CHEMISTRY CASA

2
O
Si 1522522

.
p63s3pDlllT
Si
ajSiC

-C
yC W i i i
i x i

.152s2p
XAP

2B
E
-hi-hG-
Ax

}
M

-mAozE
6,62.-1034
E 6,.62.10-34-3.31.10-27
-100g-O,Ikg
- So Y
6-30
s
0,1-500.109-
?
MAx +
0,4.500.109

ms
ms
X
-50010-am
Ax
AozY
.
;
6.621034
A Ax
a -
2
U 10-2
s
sx .9,11-1031.
Ax 2 1,66.10-28

YÁSBEqkèn
He
Be
BCNOFN
secsace

a -2
D
-lsZsZpBqBp
bjn
X W
x x
-3
x
CIMS
=112
OIn Ms ' al
-4MLO3...
=t
z
w
K Ce
-52-Caz+
+
4AM
Ca K
+aArcCl-cS2-
byc
+
@L1
CNOL
Il

dOQWlr
 0

R ' YNRY
Nonyo
BCNOFH o r

0
o

oo
n
o

.PndsMp.
DASED*E*:eRI
P
.@
e
N 15252 Pierdeestab
p
O 4I

0101
s

1
Na 15252 Poce E
lé
s D 1 1 Alcanza octeto necesaría
p3śBll
->
lé
Cl
15252 Ø W
p353ps
s fi iif
i i
i
110l
Cals lé
s W | I
2252pbBsBpoUåWll
Culåzs
2pzåŻpusBd
NacCacCucNcCl

b el primer e alcanza gran gracias el

estab a completar
)Trasperder
-(I.),
octeto alcanzar la
configuración de GN
(Neon)
y
c
Highest
)
1 He Wr
s2
->

lğZşąpbBgBpUsBd
-sTiW
l Rb
52s2JpGB5BpGMsBd0UpGSs'-s
lğZs
2pgBsBpkss
 /Mg=
Cl- 15252p353p Ca= 1s2252p353p
k 152252p353p 15252353

!Be He

L
Ene emsseenene
Mi Cäckt Cl

①E h h.q 6,63.10 34.3.108

-

=
=

=
4,58.10-
=

/- I
434.189
4,58.10 6.63.18-34. 3.188.1,097.105
E hcRa) ();
-

=
-
si

As the levels mustbe integers, we'll

19
try the values we obtain for of starting from"
4,58.18 ↑

: 0,24-t 2: 8,84--:1f=
-

-
=
=
-

25

nie
-

2,18.108 1f 5
=

E
han(fu); Bet 1,602. 18
=
= 2,082.1818
Per

2,082.18'*
.
*
1,897. 1073.108.6,62.10-34 -:
0,844
4ng;4.7 5
=
=

5frusib
1

I
=

3, 15.16; -Bigs:
9,52188:95.2nm
=
X
E h)
=
1 2,8828 =
=
=
 lunalsoosa
34
6,62.10
-

27
1,05.18
-

6,6210-3
Au 5,8.185
=

4H. 9,11.183!18

nization substract
enagy=Enecessaryto an er

Si seen
es e

3,4,...
=2

1,2,3,4... ⑧ 2
=>

IIII Spin = 1/2

0 P15252p353p
=

Hund'sRule

Less
stability

excited
excited

ground
exciled
 ~

AM 18p",

an sos9Ca
B 18e-
S2-16p, 18e
Ca2 K > Ar> Cl ga-
-

20p, e

Li Be B
Nils252p NecfNs8aMgsNa

agen an se Seenen Is252p

0:15252p"
F:152252p
Ne:
Na:152252p35' N As it'llhave noble
-

gas configuration
Mg:15252p35

Na
Cl

& Nils22522p
Na: 152252235 NacCacCucNCe
Cl: 15252p353p Na
Ca: ls2522p1353p45
Cu:1522s2p8353p4s2309

Clip18e
ce:Kt Cas
k 19p18e- Mg
Ca20p"18e
12p"10e
Mg
 Si: [Ne]3sp Eachneeds4 Si and each
Sineeds also YC.
C:(He]252p"4
si

sil
Tetrahedmal
si
Sp3
H
Si: [Ne]3sN
H:Is' H Tetrahedral sp3

:Set-p: :
O
Tetrahedralesp
: I Molec
geo: trigonal puramid

X,Frigonal bipyramical=> so

OctahedralS p
F- y - r =

*F

ese
Non
::-corpgeo: lineamoleculegeo: Cinea. .
. a
3
<(He)2s2p"
0 (He] 252p"
-.

keesom

garkeesom dipoledipolel
PClacl -

P-ceux
Niclz,I Nonpolartantotronceddipole inducedibolel
 HF, H20, NH3

H
...
- HLinean
=
H-H Linear ~

HH
↳:Ö Angular A.
Tetrahedral Sp3
Group geo-Sp3 Trigonal Dynamic

Bond polarityelectrionegativity FH HO NHy H-H CHa =

H-CEN:Lineal =>
Sp//CHOHe Groupgeois H
tetrahede
vameteDeDe
CHzCO =

EC" CH
S

CClu- Tetrahedmal = Sp

HCCl3- Tetrahedmal= Sp
Br

Br
=a B

I p'p2 pepps Pie

Be BC NO F Ne

Name Al SiPS COAr

**
↳sBa
Fr Ma
GasSeeeeee
&

I EN s0H
1 -
1 -

- -
H

i
3.1
A B 2KC103 2KCC 302 +

0,816n
0816 1,22n02
SL

-si -

PB n RT
1,22n02
1,22.0,082.293=5,86atm
188gk2ne,seg
=
=

Vi
0,816n
:

0,082.293K
PA Va=naRT Pr n T 0.2n. 52
= =
=
0,96atm
=

VA

Pr1RT 0.2.0082.293=0,48latm
3
③ PVnRt; =

100
Pr 2,93 0,481 3,4latm
=
+ =

Poz
!=1,22.0,082.293:2,93 en
=

at

⑬
Osmotic pressure:T RIM Molarity:Ilue
=

*
=
2.510"
0,25
=183n/l
298k

iboy
I 0,082. 103.298 0,024
2.510
= =

0,39 =

molality
Freezing point depression:AT Tf (0,3=
kfmsolute Ti -
-
=

2Seg18
=

solution m-
250m solution.
Ia=250g
1249,7- solvente

1Tf=1,86°Kg/n 10
kg 1,86.183°
=

⑭ MurHoluene)= 92,13
gin Mulbenzenel=789/n
Inmol 88cm 08g=2,60 =

1000ge 18884 10,87i() 0.2/10,87= 1,84.182;1Pt= ((tol.P, 8.0184.29,1mmHtg=

=
=
=

0.54To e

⑮
189
H, 446 Tor
0 652Torr
CHu202

025837
->
CO2 2H20

is 83z1)
+

Po=
RT 0,185.8,882.313:0,479
PcHy 1T 0,065.9082.313
=
=
0,167
=

0,3711)
10

PrPctn Pon
4 UnRT;n
086 atm. 1983.0,084 atmCHu182.283 =0,254n
0,59
5334 0,642 7,28.10-2-8,715at
=
=
+
+
+
=

=
8 A B C
PV=nRT
12 2,62 2,22

8,7gNa 1,3gAr
E
V=:gzg
=

355,02 =80,02k

D ? =

T373k;ni
0 5:0,862moles;PVnRT P 0,862.0,082.373_
=
= =
=
=
+

V 2,6
=
2,6

[P
0,025.
Pr 0,740
=

⑮
Benene1-323KP:03S7atmel Mie MAc
Mue Mwac
PrPisetPc=(le Pet((ac.P-nea PoseeenPas- .

Pict Pr=
=
Me MAC
+
Me MAC
+

MWBe MWac MWBe MWAc

As we aretald that there are equal parts by weight = Mie Mac==

=

·PetiDec te
A 58 461,41
Muse 271
1.603
=
+
·

1 X 1
1
38 78
Nube"Twee

PA y1.PT y1
=
=
=

5
=
t
34583 75%
=
=

⑱
Acetone 1618Torn=2,
Tolnene 290Torn=0,382
atm 12atw] TB 88°
=

AtPboiling=Pswr
P =)(ac. Pac + )Lio. Po )(Ac. Pac (1-)(Ac). Po
=
+

Y atm:)(ac. Pac+Pto-Peo.)lac 35,6% Acetone

P 0) ((xc 1
0,382 0.356
1 -P ((Ac.(Prc
-

to
=
-

+ =
= =

64,4% foluene
=

2,12-0,382
⑲
⑲9
0,804;8,0049 By = 1225.18

Pr Pro P =
=
+

igtof the volatile

.
3

G G
20 G
L
L

·
*
25%
Liq

H2OPure
Tb 1000
=
HNODee

⑬Il Cotizdo
Xgi disolved in 0,5
lof water (disolvent) Upressure of M48.9Torn at 333K
Ow=
-
Up= 149,38 Torn
009719/cm
=O
Mw= 12.6 +12N 16.6
180g/mo) piPw z )Cw. Put)(A. Paz
+
=

=
= + =

300.8948.498,55
0

-noDiPez=
1

Mu 498,55
MWn 18 27,7
CensM - =>

Y 15 + +
27,7

27,7
148,9
=> 27,7 149,8;0,9939
=
.
=
·
Maz 4986
1 27,7
+

180

8,9939. Maz 4986

+

27,7
=

180

5,52.103 M1z 27,5 27,7

+
=

02183
MAz =
⑬2
dissolved in H28 to prepare
0,59 0, 11
of solution
25° 298k H
1,35mmHg 1,78.18-3
=

IM.R.T;M nsolute
=
=

Usolution
Miem
1,78.183 mu
=

·0,082. 298
0,1
0,5.8,082.298
Mu=
1,78.10-3. 0,1
6,86109/
=

⑬ IT 298k
= 0,3
=8,024 atm
IM. R. T0,082 298.
1200
Mw=12009/1
=

0,251

B
EnlagogOnsgene

23gwater BliYgalcobf
e
1T=3,36" kg. 0,231l
75,26
0,776
31,4,Mw= en

2319.jobog
=

0,2341
=

AT 0,3 kB.
=
=
1
=
Mi 10-9m
=

MM 10-0m
=

E hr
h4
=

Hf
⑱ HCl
6,62.10-34
HB
HI

EI =
Z 10 Ne9e-
=

I
=

E 8 0=9e
H
=
=

1 Li Be BCNO.
He
Ne

hcRa)- j) oce Sere

E =

Visiblecobour =n
2;E h.c. R.
=
=

-tel
E h.1 20 E
h.c.Rn.( If)....nf-...
=
=

=
x
=

x -

6,it6210-343.188.1,097.185.1- f):ng
=

y
-

E 13er. 18810 farn

=X =

x =

ni 1

If integer
= =

is an =>
12
y
=

not ni z, and
If
= ...

E h1;1 622034 a;
=
=
=

E hr ;)
=
=

b
=

Ap. 1x ⑨ Do
mar.x X
500.10
1889
a

Do =
 kg+ Cl2+202 KC203g -
H

↓
Formation ofkCl and then formation KC103
kC203-kCl 202 H=-22,3 kT/n; +

= kCl+ 0 -
KC103 1H=22,3KJ

k C2 kCC DH=-436
KJ,nol
+ ->

AH = -
436 +

22,3 413,7
= -

Standar

a) CHs+502- 3C02 4He0 11:3.733,5) 4.

(-24,81-f 103,9 50.8 95,8ks,mol
+

-
+ +
--

b) 1230n Na
=984 C1T 29,12.13.984 372503,04
Qua
E
=
=
=

Q 466,36kJ
=

1234 p 246 02 =
Qoz nCAT 29,35. 13.246 93861,30
=
=
=

We need 466kJ and each combustion

gives 95,8k5 of heat, which
us means we'll have to repeatthe
process 466/95,8 4,8643
=

times. 486431.4491:214,039.

1 Hfus benzene=10,9k5/n ASi fus 5,9°

1rap benzene= 31kJin

Equilibrium 1G 0
=>
=
1G 1H-TAS 0
=
=

DSerap 80,1
TAS AH =

10,9.10
4H x3110-
15 =

5,5 273 +
39,145/nk
=

87,795/k
80,1 273
+
 gwaterTi =303K Watere Water 108 -
Vapor
I373k=

Catu +202-2He 0 +2 CO2

AH=2. (-393, 131 2. (-285,85) -52,3 =1410,26KJ,

+

SH30.100 (p1T 4,18.70

292,6k5,42548,
- =

k5/kg
=

16
1 Hrap= 40,6. = 2255KIg

PV=nRT;n
0,082273 44,67n 1H 44,67410,26)
=
1000 =
=
=
=

62997,4145
Available
=

-2997,44
-

24,72Kg
=

Needed
penkg 2548,16

-Hoomb (2001 =-68320ca+(175). (-9,78) 700315calin

=
 I
NaAc->Na+Ac 2

A+H20 AcH OH-

is-x
0,15M =>
= +
x
kb
- -

X
8,150,15 0,15
=

- n

0,15
-

0,15-x -
x X

0169,25
9,18.186
-

x = =

(Na] 0,15
=

(Ac) 0,15.9,1818 0,15 PH=4-pOH=14-11,6 2,4

=

=
=

M Um 1020,1 10NaOH
1;n
=
=

= =

NaOH+HCl-Na+Cl+H2O n Um 5.183.0,1
=
=
510HCl =

105104
- -

↓- 5104 HR
0,50,5
NaCltHe0 --NatCe
5.184NaOH-

Nand Ce-doesn'tionize= pHgiven by

NaPH-NO n
y 1! 3,33.10-2m
= =

NH H20 NHy OH
pH
+

7,9218018-48x
2

09--- 18
-
4 x2 ,
x
=

M 1;n 0,5.501032,510
(0,5 -x)
=
=

x
=

x
0,5 -x -

x 104847,9210
=
18-485,6210=
2 2

2,82.10 pOH 2,33; pH 11,45

-3
=
= =
=

New molarity CC- doesn't

suffer hydrolisis.
noss834e 4
HCl NH +
-> NH +Cl
8,1678,33
-

0167 0167 0167

NH NH +0H k, x.(0,167 x)-167x 10 4,8;

4,
pOH 4,8 pH 9,2
- =

10
-
+
= =

x
=
=

= =

0,187 8167 *
167
-

0,167 -x
0107xx
0,167 -x
 Ka/HCN) 4,6.18-8 =
CNNa
(N-+NaYNat doesn't sufferhydmolisis as it comes
from strungbase
a
NagH

0, Im
0, im
Well workwiththe CN-
-

8. im

CN-+H20 HCN +OH- =

0,1
-

* kw kakbikb
0,1 -
x X =
#
=

4800-2,17.185
=

kb =

:
=
x
17.10%0,1
-

1,643-10-3 pOH
=

-log 1,643183
= =
=

2,78

pH 14
=
-

pOH 11,22 =

b)Mn(OHz M 20H =
+

-25 = ks 45; =

4,00 5;s 2,26.185

=
=

(0H) 25=4,52.10-;
=

pOH=-log2s 4,34 =

pH 9,66 =

HCC +H20 Cl HO
log0,036 1,44 pOH=
+

->

pH = - = =
12,56

8,0360036
0,036
-
20H) 66=2,78.18-13
=

b)HNOztH2O E NO +H3Ot
18-335.0,036-18-45.x x
18335x:
=

0,036 -

X
X x 2183, 1,61.10 °
0
0,030
=

-x

x=
3,80.10-3 [H30 [0H) =
=
38."03 2,63.10-12
=

pH 2,42 pOH
=
=

11,58
=

10,051ltoce
CH3COOH CHC00+H30
=

0, 1M
0,1-x X

18.105
0,1 -
x

2,6.10 (+00
0,05x;1,810 0,05x;x
-

1,8.10% 1,8.18x
=

=>

=
[CH300H] 0,1-3,6.10 0,1;pH
=
=

-logl0,05+3,109) --log 0,0s=1,3

 ↑

NHuCe
0,
->
Cl+ NH Clcomes
from strong acid doesn'tsuffer
a

NHYsuffers hydrolisis
- -

0,0,1

NHuNH + HO
0,1
kw-kb. Ka= ka=
s: 5,56.100

0,1
15618 146158
-
x

0,1

=5,56.10"
4;x 7,48.10=pH 5,12
5,56.100
=
=
=

b) [NH] 0,1.100.10-3 0,05

=

200.18-3
=
He won't
suffer hydrolisis
190 Hu=NH3 738
↓
[H30] 7,46.18183
+

3,73.105
=

0,05 3,7310-8
249183
-

8,05x
x 3,73.18-8x
13,73.10x1
5,56.100 X.
0,05 -
X

3,72.10 = 5,43 pH
-

"-X0*x
=

2,7810 3,73.10 x x x -
-
-

=
+
=

ka(HAc)
NaAc-ActNa Nacomesfroma strong acid, so it won't
affectthe pH
A HO
HAC He0 =+
+

0,2
Y
=>

pH-logpka-log -log 1,8.10slog 82 4,74 =

0,2-x
b) pH 4,74
=
 Acio CH200H 0,5m; (pH 4,74 -log 8 4,74]
=
=

CH3C0ONa -> CH3 COONat

05 5 5
CH3C00H +H20 CHC00 +H38.
0.5 0.5
0,5
-

X
1,8.10: X= 1,81.185
0,5 -x
pH 4,74 =

b) CHC00 HCl-> CHC00H +Cl

4,74-log
+

0,0 4,50
0,5 0, 1 0,5 0,+
-

pH =

0,4
=

0 0,6 0,1
0,4

HCC 118,1M
NH 1l Satm 25° => PEnRT;n =82a8=0,2n 0,2m
=

NH +HCe ->
NH+Ce-
0,2m 0, m
-
-

0, m -
0 im 0,1m

↑Ha H20 = NH3 +H30 A,lx 475

pH 4,75
18-475 x 181x
-

x 10
+

=
=

8
X
01M
; 0,1 -x
⑧l

0,1 -x

COH]=5,665.10-10
[H30] 1,7718-; 1,0018.18-2
=

ka 1,8.18 5
HAC H20 Ac H30
-

=
+ = +

0,0S
0,05 -X I
-

X -x 181025;
=
x
1108003 9,49.18-2
= =

PH 3,02
=

[OHT: 64=
NaAC ->
NaAc- = A+ HzOE
HAs +
OH
105.18 10kakb; kb
1
0,05 0,05 4905.182 5,56.18-
, osos
=

0,05 -X 4,985.10x 1,03.18"+x

5,56.10-18 (4,905.10x/11,0510x);2,78.10 =5,15 103 4,905.10x

-

-
+

it
0,05 -X
2,73.10
"

Xix 5,56.100;pOH
-

9,25 pH 4,75
=
=

c) HN03 N05+H38
=
= =

-
4,905.10.2 sto:=
00m - 5,56.18-10 1,79105
(Ha0rs We canforget about (Ha0rc= pH=2
0,01
10,01) 1,8.10-5;a)[Honos
0,05 -X
pH logs, 10%
56 =

-log
 FeClz, fe,2 Clq NH3 H20 NH +OH-
+

0,003
-
0003m 000s

FelOHz=
y
fe 20H
=0-2.31.18-
+

ks [Fet. IOHT2;
=> =

(OHT- needed
0,003

We'll obtain this OH

from the NH3 =>
NH3+HaOE NHu+OH-
X

X-2,3110-4 2,31102,31118-4
12,31.10 -4 2,31.10-
kb=RYoui1,8.10x=1231.10-42,31. 10% 1,8105
1,8.10 =
X = 3,218-3
1,8.10-5

AgCeks 0,025;s
=

1,6
=

8189
=

Ag =Agt Bri ks 0,025

70 =3,8518"Solub Precipitatesfirst
+

=> =
s =

50,02

b) 3,8518 M [AgNO3] 810-

-

<

Yes,
c) as its
solubility is
very different. If
add
we there will be
AgNOs a pointwhere
continue to be in the solution.
the Agr precipitates butthe
Agce will

Buffer solution:pH= 5,5 =>

pOH=8.5;(OH) 18-8,5 =

CulOHz Cu2" 20H

+

318
8
1,610
9
118-8,5
-

S 1,6.102
=
 CaCOy-(a+CO2kps 5;s 189=5,87.18 =
=

b) [mg) 0,02mS
=

(0) 0,035m Mg(zOn -Mg2+(Un=

kps 52;s 105:9,2218
=

Eng I
0,0092
es precipitates=>

15gCHOOH. In
0,25;M
=

0 0,5M
=

60g
CHCOOH H20 =
CH3COOtHOt
+

0,5
18108x:1,8.1080.5 x =

0,5 -x X X x y 0,003
=
=

(pH log 0,003 2,52]

-
=
=

pH 5 (Ha0 +) +(H30 * 18 3; (H30+)Na

5
-0,003 -0,003 (H) 0,003
-

18
= -

+ = -
=
=

=
=

Natc -
Na+Acs Ac+H20 HAc 0H- =
+

x -

8,003 0,8030,003

85,56.10 5,56.1080,0032
X -0,003

0,0032 5,56100,003
+

x;x 10187m
= =

5,56.10-10
M
1; n m.V 16187.0,5
=
=

8093;q
=

=
 kC103 KCC 302 -
+
H=-22,3 kmol =

1H=1Hace+H2-Haceo =+ 22,3 1Hrcl +436K5/mal;Hacl=-413,7

=

SHC02) -33.5
=
CHsg+eg 3COng- UHeOg
1
Hg(H201 24,8
--

3. (33,5)
+
4.1-24,81 183,9 + =
-
95,8 K5/mol
AHf((3Hs) 103,9
- -

2246182Q n(15 246.29,35.13372583)Queeded

b)1230n Ain /984N2 =
Q=nC1T=984.29,12.13 =

466364.14665
=
=

93861 =

Constant pressure 4695,8 4,86nM49

=> =

214,039
=

SHg=10,9K5, mol Tf= 5,5° 278,5KH-TS

=
AH T1S;1S810.9.183=39,14k5/molk
=

278,5
1Hr=31KJ,mol Tr=80, 1:353,1k
/Su 31.182 87,79k5/molk
1r
=
=

353, 1

Olof Ct en
↳O I Pl=nRT n
=
1.1000
=

0,082. 273
44,67nCatu
=

Catu +302-2CO2 +2HeO

32,30 39313- 285,854 1H 2.1 285,85) 2.7393,13) -52,3 =-1410,20 k5/mol
-
=

=
-
+

QAH.n -1410,26.44,6762996,31kJ
=
= =

&"T= 4,18kg70=292Kgi 10084-2255,56KTI

486Kg. lkg
&r
Q= 292,6
2255,565/kg 2548,165/kg =
= +

62996,31k5 =

24,72kg
2548,16
Kg
 *om(Hz/200° = 1Hreast (Tz) &Hm IT.l+ /Tc-TilACp
=

1ocom IHelz5°=-68320
cal
1Hap/He01,00:
9720 cale

g VI251;Q mCAT 0,25kg.4,18278,6K 291,14K5

- >
0,85
=

=
= =

0,25kg
5,6 273 278,6
+
=

2Ag Clz- 2AgCl

+ H 291, 14 2 AHage-2
=
=

ig-Afte? Hage 2M=145,57K =

68,32-2.94,03-1H((zHz)
*Hol--68,32 Kallmal C2Hzt202->
2C02 + H20
4 310,61 -
- =

9483- 68,32
(H(2Hz) 68,32-188,06 310,61
-

Kallmol :- - +

AHICO21--94,03
=

1H(Cet=54,23

↓NeHz -> NH3 1 treac= DHNHa=-11,04=-11048callmol

1 Seas=46,01- I. 45,767 -
31,211
=-23,69callmolk 1G AH-TAS

--11040
=

calmol +
=

298. 1+23,691 =

=-
3980,38

b) 1S 1S Chf=-23,69 12 en 8:-27,56cal/nk
=
+ +

↳ 1C 6,19
-626,94.3 7,48
=

=
-
 Al203 32
+ 2 Al 3C0+
T1273k
=

AH1340K5 16DH T1S:1340000-1273.586:5940225

:

1589865/ 1G=594KJ
far2 moles= 16:1mole= 297K5
0,95.88 24,35/ 0.24,35.635=15430,55/
E
=

nC Q=26130,55/n =

&m 10700 =
= 3
=26,13K5/n
C) formation 297kJ

Recycling 4
26,13k5% 29726,13. = 100: 91,2%

I
0,062n H2 Ha Iz 2HI
+ =

T673k kc 0,0752
088x2x 0,076;
=

60,17
0,042n Iz
=
=

=>
x 0,038
0,024.0,004
= =

0024 0,004
kp kc/RT kc. (RT2 k
60,27
=
= =

b) 1G: RT lnkc= 8,314.673. In 60,17=-229255/mol=-22,93 KI/mol

- -

Il
Nay 2N02
0,8724n N204 0,0724 PEnRT;D nRT 0,082.00724.388:1,83atm
-

T308k
=
0,0724-x 2x

Df 2,178atm
=

0,0136

I
0,0724 -x 2x;x
=
+

2,178.1 0,086
=

PV=nRT;n 0,086
1RT0,8588.0082.308
= =

P 149atm
=

8,082.308 0,0724-0,0136 0,0588

=
=
=
-

leq =

kc 125
= 1,26.10-2;k KRT K. R.=0,318
=
=
 0. In SbCCs Ell T 455K
=

Sb(ls SbCls+Cl2 kc
88 1,94.18 3
-

= =

0,1 kp kc.(RT 1,94.10 3.0,082. 455 7,24.10-2

= -

0013 0013
=

0,1-x0087 =
=

x
=>

0,013
=

kc=8,395 NHyEN2 He +

2,65N3. y
0,156
=

0,156M
Ex
-

0,156 -x *

k (x)"(x)* (Ex)"(x)
=
0,002 =

0,156 -
x

x"2. x
4
0,062
(2)
=

2 0,11
N =

x
2
0,062
= 0,84773
=

H2 0,33 x 0,22
=

2699.202280,013
PCls T-523K P=latm

CHCOOH +CzHsOH CHCOOCHzCH H20 = +

3 2n
(4 3 12 x)"
n X
-

y =
2"
3 2 x
=

x X
x
6-3x 2x x
-
-

+
- - -

x 20
= 242
+

20
858
+
/103 24-20x 4x2x2 +

1,57
=

6
3x220x 24 0 + =

CHCOOH +CzHsOH CHCOOCHzCH H20 = +

2,5 2,38
2,38 4
2558x)" as.2,5x58x 4
X
2,5 -
x
-
x X
=

4,88
163.889 1439 23,8-19,52x 4x +
=
x
=

3x2-19,52x 23,80 + =
X 1,63
 F

=
CO2 Hz + = C0 H20
+

k 2,9 =
kp k2,9
= =

&

0,37 0,37 803 863

1 G:HETAS
1Ç RThkc= 8,314.1573K
-
-
C 2,9-13924,5--13,92K5
cal 3,33kcal
-

b) Gis=-3,33 keal/n
16298--31,8-54,9194,7-- 8kcalin

1H-29815 8
1GasH:TAS H:298158
=

1GH-TAS H-157315
-
=

3,33 - H 157315 3,33

+
=

12751S=11,33
AS8,8862.10 kcal=
8,89 calle
↓
1H°8000 298. +
8,89=10,65kcalin