched and bent over a positive die
14 TSPSC AE
59. Ans: (3) angle (as well as an increase in the included

Sol: V2  44.72 h  44.72 100  447 .2 m / sec angle between bent portions). Such a metal
movement is called spring back
60. Ans. (1) phenomenon.
Sol: Case hardening is an important process for • It is caused by the elastic stresses remaining
improving the wear and fatigue resistance of in the bend area. Spring back depends upon
parts. Several methods are available, among the following factors:
them carburizing, nitriding, induction (i) Material type
hardening, and laser-beam hardening. (ii) Thickness

(iii) Hardness
61. Ans:(4) (iv) Bend radius
Sol: Cemented carbide is the hardest

manufactured material and has extremely 64. Ans: (1)
high compressive strength. However, it is Sol: Surging: The complete breakdown of
very brittle, has low resistance to shock, and steady through flow is called surging.
must be very rigidly supported to prevent Surging is also described as unsteady,
cracking. periodic and reversal of flow of air flowing

through compressor.
62. Ans. (3) Surging is the violent air flow oscillating in
Sol: Alpha ferrite also denoted α-ferrite or the axial direction of a compressor, which
simply ferrite, is a solid solution of body- indicates the axial component of fluid
centred cubic iron; it has a maximum solid velocity varies periodically and may even
solubility of 0.022% C at a temperature of become negative.
727 °C.
65. Ans. (4)
63. Ans:(1) Sol: The eutectoid temperature may be raised or
Sol: Spring Back: lowered from 727°C, depending on the
• In bending after the applied force is particular alloying element. On the other
withdrawn the metal tries to resume its hand, alloying elements always lower the
original position causing a decrease in bend eutectoid composition; that is, its carbon
content is lower than 0.77%. Lowering the 67. Ans: (2)

eutectoid temperature means increasing the
 V 2  aV.V 2
1 1
Sol: Power  m
austenite range; as result, an alloying 2 2
element such as nickel is known as an 1
 aV 3
2
austenite former. Because nickel has an FCC
1  
structure, it favours the FCC structure of  1000    0.12 2   403
2 4 
austenite. Conversely, chromium and
= 362 kW
molybdenum have a BCC structure, thus
favouring the BCC structure of ferrite.
68. Ans:(2)
These elements are known as ferrite
Sol: Sliding mesh gear box is the simplest type of
stabilizers.
gear box. Clutch gear is rigidly fixed to the
clutch shaft and always remains meshed to
66. Ans:(1)
the counter shaft. Gears on counter shaft are
Sol: Galvanic corrosion occurs when two metals
rigidly fixed. Main shaft is a splined shaft.
or alloys having different compositions are
electrically coupled while exposed to an
69. Ans:(4)
electrolyte. The less noble or more reactive
Sol: Compacted-graphite Iron: The graphite in
metal in the particular environment will
this structure is in the form of short, thick,
experience corrosion; the more inert metal,
interconnected flakes having undulating
the cathode, will be protected from
surfaces and rounded extremities. The
corrosion.
mechanical and physical properties of this
Crevice Corrosion: Electrochemical
cast iron are intermediate between those of
corrosion may also occur as a consequence
flake-graphite and nodular-graphite cast
of concentration differences of ions or
irons.
dissolved gases in the electrolyte solution,
and between two regions of the same metal
70. Ans:(2)
piece. For such a concentration cell,
Sol: Form is the characteristic that describe the
corrosion occurs in the locale that has the
feature geometry and the inter-relationship
lower concentration.
of the part features.
16 TSPSC AE
71. Ans: (4) large parts with minimal distortion. Typical

Sol: uses of maraging steels are in dies and
tooling for casting, molding, forging, and
extrusion
73. Ans:(2)
Sol: Rough turning is the removal of excess
stock from a work piece as rapidly and
efficiently as possible.
Fig: schematic diagram of a centrifugal Small nose radius
compressor • Ideal for small cutting depth
In the above figure, we can see that there is • Reduces vibration
impeller at the inlet (near to shaft) and • Less insert strength
diffuser at outlet. Large nose radius
The space between impeller tip and inner • Heavy feed rates
edge of diffuser is called vaneless space. • Large depths of cut
• Strong edge
72. Ans:(2) • Increased radial forces
Sol: Maraging: This is a precipitation-hardening The radial forces that push the insert away
treatment for a special group of highstrength from the cutting surface becomes more axial
iron-base alloys. The word maraging is as the depth of cut increases. It is preferable
derived from martensite age hardening, a to have more axial forces instead of radial,
process in which one or more intermetallic which have a negative effects on the cutting
compounds are precipitated in a matrix of action e.g. with more tendencies to vibrate
low-carbon martensite. A typical maraging and bad surface finish with increased radial
steel may contain 18% Ni in addition to forces.
other elements, and aging is done at 480°C. The nose radius also affects the chip
Hardening by maraging does not depend on formation. Generally, chip breaking
the cooling rate; consequently, uniform and improves with a smaller radius. As a general
full hardness can be obtained throughout rule of thumb, the depth of cut should be
greater than or equal to 2/3 of the nose Electric-discharge machining: Mechanics

radius, or 1/2 of the nose radius in the feed of MRR is melting and evaporation aided by
direction. cavitations (spark erosion).
Laser machining: The machining by a laser
74. Ans:(3) beam is achieved through the following
Sol: In ausforming, also called phases.
thermomechanical processing, the steel is (i) Interaction of laser beam with work
formed into desired shapes within controlled material.
ranges of temperature and time, to avoid (ii) Heat conduction and temperature rise.
formation of nonmartensitic transformation (iii) Melting, vaporization and ablation.
products; the part is then cooled at various
rates to obtain the desired microstructures. 76. Ans:(4)
Ausformed parts have superior mechanical Sol: In centrifugal atomization, the molten-metal
properties. stream drops onto a rapidly rotating disk or
cup, so that centrifugal forces break up the
75. Ans:(1) stream and generate particles. In another
Sol: Electrochemical machining (ECM) is variation of this method, a consumable
basically the reverse of electroplating. An electrode is rotated rapidly in a helium-filled
electrolyte acts as current carrier, and the chamber. The centrifugal force breaks up the
high rate of electrolyte movement in the molten tip of the electrode into metal
tool-work piece gap (typically 0.1 to 0.6 particles.
mm) washes metal away from the workpiece
(anode) before they have a chance to plate 77. Ans: (2)
onto the tool (cathode). Sol: For maximum power transmission, head loss
Ultrasonic machining: Mechanics of M.R.R H
due to friction in the pipeline, h f 
is brittle fracture caused by impact of 3
abrasive grains due to tool vibrating at high Thus, the maximum power transmission
H  hf
frequency. efficiency, max 
H
H  H/3 2
 =  67 %
H 3
18 TSPSC AE
78. Ans:(1) 79. Ans: (1)

Sol: Ultrasonic machining: The abrasive Sol: The structure of eutectoid steel is called
particles are driven into the work surface by pearlite, because, at low magnifications, it
a tool oscillating normal to the work surface resembles mother-of pearl. The
at high frequency. The tool is made of soft microstructure of pearlite consists of
material, oscillated at frequencies of the alternating layers (lamellae) of ferrite and
order of 20 to 30 kHz, with an amplitude of cementite. Consequently, the mechanical
about 0.02 mm. It is pressed against the properties of pearlite are intermediate
work piece with a load of a few kg and fed between those of ferrite (soft and ductile)
downwards continuously as the cavity is cut and cementite (hard and brittle).
in the work. The tool is shaped as the
approximate mirror image of the 80. Ans: (3)
configuration of the cavity desired in the Q 8  10 3
Sol: V   = 0.453 m/s
work. A   0.15 2
4
Characteristics of USM :
VD 900  0.453  0.15
• Tool materials : Brass and mild steel. Re   = 203.8
 0.3
• Work materials : Hard and brittle materials
like semiconductors, glass and ceramics.
81. Ans: (3)
• Process parameters : Frequency, amplitude,
Sol: The given statement is definition of
grain size, slurry concentration and feed
hydrodynamic entrance region.
force.
• Material removal : Fracture of work material
82. Ans:(1)
due to impact of grains.
Sol: Concentric locators locate a work piece from
• Abrasive : Aluminium oxide, silicon carbide
its axis. The most-common type of
and boron carbide.
concentric location is a locating pin placed
• Grain size : Mesh-size 100-800.
in a hole. Some work pieces may have a
• Gap : 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
cylindrical projection that requires a locating
hole in the fixture, which is also a concentric
locator. It is used to prevent jamming during
locating of work piece.
83. Ans: (4) 85. Ans: (3)

Sol: Given K = G Sol: Ideal plastic material has uniform increase in
We know that, E = 2G (1+) = 3K(1–2) strain at constant stress.
2(1+) = 3(1–2)
1 86. Ans: (3)
= = 0.125
8 Sol:
Unstable
Isochronous
F Stable
84. Ans: (3)
Sol: For car A
r
FA
mg
FA = mg 87. Ans: (3)

For car B Sol: We know that, E = 2G(1+)
FB 200 = 2 G (1 + 0.25)
G = 80 GN/m2
mg
88. Ans: (3)

mv 2 Sol: The continuous casting process uses a copper
mg–FB =
R or graphite mould to cast ferrous materials.
mv 2 Strand casting, another name for the
FB  mg 
R continuous casting technique, is used to
For car C create billets, blooms, or slabs that are far
longer in length than those produced by any
FC
other procedure. For non-ferrous metal
strips, it was initially created. With today’s
mg
continuous casting process, steel is produced
mv 2 more effectively and productively while also
FC  mg 
R incurring significantly lower costs.
2
mv
FC  mg 
R
20 TSPSC AE
89. Ans.(1) 94. Ans: (2)

Sol. Materials are often placed in service at Sol: Impulse turbine blades are arranged such
elevated temperatures and exposed to static that, there is no pressure drop in both fixed
mechanical stresses (e.g., turbine rotors in and movable blades. (The pressure drop is
jet engines and steam generators that happening only in the nozzles connected to
experience centrifugal stresses, and high- impulse turbine).
pressure steam lines). Deformation under
such circumstances is termed creep. Defined 95. Ans: (2)
as the time-dependent and permanent Sol: Longest path in a network is called as
deformation of materials when subjected to critical path.
a constant load or stress, creep is normally
an undesirable phenomenon and is often the 96. Ans: (3)
limiting factor in the lifetime of a part. A Sol: The bending stress in a T- beam section is
typical creep curve usually consists of maximum at bottom fibre.
primary, secondary and tertiary stages.
97. Ans: (4)
90. Ans: (3) 895 1
Sol: h  2
 2
Vmax 2 N N
Sol: For laminar flow, Vavg   1 m/s
2 2
98. Ans: (1)

91. Ans: (4) 2NT
Sol: Power, P
Sol: In case of an involute toothed gear, involute 60
starts from base circle. Power is proportional to Torque, (P  T)
  d3
and T =  T  d3
92. Ans: (4) 16
Sol: SFD is parabolic if the load on beam is PB TB d 3B 2d 3
and power,    3 =8
linear i.e.,( triangular or u.v.l) PA TA d 3A d
PB = 8 P
93. Ans: (4)
Sol: The working surface above the pitch surface
of the gear tooth is termed as face.
99. Ans: (2) 103. Ans: (4)

Sol: Multistaging results in saving in work of Sol: To obtain large speed reduction, the most
compression. Due to multistaging, work appropriate gearing would be worm and
input required in each stage becomes worm wheel.
approximately equal, hence uniform torque
and smaller flywheel. Volumetric efficiency 104. Ans: (4)
decreases for high pressure ratios. Hence, in Sol: If a cantilever beam of span L and flexural
multi-staging, high pressure ratio is splitted rigidity EI carries a moment M at the free
into smaller pressure ratios, this increased ML2
end, the deflection at that end is .
volumetric efficiency. 2EI
100. Ans: (1) 105. Ans: (3)

Sol: A Watt governor operates satisfactorily in Sol: m = 3 kg ; k = 21 N/m ; C = 10 N-s/m
the speed range is 60 – 80 r.p.m. F = 27 sin2t N
where,  is frequency of vibration, which is
101. Ans: (4) same as forcing in frequency.
Sol: In the case of a flywheel of mass moment of 2 2
Time period =     3.14 sec
inertia ‘I’ rotating at an angular velocity ω  2
the expression represents the kinetic energy
1 2 106. Ans: (2)
is equal to I .
2 Sol: Using Lami’s Theorem
400 T1

sin 90 sin 150
102. Ans: (3)
T1 = 200 N
Sol:
L
2
107. Ans: (2)
L
e  Sol: No of allocation is equal to degenerate is m
2
L
2 + n – 1 = 5 + 6 – 1 = 10
2 4 2
Pe  2
EI  EI
L L2
 
2
22 TSPSC AE
108. Ans: (2)

N
Sol: Free movement of piston in constant
pressure process mg
Heat supplied in constant pressure process.  If elevator is going up and slowing down
Q = mCpT = 1  1.005(600 – 300) = then acceleration (a) acts downwards
1.005  300 = 301.5 kJ
N a
109. Ans: (1) mg

1 mg – N = ma
Sol: Strain energy, U  P
2 N = m(g–a)

1
f  A   So, force exerted by floor is less than
2 weight.
1 f  
= f   A    If elevator is going up and speeding up then
2 E
acceleration (a) acts upwards
2
U
f
volume  N a
2E
mg
110. Ans: (3)
N – mg = ma
N NNN NN
Sol: 2  3 5 6  3 6 N = m(g+a)
N6 N 2 N 4 N5 N 2 N 4
So, force exerted by floor is more than
Wheel 5 is the only Idler gear as the number
weight.
of teeth on wheel ‘5’ does not appear in the
 If elevator is going down and slowing down
velocity ratio.
then acceleration (a) acts upwards.
N a
111. Ans: (1)
Sol:
Elevator mg N = m(g+a)
N – mg = ma
man
N = m(g+a)
F.B.D of man is shown below
So, force exerted by floor is more than
weight.
 If elevator is going down and speeding up 114. Ans: (3)

then acceleration (a) acts downwards. Sol: Square Threads
p
N a
d=p/2
mg
mg – N = ma
N = m(g–a)
So, force exerted by floor is less than 115. Ans: (2)
weight. Sol: According to theorem of perpendicular axes,
Izz = Ixx + Iyy
112. Ans : (2)
Sol: Base circle : 116. Ans: (1)
 It is the smallest circle that can be drawn Sol: (a/b/c : d/e/f)
tangential to the cam profile. a: Inter arrival time distribution
 The base circle decides the overall size of a b: service time distribution
cam and is, therefore, a fundamental feature c: number of parallel service channel in
of the cam. the system
d: Service discipline
113. Ans: (3) e: Max-number of customers allowed in
Sol: Exponential smoothing method gives weight the system
to all the previous data and the weight f: Calling source or population
assigned are in exponentially decreasing
order. The most recent data is given the 117. Ans: (4)
highest weight and weight of assigned to Sol: T 2
older data decreases exponentially. 3
1
4
s
h1 = 90 kJ/kg, h2 = 210 kJ/kg, h3 = h4 = 50
kJ/kg
24 TSPSC AE
Refrigerating effect From equation (i) and (ii) we get

 h1  h 4   0.590  50
=m T=5N
= 20 kW
122. Ans: (4)
118. Ans: (3) Sol: Highest value of  = 1 is given for highly
Sol: Square key is usually strong in failure by inflationary situations.
shear and crushing.
123. Ans: (2)
119. Ans. (3) Sol: Applying the principle of conservation of
Sol: Interferometers are devices that extract energy:
information from interference. They are UA + KA = UB + KB
widely used in science and industry for the Let us take the gravitational potential energy
measurement of microscopic to be zero at the horizontal surface
displacements, refractive index changes and 1
Mg(1 m) = Mg(0.5m) + M 2B
surface irregularities. 2
B = 10 m / s
120. Ans: (4)
Sol: A redundant constraint is a constraint that 124. Ans: (1)
does not form a unique boundary of feasible Sol: For engines in series for equal work outputs,
solution space. the intermediate temperature is the
arithmetic mean of the other two
121. Ans: (2) temperatures.
Sol: 1000  200
T2 =  600 K
2
5 kg 5 kg 10
F.B.D. of both the blocks are shown below 125. Ans: (4)
Sol: Despatching is in Production Planning
5 kg T T 5 kg 10 Control
T = 5a ………. (i) Bucket refers to an individual period
10 – T = 5a ………. (ii) indicated by MRP list. Speaking of "The
size of Bucket", it shows the size of one v2

coefficient of restitution, e 
period, and how detailed MRP's plan is v1
depends on how long or what days the 2gh 1

= 
bucket is set. 2 gh 2
126. Ans. (4) 129. Ans: (2)

Sol. Given: Sol: If the value of smoothening factor is larger,
K = 50% the level of smoothening will reduce.
I=t
F= = = 0.33Fmax 130. Ans: (3)
Hence 67% reduction in punching force. Sol:
A
R
127. Ans: (3)
Sol: A cotter joint is used to connect two loads O
Point O is instantaneous centre of rotation
which are in tension and compression only.
V0 1
   1rad / sec
R 1
128. Ans: (1)
Distance of point A from O
Sol: Let the velocity of the ball just before
striking the ground is v1 = 12  12  2 m
By conservation of mechanical energy Speed of point A =  2 = 2 m/s

1
2
 m  
2
2gh  mgh 
1
2
mv12
Speed of point C =   2R = 2 m/s
 v1  2 gh 131. Ans: (1)

Let the velocity of the ball just after striking Sol: dS = 1 kJ/K  Q1 = 6001 = 600 kJ
the ground is v2 W T1  T2
= 
∵ The block reaches the starting point Q1 T1
 0  v22  2gh W 600  300

 
600 600
 v 2  2gh
 W =300 kJ
26 TSPSC AE
132. Ans: (3) Process 1-2 → Isothermal compression

Sol: Process 1-2 → Polytropic compression
 tp  to 
2
Process 1 - 2 → Isentropic compression
Activity to tL tP   
2

 6  The area under p-v diagram gives work
1-2 2 6 8 1 done. One can observe that during
2-3 5 7 17 4 isothermal compression work input is less.
3-4 4 10 16 4 Therefore, one can interpret from the p-v
plot drawn above that
Wisothermal < Wpolytropic < Wisentropic.
   212   2 23   2 34
 1 4  4 = 3
135. Ans: (3)
 Smercury 
133. Ans:(3) Sol: h Oil  h mercury  1
 SOil 
Sol: Investment castings have excellent surfaces
13 .6 
and dimensional accuracy and for this  0.2  1  0.217  1
 0.8 
reason, they are used for parts made of non-  0.2 16  3.2 m
machinable and non-forgeable alloys. All
extremely complex sections can be produced
136. Ans: (4)
by this method, since there are no problems
Sol: When belt moves from tight side to slack
of draft, parting lines and so on (as in sand
side, the tension in belt decreases. This
casting).
decreases length of belt and increases the
width. This phenomenon is called as creep
134. Ans: (1)
due to uneven tensions.
Sol:
p
2 2 2 137. Ans.(3)
Sol. The deformation of metals which is caused
by the displacement of atoms is achieved by
one or both of the processes called slip and
1 twinning. When plastic deformation occurs,
v on macroscopic scale the metal appears to
flow in the solid state along specific  Isolated system, which does not allow the
directions which are dependent on the type transfer of either mass or energy. e.g. A well
of processing and direction of applied force. insulated thermo flask.
The crystals or grains of the metal get
elongated in the direction of metal flow. 140. Ans: (3)
This flow of metal can be seen under Sol: The variance of the PERT Critical path is
microscope after polishing and suitable equal to the sum of variances of activities
etching of the metal surface. These visible lying on the critical path.
lines are called ‘fibre flow lines’. Since it is
possible to control these flow lines in any 141. Ans: (4)
specific direction by careful manipulation of Sol: The resultant of two forces A and B acting
the applied forces, it is possible to achieve at an angle  is A 2  B2  2AB cos 
optimum mechanical properties.
142. Ans: (2)

138. Ans: (1)
Sol: Lewis equation in a spur gear design is
Sol: According to Newton's first law of motion,
applied to weaker of the pinion or gear.
every body continues in its state of rest or of
uniform motion, in a straight line, unless it is
143. Ans. (3)
acted upon by some external force.
Sol. Segmental pattern:
 These patterns are generally applied to
139. Ans: (3)
circular work, like rings, wheels, rims, gears
Sol:
etc.
 For isolated system there is no mass or
 In principle they work like a sweep, but the
energy transfer.
difference is that a sweep is given a
 Closed system, which allows the transfer of
continuous revolving motion to generate the
energy but not mass. e.g. Pressure cooker.
desired shape whereas a segmental pattern is
 Open system can exchange mass and
a portion of the solid pattern itself and the
energy. e.g. Air compressor, centrifugal
mould is prepared in parts by it. It is
pump.
mounted on a central pivot and after
preparing the part mould in one position, the
28 TSPSC AE
segment is moved to next position. The 148. Ans: (4)

operation is repeated till the complete mould Sol: Routing in aggregate production planning
in ready. and control refers to sequence of operations
to be performed.
144. Ans: (1)
Sol: Inter arrival time (or) mean arrival time 149. Ans: (1)
follows exponential distribution. Sol: Ductile material undergoes large
In a single server queuing model, arrival rate deformation before failure.
is less than service rate
150. Ans : (3)
145. Ans: (4) Sol: Prime circle :
Sol:  It is the smallest circle that can be drawn
600K
from the centre of the cam and tangent to the
500kJ
pitch curve.
W=200kJ
300kJ  For a knife edge and a flat face follower, the
300K prime circle and the base circle are identical.
Efficiency  
W 200 For a roller follower, the prime circle is
  40%
Q1 500 larger than the base circle by the radius of
the roller.
146. Ans: (2)
Sol: In a v-belt drive, the belt makes contact at
the sides of the groove of pulley.
147. Ans: (4)

Sol: The buoyancy force is an upward force =
Wm – Wc

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TEST ID: 301

01. Ans: (2) 03. Ans: (4)

06. Ans: (3) 64

08. Ans: (4) 13. Ans: (1)

09. Ans: (2) 14. Ans: (4)

16. Ans: (4) 19. Ans:(2)

22. Ans: (1) 27. Ans: (3)

23. Ans: (1) B

 0.2 (or) 20 % 29. Ans:(2)

• The restraining is mainly by external force or 31. Ans.(2)

39. Ans: (2) 40. Ans: (4)

So, it depends only on pressure ratio.  A1V1 = A2V2+A3V3

For isothermal compression process 1-2  V3 = 9.56 m/sec

42. Ans:(2) with increase of cutting velocity, the time

cutting velocity. Sol. Cyaniding: Also called ‘liquid

 Total time = K2 + Tm + Ttc carbonitriding’, the cyaniding process

Tm ferro-cyanide with inert salts such as sodium

R = 0 for pure impulse steam turbine V12

48. Ans. (1)  u 2  V12  2uV1 cos 1 

work pieces will be machined, so the setting 52. Ans:(3)

between the materials of the work piece and

59. Ans: (3) angle (as well as an increase in the included

60. Ans. (1) phenomenon.

parts. Several methods are available, among the following factors:

them carburizing, nitriding, induction (i) Material type

hardening, and laser-beam hardening. (ii) Thickness

61. Ans:(4) (iv) Bend radius

Sol: Cemented carbide is the hardest

high compressive strength. However, it is Sol: Surging: The complete breakdown of

must be very rigidly supported to prevent Surging is also described as unsteady,

cracking. periodic and reversal of flow of air flowing

62. Ans. (3) Surging is the violent air flow oscillating in

solubility of 0.022% C at a temperature of become negative.

63. Ans:(1) Sol: The eutectoid temperature may be raised or

Sol: Spring Back: lowered from 727°C, depending on the

content is lower than 0.77%. Lowering the 67. Ans: (2)

71. Ans: (4) large parts with minimal distortion. Typical

greater than or equal to 2/3 of the nose Electric-discharge machining: Mechanics

78. Ans:(1) 79. Ans: (1)

83. Ans: (4) 85. Ans: (3)

FA = mg 87. Ans: (3)

88. Ans: (3)

89. Ans.(1) 94. Ans: (2)

98. Ans: (1)

99. Ans: (2) 103. Ans: (4)

100. Ans: (1) 105. Ans: (3)

108. Ans: (2)

109. Ans: (1) mg

 If elevator is going down and speeding up 114. Ans: (3)

Refrigerating effect From equation (i) and (ii) we get

size of Bucket", it shows the size of one v2

depends on how long or what days the 2gh 1

126. Ans. (4) 129. Ans: (2)

Hence 67% reduction in punching force. Sol:

By conservation of mechanical energy Speed of point A =  2 = 2 m/s

 v1  2 gh 131. Ans: (1)

 0  v22  2gh W 600  300