DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

7. y = e mx then D(y) = me mx , D 2(y) = m 2 e mx e
 y = x tan –1 (n )
3
D (y) = m e 3 mx x
then given dx
tan –1 y
16. (1 + y 2)
dy + x = e
D 3 y – 3D 2 y – 4Dy + 12y = 0
1
 m 3 e mx – 3m 2 e mx – 4me mx + 12 e mx = 0 dx x e tan y
+ 2 =
 m 3 – 3m 2 – 4m + 12 = 0 ( e mx  0) dy 1y 1  y2
–1 y
 (m – 2) (m – 3) (m + 2) = 0 I.F. = e tan
 m = 2, 3, –2 1

tan –1 y
(e tan y 2
)
Hence number of values of mN will be 2. xe =  2 dy
1y
dy
12. = 100 – y 1 2 tan–1 y
–1 y
dx  xe tan e + c =
2
dy 19. y dx + x dy = – x 2 y dy
  = dx   – n (100 – y) = x + c
100  y
since y(0) = 50  – n 50 = c ydx  xdy 1
 2 2
= – dy
x y y
 – n(100 – y) = x – n 50
50 d(xy) 1
 50    = –  y dy
 n   = x  = ex x y 2 2
 100  y  100  y
x 1 1
13. 2 – = – ny + c  – + ny = c
 ty(t)dt  x y(x) xy xy
0
dy
Differentiating, we get 20. y 5x + y – x = 0
dx
dy dy dy y
xy = 2xy + x 2  x2 + xy = 0  – = y5
dx dx dx x
dy 1 dy 1 1
x + y = 0  xdy + ydx = 0  5 – = 1
dx y dx x y4
d(xy) = 0  xy = c 1 4 dy dt
 since it passes through (2,3) Let 4 = t  =
y y5 dx dx
 c = 6
1 dt t
Hence xy = 6.  – – = 1
4 dx x
dy y y dt 4t
14. = – cos 2  + = – 4
dx x x dx x
dy dv 4
I.F. = e  x
Put y = vx then = v + x dx
dx dx = e 4 nx = x 4
dv so solution is t.x 4 = – 4.x 4dx + c
v + x = v – cos 2 v
dx
4
dv dx 1  x x5
  =  –    + = c
2
cos v x 4  y 5
y
 tan v = – nx + c  tan
= –nx + c x  y 
x 21. 2
dy =  2 2
2
 1  dx
 x y x y 
As it passes through the point (1, )
4 xdy  ydx
so c = 1  = –dx
x2  y2
y y e y
tan = – nx + 1  tan = n  tan –1 = –x + c  y = x tan (c – x)
x x x x
EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS
1 a2
dy x2 e2
3. Given = – k y   dy = – kdt  e 2
= – (y – 2)
dt y
(a 2  2)
2 y = – kt + c x 2  a2
 –y + 2 = (a 2 + 2) e 2
Now at t = 0, y = 4 so c = 4.
x 2  a2
t 1  y = 2 – (2 + a 2) e 2
 2 y = + 4 (as k = )
15 15
1
When y = 0, t = 60 min.
7.  f(tx)dt  nf(x)
x 0
5. y =
 n| cx| du
Let tx = u  dt =
dy y x x
= +  
dx x y 1
x x
  f(u)du = nf(x)   f(u)du = nxf(x)
 n| cx| 1 1 x x 0 0
 = +  
(  n| cx| ) 2
 n| cx| y
f(x) = n[f(x) + xf'(x)]  f(x)  1  n  = xf'(x)
1 y2  n 
x
   = = dx n dy 1n
 y  (  n| cx| )
2
x2  =   nx = ny + nc
x 1n y n
x 1 n 1 n
2
6.  y(t)dt  x  y(x) x n = cy  y = c' x n

a
dy
dy dy 12. y = mx + c  = m
 xy = 2x +  x(y – 2) = dx
dx dx
2
dy x2 dy  dy 
 xdx =   = n |y – 2| + nc It satisfies + x  – y = 0
y 2 2 dx  dx 
2
x2 m + xm – mx – c = 0
 e 2 = c(y – 2)
x(m 2 – m) + (m – c) = 0
at x = a y = – a2
This is an identity so
a2
a2
2
e2 m = 0 or m = 1 & c = m
 e 2 = c(– a – 2)  c = –
(a 2  2) So two such straight line are possible.

EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS

Tr ue/False : Assertion & Reason :
2 dy 1
d y dy
2. 2 + 2 + y = 0 2. y = A + n Bx  =
dt dt dx x
Hence order is 1.
dy d2 y
y =e –t then = –e –t and = e –t So statement-I is false & statement-II is true.
dt dt 2 Comprehension : # 1
 e –t – 2e –t + e –t = 0 For reservoir A
Hence e –t is a solution of the above equation.
dVA dVA
Now y = te –t , then  – VA  = – k1 VA
dt dt
dy d2 y
= e –t – te –t and = –2e –t + te –t VA
dVA t VA
dt dt 2
  V = –k 1  dt  log V = –k 1 t
On putting this in equation, te –t also satisfies the VA 0 A 0 A0
equation.  V A = V A e –k1 t
0
dy
5. 2
y = ax + bx + c = 2ax + b Similarly V B = V B e –k 2 t
dx 0

VA VA 0
d2 y d3y so = e –(k1 – k2)t
2 = 2a  = 0 VB VB 0
dx dx 3
Hence order 3, degree 1. At t = 0 , V A = 2V B
0 0
 and at t = 1, V A = 1.5 V B  t 0 = log 4/3 2

3 3 1 1
so = 2e –(k1 – k 2 )  e –(k 1 – k 2) = and also t 0 = 4 = 2  log 3
2 4 log 2 2
1 3
1. At t = , V A = kV B
2
1/2 VA
 3 3. Now V = 2 e –(k1 – k2)t  f(t) = 2 e –(k1 – k2)t
so k = 2   k = 3 B
 4
2. Let at t = t0 both the reservoirs have same quantity 3 –(k – k )t
of water, then f'(t) = – 2(k 1 – k 2 ) e –(k1 – k2)t = 2ln e 1 2
4
VA = VB  2e –(k 1 – k 2 )t 0 = 1
t0  f(t) is decreasing.
 3 1 1
  4  =  t 0 = log 3/4  2 
2

EXERCISE - 04[A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

3. x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
rdr 1  r2
Differentiation, we get, Now =
r 2 sec d  r
 2x + 2yy' + 2g + 2fy' = 0
Again differentiating, dr
  = sec  d
 1 + (y') 2 + yy'' + fy'' = 0 ........(i) 1  r2
Again differentiating,  n(r + 1  r 2 ) = n(sec + tan) + nc
 2(y')y'' + y'y'' + yy''' + fy''' = 0
 r + 1  r 2 = c (sec  + tan )
 1 (y ')2 
 3y'y'' + y'''  y    y   0 (from (i))
 y '' y ''   xy 
2
x y 2 + 1x y 2 2 = c  2 
 x  y 
2
 3y '(y '')2  y ''' 1  (y ')2   0
 
5. y = c 1 e 3x + c 2 e 2x + c 3 e x ... (1) dy xy xy
12.  sin  sin
dy dx 2 2
= 3c 1 e 3x + 2c 2 e 2x + c 3 e x ... (2)
dx dy x y
  2 cos sin
dx 2 2
d2 y
= 9c 1 e 3x + 4c 2 e 2x + c 3 e x ... (3) y x
dx 2  cosec dy  2 cos dx
2 2
d3 y
= 27c 1 e 3x + 8c 2 e 2x + c 3 e x ... (4)  y   x
dx 3  2  n tan   2  2 sin   c
 4   2 
Apply (4) – 6 × (3) + 11 × (2) – 6 × (1)
y x
d3y d2 y dy  n tan  c1  2 sin
 3 – 6 2 + 11 dx – 6y = 0
4 2
dx dx
dm
16.  m
xdx  ydy 1  x2  y2 dt
11. =
xdy  ydx x2  y2
1
dm  dt
Put x = r sec , y = r tan  m
 x2 – y2 = r2 ... (1) n m = – t + c
m = ke –t (at t = 0, m = m 0 )
y  k = m0
and sin  = ... (2)
x m 0
On differentiating (1), xdx – ydy = rdr... (3) m = m 0 e –t (at t = t 0, m = m 0 – )
100
On differentiating (2),
1   
xdy – ydx = x 2 cos d = r 2 sec d ... (4)   n  1  
t0  100 
 x dy
18. A =  f(t)dt  (f(x)) n 1  y n 1 (x,f(x)) 30. y3 + x + y2 = 0
dx
0
dy da
 y  (n  1)y n y ' Put y2 = a – x  2y. = – 1
dx dx
 dx  (n  1)y n 1 dy 0 x 1  da 
(n  1) n
so  dx  1 (a – x) + x + a – x = 0
2
 x y C
n
1  da  a
n   dx  1 =
 C = 0,   (f(0) = 0, f(1) = 1) 2 ax
n 1
 x = y n  y = x 1/n da 2a da 2a
22. Put x  X + h y = Y + k  – 1 =  = + 1
dx x a dx x a
h  2k  3
 h = 1, k=1 da xa
2h  k  3  =
dx x a
dY X  2Y
 Put a = vx
dX 2X  Y
Put Y = vX dv 1v dv 1v
so v + x =  x = – v
dx 1v dx 1v
Xdv 1  2v
 v
dX 2v dv 1  v2 (1  v )dv dx
 x =   2 = 
2v dX dx 1v 1v x
 dv 
(1  v )(1  v) X
1
 tan –1 v – n |1 + v 2 | = nx + c
 1 1  2
   1  v  1  v 2  dv  n| X | c
a 1 a2
 tan –1 – n 1  2 = nx + c
1 v 1 x 2 x
 n|1  v|  n  n| X |  c
2 1v
a 1
1/2  tan –1 – n |x 2 + a 2 | = c
YX x 2
 n| X  Y| n c
X Y where a = x + y 2

35. 1  y(1  x 2 )  dx   x(1  x 2 )dy

XY  
X Y
 n X  Y  c  k dy y 1
X Y (X  Y)3  
dx x x(1  x 2 )
1/ x
 (x + y – 2) = k(x – y) 3 I.F. e x
2
 dx  dx 1
29. y 1  + y = kxy  yx    dx
 dy  dy 1  x2
2
 dx  dx xy   tan 1 x  c
 1  = kx –
 dy  dy 36. y – xy' = b + bx 2y'
2 2 dy dx dy
 dx   dx  dx  y – b = (x + bx 2)   
2 2
 1 +   = k x +   –2kx dx x(1  bx) y  b
 dy   dy  dy
1 b 
 2kx
dx
= k2x2 – 1  
2kxdx
= dy
   x  1  bx  dx  log  y  b   log c
dy k2 x2  1
 logx – log(1 + bx) = log(y – b) + logc
1 x
 y = n |c(k 2 x 2 – 1)|  = (1 + bx)(y – b)
k c
 1
 b + ( + b 2 )x = y(1 + bx) 46. Equation of tangent
c
 b + kx = y(1 + bx) dy
Y – y = (X – x)
dx
dy y y 4 cos x Y
40.   dx
dx x x3 when Y = 0, X = x – y P(x, y)
dy
1 dy 1 cos x
 3  3
y 4 dx
y x x 1 dx  X
x  y  y = a2 O
2  GH JK
ydx
dy  x
dy
,0
1 3 dy dt
Put –  t  
y3 y 4 dx dx dx dx x 2a 2
xy – y 2 = ± 2a 2  – =  2
dy dy y y
dt 3t 3 cos x
  
dx x x3 x 2a 2 1 x a2
 =  2 dy  = ± 2 + c
3/x y y y y y
I.F. e  x3
3 cos x a2
3
x dx   1 3  x = cy ±
tx =  
3 x  3 sin x  c y
x3 y3
 dy   dy 
 x 3 y 3  3 sin x  c 52.  dx  y   dx  x   0
  
dy 2xy 2 1 dy 1 2x
 
41. y  x  dy dy
dx e y 2 dx y e x y or x
dx dx
1 1 dy dt
Put –  t   x2
y y 2 dx dx  ny  x  c or y c
2
dt 2x  y = ke x
 t  x
dx e dy dt
54. xy = t  x y 
dx dx dx
I.F. is e   ex
dy dt t
2x 1  x  
x
te =  x
e dx   ex  x2  c dx dx x
ex y
 y –1 e x = –x 2 – c  dt t 
 (1  t  t 2 )  x   
dy  dx x 
43. x (x 2 + 1) + (x 2 – 1) y = x 3 nx
dx (1  t  t 2 ) t dt 1  t2 dt
    
dy (x 2  1)y x2 n x x x dx x dx
+ =
dx x(x 2  1) x2  1 dt dx
 2

 tan –1 t = n|x| + nc
x 2 1 1t x
 x ( x 2 1) dx x2  1  tan –1 (xy) = n|cx|
I.F. = e =
x xy = tann|xc|
 x2  1  dy
x2  1 x2 57. Equation of tangent Y – y = (X – x)
 x y =  × 2 nx dx dx
  x x 1

 x2  1  dy
x y
  x  y = x nx dx dx
  distance from origin = 2
 dy 
2 1 
 x  1 x2 x2  dx 
  x  y = nx. – + c
  2 4 1
Equation of normal Y – y = (X – x)
 4(x 2 + 1)y + x 3 (1 – 2nx) = cx dy
dx
 dy dy 1
 Y – y = –X + x or n |1 + v 2 | – tan –1 v = nc – nx
dx dx 2
Hence solution will be
dy
xy
dx 1
distance from origin = n |1 + v 2 | + nx = ± tan –1 v + nc
2 2
 dy 
1  –1 v
 dx  x 1  v 2 = ke ± tan
dy dy
No w x y = xy –1 y/x
dx dx  x 2  y 2 = ce ± tan

dy dy 58. Input rate = 10 gm/min

either – x + y = x + y
dx dx
After time t volume of tank = 50 + (2 – 1)t
dy dy
or x – y = x + y m
dx dx Concentration of salt in time t = gm/lit
50  t
dy
 (x + y) = y – x
dx m
Output rate = .1 gm/min.
dy 50  t
or (x – y) = x + y 50 lit t.
dx at t = 0

dy yx dy xy
 = or = dm m 2lit/min 1lit/min
dx yx dx xy = + 10
dt 50  t
Put y = vx
m(50 + t) = 10(50 + t) dt
dv v 1 dv 1v
 v + x = or v+x =
dx v 1 dx 1v  m(50 + t) = 500 t + 5t 2 + c

v 1 dx v 1 dx  ( at t = 0, m = 0  c = 0)
  2 dv =  or  dv=
1v x 1  v2 x
 m(50 + t) = 5 (100 t + t 2 )
1
 n |1+v 2 | + tan –1 v = – nx + nc
2  100  t 
 m = 5t  gm
50  t 

EXERCISE - 04 [B] BRAIN STORMING SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

du dv y u
1. (a) + Pu = Q; + Pv = Q  = + k
dx dx uv uv
d  y = u + k (u – v) ... (1)
 (u – v) = – P(u – v) (b) If y = u + v is a particular solution then
dx
d(u  v) compare with (1)
= – P dx  = k + 1,  = – k
uv
  +  = 1
 n (u – v) = –  Pdx (c) If  is a particular solution then it satisfies (1)
dy   = u + k (u – v)
 Py  Qx
dx
uv
1 = constant
I.F. = u
uv
1 Q 1
y. =  + c 2. Y – y = – (X – x)
uv uv y'
u Q At x axis,
 =  + c' [u satisfies it]
uv uv X = x + y. y'
 8. f(x)dx = F(x) + c
 2x  yy ' y 
mid point of PQ =  , 
 2 2 f(x) = F '(x)

mid point lies on 2y 2 = x let F(x) = y

dy sin 2x
2y 2 2x  yy ' ydy + cos x . y =
 =
2

dx
– y 2 = – 2x dx (1  sin x)2
4
I.F. = e sin x
Put y2 = t

dy dt e sin x .sin x cos x

 2y = (x,y) P y.e sin x = 2  dx + c
dx dx (1  sin x)2

1 dt
– t = –2x Q et  t  1  1
2 dx
y e sin x = 2  dt [Put sin x = t]
(1  t)2
dt
+ (–2)t = –4x
dx
 1 1 
= 2  et   2
+ c
 t e –2x = –4 e –2x.x dx + c  t  1 (1  t) 
 y 2 e –2x = e –2x (2x + 1) + c

x = 0, y = 0  c = –1 2e t 2e sin x
y e sin x = + c  y e sin x = + c
t 1 sin x  1
 y 2 = 2x + 1 – e 2x

6. f(x) > 0  x  2 2
 y = + c. e – sin x
sin x  1
d
(x f(x))  – k f(x)
dx dy 2 cos x
f(x) = = – c.e – sin x cos x
dx (sin x  1)2
dy
x + y  – ky [f(x) = y]
dx dy 1 dy 2
13. + Py 1 = Q, + Py 2 = Q
dx dx
dy
x  – y (k + 1) Put y2 = y1 z
dx
dy 2 dz dy
dy (k  1)  = y1 + z 1
+ y  0 dx dx dx
dx x
dz dy 1
 y1 + z = Q – Py 2
k 1 dx dx
I.F. = e
 x
dx
 en x
k 1
 x k 1
dz dy 1
 y1 + z + Py 1 z = Q
dx dx
dy
xk + 1 . + (k + 1) . x k y  0
dx dz dz
 y1 + z Q = Q  y1 = Q(1 – z)
dx dx
d
(y.x k + 1)  0 Q
dx dz
  =  y dx
1z 1
 g(x) = y . x k + 1 decreases  x  2
Q
 g(x)  f(2) . 2 k + 1  n |z – 1| = –  y dx + 
1
f(x) . x k + 1  f(2) . 2 k + 1 Q
  y1 dx
 z = 1 + a e
f(x)  A . x – k – 1
EXERCISE - 05 [A] JEE-[MAIN] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

dy y2  x2 dy dv –1 y dy dx –1
1. = Put y = vx  =V+x 5. (1 + y2) = (etan – x) or (1+ y2) +x + etan y
dx 2xy dx dx dx dy
1
dv v2 x2  x2 v2  1 dx x e tan y
v + x = = + =
dx 2x.vx 2v dy 1  y2 (1  y 2 )
dy
 2 1
xdv v2  1 Now I.F. = e 1  y = e tan y
or = –v
dx 2v 1
tan 1 y e tan y tan 1 y
   solution x(e ) =  e dy + C
dv –v 2  1 2v dv dx 1  y2
x
dx
=
2v
or – 
1  v2
= x 1
e 2 tan y
1 y
xe tan = +C
–log(1 + v2) = logx + c 2
1 1
or 2xe tan y = e 2 tan y + K
logx + log(1 + v2) = logc
6. Given family of curves is
 y2 
2
 x y 2 x2 + y2 – 2ay = 0 ..... (1)
logx.  1  2  = logc or x 2  = c
x   x  2x + 2yy' – 2ay' = 0 ..... (2)

Now put the value of 2a from (1) to in (2)
x2  y2
=c or x2 + y2 = cx x2  y2
x 2x + 2yy' – . y' = 0
y
2. y = ecx
2xy + (y2 – x2)y' = 0 or (x2 – y2)y' = 2xy
logy = cx ..... (i) 7. ydx + (x + x2y)dy = 0 ydx + xdy = –x2y dy

 d(xy ) dy 1
y
y' = c  y' = cy  (xy ) 2
= –  y
 –
xy
= –logy + c

–1
y' y'  + logy = c
c = put in equation (i) logy = .x xy
y y
8. y2 = 2c(x + c ) ..... (1)
or y log y = xy' 2
y = 2cx + 2c c

dy y 1 dy dx dy
2y = 2c  yy1 = C Put in equation(1)
3. Given
dx
=
x(x  1)
or  y 1 =  x(x  1) dx
 y2 = 2yy1(x + yy 1 )
 x 
log(y – 1) = log   + logC y2 = –2yy1x = 2yy1 yy 1 or (y2 – 2yy1x)2 = 4y 3 y 13
 x 1 
Degree = 3 order = 1
cx
or y –1= ..... (i) y
x 1 dy y  
9. =  log  1  which is homogeneous equ.
dx x  x 
Equation (i) passes through (1, 0)
dy xdv
C Put y = vx, = v +
–1 =  C = –2 Put in (i) dx dx
2
dv vx  vx 
2x v + x =  log x  1 
(y – 1) = (y – 1) (x + 1) + 2x = 0 dx x  
x 1
4. Equation of given parabola is y2 = Ax + B where xdv
= v(logv + 1) – v = vlogv + v – v
A and B are parameters dx
2
dy d2 y  dy  dv dx
2y
dx
= A
dx 2 y
+   = 0
 dx 
 v log v =  x
 log(logv) = logx + logc

This is the equation of given parabola order = 2, y

 log = cx
degree 1 x
10. Given Ax 2 + By 2 = 1 Divide by B  dy 
2

(y – 2)2   + (y – 2)2 = 25
A 2 1  dx 
x + y2 = Differentiate w.r.t x
B B or (y – 2)2 (y')2 + (y – 2)2 = 25
A dy
2x + 2y = 0 ..... (i) 14. y  c 1 e c2 X ........(1)
B dx
c2 x
Again Differentiate w.r.t. x y '  c1 c 2 e ........(2)

2 y "  c 1 c 22 e c2 x
A  d2 y  dy  
2 + 2 y 2    = 0 ..... (ii) y "  c2 y ' ........(3)
B  dx  dx  
(2)
 d 2 y  dy 2  Now
A (1)
Put = –  y dx 2   dx   in equation (i)
B     y'
 c2
y
2
 d2 y  dy   dy  Put in (3)
–2x  y 2     + 2y = 0
 dx dx
   dx y'
y"  . y '  y" y = (y') 2
2 y
d2 y  dy  dy
or xy + x  – y = 0 15. cos x dy = y(sin x – y)dx
2
dx  dx  dx
dy y sin x  y 2
 
It have second order and first degree. dx cos x
11. Let the centre of circle is (h, 0) and radius will be dy
also h  = y tan x – y 2 sec x
dx
  equation of circle (x – h)2 + (y – 0)2 = h2 1 dy 1
  tan x – sec x
2 2
  x – 2hx + h + y = h 2 2 y 2 dx y
  x2 – 2hx + y2 = 0 ..... (i) 1 dy 1
  tan x = – sec x
Equation (i) passes through origin differentiating it y 2 dx y
w.r.t. x 1 dy 1
 –  tan x = sec x ... (1)
dy dy y 2 dx y
2x–2h+2y =0 h = x+ y put in equation (i)
dx dx 1
Put = t in equation (1)
 dy  y
x2 – 2x  x  y + y2 = 0
 dx  1 dy dt
–  ... (2)
dy y 2 dx dx
 y2 = x2 + 2xy
dx From equation (1) & (2), we get,
dy y dy dv dt
12. =1+ put y = vx, =v+x  + t . tan x = sec x
dx x dx dx dx
dv vx dv
 I.F. = e 
tan x dx
v+ x = 1 +  x = 1
dx x dx
= e log |sec x| = sec x
dx y
 dv  solution of differential equation is :
=
x  v = logx + c or
x
= logx+c ... (i)
t. sec x =  sec x . sec x . dx + c
Given y(1) = 1  1 = log1 + c  c = 1 put (i)
1
y = xnx + x sec x = tan x + c
y
13. Equation of circle (x – h)2 + (y – 2)2 = 25 .....(i) sec x = y (tan x + c)
Differentiate w.r.t. x dy
16.  y 3  0 y (0) = 2, y(log 2) = ?
dx
dy
2(x – h) + 2(y – 2) = 0
dx dy
 y  3   dx
dy
(x – h) = – (y – 2) put in (i) log |y + 3| = x + c
dx
 y(0) = 2 1 1 / y
log|2 + 3| = 0 + c  c = log 5. Let I1 =  e dy
y3
y.(log 2) = ?
log |y + 3| = log 2 + log 5 –1
log |y + 3| = log 10 put = t
y
y + 3 = 10 y–2 dy = dt
y = 7 t
 I1 = –  te dt
dV
17.  k(T  t) = – et (t – 1)
dt = et (1 – t)
 General solution is
 dV   K (T  t)dt
 1
 t2  xe–1/y = e–1/y  1    C
V  K  Tt    C  y
 2
1
At t = 0 V = I  C = I  x = 1 + + Ce1/y
y
 t Put x = 1, y = 1
V = – Kt  T    I
 2  1
 1 = 1 + + Ce 1/1
 T KT 2 1
V(T) = – KT  T    I  I
 2 2  C = –1/e
1/ y
18. Equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is 1 e
 x = 1 + –
dy 1 y e
y  y1   x  x1 
dx 1 dP(t) 1
20.  P(t)  450
dx 1 dt 2
x– intercept = x1 – y1 integrate
dy 1
According to question dP 1
dx 1
 P  900   2 dt
x1  y1
dy 1 1
x1  n|(P – 900)| = t  C ....(1)
2 2
dx 1 given t = 0  P = 850
 x1 =  y 1
dy 1  C = n 50
from (1)
dy dx
   1
y x ln|(P – 900)| = t + n50
2
 ny = – nx + nc
c 1  P  900 
 y =  xy = c t  n  
x 2  50 
Now at x = 2, y = 3
 P  900 
 c = 6 t = 2 n  
 50 
6
 xy = 6  y= at P = 0
x
900
 1 t = 2n
19. y2dx +  x   dy = 0 50
 y
t = 2n18
dx 1 dx x 1
 y2 x    2  3
dy y dy y y 3/2 2
21. P = 100x – 12 x . C
1 3
 y2 dy
 Integrating factor (I.F.) = e = e–1/y x = 0, P = 2000
 General solution is –
C = 2000
1 1 / y
x . e–1/y =  e dy  c p (x = 2500 – 1000 + 2000 = 3500
y3 = 25)
EXERCISE - 05 [B] JEE-[ADVANCED] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

1. Let X0 be initial population of the country and Y0 1

be its initial food production. y(1 + t) = –1 or y =–
1 t
Let the average consumption be a units. Therefore,
1 1
food required initially aX0. It is given and y(1) = – = –
1 1 2
 90  5. Given : liquid evaporates at a rate proportional to
Y 0 = aX 0  = 0.9 aX 0 ... (1)
100  its surface area.
Let X be the population of the country in year t. dv
  – S ... (1)
dX dt
Then = rate of change of population
dt 1 2
We know, volume of liquid = r h
3
3
= X = 0.03 X and surface area = r2 (of liquid in contact with air)
100
1 2
dX or V = r h and S = r 2 ... (2)
 = 0.03 dt 3
X
R r
dX Also, tan  = = ... (3)
Integrating  = 0.03dt H h
X From (2) and (3),
 log X = 0.03t + c
1 3
 X = A . e 0.03t where A = e c V = r cot  and S = r 2 ... (4)
3
At t = 0, X = X 0, thus X 0 = A Substituting (4) in (1), we get
 X = X 0 e 0.03t
Let Y be the food production in year t. 1 dr
cot . 3r 2 . = – Kr 2
t 3 dt
 4  r
Then Y = Y 0  1  = 0.9aX 0 (1.04) t H
 100  0 T 
( Y 0 = 0.9aX 0 from (1)) h
 cot   dr  K  dt
R 0
Food consumption in the year t is aX 0 e 0.03 t.
Again for no food deficit, Y – X  0 where T is required time after which the cone is
 0.9 X 0 a (1.04) t > a X 0 e 0.03 t empty.
 cot  (0 – R) = –K(T – 0)
(1.04) t 1 10
 0.03 t > =  R cot  = KT
e 0.9 9
 H = KT (using (3))
Taking log on both sides, H
 T =
t[n (1.04) – 0.03]  n 10 – n 9 K
 n 10   n 9
 t  dy  cos x(1  y) dy  cos xdx
 n(1.04)  0.03 6. = or 1y = 
dx 2  sin x 2  sin x
Thus the least integral values of the year n, when
the country becomes self sufficient, is the smallest log(1 + y) = –log(2 + sinx) + c
 n 10   n 9 or log(1 + y) + log(2 + sinx) = c
integer greater than or equal to
 n(1.04)  0.03
Given y(0) = 1 means when x = 0, y = 1
t
dy t 1  1 t
dt
 log2 + log2 = c logc  c = 4
3. – y = I.F. = e = e–t(1 + t)
dt 1 t 1 t
4 4
 1+y= or y = –1
2  sin x 2  sin x
t 1
 solution is ye–t (1 + t) = e (1 + t) + C
1 t   4 1
or y   = –1=
2 3 3
ye–t(1 + t) = –e–t + c given y(0) = –1  c = 0
 dy xy d  ƒ(x )  1
8. (a) = 2 This is homogeneous so put   2  = – 4
dx x  y2 dx x x
1
dy  ƒ(x) = cx 2 +
dv 3x
y = vx, =v + .x
dx dx 2
Also ƒ(1) = 1  c =
3
dv xvx v
v+ x = 2 2
=
dx x  (vx) 1  v2 2x 2 1
 ƒ(x) = +
v 3 3x
dv v –v3
or x = 2 – =
dx 1v 1 1  v2
dy 1  y2 y
2 dv dv dx (b) =   dy = dx
(1  v )dv dx dx y 1  y2
– =  or – –  = 
v3 x v3 v x
 – 1  y2 = x + c
1
or – logv = logx + c
2v 2  (x + c) 2 + y 2 = 1
y x2 y Centre (–c,0); radius = 1
put v =  2 = log + logx + c = logy + c
x 2y x dx dy
given y(1) = 1 12. x 2 = y y2  1
x 1
1 x2
= c  c= 2  2 = logy + 2 2 
2 2y sec –1 x = sec –1 y + c  y(2) =  c =
3 6
Now put x = x0, y = e

x 20  
1 3 2 6e 2 sec –1 x = sec –1y +   y = sec(sec –1x – )
=1+ = or x = = 3e2 6 6
2e 2 2 2 0
2
1 1 
 x0 = 3 .e No w cos –1 = cos –1 +
x y 6
xdy  ydx ydx  xdy
(b) = dy or = – dy 1 1
y2 y2 3
cos –1 = cos –1 – cos –1
y x 2
 x
or  d  y  = –  dy
1 3 1 1
  1 2  
x y 2x x  2
= –y + c Given y(1) = 1  1 = –1 + c  c = 2
y
2 3 1
  1 2
x 3 y x x
= –y + 2 Now y(–3), = –y + 2
y y Hence S(I) is true and S(II) is false.
or y2 – 2y – 3 = 0
dy y 1
y2 – 3y + y – 3 = 0 = (y – 3) (y + 1) = 0 13. (A) = –  lny = +c
dx (x  3) 2 x 3
y = 3 or y = –1 But y > 0
1
 y = 3  y = e x 3  c , x  3.

lim t 2 ƒ(x)  x 2 ƒ(t)

11. (a) t x
1 5
tx
(B) I   (x  1)(x  2)(x  3)(x  4)(x  5) dx
1
Applying L-hospital, we get
Applying x  6 – x
 x 2 ƒ '(x) – 2x ƒ(x) + 1 = 0
5
I   (5  x)(4  x)(3  x)(2  x)(1  x) dx = – I
x 2 ƒ '(x)  2x ƒ(x) 1 1
 2 2 + 4 = 0
(x ) x
 I = 0.
 (C) ƒ (x) = cos2x + sin x 15. (a) (Bonus)
(Comment : T he given relat ion doe s not
ƒ '(x) = –2cosx sinx + cos x
hold for x =1, t herefore it is not an
 cos x (–2 sin x + 1) = 0
ident it y. Hence there is a n er ror i n given
1 que st ion. T he cor rect ident it y must be-)
cosx = 0 or sin x =
2 x

sign of ƒ ' (x) changes from –ve to +ve while ƒ (x) 6  ƒ(t)dt  3x ƒ(x)  x 3  5,  x  1
1

 5 Now applying Newton Leibnitz theorem

2
passes through x = , . 6ƒ(x) = 3xƒ'(x) – 3x + 3ƒ(x)
6 6 2
 3ƒ(x) = 3xƒ'(x) – 3x
(D) ƒ (x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x) Let y = ƒ(x)
dy xdy  ydx
cos x  sin x  x  y  x2   dx
ƒ (x) = > 0 dx x2
1  (sin x  cos) 2
y
  d  x    dx
–3/4 5/4 y
  xC (where C is constant)
–/2 /4 x
2
 y = x + Cx
2
 ƒ(x) = x + Cx
x  (–3/4, /4) Given ƒ(1) = 2 C = 1
2
14. Given y = ƒ(x)  ƒ(2) = 2 + 2 = 6
Tangent at point P(x, y) (b ) Given y(0) = 0, g(0) = g(2) = 0
Let y'(x) + y(x) . g'(x) = g(x) g'(x)
 dy   y'(x) + (y(x) –g(x)) g'(x) = 0
Y – y =  dx  (X  x)
( x,y )
y '(x)
  y(x)  g(x)
dy g '(x)
N o w y–intercept  Y = y – x
dx dy(x)
  y(x)  g(x)
dg(x)
dy 3
Given that, y – x = x
dx  I.F.  e 
d ( g ( x ))
 e g(x)
dy y 2  y(x).e g ( x )   e g ( x ) g(x).dg(x )
 – = –x is a linear differential equation
dx x
y(x).e g ( x )  g(x).e g ( x )  e g ( x )  c
1
1 n   1 put x = 0
with I.F. = e 
 dx –nx  x
x = e = e   0 = 0 – 1 + c  c = 1
x
g(2) g(2) g(2)
 y(2) . e = g(2)e – e + 1
y 1 0
Hence, solution is    x 2 . dx  C  y(2) = 0 – e + 1  y(2) = 0
x x
dy
16.  y tan x  2x sec x
y x2 dx
or  C
x 2
Given ƒ(1) = 1   tan x dx
I.F.  e  cos x
3  Equation reduces to
Substituting we get, C =
2
y.cos x   2x.sec x.cos xdx
x3 3  y cosx = x 2 + C
so y =   x
2 2  y(0) = 0  0 = 0 + C
27 9  y cosx = x 2
N o w ƒ(–3) =  = 9
2 2  y(x) = x 2 secx
    2 2 dx
 y   2  ( (A) is correct) cos v dv 
x
 4  16 8 2
sinv = nx+ c
   2 2 2 y
y   .2  ( (C) is wrong) sin    nx  c
3 9 9 x
Also y'(x) = 2x secx + x 2 secx tanx  
 passing through  1, 
   2 2  6
 y '   . 2  ( (B) is wrong)
4
  2 16  1
 sin cc
   2 6 2
and y '    2. .2  .2. 3
3  3 9 y 1
 sin  nx 
4 2 2 x 2
  ( (D) is correct)
3 3 3 Paragraph for Question 19 and 20
17. ƒ'(x) – 2 ƒ(x) < 0 19. e–x(ƒ''(x) – 2ƒ'(x) + ƒ(x))  1
Multiply both side by e–2x
D((ƒ'(x) – ƒ(x))e–x)  1
e 2 x ƒ '(x )  2e 2 x ƒ(x )  0  D((ƒ'(x) – ƒ(x)e–x)  0
d 2 x  (ƒ'(x) – ƒ(x))e –x is an increasing function.
dx

e ƒ(x)  0  1
As we know that e–xƒ(x) has local minima at x 
Now, g(x) = e–2xƒ(x) 4
 g(x) is a decreasing function.
1
1 e–x(ƒ'(x) – ƒ(x)) = 0 at x 
x 4
2 Let F(x) = e –x(ƒ'(x) – ƒ(x))
1   1
g(x )  g   F(x) < 0 in  0, 
2   4

1  1
 e 2 x ƒ(x)  e–x(ƒ'(x) – ƒ(x) < 0 in  0, 
e  4
 ƒ(x) < e2x–1
 1
1
1
1 ƒ'(x) < ƒ(x) in  0, 
ƒ(x)dx  e 2 x dx  4
  e 1 / 2
1/2 option C
1 20. D(e–x(ƒ'(x) – ƒ(x))  0  x  (0, 1)
1  1 2 1
  e2 x 
 2e 1 / 2

2e 2

e  e  e  1  D(D(e –xƒ(x))  0  x  (0, 1)
D2(e –xƒ(x))  0
1 Let F(x) = e –xƒ(x)
e 1
  ƒ(x)dx  F''(x) > 0 means it is concave upward.
1/2 2
obviously ƒ(x) is positive
1 F(x)
  ƒ(x)dx  0
1/2
(0,0) (1,0)
dy y y
18.   sec
dx x x
Let y = vx F(0) = F(1) = 0
dy dv F(x) < 0  x  (0, 1)
vx
dx dx e –xƒ(x) < 0  x  (0, 1)
xdv ƒ(x) < 0
v  v  sec v
dx Option D is possible