DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

Age Gross Motor Fine Motor Personal/Social Speech and Cognitive Emotional Source
Adaptive Language
Newborn  Flexor tone  Hands fisted  Habituation  Cry  Sensorimoto  Basic trust vs Molnar
predominates  Grasp reflex and some  State – r 0-24 Mos basic
(physiologic  State- control of dependent  Reflex mistrust.
flexion) dependent state quieting and stage ( first year)
 In prone, turns ability to fix and head turning  Normal
head to side follow bright to rattle or symbiotic
 Automatic object voice phase – does
reflex walking not
 Rounded spine differentiate
when held between self
sitting and mother

 Hand grasp Tecklin

reflex (birth to
4/5 mos)
 Visual regard
(birth to 2 mos)
1 month  Attempts to lift Tecklin
head in midline
2 months  Fencer’s  Swipes with Tecklin
posture whole hand (2-3
 Astasia mos)
 Abasia
3 months  Rolling supine  Visually Tecklin
to side-lying directed
non- reaching (3-5
segmentally mos)
 Beginning  Midline clasping
midline head of hands (3-5
control mos)
4 months  Head midline,  Hands mostly  Recognizes  Turns of  Circular  Lap baby, Molnar
 Head held open bottle voice and reaction, the developing a
when pulled to  Midline hand bell interesting sense of basic
sit play consistently result of an trust
 In prone lifts  Crude palmar  Laughs, action
head at 90° grasp squeals, motivates
 and lifts chest  Responsive its repetition
slightly vocalization
 Turns to supine  Blows
bubbles,
raspberries

 POE, head to  Reaches out to Tecklin

90 degrees, grasp object (4-
chin tuck 5 mos)
 Hands to
midline
5 months  Unilateral  Plays with feet; Tecklin
reaching bangs objects
prone-on- together
elbows  Crude palming,
 Prone-on- ulnar fingers
extended-arms predominating
 Pivot prone (5-7 mos)
posture
 Beginning
intra-axial
rotation
 Rolling prone
to supine,
segmentally
 Head lifting in
supine
 Supine, hands
to knees and
feet
 Supine, hands
to feet
 Supine, feet to
mouth
 Propped sitting
  Supine
bridging

 Began to Molnar
differentiate
between
mother and
self, i.e.,
beginning of
separation
individuation

6 months  Rolling supine  Transfers object Tecklin

to prone, from one hand
segmentally to the other
 Ring sitting,
unsupported
with full trunk
extension and
high guard
 Transferring
objects hand to
hand
7 months  Maintains  Intermediate  Differentiate  Uses single  Has a sense of Molnar
sitting, may grasp s between words and belonging to a
lean on arms  Transfers cube familiar double- central
 Rolls to prone from hand to person and consonant- person.
 Bears all hand stranger vowel
weight,  Bangs objects  Holds bottle combination
 bounces when  Looks for s
held erect dropped
 Cervical object
lordosis  “Talks” to
mirror image
8 months  Independent  Lateral scissors
sitting with grasp (8-9 mos) Tecklin
secondary
curves
 Beginning
quadruped
 Beginning pull-
to-standing
10  Creeps on all  Pincer grasp,  Plays peek-  Shouts for  Can retrieve  Practicing Molnar
months fours mature thumb a-boo attention an object phase of
 Pivots in sitting to index bangs  Finger feeds  Imitates hidden from separation-
 Stands 2 cubes  Chews with speech view individualizati
momentarily  Bangs two rotary sounds on
 Cruises cubes held in movement  Waves  Practices
 Slight bow leg hands byebye initiating
 Increased  Uses separations
lumbar “mama” and
lordosis, acute “dada” with
lumbosacral meaning,
angulation  Inhibits
behavior to
“no”

 Plantigrade  Pincer grasp, Tecklin

posture forefinger and
 Plantigrade thumb in
creeping opposition (10-
 Pulls to 11 mos)
standing and  Forefinger
lowers self dominance:
poking and
prodding with
index finger
(10-11 mos)
11  Holding crayon Tecklin
months  Beginning to
release
12  Pulls to  Uses graded  Egocentric Tecklin
months standing pressure; varies symbolic
through half- pressure play (e.g.,
kneeling depending in pretends to
 Walking object; uses drink from
independently finger tip with cup)
thumb
opposition in
fine pincer
grasp
 Turns pages of
book
14  Walks alone,  Piles two cubes  Uses spoon  Uses single  Differentiate  Rapprocheme Molnar
months arms in high  Scribbles with words s available nt phase of
guard or spontaneously overpronatio  Understand behavior separation-
mudguard.  Hold crayon full n and simple patterns for individuation ;
 Wide base, length in palm spilling. commands new words ambivalent
excessive knee  Casts objects  Removes i.e., pulls behavior to
and hip flexion garments rug on mother
 Foot contact which is a  Stage of
on entire sole toy. autonomy vs.
 Slight valgus of shame and
knees and feet doubt ( 1-3
 Pelvic tilt and y/o)
rotation  Issue of
holding on
and letting go.
 Pleasure in
controlling
muscles and
sphincters
15  Creeps up  Precision grasp  Speaks 4-6 Tecklin
months stairs* with fine words
pincer and (Nelson)
controlled
release
 Scribbles on
paper
 Builds tower of
2 cubes
17  Uses stick Tecklin
months to reach
toy
 Pretend
play with
doll
(Nelson)
18  Arms at low  Emerging hand  Imitates  Points to  Capable of Molnar
months guard dominance housework named body insight, i.e.,
 Mature  Crude release  Carries, part solving a
supporting  Hold crayon but hugs doll  Identifies problem by
base and heel end in palm  Drinks from one picture mental
strike  Dumps raisin cup neatly  Says “no” to combination
 Seats self in from bottle jargons. s, not
chair spontaneously physical
 Walks groping.
backward

 Walks up stairs  Holds paper  Speaks 10- Tecklin

with help or with other hand 15 words
handrail when scribbling
 Walks  Puts object in
backward the container
 Attempts to and dumps
kick ball contents
 Hurls ball 3  Builds tower of
feet three cubes
 Fast walk
21  Turns pages of Tecklin
months book, perhaps
two or three at
a time

2 years  Begins running  Hand  Pulls on  Two word  Preoperation Molnar

 Walks up and dominance is garment phrases are al period
down stairs usual  Uses spoon common ( 2-7 years)
alone  Builds eight – well  Uses verbs  Able to
 Jumps on both cube tower  Opens door  Refers to self evoke an
feet in place  Aligns cubes turning knob by name object or
horizontally  Feeds doll  Uses “me,” event not
 Stands on low  Imitates vertical with bottle “mine” present Tecklin
balance beam line or spoon  Follows  Object
 Jumps from  Places pencil  Toilet simple permanence
bottom step shaft between training directions established
 Kicks ball (2-3 thumb and usually  Comprehen
yrs) fingers begun ds symbols
 Throws ball (2-  Draws with arm
3 yrs) and wrist
 True run with action.
nonsupport
phase (2-3 yrs)
3 years  Runs well  Imitates three  Most  Three word  Preoperation  Stage of Molnar
 Pedals tricycle cube bridge children sentences al period initiatives vs.
 Broad jumps  Copies circle toilet trained are usual continues. guilt. ( 3-5
 Walks up stairs  Uses overhand day and  Uses future  Child is years )
alternating feet throw with night tense asks capable of  Deals with
anteroposterior  Pours from what, who, deferred issue of
arm and trunk pitcher where, imitation genital
motion  Unbuttons  Follows symbolic sexuality.
 Catches with washes and prepositional play
  Walks straight extended arms dries hands commands. drawing of Tecklin
line hugging against and face. i.e., put it graphic
 Hops 3 times body.  Parallel play under images
 Catches ball  Can take  Gives full verbal
using body and turns name evocation of
hands  Can be  May stutter events
reasoned in
with eagerness.
 Identifies
self as boy
or girl.
 Recognizes
three colors
4 years  Walks down  Handles a  Cooperative  Gives Molnar
stairs pencil by finger play – connected
alternating and wrist sharing and account of
feet. action, like interacting recent
 Hops on one adults  Imaginative experiences.
foot  Copies a cross make  Questions
 Plantar arches  Draws a froglike believe play. why, when,
developing person with  Dresses and how,
 Sits up form head and undresses  Uses past
supine position extremities. with tense,
without  Throws supervision adjectives,
rotating underhand distinguishin adverbs,
 Cuts with g front and  Knows
 Walks circular scissors back of opposite Tecklin
line clothing and analogies,
 Gallops buttoning  Repeats four
 Does simple digits.
errands
outside
home
5 years  Skips; tiptoes.  Hand  Creative  Fluent  Stage of Molnar
 Balances 10 dominance play speech. industry vs.
seconds on expected.  Competitive  Misartiulatio inferiority. ( 5
each foot.  Draws man with team play ns of some years –
head, body, and  Uses fork for sounds may adolescence)
extremities. stabbing persist.  Adjusts
 Throws with food,  Gives name, himself to the
diagonal arm  Brushes address, inorganic laws
and body teeth, age. of the tool
 Balances on rotation.  Is self  Defines world. Tecklin
one foot for 3–  Catches with sufficient in concrete
5 sec hands. toileting. nouns by
 Hops 8–10  Dresses composition,
times on same without classification
foot supervision , or use.
 Hops distance expect tying  Follows three
of 50 feet shoelaces. part
 Catches ball commands.
using hands  Has number
only concepts to
10.
6 years  Rides bicycle.  Prints alphabet;  Teacher is an  Shows  Stage of Molnar
 Roller skates letter reversal important mastery of industry vs.
is still authority to grammar inferiority
acceptable. child  Uses proper continues.
 Mature catch  Uses form articulation
 Skips and throw of appropriatel Tecklin
ball, y
 Uses knife
for
spreading
 Plays table
games
7 years  Continuing  Eats with  Period of Molnar
refinement of fork and concrete
skills knife. operational
 Combs hair thought ( 7
 Is years -
responsible adolescence
for grooming )
  Child is
capable of
logical
thinking

Levitt:
Prone development
Postural Postural Postural Postural Counterpoising Counterpoisin Counterpoisin Tilt Saving
stability of the stability of the stability of the stability of of the head g the arm g leg reactions from
head trunk shoulder girdle the pelvis movements movements in prone falling
reactions
 when lying  flexion with  When taking  on knees  head partial  creeping  Prone lying  lies at
prone (0–3 hips off the weight on with hips raise and turn actions (3–5 during about  in the
months) surface and forearms (3–5 at right (0–3 months) months) creeping 6 arms
 on forearms then tips months) angles (4  head when actions (3– month at 5–7
(3–5 over into  on hands with months) movements weight 5 months) s months
months) side lying elbows semi-  on elbows whilst holding bearing on leg  hands downw
 on hands with weight flexed (4–6 and knees the head up one forearm movement and ard-
(4–6 bearing months) (4–6 against whilst on knees knees and-
months) continuing  elbows months) gravity (3–5 reaching with upper at forwar
 on hands forward on straight (6–7  on hands months) with the trunk and about d
and knees cheek or months) and knees  Free head other (5–7 arms being  9–12 ‘parach
 (6–9 side of face  weight bear on (6–9 movements months) supported month ute’,
months) and hands and months) are  leaning on a (5–6 s followe
 in half- shoulders knees (6–9  Stability of counterpoise hand months)  in d by
kneeling (0–3 months) months) pelvis and d in prone- reaching  leg lift uprigh arm
hand  Weight then  prone lying hips on the kneeling with the when on t proppi
support (9– shifts with arms held surface (6– postures (6– other (7 hands and kneeli ng
11 months) towards the stretched 9 months) 12 months) months) knees (6–8 ng
on hands legs. As forward along enables on  Arms are months) around
and feet (12 head, the ground to hands with counterpois  counterpois 15–18
months) shoulder and hold a toy (5–6 straight ed in ing of arms month
 Head held in trunk months) elbows, crawling (9– in crawling s
alignment stability  when holding stabilises 11 months) (9–11
with spine develops the an object in in half- and on months)
(4 months) child can the air (6–7 kneeling hands and and in bear-
with chin control side months) ‘pivot and feet (12 walk (12
well in (5–6 lying and prone’ (begins upright months) months)
months) symmetrical 5–6 months kneeling  Stand lean
prone lying and with on hands
(6–9 months) established 8– support (9– on low
 The back 10 months) 12 months) table
becomes with weight on and (modified
straight and abdomen and without bear-walk
then slightly pelvis with support position),
extended on extended (12–18 weight shift
forearms (3– trunk and legs months) laterally
5 months) in the air as develops to
becoming well as with allow
fully arms held counterpois
extended on abducted- ing of leg
hands (6–7 extended in lifting and
months) the air to also
 In ‘pivot stabilize prepares
prone’ (5–10 shoulder girdle for cruising
months) the (‘high guard’ at low
trunk position) furniture.
stabilizes  In other  This
well in positions, overlaps
extension stability into the
 When a child develops developme
is on further during nt of
forearms, he half-kneeling cruising in
shifts his or in upright standing at
weight kneeling, normally
backwards and  leaning on 9–12 months
 forwards and to hands (9–12 levels
each side (3–5 months) and
months) and during
similarly when grasping a
on hands (6–7 support, within
months) all prone
 When a child developmental
is on stages,
forearms, he especially
shifts his around 9–12
weight months
backwards
and forwards
and to each
side (3–5
months) and
similarly
when on
hands (6–7
months)
Supine development:
Postural Postural stability Postural stability Counterpoising the Rising reactions Tilt reactions and
stabilization of the of the shoulder of the pelvis limbs in the air and actions saving reactions
head girdle
 The normal  holds the arm up  posterior tilt in  There is activation  Supine, head  less important in
neonate’s head is to face in midline being pulled to sit of limb muscles rising (righting) supine than in
in midline with or when hands (4–6 months) together with and the sitting and
physiological are held in  child holds legs in neck flexors, overcoming of standing.
flexion but on the midline (4 the air with feet pectorals, head lag (4–6  They may be used
side by 1 month, months) for hand touching in serratus anterior months) prepares only laterally for
The body is tipped to mouth and for dorsiflexion and abdominals rising out of trunk
to the same side hand regard, supination (5 (5–7 months) supine strengthening
as the face, as which overcomes months)  Pivoting on the  Normal exercises and for
there is no the shoulder  one leg up in the back using weight asymmetries in correcting a
postural control retraction of 3 air (4–6 months) shift to each side supine lying are postural scoliosis.
yet and neck- months in order to grasp counterpoises from 0 to 4  Saving and
righting response  reach, reach and a knee and then a lateral arm and months, posterior tilt
is active grasp, and hand– foot and foot to leg movements so becoming correct round
 Head stabilisation eye coordination mouth that a child can symmetrical in 4– backs and
in midline is (4–5 (4–6 months)  There is then move in circles 5 months strengthen back
months normally) including visually anterior pelvic tilt (9–10 months) extensors
on a surface and directed reach to and stability (5–7
 with head held off raised foot for months) when a
the surface (5–6 touching and child bridges his
months) ‘mouthing’ hips in extension
 Head turn to look  There is with feet on the
keeping body anticipatory surface
midline or with mouth opening to
pelvis to the ‘mouth’ at 5
opposite side (4–6 months
months) (Head
raise (4–6
months) is part of
the rising
reactions)