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Boyte and Marie-Louise Strom, January 24 2017 Millions believe our political system is dysfunctional. "We the people” are divided. The heritage of nonviolence in our history can be a profound resource for creating healthy civic life. Where does nonviolence come from? Though it has ancient roots in religions and civic life, nonviolence as a method of large scale change was first developed by Mahatma Gandhi and his colleagues in South Africa in the early 20 century to challenge bigotry against Indians. Gandhi called it "soul force,” Satyagraha, in contrast to violence. Nonviolence was taken up by the Indian movement struggling for independence from Great Britain. Its dignity and discipline inspired the world, including leaders like Bayard Rustin, Septima Clark, and Martin Luther King in the American civil rights (or freedom") movernent. Since then nonviolence has been the philosophy of other movements including the United Farm Workers movement in California, the “Velvet Revolution” which overthrew communism in Czechoslovakia, “People’s Power,” ending the Marcos dictatorship, “Mass Action for Peace” by Christian and Muslim women in Liberia which ended a civil war, and the "Arab Spring.” What is the nonviolent approach? The nonviolent approach is not a merely a “tactic” nor is it “pacifism,” or a refusal to use physical force under any circumstances. Nonviolence is a method and a set of spiritual and emotional disciplines that refuse to demonize ‘opponents. In Stride Toward Freedom, Martin Luther King's book about the Montgomery bus boycott which made ‘nonviolence famous in the civil rights movernent, King outlines spiritual disciplines including + Nonviolence is struggle, not inaction, refraining from aggression but “strongly actve spiritually,” as King puts it ‘+ Nonviolent practitioners seek to understand opponents, not to defeat or humiliate them, + Nonviolence is directed against evil actions, not the persons who commit the actions, + Nonviolent practitioners aim at “a neighborly concern for others," whether friend or enemy, recognizing their “need for belonging to the best in the human fami.” ‘+ Nonviolent practitioners believe that refraining from hate in response to violence, whether physical or emotional, is redemptive. “Hate...corrodes the personality and eats away at its vital unity,” King wrote. "The nonviolent approach... first does something to the hearts and souls of those committed to it. It gives them new self-respect. It calls up resources of strength and courage they did not know they had.” ur divided society badly needs such insights and practices. Nonviolent action also needs a constructive dimension. What is nonviolent civic life? Past nonviolent movements struggled against oppression. Nonviolent civic life emphasizes not only resistance but people's agency and joint responsibilty for the civic life of democracy. It draws on insights from nonviolence to enrich concepts that build civic ife~the public culture of places~including everyday politics, civic empowerment, and public work. + Everyday politics. Everyday politics is politics centered on citizens, not politicians. It highlights the fact that democracy is a way of life we all build, far more than elections. It involves working with people who are very different, including opponents. Nonviolence emphasizes understanding opponents, not humiliating them. * Civic agency: Civic agency is the capacity to take effective action across lines of difference. It depends on skills like building public relationships, learning to tell one’s “public narrative,” conducting one on one relational meetings, and "mapping power" around issues. Nonviolence infuses the practice of such skils with moral purpose. It “calls up resources of strength and courage.” ‘© Public Work: Public work involves a mix of people ('a” public) who work on shared tasks ('for’ public purposes) “in’ public. Public life, the setting for public work, is different than private life. We work with those who are radically different, whom we may even dislike. Nonviolence calls us to engage in struggle for change, not remain passive, Practices of nonviolent civic life Nonviolent movements develop everyday practices. “If you want to work through nonviolence you have to proceed with small things,” said Gandhi, In Montgomery's civil rights movement, domestic workers who walked to work rather than take segregated buses became a symbol. A driver offered an elderly woman a ride. She refused. “'m not walking for myself," she explained “I'm walking for my children and my grandchildren.” In our acrimonious public culture, where do we start? Action Idea: Have @ meeting with someone you disagree with. Refrain trom judging what is wrong with their views. What's their story? Why do they feel strongly? Are there things you can learn? Is there common ground?