Social

structure and
stratification
Arnur Zhenisbekuly
Nurkhat Duzelbaev
Rauan Kumarbekov
Temirlan Mussulmanov
 SLAVERY
Slavery is a system of social
relations in which a person is
allowed to be owned by
another person or the state.
 THE HISTORY OF
SLAVERY
Slavery was already institutionalized by the

time the first civilizations emerged (such as Sumer

in Mesopotamia, which dates back as far as 3500

BC). Slavery features in the Mesopotamian Code of

Hammurabi (c. 1750 BC), which refers to it as an

established institution. Slavery was widespread in

the ancient world in Europe, Asia, Middle East, and

Africa. .
ECONOMIC NATURE
There was a need for a labor force equated to a
tool, that is, without the presence of rights.

POLITIC NATURE
The political reason for slavery is the existence of
absolute power. When the state arose, the most
common type of its structure was the monarchy.
Such domination requires strict subordination,
Causes of
slavery
therefore, the cultivation of slavish obedience is
beneficial to it.

THE SPIRITIAL NATURE

The spiritual causes of slavery lie in the worldview
of people. In ancient times, even philosophers
perceived the existence of slavery as a natural
state of things and considered it an expression of
justice.
CASTE
A caste is a social hierarchy found in many

traditional societies, particularly in India. Caste

systems are characterized by a strict social

stratification, where people are grouped into

different classes or castes based on their birth,

occupation, and sometimes religious beliefs. These

castes are usually inherited and are considered to

be fixed, with little or no mobility between them.

APARTHEID

1. white (English and Dutch heritage);

2. Indian (from India);

3. “colored” (mixed race);

4. black. A rigid former policy of segregating and

economically and politically oppressing the
nonwhite population.
SOCIAL CLASS

A system of stratification
based on access to resources

such as wealth, property, power,

and prestige

Class systems are fluid

Class is economically based

Class positions are in some part achieved.

Class systems are large-scale and impersonal

 MAX
WEBER:
CLASS, STATUS AND POWER

Class

Status Social
class

Power
 SOCIAL

STRATIFICATION

A hierarchy of relative privilige

based on a
power,income,wealth, and
prestige
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
Social structures refer to the patterns of relationships and
the organization of society that shape the behavior of
individuals and groups. These structures include institutions
such as the family, education, religion, economy, and
government, as well as less formal structures such as social
networks and communities.
Family
The family is the most basic institution of society and plays a
crucial role in the socialization of children and the maintenance
of social order.

Economy
The economy is the system by which a society produces,
Basic social

distributes, and consumes goods and services. It plays a vital

role in shaping social relations and determining social inequality institutions

Religion
Religion is a central institution in many societies, providing a include:
shared system of beliefs, values, and practices that shape social
behavior and inform social attitudes.

Education

Education is an institution that plays a key role in the socialization

of children and the transmission of culture and knowledge. It also
plays a critical role in shaping social mobility and determining the
distribution of opportunities.