NAME: Ahmed Mohamed

Elsayed Mohamed abo elmagd

REGISTERATION NUMBER:
20102363
SUBMITTED TO: CAPTAIN
MOHAMED EL HUSSIENY
MARPOI CONVENTION

INTRODUCTION
 MARPOL 73/78 is the International
Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution From Ships, 1973 as
modified by the Protocol of 1978.
("MARPOL" is short for marine
pollution and 73/78 short for the
years 1973 and 1978.)
• The original MARPOL Convention was signed on 17 February
1973, but did not come into force.
• The current Convention is a combination of 1973 Convention
and the 1978 Protocol. It entered into force on 2 October
1983
• As of 31 December 2005, 136 countries, representing 98% of
the world's shipping tonnage, are parties to the Convention,
there are 152 countries party to the agreement MARPOL 73/78
(Annex I/II) as of August 31, 2012

• MARPOL 73/78 is one of the most important international

marine environmental conventions.
• It was designed to minimize pollution of the seas,
including dumping, oil and exhaust pollution.
• Its stated object is: to preserve the marine environment
THE ORIGINS OF THE MARPOL CONVENTION

.At the beginning of the 20th century, the rise of industrialization, the advent of the automobile and the world
wars fueled a strong demand for hydrocarbons, leading to a growth in global maritime transport, coupled with
the construction of large oil tankers.In order to meet the energy demand, the massive exploitation of the oil
fields of the Middle East and the countries of the Persian Gulf began in the middle of the century. These
developments had a direct impact on the size and quantity of tankers, which reached 100,000 deadweight tons
by the end of the 1950s.In 1967, during the "6 Day War", the passage through the Suez Canal remained closed,
which meant that the route between Europe and Asia had to pass through the Cape of Good Hope,lengthening
the journey of the Suez Canal of 15 days 30 days through the Horn of Africa.One of the consequences is that
tankers increase their loading capacity from 100,000 to 200,000 tonnes in a few years, which poses a serious
risk of marine pollution. On March 18, 1967, the 120,000 dwt Liberian supertanker Torrey Canyon ran aground
on Seven Stone Reef (Isles of Scilly), south-west of the Cornwall Islands in England, while en route to the
English port of Milford Haven. The violent impact ruptured six of its tanks, releasing 120,000 tonnes of crude oil
into the marine environment and creating a large oil slick that reached the coasts of Cornwall, the island of
Guernsey and the coasts of France. The oil slick was 70 km long and 40 km wide and killed more than 20,000
seabirds.The ecological tragedy has been amplified due to the methods used in the cleanup. A lack of
knowledge and experience has led to the excessive use of detergents in cleaning operations, affecting the
marine environment. After analyzing the extent of this disaster, the competent authorities decided to bombard
the oil slick until it burned
 ▪ MARPOL contains two instruments, legal and technical:
1- The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
From Ships, 1973.
2- Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for
the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973
3- Protocol 1: Provisions concerning Reports on Incidents
Involving Harmful Substances.
4- Protocol 11: Arbitration
5- Protocol 1997 for some additional amendments.
6- 6 annexes.
Introduction
• ▪ MARPOL contains 6 annexes, concerned with preventing
different forms of marine pollution from ships:
• Annex I - Oil
• Annex II - Noxious Liquid Substances carried in Bulk
• Annex III - Harmful Substances carried in Packaged Form
• Annex IV - Sewage
• Annex V - Garbage
• Annex VI - Air Pollution
Annex I Main article:
Marpol Annex IMARPOL Annex I came into force on 2 October 1983 and deals with the discharge of oil into the
ocean environment. It incorporates the oil discharge criteria prescribed in the 1969 amendments to the 1954
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL). It specifies tanker design
features that are intended to minimize oil discharge into the ocean during ship operations and in case of
accidents. It provides regulations with regard to the treatment of engine room bilge water (OWS) for all large
commercial vessels and ballast and tank cleaning waste (ODME). It also introduces the concept of "special sea
areas (PPSE)", which are considered to be at risk to pollution by oil. Discharge of oil within them has been
completely outlawed, with a few minimal exceptions.[6]The first half of MARPOL Annex I deals with engine
room waste. There are various generations of technologies and equipment that have been developed to
prevent waste such as oily water separators (OWS), oil content meters (OCM), and port reception
facilities.[7]The second part of the MARPOL Annex I has more to do with cleaning the cargo areas and tanks.
Oil discharge monitoring equipment (ODME) is a very important technology mentioned in MARPOL Annex I that
has greatly helped improve sanitation in these areas.[7]The oil record book is another integral part of MARPOL
Annex I, helping crew members log and keep track of oily wastewater discharges, among other things.
Annex II MARPOL
Annex II came into force on 6 April 1987. It details the discharge criteria for the elimination of pollution by
noxious liquid substances carried in large quantities. It divides substances into and introduces detailed
operational standards and measures. The discharge of pollutants is allowed only to reception facilities with
certain concentrations and tions. No matter what, no discharge of residues containing pollutants is permitted
within 12 nautical miles (22 kilometres) of the nearest land. Stricter restrictions apply to "special
areas".[6]Annex II covers the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code) in conjunction with Chapter 7 of
the SOLAS Convention. Previously, chemical tankers constructed before 1 July 1986 must comply with the
requirements of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
(BCH Code).

Annex III MARPOL

Annex III came into force on 1 July 1992. It contains general requirements for the standards on packing,
marking, labeling, documentation, stowage, quantity subtraction, division and notifications for preventing
pollution by harmful substances. The Annex is in line with the procedures detailed in the International
Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, which has been expanded to include marine pollutants. The
amendments entered into force on 1 January 1991
 Annex IV Marpol
Annex IV came into force on 27 September 2003. It introduces requirements to control pollution of the sea
by sewage from ships.

Annex V
(Rules for the Prevention of Pollution by Ship Litter) entered into force on December 31, 1988. Set the
distance from land where it can be dumped and decompose different types of garbage and marine debris.
Perhaps the most prominent part of the Annex is a total ban on plastic dumping into the sea, although
many 'special areas' have much stricter requirements .
FINAL COMMENTS.

On July 15, 2011, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) established the first set of
required technical and operational energy efficiency standards targeted at lowering ship
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Other IMO environmental accords cover ship anti-fouling
technologies, the transmission of alien species in ballast water, and ecologically sound ship
recycling.Addressing human, technological, and operational concerns while taking into
consideration the enormous development in the shipping sector globally, in terms of the size
of the world fleet and distances travelled, is an important aspect in lowering pollution caused
by ships.The IMO is always searching for methods to strengthen flag and port state
implementation and enforcement, including a proactive strategy, to guarantee that shore-
based receiving facilities for ships that create garbage continue to fulfil international
regulatory criteria
 REFRENECE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL_

https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-law/marpol-convention-shipping

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M