Mathematics

9
Quarter 3, Wk.2 - Module 2
Properties of Parallelogram

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Math- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 Wk. 2 - Module 2: Properties of Parallelograms

First Edition, 2020

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 Mathematics
9
Quarter 3, Wk.2 - Module 2
Properties of Parallelogram

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About .................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know ............................................................................................................. i
How to learn from this Module .............................................................................................. .i
Icons of this Module .............................................................................................................. .ii
What I Know ......................................................................................................................... .1

Lesson: Properties of Parallelogram

What’s In ..................................................................................................... 2
What’s New ................................................................................................ 2
What Is It ....................................................................................................... 3
What’s More ................................................................................................. 8
What I Have Learned .................................................................................... 9
What I Can Do ............................................................................................... 9

Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 11
Answer Key........................................................................................................................ 12
References ......................................................................................................................... 13
What This Module is About

Engineers and architects utilize their basic knowledge in designing floor plans before
coming up with house or building designs. This basic knowledge involves mastery of
properties involving parallelograms because it primarily discusses about congruency and
accurate measurement.

This module is about properties of parallelogram and how they are illustrated in real-
life. The lesson provided you with opportunities to discuss the different properties of
parallelograms using practical situations and their mathematical representations. Moreover,
you were given the chance to prove certain properties to understand more of its concepts
and how to apply it in solving the measurement of the angles and sides of a parallelogram.
Further, this will help you observe your environment and grasp concepts which could help
you solve real life problems. Your understanding of this lesson and other previously learned
mathematics concepts and principles will facilitate your learning of the next lesson, theorems
involving rectangles and rhombus.

What I Need to Know

This module primarily deals with using properties to find measures of angles, sides
and other quantities involving parallelograms; its application and appreciating the uses of the
properties in real-life situations. These concepts are important for solving real-life problems.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

i
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know

Pre - Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Take note of the items that you
were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this
module.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.

b. Opposite angles in a parallelogram are complementary.

c. The diagonals in a parallelogram are always perpendicular segments.

d. Any two consecutive angles of a parallelogram are congruent and acute.

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. The diagonals of a parallelogram are parallel.

b. The diagonals of a parallelogram are always congruent.

c. The diagonals of a parallelogram are bisectors of each other.

d. The diagonals of a parallelogram are always perpendicular to each other.

3. Given parallelogram POST and PT = 13 cm. Which is congruent to ̅̅̅̅?

a. ̅̅̅̅ b. ̅̅̅ c. ̅̅̅̅ d. ̅̅̅

4. What is the measure of in the rhombus FOUR? F O

a. b. c. d.

R U
5. Two consecutive angles of a parallelogram have measures and
. What is the measure of the smaller angle?
a. b. c. d.

1
 P
Lesson Properties of Parallelogram

What’s In

Activity 1: Fill me Up!

Instructions: Fill in to the blank spaces to satisfy each sentence that would
guarantee conditions that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Write your answers on
the blank space provided.

1. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of sides are

.
2. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of angles are
.
3. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of angles are
.
4. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the bisect each other.
5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if each divides a
parallelogram into two .
6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if one pair of opposite sides are both
and .

What’s New

Activity 2: House Tour!

Instructions: Look around the room and try to find at least 2 examples of
parallelograms. Write and draw these items in the first and second columns of the
table below, titled
INTRODUCTION CLOSURE
Is it a
Why or
Item Object name Picture parallelogram?
Why not?
(yes / no)
1

2
Process Questions:
a. How did you find each objects in your house?
b. What made you decide that the object is a parallelogram or not?

What Is It

We will go through with properties involving parallelograms and show to you

examples of how it is being proved.

Parallelogram Property 1 In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are congruent

Given: Parallelogram ABCD
Prove: ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. □ABCD 1. Given

2. Draw EO 2. Two points determine one line.

3. 3. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of

opposite sides parallel.

4. 4. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the

alternate interior angles are congruent.

5. 5. Reflexive Property (Identity)

6. ABC  CDA 6. ASA - If 2 angles and the included side of one triangle are
congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle,
then the two triangles are congruent.

7. AB  DC; AD  BC 7. CPCTC- Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are

congruent.

3
Parallelogram Property 2 In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are congruent.

Given: Parallelogram JUST

Prove: ADC  CBA; ADC  CD

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. □ABCD 1. Given
2. Draw AC and DB. 2. Two Points determine a line
3. AB  DC; AD  BC 3. Parallelogram Property 1

4. AC  AC; DB  DB 4. Reflexive Property

5. CAD  ACB; BCD  DAB 5. SSS

6. ADC  CBA; ADC  CD 6. CPCTC

Activity 3: Provide the Proof!

Instructions: For the remaining three properties, complete the table by filling in the
missing statements or reasons in the proof. Choose your answers from the box
before every proof.

A. Parallelogram Property 3 In a parallelogram, any two consecutive angles are

supplementary.
Given: Parallelogram LIFE
Prove: I and F are supplementary
F and E are supplementary
E and L are supplementary
L and I are supplementary

(a) Opposite sides of parallelograms (c) Opposite angles of parallelograms are

are parallel.
(b) Same side interior angles of
parallel segments cut by a
transversal are supplementary.
congruent.
(d) Parallelogram LIFE.
eF and E are supplementary, E and L are
supplementary, L and I are supplementary

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. LI || FE 2.
3. I and F are supplementary. 3.

4
 4. I  E; F  L 4.
5. An angle that is supplementary to one of two
5. congruent angles is supplementary to the other also.

B. Parallelogram Property 4 The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Given: Parallelogram PURE with diagonals ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅

Prove: ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅ bisect each other.

(a) Opposite sides of parallelograms are (d) Vertical angles are congruent.
congruent. (e) Segment bisector passes through
the midpoint of a segment
(b) Parallelogram PURE with diagonals ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅ (f) ;

(c) Alternate interior angles of parallel segments (g) Corresponding sides of congruent
cute by a transversal are congruent. triangles are congruent (CPCTC).

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ; ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ 2.
3. ; 3.
4. ; 4.
5. 5. SAA Congruence Postulate
6. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ; ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ 6.
7. ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅ bisect each other. 7.

5
C. Parallelogram Property 5 A diagonal of a parallelogram divides the parallelogram into
two congruent triangles.
Given: Parallelogram EXIT with diagonal ̅̅̅
Prove: EXI  ITE

(a) Opposite sides of parallelograms are (c) By SSS Congruence Postulate

congruent.
(b) Parallelogram EXIT with diagonal ̅̅̅ (d) Reflexive Property

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ; ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ 2.

3. ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ 3.
4. EXI  ITA 4.

You will now use these properties to find the measure of the sides of
parallelograms and its angle measures.

Example: Given ABCD is a parallelogram. Find each measure.

5x + 19
B

1. Find the measure of AD.

Steps Solution
Step 1: ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
Use the Parallelogram Property 1that says any
two opposite sides of a parallelogram are
congruent.
Step 2: 7x = 5x + 19
Write an equation by substitution.

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 Step 3: 7x – 5x = 5x + 19 – 5x
Solve for x. 7x – 5x = 19
2x = 19
x = 9.5
Step 4:
Substitute the value of x to AD AD = 7x
AD = 7(9.5)
AD = 66.5

2. Find m B

Steps Solution
Step 1:
Use the Parallelogram Property 2 that says
any two opposite angles of a parallelogram are
congruent
Step 2: 6y + 5 = 8y – 17
Write an equation by substitution.
Step 3:
Solve for y.
6y + 5 – 5 = 8y – 17 – 5
6y – 8y = 8y – 22 – 8y
6y – 8y = – 22
– 2y = – 22
y = 11
Step 4:
Substitute the value of y to m B m B = (6y + 5)o
m B = [6(11) + 5]o
m B = (66 + 5)o
m B = 71o

Process questions:
1. What property did you used in finding the measurement of the side of a
parallelogram?
2. What property did you used to find measurement of one angle?
3. Does the use of the properties helpful in solving the problems?

7
 What’s More

Activity 4: Your turn!

Instructions: Below is parallelogram FIRE. Consider the given information. Use
the Parallelogram properties to answer each item. Show your solution.

1. Given: FI = (3x – 5) cm, IR = (2y – 7) cm, RE = (x + 7) cm and EF = (y + 3) cm.

a. What is the value of x?

b. How long is ̅̅̅ ?
c. What is the value of y?
d. How long is ̅̅̅̅ ?
e. From your answers in b and d, what is the perimeter of parallelogram FIRE?

2. Diagonals ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅ meet at D. ̅̅̅̅ is 8 cm and ̅̅̅̅ is 13 cm.

a. How long is EI?
b. How long is DF?

Activity 5: Solve my missing part!

Instructions: Use the Parallelogram properties you learned and use them to solve for the
measures of the parallelogram in each item. Show your step by step solution.

1. Find m and each angle. 2. Find x and each side.

3. Find y and each side. 4. Find k and each angle.

8
For numbers 5 and 6: WXYZ is a parallelogram. Find the missing angle measures.

5. 6.

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Sum It Up
Instructions: In the table that follows, write T in the second column if your answer
on the statement is true; otherwise, write F. Indicate the number of the property/ies
(1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) that supports your TRUE answer by writing it on the third column.

Statement (T or F) Property/ies
1. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of
opposite sides are parallel.
2. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of
opposite sides are congruent.
3. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of
opposite angles are congruent.
4. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if any two consecutive
angles are complementary.
5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if exactly one pair of
adjacent sides is perpendicular.
6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if only one pair of
opposite sides is parallel.

What I Can Do

Activity 7: Mini-task: Where in the real world?

Instructions: Apply your knowledge to perform the task given. You may use any
materials which are indigenous in making the project.

You are working as a civil engineer in the Local Government of your

municipality. Due to the surging of positive cases, the mayor asked you to design a

9
quarantine facility inside a gymnasium. Your department head gave you an
instruction to design a floor plan for 20 rooms in a gymnasium in which a room has a
dimension of 3 x 5 m. You need to draw the floor plan in a bond paper with its
indicated measurement. Use the rubric as a guide in your plan.

Floor Plan Grading Rubric

Category: Points: 10 Points: 8 Points: 6 Points: 4
Appearance The floor plan shows The floor plan shows The floor plan shows The floor plan was put
considerable attention attention to some attention to together sloppily.
to detail. There are no construction. A few construction. A few Smudges, and stray
stray marks or smudges. barely noticeable stray barely noticeable stray marks are present.
All lines are straight marks or smudges are marks or smudges are Lines are not straight.
and clean. present. All lines are present. Lines are
mostly straight, but mostly straight and
clean. mostly clean.
Creativity Floor plan demonstrates Parts of the floor plan The ideas on the floor The student put little, if
an exceptional degree reflect an exceptional plan are typical rather any creative effort into
of student creativity in degree of student than creative. the floor plan.
creation. creativity in creation.
Vocabulary Each room and piece of The majority of the Some of the rooms and Hardly any of the
furniture is labeled rooms and furniture furniture pieces are rooms and furniture
correctly and includes pieces are labeled labeled correctly and pieces are labeled
the proper use of correctly and includes includes the proper use correctly and does not
definite articles (el, la, the proper use of of definite articles (el, includes the proper use
los, las). definite articles (el, la, la, los, las) for the most of definite articles (el,
los, las). part. la, los, las).
Task The floor plan includes The floor plan includes The floor plan includes The floor plan includes
Completion at least 6 rooms. Each at least 5 rooms. Each at least 4 rooms. Each at least 3 rooms. Each
room has at least 4 room has at least 3 room has at least 2 room has at least 2
furniture pieces. furniture pieces. furniture pieces. furniture pieces.

Summary
Properties of Parallelogram
In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are congruent.
In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are congruent.
In a parallelogram, any two consecutive angles are supplementary.
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
A diagonal of a parallelogram forms two congruent triangles.

10
 Assessment (Post-test)

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Take note of the items that you
were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this
module.

1. Given parallelogram RSTW with diagonals ̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅. The diagonals intersect
at O. What is RO if RT = 36 cm?
a. 36 cm b. 18 cm c. 15 cm d. 16 cm
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. All sides in a parallelogram are always congruent.

b. Opposite angles in a parallelogram are congruent.

c. The diagonals in a parallelogram are parallel segments.

d. Any two consecutive angles of a parallelogram are complementary.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. The diagonals of a parallelogram are parallel.

b. The diagonals of a parallelogram are always congruent.

c. The diagonals of a parallelogram are bisectors of each other.

d. The diagonals of a parallelogram are always perpendicular to each other.

F O
4. What is the measure of in the rhombus FOUR?
a. b. c. d.

R U
5. Two opposite angles of a parallelogram have measures and .
What is the value of x?
a. 36 b. c. d.

11
 12
What I Can Do: What I Have Learned:
Activity 7 Activity 6 Assessment:
Answers may vary 1. T, 1 1. b
2. T, 1 2. b
3. T, 2 3. c
4. F 4. d
5. F 5. b
6. F
What’s New Activity 3: B Activity 3: C
Activity 2:
Answers may vary 1. (b) Parallelogram PURE with 1. (b) Parallelogram EXIT with
diagonals 𝑃𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑈𝐸 ̅̅̅
diagonal 𝐴𝐼
Activity 3: A
2. (a) Opposite sides of 2. (a) Opposite sides of
parallelograms are parallelograms are
1. (d) Parallelogram LIFE. congruent. congruent.
2. (a) Opposite sides of 3. (d) Vertical angles are 3. (d) Reflexive Property
parallelograms are congruent. 4. (c) By SSS Congruence
parallel. 4. (c) Alternate interior angles of Postulate
3. (b) Same side interior angles parallel segments cute by a
of parallel segments cut by transversal are congruent.
Activity 5:
a transversal are 5. (f) 𝑃𝐻𝑈 𝑅𝐻𝐸 ; 𝑃𝐻𝐸 o o
1. m = 75 ; 75 and 105
supplementary. 𝑅𝐻𝑀 2. x = 6 ; both sides are 34 units
4. (c) Opposite angles of 6. (g) Corresponding sides of 3. y = 6 ; both sides are 48 units
parallelograms are congruent triangles are 4. k = 5 ; both angles are 45o
congruent. congruent (CPCTC). 5. 𝑚 𝑋 ° 𝑚 𝑌 𝑚 𝑊 °
6. 𝑚 𝑍 ° 𝑚 𝑌 𝑚 𝑊 °
5. eF and E are 7. (e) Segment bisector passes
supplementary, E and L through the midpoint of a
are supplementary, L and segment
I are supplementary
What’s More: Activity 4 What’s In: Activity 1 What I Know
1: 2: 1. opposite, congruent 1. a
a. x = 6 a. EI = 16 cm 2. opposite, congruent 2. c
b. 13 cm b. DF = 6.5 cm 3. consecutive, supplementary 3. c
c. y = 10 4. diagonals 4. c
d. 13 cm 5. diagonal, congruent triangles 5. b
e. 52 cm 6. parallel and equal
Answer Key
References

Published Book:
Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material. First Edition, 2014. Bryant,
Bulalayao, Callanta et. Al.

Websites:

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=YmF5LmsxMi5mbC51c3xzcmEtbWlsb
GVyfGd4OjE0ZGJmNjliYzU3NmI2MjA

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Geometry/Quadrilaterals/QDParallelograms.html

https://www.rcboe.org/cms/lib/GA01903614/Centricity/Domain/8243/9.1.pdf

13
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Department of Education – Region 10

Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang

Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph