←

C Lecture 4
Attribute data • =
: u

" e-
"

Defect
"

conformities Defective
non
non-conforming
-

constant variable constant variable

r r r
r

C chart U Chart np chart chart

p
monitor total of monitor number
number of defective
percentage of defective
number
average
defects per unit of defects per Unit "

products products fraction non-conforming

"

"" " ""

t constant
/ must be constant ✓
n must be constant n\
n
\
not constant not constant

Assumptions Assumptions Assumptions Assumptions

Defects based binomial dist
Defects binomial assumptions satisfied on .

• •
•

•
poisson assumption satisfied •
poisson assumption satisfied •
it is not possible to have more • Two attributes only
defective units than units produced
expected proportion of items
Variable
• constant sample size ◦
sample size The
•

percent of defective attribute is constant for

•
15 is the
average with the

UCL = C- +
3 F- → round
down
UCL = -4+3
JÉ units per group / lot / Sample size
it not
each sample
to have
Constant
is possible more
group / lot / sample size
•

C- CL = ie
◦
defective units than units produced
c. [ =

of the attribute is
LCL _- E- 3 F- → round up LCL -
_
I -

3¥ ucL=np+3JÉp, ←
round
down
◦ Occurrence

independent from item to item

pcx
)=e× CL =
rip
Three parameters must be

LCL _- rip -3 i)←%Fᵈ -

ve → 0
specified :

of width of
frequency
if standard valve d- pis
Sample
a unavailable .

• • •
then I can be used to estimate P
Size control
sampling limits

15+3
3- p{D< NVCL p)-p{ ☐<n LCL
p) UCL _-

if np ≥ 5
,
Normal approximation CL =
F
to binomial can be used

LCL =p
3J¥a¥%
-

ARLO =

£ ARL ' =

¥3 stand.¥n→p %Yenᵈ→F

sample size that

Smallest
lower
will
give a positive
control limit

>C1p
n <

Sample size required to detect

a shift with 50%
probability
'

(E) poi F)
-

n _ -

8=15 ,
-

pi
 P chart
* Questions
-

chart d) 2nd )
a) parameters of np b) Type 11 error c) p( detect shift
by 4th ) pcdetected on 1st or

F , = 0.20 "

UCL=nF+3JÉF ) 1st / ✗ 2nd )

[p☐B pcdetect
C detect 1st ) detect
rip = Ciooko -201=20 > 5 = I -
=p on +
pcnot on on
I
P B I B
-137%0810-0-087
-
-

=/10016.08 ) Use normal approximation

= 16.14 to the binomial "
[ 0.1635] (1-0-1635) -10.1635C I -0.163s )

pCp≤p°new)
=
= I -

CL =
rip = cioolco -081=8 B=pCp< UCL / pnew) -

= 0-9733
0.99929
t.CL-np-3F-c.io )
=
∅ =

=/10016.08 ) -
3%60810-0.08 )
-0.138=0
e)
=
∅ 0-161.CI
Average Run
length
=

0/(-0.97-5)
¥ ,¥ggg
=
ARL ' =
= = I -195 ≈ 2
= 0.1635

c- Chart

a) find UCL b)
/ c) 0.005
Type 1 error

pcx > UCL =

1- pc ✗ ≤ UCL I c) = 0-005
✗ =
pc 1st ) Xp [ 2nd )

pc ✗ ≤ UCL / c) = I -0.005 = 0-005×0-005

pcx ≤ UCL I c) 0.995

0.00003
=
=
0-000025 ≈
what kind of distribution ?
passion
c- =
225 can't use normal
VCL
' ✗

S e- c- = 0.995
✗ = 0 ×!
UCL
2 ✗

£ e- 2- = 0.995
I
✗ = 0 ×!
" "

What is the value of UCL ? above 2 start with 3

=E¥+é+e+e;
=
Compare with 0.995 if its close to it
0.8571 , ,

you stop otherwise UCL = 4

assume
{
.

until its close

Compare again

=[%¥é+e÷:÷÷+e÷? ]
=
0.947
Chart
D-
?
not

↓
detected ??
B
1-
B

IAFo=
) I -

B so

UCL = 15+3 = 0-02-1

?Ñ = 0-0794

B) pcdetected after 3rd

day)
LCL =p -3 0-02
3JÑ -0.03 ≈ 0
-
= =
}
= I -
[ Perry ) ]
PT 0.04 Cso ) ( 0.041=2 <
5 binomial
np → use
= → =

≤n]
}
1- B. = I -
[ Pcd ≤ much -

pc = I -
[I -

PC detected ] ]
= I - [ Pcd -2506.079471 ]
= I -
[ Pcd ≤ 3.at#8Tnd Should be 0.624

= I - [
pcd ≤ 3) ]

3
= I -
≤ (G) F. da PJ -
"

d- -
o

a.sn?oc%1co.ou)dC1-o.o4 )ˢ°
- d
of D= 0,1 , 2. { 3 I
sum
its
=

,a6°°
-

F) ;¥=crxr : = , _
[(F) Éo -04%1-0.045 :({ )É%jc - °

, _
◦ oui
_
'

+ (F)Éoouici-0.04%-2+43%0.043<1--0.04%-3]
= I -0-86 =
0.139 snoudbe 0.278 2-
£"
* Tutorial

P - Chart M

A) control chart
i di Pi=¥

0.016225+30.0162250-0.016225/-0.047
[
"

2
3

2
0-02

0-013
UCL :P -13 =

150
B) n
>\-p •

4
4
2
0.0267

0.013
Clip -0.01622s
-
n >

1-0.0%6,222%032
3o-oio22sCi-o.oi622s# 545.699
0.014 ≈ O n >
5 5 0-03 LCL =
F- 3 = 0.01622s -
= -

6 2 0.013 150

7- I 0 -

0067

/
8 2 0-013

9 0 0 UCL :O -047
^

" 2 ours ci i ooi o

Pi
12 4 0.0267

13 I 0.0067 LCL :O

14 0-02

IS 6 0.04
16 it 's . _ to
o
- . _ _

17 I 0-0067

18 2 0-013
after it 'll be
19 ◦ '
02
plotting
20 2 0 -013 in control

F=§ =
0.016225

np chart

np

npl

15=1
100

A) I -

B
normal to
B)
nsl-p-I.li I should be in
control

nF= 20>5 → use

binomial 32
>1-o%6_
n
•

pcdetected )= 1-
pcp ≤ UCL ) -

pCp≤ LCL
)

= I -
0 ucL-n -
0 LcL-n n > 47.25
FEE ) FFFÉ )

ucL=n-p+3FpÉp ) =L 026-20--0
{_÷÷±,
-

= 16+3%-076 ) FÉ¥o)
= 26.99 ≈ 26
=/ -
0 ( 1. 5) - 0/(-3-75)
LCL : rip -
3Ép )
= 16 - 35¥16 ) = I -
(0.93319-0.00009)
= 5
=
0.0669

3rd ) ( 1-0.066913
pcdetectedby : I -

=
0.1875
 7- Chart

chart Ñ=o -03

A) width of the control limits B) parameters for np - c) Sample size

+LÉ=8o9
if use LCL
you

ucL=nF+3Éi
should

n=(
formula you
U pct F)
-

same ans →
get
.

=
(400×0.05)+3 ÉÉs)
=
33.07669 ≈ 33
you can find the → 0-0500 + L = 0.0809 8=15 ,
-

Fo = 0.03-0.05=-0-02
ans
directly from CL =
rip = 400×0-05=20
calculator

(3-02)%0.05311-0.05 )
the .

2=2.8355 n=

Lclinp -
3JÉi
LCL =
(400×0.05) -
3ÑÉÉÉ)
n= 1068.75
=
6.9 ≈ 7

c. chart

[
A) Three
sigma control limits B) Type terror c)
Type 11 error =
2
D) Average run
length
?)
0

UCL :[

=
+355
0.53+350-53
✗
=p
( ✗ ≤
¢ / c) + Pcx > ucllc )
B=pcx≤ uczlc ) -

pcx≤¥1 ARL '

'

¥3S
c- 0-53<5 É 2<5 →
Poisson
poisson
=
→ =
= 2.7=2 = 1.156
C- -53 2

=1z%=0
cL :O -53 UCL c-

.ci?f.-2iX=x!LCL=T-3FcLci--o.s3-3F-s3
✗
e- c-
2=1 - s =
¥

= -1-65=0
¥?◦é°sÉ é;°+é%+é?g] = ' - =
[

= 1- [
é°E3°+é°¥o é°¥] +
= 0.135

= 0-0167

P -
chart

B) I
B R -0.10 1st 2nd )
A) control limits C)
pcdetectedby
-

or
-

1- B B I -
B

ucL=p- + 3Fi pcdetected) :p Cp≤ UCL ) -

Pcp ≤ LCLI =pC detected by 1st ) -1 PCND by 1st ) ✗ pcdetectedby 2nd )

3µ-o7_
= 0.07 +

rip , : 400×0-1=40 > s → normal approx .

=
0-29806 -10-70194×0.29806
= 0.108

a --0.07
= 1-

¢ v¥g -0 LcL
) = 0.507

¢
LCL :p -3
= ' -
-
∅
0.07
3ot
= -

1-(06-53) 0C -4.67 ) )
=
0.03
=
-

= 1- (0.70194-0)

=
0.29806
 c. chart

C)
A) control chart parameters B) c- n e w =
2×5.25=10.5 Type ter ror

-25

UCL :[ +35C
c=9=S UCL :[ +35C ✗
=pcx≤ LCLK ) -1pct > UCL
/ c)

=
5-25+35525 =
10-5+3%5
c- = 10.5>5 → normal
= 12.12 ≈ 12 = 20-22=20

=t∅(¥)+∅()
CL=s -25 CL= 10-5

LCL=E -3nF LCL=E -3nF

'
5-25-3525 355s
=

∅[¥ˢ)+∅(
-

= =io s -
-

= - I -6220 = 0.778 ≈ I
1- ⑦
=
(2.933+01-2.93)

= I -0-99831-10-00169

=
0.0034

you can

use both
Charts chart
I
u -

A) Three limit B) Type terror

sigma "n
←

should we
multiply byn ?
UCL= -4
-13¥ 2=1 -

pCu≤ucL7+pCu≤ LCL )
Inara
-13¥ E=n×ñ= 2×2=425
< chart =
2 →
don't poisson
multiply multiply
= 5 0

CLI 2
=\ -

pc×≤¥E÷Y+pc×≤¥÷÷¥
round down
roundup

= I -

pCx≤ to )
LCL -_ in -

3¥ much

=
2-
3JÉ
= , _
[E
×=◦é÷→]
[
=
-
ko
=L -

×.Éé÷i×]
=/ -
0.997

=
0.0028
*
previous

np - chart

32
B) pc detected by c)
C¥
A) I at least the
-

B n > •

(1-0.0235)-037
end of third )
( Pcd ≤ uchi Pcd ≤ LCL )
day
pc detected )
= 1- n >
3
-

I ( 1- 1)
rip +3 Ép )
-
=
UCL =

n > 27
=
15+3 %-) = 25
= 1
cL =
rip =
IS

LCL = rip -
3 Tip
= 15 -
3 %-) = 4.9 ≈ 5

nF ,
= Yo > 5 → use normal
approx
.

F 67
#
n = 60 ; = = 0 -

= 1-
ñ ) ∅C¥É;))
(∅(nip .
)
-

(∅(%É;) ∅(ÉiÉ
= ' -

= I -
( ∅ C- 4- 13 ) -
0 C- 9- 63 ) )

=
I -
CO - O )

=
I

C- Chart

-0
✗
=p Cx ≤ L¢L I c) + pcx > UCL I c)

C- =
too = 5.56 ≥ 5 → use normal
18

UCL -

_
I + 3 Fc
= 5.56+355-56 =
12.6 ≈ 12

LCL = E- 3 F-

= 5.56 - 3556
= - I -5 ≈ 0

a- -
i -
∅

= , -

∅(¥:)
= I -
062.731

= I -

0.99683

=
0 .
003