Joint Statement of the U.S.

-Philippines 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue

MEDIA NOTE
OFFICE OF THE SPOKESPERSON
APRIL 11, 2023
The text of the following statement was released by the governments of the United
States of America and of the Philippines on the occasion of the U.S.-Philippines 2+2
Ministerial Dialogue.

Begin Text

Secretary of State Blinken, Secretary of Defense Austin, Secretary of Foreign Affairs

Manalo, and Senior Undersecretary and Officer in Charge (OIC) of National Defense
Galvez (referred to collectively as “the Secretaries”) convened the third U.S. Philippines
2+2 Ministerial Dialogue in Washington, D.C., on April 11, 2023.

Recognizing the importance of the U.S.-Philippines alliance to regional peace and

stability, the Secretaries put forth a shared vision that supports the international rules-
based order, deepens our economic ties, provides for our peoples’ broad-based
prosperity, and addresses evolving regional and global security challenges.

The Secretaries welcomed and built on commitments made at the 10th Bilateral
Strategic Dialogue, held in Manila on January 19 and 20, 2023, encompassing topics
such as defense, climate and energy policy, sustainable and inclusive economic growth,
food security, maritime affairs, civil space cooperation, and democracy and human
rights.

Respect for the Rules-Based Order in the Indo-Pacific and Around the World

Acknowledging that the futures of our countries are not only intertwined with each

other’s but also that of the region and the rest of the world, the Secretaries reaffirmed
their support for unimpeded lawful commerce and full respect for international law,
including freedom of navigation and overflight, and other lawful uses of the sea.  They
exchanged views on key regional and global developments that threaten global peace
and the international rules-based order.  The Secretaries:

 Underlined their strong objections to the unlawful maritime claims, militarization

of reclaimed features, and threatening and provocative activities in the South China
Sea, including the recent attempts of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to disrupt
the Philippines’ lawful operations at and around Second Thomas Shoal and the
repeated massing of PRC maritime militia vessels at several sites within the
Philippine Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), including, but not limited to, maritime
areas in the vicinity of Iroquois Reef, Sabina Shoal, Second Thomas Shoal, and
Whitsun Reef. Such activities also interfere with the livelihoods of fisherfolk and
1
 undermine Philippine food security;

 Called on the PRC to fully comply with the final and legally binding 2016 Arbitral
Award on the South China Sea. The Award, which was constituted under the 1982
Law of the Sea Convention, is final and legally binding on the parties, and validates
the Philippines’ sovereign rights and jurisdiction with respect to its EEZ and
continental shelf, including maritime areas in the vicinity of Reed Bank, Mischief
Reef, and Second Thomas Shoal also known in the Philippines as Recto Bank,
Panganiban Reef, and Ayungin Shoal, respectively;

 Noted with concern recent reports regarding further conduct of covert land
reclamation on unoccupied features in the Spratly Islands and rejected the use of
reclamation as a means of rationalizing or propagating unlawful maritime claims, in
direct contravention of the principles outlined in the 2002 Declaration on the
Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea;

 Reiterated the importance of maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan
Strait as an indispensable element of global security and prosperity;

 Condemned the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRK) unprecedented

number of unlawful and reckless ballistic missile launches over the past
year, reaffirmed their commitment to the complete denuclearization of the Korean
Peninsula, and urged Pyongyang to abide by its obligations under UN Security
Council resolutions;

 Reaffirmed support for Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence, and territorial

integrity within its internationally recognized borders, extending to its territorial
waters; and

 Reiterated the importance of multilateralism, sustained dialogue and cooperation,

and the peaceful settlement of disputes based on international law, in maintaining
peace and stability in the region and around the world.

Alliance Modernization

Mindful of the growing complexity of the Indo-Pacific security environment, including

the multidimensional nature of modern challenges and threats to the peace and
security of the Philippines and the United States, the Secretaries reaffirmed their shared
determination to defend against external armed attack in the Pacific, which includes the
South China Sea, in accordance with the 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty, the 1998 Visiting
Forces Agreement (VFA) and 2014 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA),
and redoubled their commitment to modernizing U.S.-Philippines alliance cooperation
to bolster our combined deterrence.  Both sides further look forward to continuing
discussions regarding the nature of threats that may arise in different domains —

2
including land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace — and effective responses.  The
Secretaries highlighted their intent to work toward building interoperability and
cooperation in both conventional and non-conventional domains.

To this end, the Secretaries committed to:

 Strengthen bilateral planning and interoperability to ensure readiness to respond

to a range of crises and scenarios, through the conduct of high impact and high
value joint exercises, trainings, and other activities as well as by fast tracking
ongoing discussions on a new U.S.-Philippines Bilateral Defense Guidelines;

 Prioritize the modernization of shared defense capabilities, particularly in the

maritime domain, through various modalities, including U.S. Foreign Military
Financing and Excess Defense Articles. The adoption of a Security Sector Assistance
Roadmap in the coming months will guide shared defense modernization
investments and inform the delivery of priority platforms over the next 5 to 10
years.  In addition, the Security Sector Assistance Roadmap will identify areas for
capacity-building to enhance the Philippines’ core institutions and support security
sector governance.  Meanwhile, both sides underscored the importance of fast-
tracking discussions on an acquisition plan for a fleet of multi-role fighter
aircraft for the Philippine Air Force, as well as of leveraging the additional $100
million in Foreign Military Financing that the United States announced last fall
to acquire medium lift helicopters;

 Accelerate the implementation of EDCA projects and increase investments in EDCA

Agreed Locations to further support combined training, exercises, and
interoperability between the U.S. and Philippine Armed Forces, as well as the
Philippines’ civilian-led disaster preparedness and response capacities. The United
States expects to have allocated over $100 million by the end of fiscal year
2023 toward infrastructure investments at the existing five EDCA sites and to
support swift operationalization of the four new sites;

 Complement combined military training and exercises as well as EDCA-related

projects with community-based activities of the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID), including on increasing access to safe water
supplies, education, and healthcare, sustainable fisheries management, biodiversity
conservation, and energy security;

 Finalize plans for the resumption of combined maritime activities, including the
conduct of joint sails by the U.S. and Philippine navies, in the South China Sea. Both
sides also discussed plans to conduct multilateral maritime activities with other
like-minded partners in the South China Sea later this year;

 Expand information-sharing on the principal challenges confronting the U.S.-

3
 Philippine alliance, including through the Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime
Domain Awareness initiative and the conclusion of a bilateral General Security of
Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA) before the end of the year, with the goal
of enabling real-time information-sharing and technology cooperation across
domains;

 Expand cooperation, exchange best practices, and increase strategic convergence on

counterterrorism and addressing gray zone challenges, including for protecting
critical infrastructure against attacks emanating from state and nonstate actors and
for promoting civilian-led, non-military counter-terrorism initiatives, where
feasible and effective, using an inclusive, rights-based, victim-centered, and whole-
of-society approach to counterterrorism; and

 Continue dialogue and cooperation to advance the protection of human rights in the
security sector, and the promotion of the rules-based order across the Indo-Pacific
region.

Economic and Environmental Security

Acknowledging that the Alliance must be able to address security in its broadest sense
and deliver direct, substantial and tangible benefits to our peoples and future
generations, the Secretaries committed to exploring additional avenues to enhance
economic engagement and to:

 Continue to advance the shared agenda for inclusive and sustainable economic

growth through the modernization of infrastructure, the digital economy, enhanced
agricultural productivity, promotion of renewable energy and green technologies,
and enhanced food and energy security;

 Further collaborate in building resilient supply chains and safeguarding critical and
emerging technologies. This includes working together to develop and build the
resilience of the Philippine and U.S. semiconductor industries;

 Build on the successful cooperation to date in supporting the Philippines’ COVID-19

pandemic response by charting new ways to become more resilient for future
health emergencies, including by improving the shared ability to prevent, detect,
and respond to outbreaks of infectious diseases;

 Work together under the theme “Creating a Resilient and Sustainable Future for All”
to ensure the 2023 U.S. APEC host year is successful in advancing an
interconnected, innovative, and inclusive region;

 Convene before the end of 2023 a kick-off planning session for the first meeting of
the Joint Committee under the 2019 Science and Technology Agreement, which is a
tool to promote scientific collaboration, build relationships between U.S. and
4
 Philippine scientific institutions, and provide opportunities to exchange ideas and
information to advance scientific and technological endeavors of mutual interest.
Particular consideration will be given with respect to virology and vaccines,
combating non-communicable diseases, and ridge-to-reef cooperation;

 Through the U.S.-Philippines Food Security Dialogue, exchange best practices for

agricultural innovation, sustainability, and transforming food systems by adapting
nutritious crops to climate change, improving soil health, and strengthening value
chains to ensure reliable access to a safe food supply in the face of future shocks;

 Identify opportunities for future collaboration in enhancing disaster preparedness,

and for the protection and conservation of the Philippines’ rich coastal and marine
resources. The Secretaries highlighted the U.S. assistance and technical support
provided to the Government of the Philippines in response to the oil spill off the
coast of Oriental Mindoro.  They applauded the successful coordination of response
efforts between the Philippine Coast Guard, Japan Disaster Relief team, and
a U.S. team of subject matter experts from the U.S. Coast Guard, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Navy.  The Secretaries noted ongoing
cooperation, including the sharing of satellite imagery to inform oil spill monitoring
and forecasting;

 Build on successful multilateral civil space cooperation within the Asia Pacific
region. The United States and the Philippines are committed to holding our first
civil space bilateral dialogue in Washington by July 2023.  The Secretaries further
committed to promote the use of space-based technology in supporting the
Philippines’ climate resiliency response and to advance mutual interest in the use of
remote sensing and Earth observation applications.

 Enhance cooperation in addressing the climate crisis and prepare for and prevent
its worst impacts, including on vulnerable populations. To this end, the Secretaries
further committed to collaborate on assessments of climate threats, and
incorporating these assessments into joint planning, innovation, training,
investments and financing to accelerate and increase renewable energy capacity as
well as the grid expansion needed to facilitate its deployment, in support of the
Philippines’ clean energy transition.  They welcomed the recent launch of the U.S.-
Philippines Offshore Wind Development Partnership as an important step towards
delivering crucial technical assistance to accelerate offshore wind development. 
They also decided to explore partnerships and promote public-private initiatives on
climate transition financing;

 Launch the Energy Policy Dialogue, a high-level platform for the two nations to
develop new forms of energy cooperation, including on short- and long-term
energy planning, offshore wind development, rooftop solar capabilities, nuclear

5
 energy for electricity generation, and grid stability and power transmission;

 Pursue negotiations for a potential U.S.-Philippines Civil Nuclear Cooperation

Agreement, or 123 Agreement, to provide a legal framework for possible nuclear
cooperation between the United States and the Philippines, as well as continue
capacity building efforts on small modular reactors as potential clean energy
solutions under the Foundational Infrastructure for Responsible Use of Small
Modular Reactor Technology (FIRST) Program;

 Scale up cooperation and partnership with respect to strategies on critical minerals

processing and sustainable and green mining, and new prospecting activities,
among others;

 Promote the modernization of the Philippines’ infrastructure and cooperate on

high-standard, sustainable, private sector-led infrastructure investment as a means
of supporting economic growth and enhancing connectivity in the Philippines,
including within the framework of the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and
Investment (PGII), the Blue Dot Network, and Transaction Advisory Fund
(TAF). The Secretaries welcomed new activities announced by the U.S. Trade &
Development Agency, including a feasibility study on airport security screening at
the Manila International Airport, a Smart Grid Reverse Trade Mission to bring
Philippine grid operators to the United States, and a healthcare workshop in the
Philippines focused on medical device regulatory frameworks.  They also directed
their respective sides to establish a future workshop for Philippine government and
private sector contacts on subsea cables;

 Pursue further cooperation, under a programmatic approach, to build the

Philippines’ capacities to effectively implement its trade and investment reform
agenda, including to strengthen Philippine investment screening and countering
proliferation finance mechanisms to allow for transparent and accountable review
of certain foreign investments and protect national security while maintaining an
open and business-friendly investment climate;

 Deepen our bilateral trade and investment relationship under the Trade and

Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA);

 Continue to work together through negotiations under the four pillars of the Indo-
Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF).

Alliance Partnerships

Recognizing that the Alliance is more effective when acting in concert with other
likeminded partners, the Secretaries:

 Reaffirmed their strong support for the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific
6
 and emphasized that partnerships and arrangements in the Indo-Pacific should
uphold ASEAN centrality in the evolving rules-based regional security architecture;

 Committed to consultations regarding the Australia-United Kingdom- United States

(AUKUS) trilateral security partnership, and its objectives to promote peace and
stability in the Indo-Pacific;

 Welcomed the Quad’s commitment to support a peaceful and stable, rules-based

region with ASEAN at the center, through its efforts to advance a free and open
Indo-Pacific;

 Acknowledged the importance of further promoting economic and security

cooperation with other partners in Southeast Asia through such activities as joint
training and capacity building, including for counterpart nations’ coast guards; and

 Identified concrete opportunities to expand operational coordination particularly

with Japan and Australia, including through observation and/or participation in
trilateral and multilateral exercises and the continuation of the Japan – Philippines
– U.S. Trilateral Defense Policy Dialogue.

Finally, and most importantly, the Secretaries acknowledged the central role of people-
to-people ties—cultivated by generations of
Filipinos and Americans, including Filipino-Americans—in driving the bilateral
relationship forward. The Secretaries:

 Noted the more than 8,000 Filipino alumni of U.S. government-sponsored exchange
programs, many of whom have risen to senior leadership positions in the
Philippines, and hailed the 75th anniversary of the Fulbright Philippines program,
which is the oldest continuing Fulbright Program in the world. The Secretaries also
committed to exploring new resources to support Fulbright’s efforts in developing
expertise that are critical to the partnership and alliance;

 Recognized the vital contributions of the more than four million Filipino-Americans
to the progress and security of the United States. At the height of the COVID-19
pandemic, Filipino-American health professionals were among those at the
frontlines of protecting their communities.  Filipino-Americans have made, and
continue to make, a positive impact as teachers, service members, artists, financial
and social services workers, tech innovators, and civil rights advocates.  The
Filipino Young Leaders Program (FYLPRO) and IMPACT! Program for Filipino-
Americans, which were developed in partnership with the Philippine Government,
are notable for helping to build a pipeline of Filipino-American leaders who
advocate for their communities’ interests and serve as a bridge between the two
countries; and

7
 Celebrated the continued array of exchanges, including two inaugural events
sponsored by the United States government within the preceding two months—the
first ever National Youth Development Alliance Summit, held in Davao, to
strengthen city government programs for employing and educating out-of-school
youth around the Philippines; and the first ever Civil Society Organization Summit
to Protect Philippine Marine Resources and Biodiversity in Puerto Princesa City,
Palawan, for the purpose of coordinating action for marine biodiversity
conservation and protection in the coastal areas of Northern Luzon, Mindoro, and
Palawan.

End Text