TO 2 UTBK – SNBT LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS

Question 1 – 4 are based on the following passage

While Chester Barnard’s assertions about management proved unconventional for the 2900s,
they are sage guidelines that still remain relevant today. His book, Functions of the Executive, which was
published in 1938, outlined a suggested corporate communication system and also set forth theories on
authority and incentives.
His theory on authority depended on the direct report as well as the manager. Up until this time,
certain schools of thought were focused on the actions of the higher-ranking employee; however, Barnard
stressed that, in order to encourage a solid communication system, everyone had an equal part to play. In
Barnard’s view, the notion of authority is meaningless without a subordinate who responds accordingly.
Therefore, it is the subordinate who determines the relationship, not the manager.
Another management tool that Barnard stressed, which is still applicable today, is found in his
theory on incentives. He postulates that managers can use both economic incentives and persuasion to
achieve their goal. Surprisingly, especially to those who value tangible rewards, his conviction is that
persuasion is more powerful than material incentives Barnard stresses that, despite the generic
assumption, many employess would be delighted with nonmaterial rewards such as occasions for
distinction, a pleasurable work atmosphere, and self-pride for one’s labor. A study of toda’s most
profitable companies would likely reveal that they employ much of Barnard’s advice.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to…

A. Introduce a new perspective on business management
B. Propose an alternative interpretation of classic business model
C. Critique the methods used by early management theorists
D. Discuss one author’s theories on business management
E. Evaluate a proposed course of action

2. The passage suggests that which of the following is called into question by Barnard’s theory on
incentives?
A. Work atmosphere is not a powerful incentive.
B. Managers can use material incentives to achieve goals.
C. Persuasion is correlated with self-pride for one’s labor.
D. Employees prefer occasions d to a pleasrurable work atmosphere.
E. Many profitable companies rely on both material and persuasive incentives.

3. The author of the passage’s attitude toward Chester Barnard’s theories is best described as one of…
A. Cautious endorsement
B. Respectful appreciation
C. Guarded disbelief
D. Wholehearted disapproval
E. Fanatical promotion

4. The passage suggests which of the following about Barnad’s theory on authority?
A. It focused on the actions of the manager.
B. It depended more on the manager than on the subordinate.
C. It viewed authority as necessary to a solid communication system.
D. It placed as much importance on the role of subordinate as on the role of manager.
E. It relied heavily on the schools of thought that preceded it.
 TO 2 UTBK – SNBT LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS
Question 5 – 8 are based on the following passage
Found along the coastlines of southern Australia and New Zealand, Eudyptula minor is the
smallest species of penguin on record Due to its diminutive size, it is often called the Little Penguin,
though the residents of Australia call it the Fairy Penguin and those of New Zealand prefer the name
Little Blue Penguin or even just Blue Penguin. The latter names are derived from the deep blue coloring
of the penguins’ backs, designed to enable the penguins to better blend in with the surrounding water
when viewed in the ocean from above. Their white underbellies work in similar manner, helping
camouflage the penguins from undersea carnivores, which comprise tha majority of the penguins’ natural
predators.
It is fortunate that the penguins have few natural enemies, as human encroachment into their
territory has taken its toll. Due to their small size, Little Penguins are easy prey not only for now-feral
introduced species such as foxes and ferrets but also for companion animals such as dogs and cats. On
Phillip Island, the penguins draw huge crowds of tourists on a nightly basis and many of these visitors
unknowingly expose the penguins to injury by taking flash photographs, which can damage the nocturnal
birds’ highly sensitive eyes. Moreover, during the day the penguins have been known to hide behind
everything from benches to cars, an incautious human could easily hurt or even kill one of them without
even knowing.

5. The primary purpose of the passage is to…

A. Convey to the reader the plight of the Little Penguins of Australia and New Zealand
B. Educate the reader about the Little Penguin and some of the potential dangers that it faces
C. Argue that the governments of Australia and New Zealand must impose stricter animal import
laws.
D. Decry the thoughtlessness of those who visit the penguins’ territory without taking proper
precautions
E. Suggest that feral carnivores be prohibited from territory populated by the Little Penguins

6. The passage refers to foxes as an example of…

A. Animals whose predations have caused untold harm to Australia’s Little Penguin population
B. Native animals that are also in danger due to human encroachment on its territory
C. Companion animals that were imported into Australia by early settlers who were unaware of the
native species danger
D. Nocturnal animals that are unable to deal with the bright lights of flash photography
E. Non-native animals that have become part of the Australian ecosystem, preying on smaller
animals

7. According to the passage, the tourists are most likely there in order to…
A. Tour the pristine countryside of Phillip Island
B. Have the opportunity to handle a penguin
C. View some of the native wildlife
D. Help protect the habitat of the penguin
E. Enjoy the diverse geography and mild climate
 TO 2 UTBK – SNBT LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS
8. Based on the information in the passage, which of the following would be most analogous to Little
Penguin’s distinctive coloring?
A. The fur of the snowshoe hare changes from a mottled reddis-brown during the summer, so as to
blend in with dry grasses, and white in the winter, to match the snow.
B. A male peacock has more brightly colored plumes than does a female peahen, because the male
must use its plumage to draw attention, in order to attract suitable mates.
C. Some tropical frogs are able to alter the pigmentation in their skin, dither to hide more effectively
in the surrounding foliage or to mimic the markings on other frogs.
D. Many varieties of sparrow are pale when viewed from below, making it more difficult for land
predators to see the flying bird, but darker from above, obscuring the bird from birds of prey.
E. The tiger, although widely known as a brightly colored, easily visible animal, is able to disappear
among the long grass and shadows from which it typically hunts its pray.
Question 9 – 12 are based on the following passage
Today’s pet dog descended from wolves wild animals that shared the same habitat as human
hunter-gatherers and eventually became domesticated companions at about 7.000 BC. There are few
theories that explain the change from savage creature to complimentary intimate. One hypothesis suggests
that when humans took in abandoned wolf cubs, inbreeding and a new generation of domesticated
animals followed. Another theory posits that scavenging wolves would find carrion that had been
discarded by humans, which lead them to approach the unfamiliar beings. As they got nearer they fought
their instinct to flee, and that trait was passed along to their descendats, making them more suited for
domestication.
Along with the domestication of wolves came physical changes to the tame canine such as a
smaller build, a more compact jaw along with diminutive teeth as compared to their feral counterparts,
alterations in fur coloring and markings; a smaller brain and subsequently a decrease in cranial capacity
which did not allow room for certain insticts that are essential in the wild.
In an attempt to recreate the domestication of these mammals, Dmitry Belyaev commissioned an
experiment with wild silver foxes that were discerningly bred over four decades and displayed
amiablillity towards humans that they previously had not possessed.

9. Which of the following can be inferred regarding Dmitry Belyaev?

A. He succeeded in domesticating wild silver foxes.
B. He is one of the premiere researchers into wolf genetics.
C. He took in abandoned silver fox cubs and bred them for amiability
D. His experiment emphasized one particular trait in the breeding of silver foxes.
E. His experiment lured scavenging foxes into human camps.

10. According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of domestic dogs that is not found
in wolves?
A. Domestic dogs do not hunt primarily for food.
B. Domestic dogs have striped fur.
C. Domestic dogs lack instincts necessary for survival in the wild.
D. Domestic dogs fight their natural instincts to flee humans.
E. Domestic dogs have large teeth.
 TO 2 UTBK – SNBT LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS
11. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A. It presents two explanations for a particular phenomenon, and then evaluates them.
B. It poses a question and then suggests a possible answer.
C. It describes several characteristics of a particular phenomenon.
D. It offers a resolution to a controversy.
E. It presents two hypotheses for a particular occurrence.

12. The author of the passage most likely mentions inbreeding in the first paragraph in order to…
A. Suggest one way in which wolves raised by humans might have had descendents who became
domesticated
B. Explain how domesticated dogs came to have smaller teeth
C. Describe the domestication experiments of Belyaev
D. Suggest a cause for diminished brain capacity in wolves
E. Offer an explanation for the scavenging behavior of wolves
Question 13 – 16 are based on the following passage
In 1775 James Adair published History of the American Indians, a work that historians have
quoted as an insight into the characteristics of eighteenth-century Cherokee society. Residing with the
Cherokee for over forty years, the British Adair was considered an expert on the subjects. However, his
depiction of events has lead to false conclusion, a fault made by those who were not accurately
pinpointing the timeline at which his obsevations were made.
Adair noted that the Cherokee were settling in towns with some distance between each other
because “the land will not admit any other settlement.” The conclusion drawn from this statement was
that the deterioration of the Cherokee society was caused by a depletion of resources such as crops,
acreagem and wildlife.
However, new findings suggest that it was outside stressors, such as warfare, that lead to the
collapse. What, then, of Adair’s assertion? A recent study noted that because Adair chronicled his
experiences over a forty-year period, his quote could have reffered to any interval within that span, not
necessarily the final stage of the society. Furthermore, after carefully examining cartographical data,
which depicted an abundance of land, anthropologists derminded that the Cherokee society must have
flourished until the French and Indian wars added unexpexted pressure and also usurped precious time
that could have been spent farming.

13. Which of the following most accurately express the main idea of the passage?
A. Critics of Adair have misconstrued the meaning of a quote he obtained from a Cherokee person.
B. Some historians have used Adair’s work to form an unjustified conclusion.
C. The Cherokee built towns far from each other in order to minimize impact on the land.
D. Cartographical data provide evidence that one of Adair’s claims is false.
E. The demise of the Cherokee people was caused by the French and Indian wars.

14. The author of the passage refers to the French and Indian wars in the final sentence in order to…
A. Counter the idea that all Native American tribes were pacifist
B. Pin down the time at which the Cherokee society began its decline
C. Suggest that it was war, not resource depletion that caused the Cherokee to settle in towns far from
each other
D. Lay the blame for the decline of the Cherokee on Europeans rather than Indians
E. Support an alternative hypothesis that combats other historians misinterpretation of Adair’s quote
 TO 2 UTBK – SNBT LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS
15. Which of the following best expresses the author of the passage’s attitude toward the writing of James
Adair?
A. Measured appreciation
B. Unbridled enthusiasm
C. Mild reservation
D. Hostile contempt
E. Scholarly disrespect

16. With which of the following statements would the author of the passage most likely agree?
A. The Cherokee brought about their own demise by settling in towns too close to one another.
B. It is impossible for a British academic to fully understand the plight of the Cherokee.
C. During the forty years Adair lived with the Cherokee, their settlement pattern probably did not
change dramatically.
D. Once he has died, it is impossible to pin down wxactly when an anthropologist may have received
a quote.
E. James Adair should have been more careful in assigning meaning to quotations he received from
Cherokee people.
Question 17 – 20 are based on the following passage
Many critics of popular culture claim that the modern information age has led the public to be
more interested in the personal lives of ecntertainers than in their actual artistic abilities. Some have even
gone so far as to posit that many of today’s famous faces would be nowhere were it not for their personal
scandals. This is not, haowever, the purely modern phenomenon that some believe it to be.
As far back as human records go, evidence can be seen of public figures indelibly linked,
accurately or otherwise, with scandal. One notable example is Maria Callas. This glamporous Greek
opera singer was almost as well known for her supposed temperamental outburst, vitriolic rivalries, and
tempestuous relationships as for her musical abilities. During her lifetime, many critics referred to her
robust voice as inherently flawed, implying too that her fame was undeserved. Today, however, without
Callas’s undeniably vivacious personality clouding the picture, most critcs agree that she was in fact an
immensely talented singer of the first degree, ranging in her performances from dramatic soprano pieces
sush as Die Walkure to coloratura, bel canto pieces such as I Puritani managing to excel at both. Such
talent is truly undeniable, no matter what the personality of the performer.

17. The author of the passage mentions the opera Die Walkure and I Puritani in order to support the claim
that…
A. Callas’s artistic temperament was unstable and thus fit for a wide range of roles.
B. A truly talented artist must be able to perform in a wide range of styles.
C. To perform such diverse pieces demonstrated to her peers Callas’s talent.
D. Whether was a difficult person to work with is not the most important gage of her skill.
E. Callas was the most versatile opera singer of the past century, temperamental or not.
 TO 2 UTBK – SNBT LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS
18. The critics would most likely respond to the author of the passage’s claim that such talent is truly
undeniable, no matter the personality of the performer by discussing…
A. Precise aspects of Callas’s vocal technique that did not conform with the classical standards of
vocal purity.
B. Evidence supporting claims that Callas was prone to walking out on perfomanaces when
displeased with management.
C. Claims that Callas’s ability in coloratura roles was exaggerated by the singers fans and friendly
critics.
D. Scholarly papers asserting that I Puritani and Die Walkure are not as thematically different as
some suppose.
E. The personal scandals that dogged Callas’s career from her earliest days in Greece until her deadth
in Paris.

19. The organization of this passage could best be described as…

A. Thesis, followed by antithesis, and concluded with synthesis
B. Thesis, corroborated by evidence, finalized with a conclusion
C. A generalization narrowed into one spesisific example
D. A widesoread belief proveb to be false with opposing examples
E. A statement based on emotion followed by an argument based on logic

20. The passage could most reasonably be said to suggest…

A. That Callas is the prototypical example of coloratura soprano, as seen in twentieth-century operas
B. A refutation of the idea that the linking of scandals and celebrities is a solely modern phenomenon
C. That modern opera requires its top singers to have an immense range of abilities
D. That a performer’s personality is irrelevant and should not even be addressed by critcs
E. A credible explanation of Callas’s immense popularity even among those unfamiliar with opera