GEC02 - UTS

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL

PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF

JOANNA RODESSA R. CAPILITAN, RGC

DEFINE AND DESCRIBE THE

DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL
LEARNING

CONCEPTS OF SELF;
HOW THE CONCEPTS OF SELF
OUTCOMES
INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR; AND
APPLY CONCEPTS OF SELF IN

ONE'S LIFE TO DEVELOP SELF-

AWARENESS AND SELF-

UNDERSTANDING
 Psychology
PSYCHOLOGY: •the scientific study of human
behavior
A DISCIPLINE
•greatly contributes to an individual’s

THAT STUDIES

understanding of the self because it

focuses on various forms of

THE SELF
behaviors: overt or covert, simple or
complex, direct or indirect, rational
or irrational, and all these form part
of the self.
 •GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY:

PSYCHOLOGY: 2.To identify factors that help

1.To describe human behavior;

A DISCIPLINE
predict behavior;
THAT STUDIES

3.To understand or explain

behavior by identifying causes
THE SELF that bring about certain effects;
and
4.To control or change behavior.
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

ABOUT THE SELF

 WILLIAM JAMES’ CONCEPT OF THE SELF: THE

ME-SELF AND THE I-SELF

William James (1842-1910) was a philosopher who first

offered a psychology course in the United States,

earning him the title 'Father of American Psychology.’

He then, became a psychologist and a leading thinker of

the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

William James looks at the self in two divided categories:

the I-Self and the Me-Self.

I-Self - the self that knows who he or she is which is also

called the thinking self. The I-Self reflect the soul of a

person or the mind which is also called the pure ego.

Me-Self - the empirical self which refers to the person’s

personal experiences and is further divided into

subcategories: the material self, social self and spiritual

self.
MATERIAL SELF - ATTRIBUTED TO AN INDIVIDUAL’S

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES AND MATERIAL POSSESSIONS THAT

CONTRIBUTE TO ONE’S SELF-IMAGE.

SOCIAL SELF - REFERS TO WHO A PERSON IS AND HOW HE OR

SHE ACTS IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS.

SPIRITUAL SELF - REFERS TO THE MOST INTIMATE AND

IMPORTANT PART OF THE SELF THAT INCLUDES THE

PERSON’S PURPOSE, CORE VALUES, CONSCIENCE, AND MORAL

BEHAVIOR.
 CARL ROGERS’ SELF THEORY
CARL ROGERS (1902-1987) IS AN AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST WHO

FORMULATED THE PERSON-CENTERED THEORY WHICH WAS ALSO

REFERRED TO AS SELF-THEORY.
SELF - FLEXIBLE AND CHANGING PERCEPTION OF PERSONAL

IDENTITY.
SELF DEVELOPS FROM INTERACTIONS WITH SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE

AND AWARENESS OF ONE'S OWN CHARACTERISTICS.

HUMAN BEINGS ARE ALWAYS STRIVING FOR SELF-FULFILLMENT

AND SELF-ACTUALIZATION.
 CARL ROGERS’ SELF THEORY

TWO COMPONENTS OF SELF-CONCEPT: REAL SELF AND IDEAL SELF.

REAL SELF - consists of all ideas, such as awareness of what one

is, and what one can do.

IDEAL SELF - person's conception of what one should be or what

one aspires to be which includes goals and ambitions in life.

THE CLOSER THE IDEAL SELF TO THE REAL SELF, THE MORE

FULFILLED AND HAPPY THE INDIVIDUAL BECOMES.

 MULTIPLE VERSUS UNIFIED SELF, TRUE SELF
WINNICOTT has found that the self is composed of the TRUE and

FALSE self. The function of the false self is to hide and protect the
true self.
 ALBERT BANDURA:
SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC
AGENCY - endowments, belief systems, self-regulatory capabilities,

and distributed structures and functions of self.

MAIN FEATURES OF HUMAN AGENCY:
INTENTIONALITY - acts done intentionally, center on plans of

action with the anticipation of possible outcomes.

FORETHOUGHT - anticipates the consequences of actions done.
SELF-REACTIVENESS - making choices and choosing appropriate

actions.
 ALBERT BANDURA:
SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC
SELF - REFLECTIVENESS - ability to reflect upon and the

adequacy of his or her thoughts and actions.

SELF-EFFICACY - individual's belief that he is capable to perform a

task which influences whether he is capable to perform a task which

influences whether he will think pessimistically or optimistically, in

ways that are self - enhancing or self - hindering.

 CARL JUNG;
THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHETYPE
ARCHETYPES - hidden potentialities of the psyche (personality)
it resides in the personal unconscious (forgotten

experiences) also known as the collective unconscious.

FOUR TYPES OF ARCHETYPES:
PERSONA - social roles that individuals present to others.
SHADOW - repressed thoughts that are socially

unacceptable, dark side of the psyche.

 CARL JUNG;
THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHETYPE

ANIMA/ANIMUS - Anima is the feminine side of the male

psyche, animus is the masculine side of the female psyche.

SELF - central archetype that unites all parts of the

psyche.

The EGO is the individual's conscious perception of the self.

SIGMUND FREUD’S CONSTRUCTION THEORY OF SELF

AN AUSTRIAN NEUROLOGIST WHO WAS KNOWN AS

THE FOUNDER OF PSYCHOANALYSIS, A SET OF
THEORIES AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES RELATED
TO THE STUDY OF THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND.
STRESSED THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD
EXPERIENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF.
“THE CHILD IS THE FATHER OF THE MAN.”
3 STRUCTURES OF THE SELF:
1.ID – the biological component of self which is based on

the pleasure principle; concerns the need to satisfy

basic urges and desires; pleasure-seeking, impulsive,

child-like and demanding of instant gratification.

2.EGO – refers to the I or the self which serves as

mediator between the Id and Superego; the objective

component of personality and is based on Reality

Principle.
3.SUPEREGO – CONSISTS OF THE CONSCIENCE AND EGO

IDEALS; SERVES AS THE MORAL ARM OF PERSONALITY.

EGO STRENGTH - THE EGO’S ABILITY TO RESOLVE THE

CONFLICT BETWEEN THE STRUCTURES.

IN FREUD’S VIEW, THE ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO DEVELOP IN A

SERIES OF STAGES.
HE PROPOSED THAT PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN

CHILDHOOD TAKES PLACE DURING THE FIVE

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES: ORAL, ANAL, PHALLIC, LATENCY

AND GENITAL.
ERIK ERICKSON’S THEORY OF SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Erik H. Erikson (1902-1994) was born on June 15, 1902, in

Frankfurt, Germany. His young Jewish mother, Karla Abrahamsen,

raised Erik by herself for a time before marrying a physician, Dr.

Theodore Homberger.
Erikson was known for his formulation of the Psychosocial Theory

of Development which pointed out that development of self

proceeds by stages. Each stage contributes to the formation of

the self.
 TE S T DIS C O VE R Y O F M Y

THE GR E A
IS TH A T H U M AN BE IN G S

GENERAT IO N
EIR L IV E S B Y A LT E RIN G

CAN ALTE R T H
E S O F M IN D .
THEIR ATTITUD

- William James
 ASSIGNMENT

In the two boxes below, draw symbols that represent

you real self and ideal self respectively. Symbols may be

in the form of actual objects or anything that may

symbolize your perception of who you are (real) and

those that portray the things that you would like to

become.
 Questions for Reflection:
1. What did you feel while you were doing the activity?
2. Compare your drawings of your real self and ideal

self. Are the two the same? If so, why do you think

those are the same? If the drawings in the real self-

box and ideal self-box are not the same, why do you

think?
3. What are your insights from this activity?