COMPENDIUM OF NOTES IN TLE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

(COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING)
First Quarter
(Week 2)
(EXPLORATORY – GRADE 7)

Prepared by:
RAYMOND G. PUNO
Teacher I

Noted by: Approved by:

NELIA P. ABAYA, Ed.D. ANGEL M. VILLAMIN, Ed.D.
Head Teacher VI, TLE Principal III
COMPENDIUM OF NOTES IN TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
(EXPLORATORY – GRADE 7)
LESSON 2. PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS
Week 2 LO 1. Select Hardware and Software

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data.

It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know
that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and
browse the Web.

Different types of computers

o Desktop computer
Desktop computers are designed to be placed on a desk, and
they're typically made up of a few different parts, including the
computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Image source: K to 12
Basic Education
Curriculum, Technology
and Livelihood Education
Learning Module,
Computer Hardware
Servicing

o Laptop computer
• Commonly called a laptop.
• Laptops are battery-powered computers that are more portable than
desktops, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.

Image source: K to 12
Basic Education
Curriculum, Technology
and Livelihood Education
Learning Module,
Computer Hardware
Servicing

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o Tablet computers
• Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld computers that are even
more portable than laptops.
• Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen
for typing and navigation.
• The iPad is an example of a tablet.

Image source: K to 12
Basic Education
Curriculum, Technology
and Livelihood Education
Learning Module,
Computer Hardware
Servicing

o Smartphones
Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including
browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often called
smartphones.

o Wearables
Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices—
including fitness trackers and smartwatches—that are designed to be
worn throughout the day. These devices are often called wearables
for short.

o Game consoles
A game console is a specialized type of computer that is used for
playing video games on your TV.

o Tvs
Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you access
various types of online content.

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HARDWARE
- It is the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a
computer system.

MAJOR HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

• System Unit
• The overall structure that houses the processor, memory, and
electronic components of the computer that are used to process data.
• All input and output devices are connected into the system unit.
• The system unit is housed by what is known as system case or
computer case (can also be called computer chassis, cabinet, tower,
box and housing)

Image source: K to 12
Basic Education
Curriculum, Technology
and Livelihood Education
Learning Module,
Computer Hardware
Servicing

• Motherboard
The motherboard is also known as mainboard, system board, logic
board, or MOBO. It holds and allows communication between the
crucial components of the computer such as the CPU and memory. It
also provides connection for other peripherals. This provides the path
which the processor (CPU) communicates with all the components of
the computer.

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 Image source:
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als/09/dd/8e/09dd8e5695
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• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Commonly known as the CPU or processor, this is the brain of the
computer.
• It interprets and carries out the basic instructions to operate a
computer.
• It impacts overall computing power and manages most of the
computer operations.
• The motherboard contains a socket to hold the processor or CPU.
• The central processing unit (CPU), also called the processor or
microprocessor, does most of the processing of data and
instructions for the entire system.
• Because the CPU generates heat, a fan and heat sink might be
installed on top to keep it cool.

Nowadays, processors have multiple cores called multi-core processors. This

means that the processor is a single chips that has two or more separate
processors. In multi-core processors, each of the processors run at a slower
clock speed as compared to a single-core processor, but this efficient process
typically increases performance. There are four kinds of common multi-core
processors today:
1. Dual Core Processor – chip that contains two separate processors
2. Quad Core Processor – chip with four separate processors
3. Hexa Core Processor – chip with six processors
4. Octa Core Processor – chip with eight processors
AMD and Intel are the two most popular brands of processors in the
market nowadays.

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 Bundled with the processors are the heat sinks. A heat sink consists of
metal fins that draw heat away from a component.

Image source: K to 12
Basic Education
Curriculum, Technology
and Livelihood Education
Learning Module,
Computer Hardware
Servicing

• Memory
Used most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage. There
are two types of memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-
Only Memory (ROM)
1. Random Access Memory
• RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on.
• When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.
• Temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed
by the CPU.
• The computer will need a certain amount of memory to be able
to handle programs, data, and information, depending on the
types of applications used.
• The more RAM a computer has, the faster the computer will be.
• To be able to use basic application software such as Office Suite,
one needs at least 1GB of RAM.
• Using programs and multimedia should have at least 4GB.
• Playing modern games or using editing software will require at
least 8GB. Today the RAM ranges up to 64GB depending on the
programs that will be used for the computer.
2. Read-only Memory
• ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non- volatile, meaning it holds
data even when the power is ON or OFF.
• ROM stores the program required to initially boot the computer and
perform diagnostics.

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 Image source: https://www.scienceabc.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ram-versus-rom.jpg

• Expansion Bus
A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components inside
or outside a computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU
to each other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.

Image source:
https://upload.wikimed
ia.org/wikipedia/comm
ons/f/fc/PCIExpress.jpg

• Adapters
Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the
necessary connections or circuit boards. They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different hardware.

Image source:
https://media.rs-
online.com/t_large/F67
33093-01.jpg

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• Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Power supplies serve as the source for electricity to the computer.
Attached are vital hardware cables and buses for transferring power
to various components in the computer.

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https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/pr
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• Storage device
Used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a
media disk.
Examples are:
• Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• Optical Drive
• Floppy Drive
• External Flash Drive
• External Hard Drive

SOFTWARE
Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the
hardware to operate effectively. Software can be split into two main types:
• System software
• Application software

1. System Software – Any software required to support the production or

execution of application programs, but which is not specific to any particular
application. Common operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS,
OS/2 and UNIX.

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 Image source: K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum, Technology and Livelihood Education Learning
Module, Computer Hardware Servicing

2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or

multiple related tasks. Examples of application software are as follows:
A. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints
documents. Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro, MacWrite.
B. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows
and columns is used to present and analyze data. Example: MS Excel,
Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.
C. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a
large collection of computer programs. Data is organized as fields and
records for easy retrieval. Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.
D. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data
manipulation for easier analysis and presentation. Example:
Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe
Photoshop

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 ACTIVITY SHEETS FOR TLE TLE – COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
(EXPLORATORY – GRADE7)
Lesson 2: Performing Computer Operations
Week 2 LO 1. Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken

Activity 2.1:
Direction. Essay. Pick one type of computer. Write a short essay on how it may help
you do everyday tasks/ works or help you in your studies especially in this time of
COVID-19. Minimum of 50 words. Write your answer on the space provided.

Activity 2.2.
Direction. Sort the following words according to: Hardware or Software. Write your
answer on the table provided.
Words:
MS Excel RAM Photoshop Facebook Motherboard Windows
Oracle CPU ROM Expansion Bus Adapter Flash Drive
MS Word Macromedia Flash

Hardware Software