DISASTERS
Institutional Philosophy and Objectives
Institutional Vision (IV)In a Culture of Conscience, Discipline, and
Excellence, we envision Letran Calamba as a University, a center of Science
and Technology, as well as a vital formation center in the religious and socio-
economic development of the region.
Institutional Quality Policy (IQP)To realize the institutional vision and fulfill
the mission of Letran Calamba, the Colegio commits itself to deliver
consistently quality education to its students and quality service to its
stakeholders through a relevant outcomes-based instruction, sustained
research and community extension culture, and continually improved quality
management systems.
Institutional Core ValuesBased on the Supreme Ideals of Deus, Patria,
Letran, the Colegio embraces the following core values: Delivering
results;Espousing a sense of community Valuing and respecting others;Being
adaptable and agile; Executing a visionary leadership;Promoting customer-
driven excellence;Doing what is right;Observing continuous improvement;
andMaintaining a deep affection for life.
DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION
Institutional Mission (IM)We, the Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Calamba, a Catholic educational institution, commit ourselves to the total
human development, and better quality of life of our students, faculty, and
employees, and the promotion of a genuine community through an
education that is Filipino, Dominican, and Christian in orientation.
Institutional Quality ObjectivesTo develop qualified and productive
professionals who can effectively contribute to the growth of the nationTo
maintain and continually strive for a corps of competent administrators,
faculty, employees, and alumni who shall endeavor to fulfill the Colegio’s
mission and visionTo promote solidarity with the larger community
through programs responsive to its needsTo provide a wholesome and
conducive educational environment for the Letran community
Graduate AttributesGlocally competent leaderCritical
ThinkerTechnically Skilled and innovative worker Lifelong learnerEthical
and responsible citizenSensible communicatorReflective steward of God's
creation
 Departmental Philosophies and Objectives
Departmental Vision (DV) The Senior High School Department envisions
itself to be the center of holistic formation in the region that responds to the
needs of the society, through an education, Dominican and Christian in
Orientation.
Program and Course/Subject-based Philosophy and Objectives
Program Educational Objectives (PEO) Three or more years after
graduation from the Basic Education High School, the program seeks to
prepare the graduates to achieve the following educational objectives:
•Manifest leadership in their chosen profession and in other activities
•Be skilled in both oral and written communications
•Work out practical solutions in dealing with ordinary problems
•Show involvement in community and/or professional organizations
•Engage in prayerful, reflective and lifelong learning
DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION
Departmental Mission (DM) The Senior High School Department is
committed to the formation of students who are equipped for employment,
entrepreneurship, or higher education. The Department strives to produce
graduates who are academically competent and socially responsible.
Program Outcomes (PO) At the end of the four year program, graduates
of the Basic Education High School have the following proficiencies to
apply the varied communication, performance in culture and arts, sports,
entrepreneurial and leadership skills to be able to respond to the needs of
higher education namely:
•Manifest proficiency in written and oral communication and fundamental
computations
•Exhibit knowledge in current practices, issues and trends in the
community
•Keep abreast of contemporary issues that will serve as a basis of
research for the benefit of the society
•Use learning techniques, methods and tools to solve everyday problems
•Communicate effectively through written and oral reports and graphical
presentations•Apply entrepreneurial skills
•Work effectively in multi-disciplinary teams•Manifest positive Filipino,
Dominican and Christian values in thoughts, words and deeds

PROGRAM OUTCOMES
Work effectively in multi-disciplinary
teams
Exhibit knowledge in current
practices, issues and trends in the
community
Communicate effectively through
written and oral reports and
graphical presentations
Use learning techniques, methods
and tools to solve everyday
problems
Keep abreast of contemporary
issues that will serve as a basis of
research for the benefit of the
society
Manifest positive Filipino, Dominican
and Christian values in thoughts,
words and deeds
Graduate Attributes
GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES
A globally competent leader
A critical thinker
A technically skilled and
innovative worker
A lifelong learner
An ethical and responsible
citizen
A reflective steward of
God’s creation
DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION
IILO
Develop leadership in one’s
field of study
Adopt a multi-level view of
the world
Articulate arguments
effectively and exhibit skills
in solving real-life problems
Engage in research and
continuous learning
Act prudently on matters
affecting one’s life
Show Dominican values in
caring for the earth
CILO*After completing this course, students must be
able to:
CILO 1 – Present a scientific problem or question
based on their interest.
CILO 2 – Analyze the difference between basic and
applied research problems.
CILO 3 – Present and discuss selection criteria for
studies relevant to a chosen scientific problem.
CILO 4 – Formulate possible outcomes of the
investigation.
CILO 5 – Design a strategy or sequence of steps that
will address the scientific questions at hand.
CILO 6 – Design a methodology that will answer the
scientific questions through data collection,
interpretation of results, drawing conclusions, and
presenting recommendations.
MODULE # 1
Course Code: DISRED
Course Title: DISASTER READINES AND RISK REDUCTION
Course Description: This course focuses on the application of scientific knowledge and the solution of
practical problems in a physical environment. It is designed to bridge the gap
between theoretical science and daily living.
Course Unit: 1
Content Standard: The learners demonstrate understanding of the Concept of disaster and
Concept of disaster risk.
Performance Standard: The learners relate the concept of disaster with daily life.

DepEd Most Essential Learning Competencies: 1. Explain the meaning of disaster;

2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters;
3. Describe the effects of disasters on one’s life

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

Entry Level Assessment/ Entry Level Activity

Choose one picture below and explain why it should be

considered as a disaster.

Taal Volcanic Eruption Fire at residential area of Tondo, Manila

January 12, 2020 April 18, 2020

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

Introduction

CONCEPT AND NATURE OF DISASTER

The Philippines is an archipelago located in
Southeast Asia and composed of 7,641 islands and
surrounded by vast bodies of water – Philippine Sea
on the East, West Philippine Sea on the West, Luzon
Strait on the North, and Celebes Sea on the South.
On an average, the Philippines is visited by twenty
typhoons per year, mostly coming from the nearby
Pacific Ocean (NAMRIA, 2017). The archipelago sits
within the Pacific Ring of Fire where tectonic
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions take place.
There are 24 active and potentially active volcanoes
all over the archipelago (PHIVOLCS, 2018).
Philippines is indeed beautiful but realities about its
geography should not make us too comfortable and
just ignore the dangers that surround us.

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

Disaster
• “Disastre” Old French
• “Disastro” Old Italian
• A combination of a negative prefix “Dis” and “Astrum” meaning
star (Bad Star) - Latin
• Misfortunes of life is brought about by unfavorable position of stars in
heaven

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

Disaster
“Serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread human, material, economic, or
environmental losses and impacts, which exceed the ability of
affected community or society to cope using its own resources.”
– Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

 Elements of Disaster
➢ Hazard – It refers to the ➢ Vulnerability – People and
natural or human made communities are vulnerable if
harmful and threatening event they are weak in terms of
that can cause death and anticipation, coping, and resisting
destruction. the impact of hazard and protect
their life, property, and keep their
➢ Exposure – Anything that is in normal way of living.
contact to the impact of a ➢ Capacity – It refers to the
hazard is called exposure. knowledge and skills of people to
Direct or indirect exposure of resist the effects of hazard and
people and properties to strengthen resilience against
hazards can cause minor to hazardous events.
severe damages.
DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION
 Classification of Hazardous Events
➢ Natural – refers to environmental events that happen without human
intervention.
a. Geologic – it is related to ground and land formations such as volcanic
activities, earthquakes, and landslides.
b. Hydrometeorological – it is related to water, wind, temperature,
precipitation, and other climate systems such as typhoons, floods, and
drought.
c. Astronomical – it is related to the contact of heavenly bodies on earth
such as meteor showers, fall of an asteroid, and solar storm.
d. Biological – It is related to biological hazards or biohazards caused by a
widespread disease or epidemic on humans and animals, and
agricultural pests.
DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION
 Classification of Hazardous Events
➢ Human-made – refers to the prevalence of a disaster due to deliberate
or non-deliberate act of people.

a. Deliberate act – refers to the willingness of people to inflict harm and

destruction, neglect of duties and responsibilities, and malpractice.

b. Non-deliberate act – refers to hazardous events caused by a

technological or mechanical failure and malfunction

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

Deliberate Human-made Disasters Non-deliberate Human-made Disasters

Armed Conflict Fire

(insurgency, rebellion, and coup d’ etat)
Spontaneous Combustion
Terrorism
Mechanical Failure
Hostage-taking
Technological Malfunction
Bombing
Structural Collapse
Chemical Attack
Human-induced Landslide
Arson
Chemical and Gas Leak
Collision
Oil Spill
Structural Demolition
Biological hazard breach such as
Computer System Security Hacking outbreak of pathogenic disease

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

 Risks Factors Underlying Disasters
➢Poverty – Poverty is being measured by the government using the Philippine
Poverty Threshold (PPT). In economics, families whose income is below the
PPT are considered poor. Economic poverty is manifested in the lack of the
ability of a family to provide for their basic necessities such as food, clothing
and shelter.

➢Inequality – Inequality is the biased or unjust treatment to a certain group of

people or sectors in a society. Inequality leads to discriminatory actions that
put a certain group or sectors at risk.

➢Climate Change – Climate change is a product of global warming in which

trapped greenhouse gasses from excessive carbon emission brought by
industrial development affected the climate systems of the world.
DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION
 Risks Factors Underlying Disasters
➢ Unplanned and Rapid Urbanization – Urbanization happens when there
is an increased industrialization and congestion due to high population.

➢ Demographic Change – Demography refers to human characteristics.

People who are indigenous in a particular community know the place
very well.

➢ Non Disaster Risk-informed Policies – Rules, regulations, and standards

issued by the government as a form of law should consider disasters and
disaster risks prior to implementation.

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

 Risks Factors Underlying Disasters
➢ Lack of Regulations for Private Disaster Risk Reduction Investment –
Without government regulations, private sectors will invest only to
disaster risk reduction on the basis of initiative. Disaster risk reduction
investment includes relevant training and drills for capability building of
personnel, necessary equipment and facilities.

➢ Limited Availability of Technology – Disaster risk reduction technology

refers to tools, equipment, and machinery used for prevention,
mitigation, and adaptation to disasters.

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

 Risks Factors Underlying Disasters
➢ Declining Ecosystems – Ecological balance is important to maintain a
healthy ecosystem. Decline in the ecosystem is characterized by
ecological imbalance or total destruction as caused by natural or
human-made disasters.

➢Pandemics and epidemics –Pandemic and epidemic are medical terms for
the widespread of diseases when a large number of population in a
community has been contracted by a disease caused by viruses, bacteria,
fungi and other parasitic microorganism, epidemic is raised.

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

SUMMARY
• The etymology of disaster is dis astro which is a combination of two words
meaning wrong or abnormal star, an astronomical body. Thus, disastro
means abnormal formation of stars (Harper, 2020).

• Disaster risk is the potential disaster, losses in lives, health status, livelihood,
assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a
society over some specified future time period (UNISDR, 2009).

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

 FLEX-TIME
Post Level Test/Assessment

• Kindly answer the online quiz that will be uploaded to our LMS. The quiz will
cover the whole module.
• The test will be available starting our next asynchronous schedule and will be
open for five (5) days. Those who fail to answer within the given time frame will
be given a make up quiz to be schedule by your teacher.

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

References:
• Isla, L., et al. (2021). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.
Kleafs Publishing. Blk, 609. Lot1, Phase 6, Heritage homes, Loma
de Gato, Marilao, Bulacan

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION

Virtual Decorum
1.Be mindful that you are still in a classroom
2.Wear proper uniform/decent outfit
3.Attend every class regularly and punctually
4.In case of connectivity problems, inform the concerned faculty member
5.Remember that your password is the only thing protecting you from pranks
or more serious harm.
6.The effectiveness of learning always depends on the interest of learners.
7.Be kind and professional.
8.Think before you click.
9.Be mindful of your submittals/requirements.
10. Avoid cheating and plagiarism

History of the Earth