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    Rock Mass Quality (Q-System)

    Uploaded by

    mohit kumar [NIT Rourkela]

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    416123, 4.03 PM Astly | View Notes e Rock mass quality Q-system * Barton et af, (1974) at Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NC) ) * Developed based on several case histories * Objective: to characterize rock mass & determine preliminary empirical design of support system for tunnels and caverns 04:28 Q-system * The index O: derived based on six parameters: 1) RQD (0-100) y 2) Joint set number, /,, (1-20), A / 3) Joint roughness number for critically oriented joint set, (1-4), 4) Joint alteration number for critically oriented joint set, (1-20), 5) Joint water reduction factor, /, (0.1-1.0), & 6) Stress reduction factor to consider in-situ stresses, SRF (1-20) os:s0 Q-classification formula hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 416 41623, 4.09 PM Astily |View Notes ee ee = =— Rock mass quality Q-system * Defined as o-( 102) ii * Numerical values of Q: ranges on a logarithmic scale from 0.001 to 1000+, covering the whole spectrum of rock mass from heavily jointed weak rock ‘mass to sound unjointed rack. * Higher Q > better rock mass quality Rock mass quality Q-system Sy, of * Defined as oe ROD cas Ud, J IUSRE 00 © * Numerators in quotients, ROD, J, & .J,: assigned values such that their higher values reflect better quality rock mass * Denominators in quotients, J,, ./, & SRF: assigned values such that their lower values reflect better quality rock mass hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 26 416123, 4:03 PM Astly | View Notes er Rock mass quality Q-system rap / ca Condition | RQD * Where RQD < 10%, minimum value can be estimated from /, (sum of A v 025 of 10 should be used to evaluate, Q —— a Poor 2550 ¢ Fair 50-75 * If rock cores are unavailable: ROD D Good 75.90 E Excellent | 90-100 frequencies of all joint sets/m in a pit of lmx1mx1m) take the value of RQD Directly 7 rrr Rock mass quality Q-system Condition In solmresek Numtiey Vg Massive, no or few joints 05-1.0 8 One joint set 2 c One joint set + random 3 D Two joint sets 4 E Two joint sets + random 6 F Three joint sets 9 G Three joint sets + random 2 4 Four or more joint sets, random, heavily | 15 jointed, “sugar cube," etc, 1 Crushed rock, earth-like 20 hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 36 41623, 4.09 PM Astily |View Notes ee Rock mass quality Q-system Joint set number, ./, * Represents number of joint sets, often affected by foliations, schistocity, sidty cleavages or beddings, & so forth * If strongly developed, these parallel discontinuities should be counted as a complete joint set * If there are few joints visible or only occasional breaks in rock core due to these features, then they should be counted as ‘a random joint set’ * Rating of /,, = square of number of joint sets Rock mass quality Q-system Joint roughness number, J, / * Measure of joint roughness: lie between 0.5 & 4 * Larger rating ~ greater shear strength * Rocks with discontinuous joints (low persistence): maximum value of 4 * Rocks with continuous slickensided planar joints: minimum value of 0.5, hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 46 416123, 4:03 PM Astly | View Notes Rock mass quality Q-system Joint roughness number, J, Ads 1.0 if the mean spacing of relevant joint Sets greater than 3m. J, = 05 can be used for planar, sickensidea joints having lineation, provided the lineations are favorably oriented Condition '3} Rock wall contact and 'b) Rock wall contact before 10 cm shear A | Discontinuous joint 40 8B | Rough or irregular, undulating 30 | Smooth, undulating 20 1D | Slicken sided, undulating 15 | Rough or eregular, planar 15 F | Smooth, planar 10 G | Slicken sided, planar os, ) No rock wall contact when sheared H_| Zone containing lay minerals thick enough to prevent rock wall contact | 10 1 Sandy, gravelly, or crushed zone thick enough to prevent rock wall contact | 1.0 Rock mass quality Q-system Joint alteration number, J, * Measure of degree of alteration of joint wall or infill material: quantified in terms of residual friction angle, hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 5116 41623, 4.09 PM Astily |View Notes ee a | Rock mass quality Q-system Joint alteration number, ./, ‘approx. condition aan ‘a) Rock wall contact (no mineral filing, only coating) ~~ Tightly healed, hard, non-softening, impermeable filing, e, quartz or a ——— epidote | B | Unaltered joint wale, surface staining only 35.354— [10 Slightly altered joint walls; non-softening mineral coatings, sandy © | particles, clay free disintegrated rock, ec. fee 2 a 1 | Sity or sandy clay coatings, smal clay fraction (non softening) 2025 (30 Softening or low retin clay mineral coatings, Le, kaolinite and mica; «| as@ chlorite, talc, gypsum, and graphite, etc, andsmall quantities of | aig | 4g swelling lays (discontinuous coatings, 1-2 mm or less in thickness) Rock mass quality Q-system Joint alteration number, ./, ‘@- approx. | Condition aa Je ‘b) Rock wall contact before 10.¢m shear (thin mineral fillings) F | Sandy particles clay-free disintegrated rock, et. 2530 [40 Strongly over-consolidated, non-softening clay mineral filings (continuous, <5 mm in thickness) Medium or low over-consolidation, softening, clay mineral filings (continuous, <5 mm in thickness) iris {8° ‘Swelling clay filings, i.€,, montmorillonite (continuous, <8 ram in . 1 | thickness); value of Ja depends on percent of swelling claysize ee |S particles, and access to water, ee | 1624 |60 hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 ane 41623, 4.09 PM Astily |View Notes aa Rock mass quality Q-system Joint alteration number, ./, F approx. Condition ieee) ee | I rock wal contact when sheared (ik mineral filiogs) EU, | zones or bands af daintegrated orershed rokandeey | -), [6.8.08 w_| (ee 6, Yor desrption of clay condton) 2 Zones or bands of sity or sandy clay, smal clay faction " : so (vonsftenng) | ©, | Tick coninuouszones or bands ofcloy Gee. HIfor | gag | 10,13,0r BR | description of clay condition) 13.20 Rock mass quality Q-system Joint water reduction factor, J,, Seejussicu * Measure of water press, which has an adverse effect on shear strength of joints: due to reduction in effective normal stress across joints. * Adding water may cause softening & possible wash-out in case of clay-filled joints * Value of J, should corresponds to future ground water condition where seepage erosion or leaching of chemicals can alter permeability of rock mass significantly hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 716 416123, 4:03 PM Astly | View Notes eT Rock mass quality Q-system Joint water reduction factor, J, * J,> ranges from 0.05 to 1.0: accounts for reduction in shear strength due to presence of water in rock mass * Dry excavation: J, = 1.0 * Excavation with exceptionally high inflow of water: J,, = 0.05 27:08 Fn Rock mass quality Q-system Joint water reduction factor, ] Approx. water press Condition Je | toma) ‘A. Dry excavation or minor inflow, ie, 5 it/min locally | <0.1 7 ig | Medium inflow or pressure, occasional outwash of joint 9.95, ome fillings Large inflow or high pressure in competent rock with © | unites joints Siseaaa [ez | Laree infiow or high pressure, considerable outwash of [95.5 oy joint filings | Exceptionally high inflow or water pressure at Blasting, |. 02 F | decaying wth time a 04 Exceptionally high inflow or water pressure continuing |. o1 F | without noticeable decay aa 0.05 29:18 hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 ane 41623, 4.09 PM Astily |View Notes I Rock mass quality Q-system Joint water reduction factor, * Cto F: crude estimates. Increase J, if drainage measures are installed * Special problems formed by ice formation are not considered * For a water-carrying tunnel excavated through a dry rock mass, select class B for./,, rating Rock mass quality Q-system Stress reduction factor, SRF * Total stress parameter: ranges from 1 to 400, with 1: most favorable (rock with unfilled joints) and 400: most unfavorable (rock burst) * Measure of: i) loosening press. during an excavation through shear zones, & clay- bearing rock masses; ii) rock stress, q, 0; in a competent rock mass (q.: UCS of rock material; : major principal stress before excavation); iii) squeezing or swelling pressures in incompetent rock masses hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 an 416123, 4:03 PM Astly | View Notes Rock mass quality Q-system Stress reduction factor, SRF Contons {o) Weakness zones intersecting excevation which may cause loosening of rock mass when tunel is excavated 7 Muitple occurences af weakness zones containing clay or chemealy disintegrated rock, very lose surrounding ak | 100 [any oth) 3 Sele weakrei anes containing cay or chemical anegrated rock (depth of excavation £50) 30 | Single weakres zones containing cy oF chemically esntegrated rock (depth of excavation >$0™m) 2s | Multiple shear zones in competent rock (cay ee, loose surrounding tock any depth) 78 E | Sigle-snear zones in competent rock (aye (Septh of excavation < 50) [so £ | Siie shear zones in competent rock (n-fee) (Sept of excavation > 50m) 25 {6 [ Loose, open ons, heavily joined or "sar cube” ec. (any dent) 50 Rock mass quality Q-system Stress reduction factor, SRF “conaitions [sar (0) Competent oc, rockstres problems ado_| ova. | SAF ld) SeF(new) [Cow tess, near sure, open int 3200 feoo1 [25 _|25 1 | tedium stress, favorable stres condition 200.10 [oo103 10 | 10 1 High tres, very pnt structure; sual favorable to ably, may Be ios fos0a (0530 osz0 ‘unfavorable to wal stably | Moderate sabbing alter >1 hour in massive rock 53 fososs [ss [550 1 | iabbng and rock burt after afew mines in massive rock 32 [oss10 918 [20-200 1 | Heavy rock bust (strae-burst and immesate dynamic deformatiensin <2 />1— 1520 ——| 200-400, massive rock hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 son 41623, 4.09 PM Astily |View Notes ee a Rock mass quality Q-system Stress reduction factor, SRF Conditions Sm {c) Squeein rk pest flow of Incompetent rok under te influence of igh rock pressures (© Mi Squecing ook pressure 15 $10 © [high ueering rock pressre 35 1070 (4) Sweling rock; chemical swelng oct depending on presence of water (© Mi seting rock pressre 5:10 | Heavy sweling rock pressure 1035 Sevsrongy taco wg esta tested) mban 0/08, rene gf007%4, eh x n> 30, eetamnengrech mr otertr dept» 3900 figh 810) Rsk compre sng on be ct om gone? "Pa he roman ep erin Un nak mas coarse Rock mass quality Q-system * Ratings of all 6 parameters be used to get of * > f [Block size (RQ/).J,), inter-block shear strength (/,../,), & active stress Uy SRF * First quotient: (KO) .J,): represents rock mass structure & is a measure of block size or size of wedge formed by presence of different joint sets hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 m6 41623, 4.09 PM Astily |View Notes ee Rock mass quality Q-system A * Second quotient: (/, .J,): represents roughness & frictional characteristics of Za 2 joint Walls or infilling materials v * tan-i(J, J,): fair approximation of residual friction angle <— Y a * Rough and unaltered joint sets: higher values of (J, J,) than the smooth slickensided joints with clay fillings 07:04 ane errr err ee eT Rock mass quality Q-system v * Third quotient: (SKF J,): empirical factor describing an “activé stress ¥ condition” * SRF: measure of i) loosening press. during an excavation through shear zones, & clay-bearing rocks; ii) rock stress in competent rocks; and iii) squeezing press. in plastic incompetent rocks, which can be regarded as total stress parameter * J: measure of water pressure, which has an adverse effect on shear strength of joints due to reduction in eff. normal stress. Adding water causes softening & possible outwash in clay-flled joints 118, hitps:faskifyvideoiview!youtube?_source=youtube_extension8, action=download_pdt&_id-achb0955-26'2-4417-9675-2a90ctded8c9 126 41623, 4.09 PM Astily |View Notes Rock mass quality Q-system v J * Use: recommended for turifels and cavérns with an archéd roof Classification of rock mass based on Quvaves (Singh & Goel, 2011) o Group | Classification —fo.001-001 Exceptionally poor (0010173 | Extremely poor oat Very poor _-<— 1a 2 [Poor 410 Fair 1040 Good ‘40-100 71 | Very good _<— 100-400 Extremely 600d “400-1900, Exceptionally good¢— va * Q: varies from Qin tO Qiox? AVEFABE Q OF (Qn * Qinay)”!? may be assumed in design calculations. 13:21 SS Rock mass quality Q-system Applications * Estimation of support pressure: Barton et al, (1974): ‘pe ultimate roof support press. (MPa); p,: ultimate wall support press. (MPa); Q,: wall [>10 [sop | [

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