DISASTER NURSING

Disaster vs
Accident
Compare and Contrast
Disaster
Disaster Nursing
 Philippine Disaster and
Risk Profile
A. Concepts and Types of Disaster

1. Natural vs. Technological

2. Internal vs. External Disaster
 Natural Disaster
1. Geophysical – land
2. Meteorological – weather
3. Hydrological – water
4. Climatological – climate change
5. Biological – life
1. Terrorism
2. Technological
3. Transitional Human Shelters
– alternative
accommodations
 Terrorism
the calculated use of violence to
create a general climate of fear in
a population and thereby to bring
about a particular political objective.
 Technological Disaster
• Cyberterrorism is often defined as any
premeditated, politically motivated attack
against information systems, programs and data
that threatens violence or results in violence.

• The definition is sometimes expanded to include

any cyber attack that intimidates or generates
fear in the target population.
DISASTER HAPPENS =
PROBLEM
IMPLEMENTATION OF
DISASTER NURSING/
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
=
CASUALTY DECREASES
 TRENDS and PATTERNS of
DISASTER

PHASES OF DISASTER
A. PRE IMPACT - before
disaster

1. PRE – DISASTER
2. WARNING
 Pre impact

Occurs prior to the onset of the

disaster.
Includes the period of threat and
warning.
May not occur in all disaster.
B. IMPACT PHASE – during
disaster
1.Social and Physical Impact
2.Emergency
3.Isolation
4.Rescue
 Impact

Period of time when disaster occurs, continuing

to immediately following disaster.
Inventory and rescue period.
Assessment of extent of losses.
Identification of remaining sources.
Planning for use of resources and minimizing
further injuries and
property damage
C. POST IMPACT – after

1. REMEDY
2. RECOVERY
 Post Impact
Occurs when majority of rescue operations are completed.
Remedy and recovery period.
Lengthy phase that may last for years.
Honeymoon phase - feeling of euphoria, appearances of
little effect by disaster.
Disillusionment phase - feeling of anger, disappointment
and resentment.
Reconstruction phase - acceptance of loss, copping with
stereo, rebuilding
 Remember
Disasters take many shapes.
Human-made disasters result from human
errors and include industrial explosions or
structure failures.
Natural disasters result from physical
phenomena and include earthquakes and
droughts.
Disasters classified as complex can include
epidemics or armed conflicts.
In whatever form, disasters disrupt
communities and can take a serious toll
on people, property, economies, and
the environment. They often stretch a
community’s capacity to cope.
Disaster
Management
 Disaster Management

is a process of effectively preparing for and

responding to disasters.
It involves strategically organizing resources to
lessen the harm that disasters cause.
It also involves a systematic approach to
managing the responsibilities of disaster
prevention, preparedness, response, and
recovery.
Are you familiar with?

NDRRMC
 NDRRMC
The National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC) is the
agency tasked to prepare for, and respond
to, natural calamities, like typhoons and
earthquakes.
It also monitors human-induced
emergencies, such as armed conflicts and
maritime accidents.
As a policy-making body, it is assigned to
formulate a national disaster risk
reduction and management (DRRM)
framework that provides for a
“comprehensive, all hazards, multi-
sectoral, inter-agency and community-
based approach to disaster risk reduction
and management,” according
to Republic Act 10121, NDRRMC’s
enabling law.
Search and Rescue
Triaging
Save as many lives/ property as
you can
 Communication
Communication in terms of
sharing information among
organization and across a lot of
people is a major priority in any
disaster planning initiative.
Failure of the communication system may
occur in the event of a disaster, resulting from
one of many situations, including damage of
infrastructure by the disaster itself, as well as
lack of operator familiarity, excessive demands,
inadequate supplies and lack of integration with
other communications providers and
technologies.
3 zones
True/ False
True/ False
True/ False
NURSES
Triaging
Emergency response – Basic
EMERGENCY NURSING

TRIAGE
 Multiple Casualty Incidents

Definitions vary from one community to

another - it may be described as an
incident that reduces the effectiveness of
the traditional EMS response because of
number of patients, special hazards, or
difficult rescue
 Triage Triage means, “To Sort”

A process for sorting injured people into groups based

on their need for immediate medical treatment and
transport.
Clear and assemble the walking and wounded using
verbal instructions.
Primary triage assesses respiration, perfusion,and
mental status
Secondary triage is a more in-depth assessment
usually conducted in the Treatment Unit
Principles of Triage
Assessment of patient injury severity is
based on
Abnormal physiological signs
Obvious anatomic injury (including
mechanism of injury)
Concurrent disease factors that might affect
the patient's prognosis
Principles of Triage
Triage is a continuous
process during a major
incident
 Primary vs. Secondary Triage
Primary triage
Used to rapidly categorize patient condition for
treatment
Document location of patient and transport needs
Label patient with triage labels, tags, or tape
Focus on speed to sort patients quickly
No care (other than immediate lifesaving airway
or hemorrhage management) is rendered during
primary triage
Primary vs. Secondary Triage

Secondary Triage
Used at treatment area
Patients are re-triaged and labeled
Not always necessary, especially at
small incidents
 START Triage
START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment)
uses a 60–second assessment
Focuses on the patient’s:
Ability to walk
Respiratory effort
Pulses/perfusion
Neurological status
Immediate
Delayed
Minimal
Expectant
Sorting / Tagging
The End ☺