The developmental Theories and other relevant theories

 1. Sigmund Freud
Born May 6, 1856, Freiberg Moravia, Austrian Empire- died September 23, 1939, London,
England), Austrian neurologist and Founder of psychoanalysis.
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalysis is a kind of talk therapy that aims to release pent-up or repressed emotions and
memories in or lead the client to catharsis, or healing. In other words, the goal of psychoanalysis
is to bring what exists at the unconscious or subconscious level up to consciousness.
Like talking to your psychiatry doctor.

 2. Freud’s Model of the Mind

a) Conscious- This is where our current thoughts, feelings, and focus live; out of your
awareness at all times.
b) Preconscious- (sometimes called the subconscious): This is the home of everything we
can recall or retrieve from our memory; all information that you are not currently aware
but that can be recalled.
c) Unconscious- At the deepest level of our minds resides a repository of the processes
that drive our behavior, including primitive and instinctual desires, it is your current
state of awareness.
 3. The 3 Metaphorical parts of mind:

a) Id- It is the first to develop, is the biological component of the personality and include
your instincts that operates in our unconscious mind it is like the little devil sitting on
that cartoon character shoulder that’s always selfish and needy. It operates according to
the pleasure principle- It is the idea that all of your needs should be met immediately.
 Unconscious level only
 Instinct to survive (eros)
 Instinct to destroy (thanatos)

b) Ego- The ego operates in your preconscious in conscious mind the ego is part of the
personality that make sure to sit. It is cartoon character or the main character. Ex.
The ego is in the middle makes the decision and faces the consequences. The ego
operates according to the reality principle- It is the idea that desires of ID must be
satisfied in a method that is both socially appropriate and realistic.
 Develops in Infancy
 Keeps check on Id.

c) Superego- Exists in all three levels of consciousness the superego is like the little angel it
is always concerned with what is socially acceptable the super-ego pushes you to obtain
the ego ideal or your view of what is right. It’s also represents your conscience or your
view. What is considered to be wrong.
  Where morality resides
 Encourages social responsibility

 4. Defense Mechanisms

a. Repression- The ego pushes disturbing or threatening thoughts out of one’s

consciousness;

b. Denial- The ego blocks upsetting or overwhelming experiences from awareness, causing
the individual to refuse to acknowledge or believed or believe what is happening;

c. Projection- the ego attempts to solve discomfort by attributing the individual’s

unacceptable thoughts, feelings and motives to another person;

d. Displacement- The individual satisfies an impulse by acting on a substitute object or

person in a socially unacceptable way(e.g., releasing frustration directed toward your
boss on your spouse instead);

e. Regression- As a defense mechanism, the individual moves backward in development in

order to cope with stress (e.g., an overwhelmed adult like a child);

f. Sublimation- Similar to displacement, this defense mechanism involves satisfying an

impulse by acting on a substitute but socially acceptable way (e.g., channeling energy
into work or a constructive hobby).

 5. The 5 Psychosexual Stages of Development

Sigmund Freud proposed that children develop in 5 distinct stages, each focused on a different
source of pleasure:

a. First Stage: Oral- the child seeks pleasure from the mouth (e.g., suckling )
Oral stage: Birth to 1 year old
Erogenous Zone: Mouth

b. Second Stage: Anal- the child seeks pleasure from the anus (e.g., withholding and
expelling feces.);
Anal Stage: 1 to 3 year old
Erogenous Zone: Bowel and Bladder Control

c. Third Stage: Phallic- The child seeks pleasure from the penis or clitoris (e.g.,
masturbation)
Phallic Stage: 3 to 6years old
Erogenous Zone: Genitals
d. Fourth Stage: Latent- The child has little or no sexual motivation;
Latent Stage: 6 to puberty
Erogenous Zone: Libido Inactive

e. Fifth Stage: Genital- The child seeks pleasure from the penis or vagina (e.g., sexual
intercourse)
Genital Stage: Puberty to Death
Erogenous Zone: Maturing Sexual Interests.