chemical

EXERCISE

1. write down the general formulas of alkonic acid and alkyl alkonat acid .
2. Write the structure of the alkonic acid (carboxylic acid).
a) methanoic acid
b) acid ethanoic
3. write the structure of the alicyl alkonoate (ester) compound.
a) methyl methanoate
b) methyl ethanoate
c) ethyl propanoate
4. Write down the isomer of C3h6o
5. write some uses of carboxylic compounds and esters (three each).
6. write the properties of alkonoic acids and alkyl konoates ( esters )
Answer :
1. general formula of alkonoic (carboxylic) acid.
R–COOH with R = H or R= CnH2n+1.
General formula alkyl alkonoat acid.
O
II
R – C - O – R or = CnH2nO
II
O
2. a). Methanoic acid
O
II
H - C – OH

b). Acid ethanoic

O
II
CH3 – C – OH

3. a). Methyl methanoate

O
II
H - C – O – CH3
 b). Methyl ethanoate
O
II
CH3 - C – O – CH3

c). Ethyl propanoate

O
II
CH3 – CH2 – C – CH2 – CH3

4. Isomer CH36O
• From alkyl alkonat Acid

O
II
• CH3 – C – O - CH3 = Methyl ethanoic

• H – C – O – CH2 – CH3 = Ethyl Methanoic

• From alkonat acid ( Carboxylat)

O
II
• CH3 – CH2 - C – OH = Acid Propanoate

5. a). Alkonoic acid applications (carboxylic)

1). Formic acid is utilized in the leather tanning business as well as for the
compounding of medications (such as aspirin), insect control, and latex
coagulation.
2). Acetic acid, which is utilized as a food ingredient and preservative, has a 5%
concentration.
3). galciol acetic acid (pure vinegar) for the production of polymers, coloring agents,
and cellulose acetate.
b). Alkyl alkonoates (esters) are used
1). Alkyl alkonoates (esters) are used Amyl acetate smells like pineapple, while ethyl
acetate smells like bananas.
2). as paint/coating for automobiles and furnishings, using the formula C25H51COO -
C3OH61
3). as an ingredient for soap.
 4). as a remover of nail polish
6. a). Alkonoic (carboxylic) acid characteristics
1). Weak acid .
2). More soluble in nonpolar liquids.
3). Generally nonpolar.
4). Alcohol has greater freezing and boiling points than water.
5). Water solubility of methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic, and butanoic acids.
6). Pentanoic and hexanoic acids are only a little soluble in water.
7). Water is insoluble in alkonoic acid.
b). Alkyl alkonoates' characteristics (esters)
1). Compounds of neutral carbon
2. has a fruity scent.
3). water soluble.
4). lower freezing and boiling values than alconoic acid.
5). At low temperatures, a small number of C atoms or low tribes are liquid.