Noun :

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea, or concept.

Some examples of nouns:
1. Person: John, Mary, teacher, doctor, sister
2. Place: house, city, park, beach, country
3. Thing: book, car, computer, phone, table
4. Idea or concept: love, freedom, justice, happiness, courage
Nouns can be singular (referring to one person, place, thing, idea) or plural (referring to more than one), and can also be common
(referring to a general thing or person) or proper (referring to a specific thing or person by name).
For example:
Singular common noun: dog
Plural common noun: dogs
Singular proper noun: Paris
Plural proper noun: The United State
Nouns are important parts of speech in language, and they are often used as the subject or object of a sentence, or as the object of a
preposition.

Types Nouns:

1. Proper Nouns: Specific names of people, places, things, or concepts. Always capitalized.
Examples: John, London, Eiffel Tower, Toyota, Christmas.
2. Common Nouns: General names of people, places, things, or concepts. Not capitalized unless at the beginning of a sentence.
Examples: boy, city, table, car, love.
3. Concrete Nouns: Physical, tangible things that can be perceived by the senses.
Examples: chair, apple, dog, beach, car.
4. Abstract Nouns: Intangible things that cannot be perceived by the senses.
Examples: love, freedom, justice, democracy, courage.
5. Countable Nouns: Nouns that can be counted, so they have both singular and plural forms.
Examples: book (singular), books (plural); cat (singular), cats (plural).
6. Non-countable Nouns: Nouns that cannot be counted, so they only have a singular form.
Examples: water, rice, music, furniture.
7. Collective Nouns: Nouns that refer to groups of people, animals, or things.
Examples: team, family, flock, herd, audience.
8. Compound Nouns: Nouns made up of two or more words.
Examples: toothbrush, fireman, high school, swimming pool.
9. Possessive Nouns: Nouns that show ownership or possession.
Examples: Sarah's book, the cat's tail, the company's profits.
10. Gerunds: Nouns that are formed by adding "ing" to a verb. They function as the subject or object of a sentence.
Examples: Running is good exercise. I enjoy singing in the choir.
11. Verbal Nouns: Nouns that are formed from verbs, but do not end in "ing".
Examples: swimming (from swim), running (from run).
12. Abstract Collective Nouns: Nouns that refer to a group of intangible things.
Examples: a collection of thoughts, a series of events, a bundle of nerves.
13. Material Nouns: Nouns that refer to materials or substances.
Examples: water, iron, gold, oxygen, plastic.
14. Proper Adjective Nouns: Nouns that are used as adjectives to describe a specific proper noun.
Examples: Boston cream pie, Shakespearean tragedy, Ford Mustang car.

Pronoun:
Pronoun is a word that is used to replace a noun in a sentence. It helps to avoid repetition and makes sentences easier to read
and understand.

Some examples of pronouns:

 He went to the store. (The pronoun "he" is used to replace a male noun.)
 They are playing outside. (The pronoun "they" is used to replace a group of people or objects.)
 It is raining outside. (The pronoun "it" is used to replace a thing or an idea.)
 I gave her the book. (The pronoun "her" is used to replace a female person.)
 Types of Pronoun:

1. Personal pronouns: These pronouns refer to specific people or things. There are two types of personal pronouns:
a) Subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Example: She is a good friend of mine.
b) Object pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Example: He gave the book to me.
2. Possessive pronouns: These pronouns show ownership or possession of something.
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
Example: The book is mine.
3. Reflexive pronouns: These pronouns are used when the subject and object are the same.
Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Example: I hurt myself while playing.
4. Intensive pronouns: These pronouns emphasize or intensify a noun or pronoun.
Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Example: I myself finished the project.
5. Demonstrative pronouns: These pronouns point to a specific noun.
This, that, these, those
Example: That is a nice dress.
6. Interrogative pronouns: These pronouns are used in questions.
Who, whom, whose, what, which
Example: Who is your favorite singer?
7. Relative pronouns: These pronouns connect clauses or phrases.
Who, whom, whose, that, which
Example: The man who came to my house is my uncle.
8. Indefinite pronouns: These pronouns refer to non specific or unknown people or things.
Anyone, someone, everyone, nobody, everything, something, nothing, all, both, few, several, many, any, some, none
Example: Someone left their jacket here.
9. Reciprocal pronouns: These pronouns are used when two or more people or things are doing something to each other.
Each other, one another
Example: They love each other.

Adjective:
An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. It gives more information about the noun or pronoun,
such as its size, color, shape, or appearance.
Here's an example:
The blue sky: In this sentence, "blue" is the adjective, which describes the noun "sky.
Here are a few more examples of adjectives:
The tall tree: "Tall" is the adjective, which describes the noun "tree."
She wore a beautiful dress: "Beautiful" is the adjective, which describes the noun "dress."
The old man walked slowly: "Old" and "slowly" are the adjectives, which describe the noun "man" and the verb "walked," respectively.
The fluffy kitten played with a shiny toy: "Fluffy" and "shiny" are the adjectives, which describe the nouns "kitten" and "toy," respectively.