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  • Homeostasis: Two Greek Words: 'Homeo,' Meaning 'Similar,' and 'Stasis,' Meaning 'Stable.'

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    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions. There are different levels of organization within the human body from cells to organ systems. The body uses feedback mechanisms involving sensors, integrators, and effectors to respond to stimuli and maintain homeostasis. Negative feedback loops work to reverse changes and maintain homeostasis, like thermoregulation, while positive feedback loops reinforce changes, like during labor. Thermoregulation uses negative feedback loops involving the skin, spinal cord, hypothalamus, sweat glands, muscles, and blood vessels to maintain the normal body temperature range.

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    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions. There are different levels of organization within the human body from cells to organ systems. The body uses feedback mechanisms involving sensors, integrators, and effectors to respond to stimuli and maintain homeostasis. Negative feedback loops work to reverse changes and maintain homeostasis, like thermoregulation, while positive feedback loops reinforce changes, like during labor. Thermoregulation uses negative feedback loops involving the skin, spinal cord, hypothalamus, sweat glands, muscles, and blood vessels to maintain the normal body temperature range.

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    22 views12 pages

    Homeostasis: Two Greek Words: 'Homeo,' Meaning 'Similar,' and 'Stasis,' Meaning 'Stable.'

    Uploaded by

    Eman
    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions. There are different levels of organization within the human body from cells to organ systems. The body uses feedback mechanisms involving sensors, integrators, and effectors to respond to stimuli and maintain homeostasis. Negative feedback loops work to reverse changes and maintain homeostasis, like thermoregulation, while positive feedback loops reinforce changes, like during labor. Thermoregulation uses negative feedback loops involving the skin, spinal cord, hypothalamus, sweat glands, muscles, and blood vessels to maintain the normal body temperature range.

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    of 12

    Homeostasis

    Two Greek words: 'homeo,' meaning 'similar,' and 'stasis,' meaning 'stable.'
    Learning Goals
    • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to:

    1) Describe different levels or organization within the human body


    2) Describe how feedback systems operate within the body
    3) Distinguish the different characteristics of positive and negative feedback
    loops
    4) Use feedback loops to describe how temperature is maintained in the body
    Anatomical Background Info
    Levels of Organization of the Human Body
    Organ Systems of the
    Human Body
    Feedback Mechanisms
    Feedback Mechanisms
    To maintain internal balance, the body has to respond to stimuli.
    How does a stimulus elicit a response?

    Effector Response
    Stimulus Sensor Integrator
    (muscle or (system’s
    (env. change) (eg. Brain)
    gland) output)

    In an negative feedback mechanism, the response acts to


    counteract the change in the sytem
    Feedback Loops

    Negative Feedback Loops Positive Feedback Loops


    • Reverse the trend • Reinforce the trend
    • Maintain homeostasis • Usually do not maintain
    • Occur when a reversal to a change homeostasis
    in an internal variable is required • Occur when a continuous increase
    • Eg. Thermoregulation, blood sugar, in an internal variable is required
    calcium levels, etc. • Eg. Labor and childbirth
    Thermoregulation
    Thermoregulation
    Response to Cold Response to Heat
    Sensors Sensors Integrator
    Integrator
    Skin, spinal cord, Skin, spinal cord,
    hypothalamus hypothalamus

    Effector
    Sweat Body
    glands Temperature

    Effector Effector Effector Effector


    Muscles Peripheral blood Sweat Peripheral blood
    Shiver vessels constrict glands vessels dilate
    Temperature

    Normal Range How to measure


    • Average* internal temperature is • Thermometer
    37.0 °C (98.6 °F) • Mouth (oral)
    • Influenced by age, time of day, • Anus (rectal)
    activity level, type of • Under the arm (axillary)
    measurement • Ear (tympanic)
    • Vagina (Vaginal)
    • Healthy Range:
    • Bladder
    36.5°C (97.8°F) to 37.3°C (98.6°F) • Skin of forehead over temporal artery
    Temperature Fluctuations over 24 hours

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